31:
288:
In her diary, Morley describes the escalation of the genocide as she saw it in
Merzifon over the course of 1915. She describes the destruction of the Marsovan Armenian community; the arrest of Armenian intellectuals; and the methodical deportations and eventual destruction of deportees. Morley
371:
for two years in until June 1923. When the
Marzifon Girls' School reopened in 1924, Morley returned there for a year. However she returned to the United States due to poor health in January, 1925. While there, she enrolled several of her children in American schools, and completed a B.A. from
289:
narrates how
Armenian property was plundered by Ottoman local and central officials and how Armenian women and children were forced to convert and be absorbed into Muslim households. She also testifies to the efforts of Ottoman authorities to conceal their criminal activities.
330:
After the
Ottoman surrender in World War I, the Marzifon mission institutions were reopened. Morley and her children returned, and Morley became head of the Anatolia Girls' School. However, in March 1921, the Turkish government again forcibly closed
387:
reopened in
Thessaloniki, Greece in 1924. In 1929, Morley returned to Anatolia College, and took up a position as principal of the Girls' School. She served as principal of the Girls' School until the invasion of Greece by Germany in
285:. There, she taught music, geometry, and history at the Anatolia Girls' School in Merzifon. It was during this period that she witnessed the initial phase of the Armenian Genocide, and kept a daily journal of what she saw.
297:
In 1916, the
Merzifon missionary institutions were suddenly closed by the Ottoman government. As a result, Morley was forced to return to the United States. Upon her return, she took refresher courses from the
355:, and witnessed the atrocities committed against the Greeks and Armenians there. She relayed what she saw in letters. Morley rescued a large number of children from the orphanage for Armenian Girls at the
581:
175:(June 21, 1878 – March 22, 1973) was an American educator and relief worker who headed schools and orphanages in Ottoman Turkey and Palestine, and rescued several hundred children from the
223:
from 1895 to 1898, but did not complete her studies due to poor health. From 1898 to 1900, she attended Lake Erie
Conservatory of Music, and in 1904 she joined the
299:
401:
274:
251:
421:
322:). In Aintoura, she worked as the principal of an orphanage of 630 children, most of whom were Armenian. There, she adopted eleven Armenian children.
795:
196:
800:
840:
835:
810:
790:
825:
820:
310:
From 1918 to 1919, Morley went with the
American Red Cross to do refugee work. For nine months of that years she was assigned to
651:
Tehmine
Martoyan (2017). "The Destruction of Smyrna in 1922: An Armenian and Greek Shared Tragedy". In Shirinian, George (ed.).
152:
662:
591:
564:
250:
to visit her sister, Lucy
Harriet Morley Marden, and her brother in law Jesse Krekore Marden, who under the direction of the
204:
460:
815:
720:
514:
473:
359:
in Smyrna. She led the children to escape in an American merchant ship. They were evacuated to Piraeus, near Athens.
352:
224:
106:
805:
231:
200:
101:
530:
830:
356:
625:
261:
Bertha became interested in the work of the mission there, and taught at the American school in Gedik Pasa,
416:
332:
282:
400:
Bertha Morley returned to Ohio in 1941. In 1945 she was granted the status of Missionary Emeritus by the
235:
679:
404:. She moved to California in 1949 to help care for her ailing sister Lucy Mary Morley Marden.
743:
75:
785:
780:
8:
716:
658:
587:
560:
510:
469:
373:
348:
180:
176:
128:
384:
335:; several of its Greek teachers and students were put on show trials and executed.
747:
710:
652:
504:
302:, and afterwards, from 1916 to 1917, attended the Oberlin Conservatory of Music.
220:
138:
96:
262:
731:
774:
654:
Genocide in the Ottoman Empire: Armenians, Assyrians, and Greeks, 1913-1923
389:
368:
192:
51:
347:
where she intended to teach. However, she was present in the city for the
216:
208:
212:
211:. Her health was precarious in adolescence, with near-fatal bouts of
199:, and Lucy Mary Martindale, who taught during the Civil War for the
311:
278:
255:
247:
462:
Survival Against All Odds: The First 100 Years of Anatolia College
30:
319:
557:
Educating Across Cultures: Anatolia College in Turkey and Greece
379:
344:
195:, to Thomas Milton Morley, farmer and former Lieutenant in the
443:
Freedom's First Generation: Black Hampton, Virginia 1861-1890
407:
Bertha Morley died March 22, 1973, in Claremont, California.
315:
586:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 150–51.
230:
Her first teaching job was under the appointment of the
583:
The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic Cleansing
183:
are an important eyewitness account of the genocide.
402:
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
392:, at which point she returned to the United States.
275:
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
252:
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
709:Morley, Bertha Belle (2000). Kaiser, Hilmar (ed.).
503:Morley, Bertha Belle (2000). Kaiser, Hilmar (ed.).
268:
119:
Music teacher, missionary, relief worker, principal
422:Witnesses and testimonies of the Armenian genocide
191:Bertha Belle Morley was born on June 21, 1878, in
445:. New York: Fordham University Press. p. 40.
362:
772:
764:Not by Bread Alone: The Life of Bertha B. Morley
650:
620:
618:
609:Not by Bread Alone: The Life of Bertha B. Morley
559:. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 94.
458:
498:
496:
494:
492:
367:Morley taught at the American Girls' School in
712:Marsovan 1915: The Diaries of Bertha B. Morley
657:. New York: Berghahn Books. pp. 227–252.
531:"Pleasant Hill Academy (Pleasant Hill, Tenn.)"
506:Marsovan 1915: The Diaries of Bertha B. Morley
454:
452:
292:
615:
509:. Princeton: Gomidas Institute. p. xii.
380:Principal at Anatolia College in Thessaloniki
254:, headed the American missionary hospital in
197:25th Ohio Independent Light Artillery Battery
16:Educator and witness to the Armenian Genocide
489:
300:Hartford Seminary Kennedy School of Missions
548:
449:
162:Marsovan 1915: The Diaries of Bertha Morley
630:Digital Library for International Research
459:Stephens, Everett; Stephens, Mary (1986).
29:
241:
179:. Her journals of the early phase of the
632:. Amerikan Bord Heyeti (American Board)
626:"Memorial records for Bertha B. Morley"
468:. New Rochelle: Aristide D. Caratazas.
773:
761:
729:
708:
677:
606:
554:
502:
796:20th-century American women educators
678:Morley, Bertha B. (8 February 1923).
579:
440:
351:in September 1922 at the end of the
325:
13:
801:Witnesses of the Armenian genocide
702:
343:Morley moved with her children to
305:
273:From 1913 to 1916, she joined the
14:
852:
225:New England Conservatory of Music
107:New England Conservatory of Music
715:. Princeton: Gomidas Institute.
269:Witnessing the Armenian Genocide
139:John D. Nutting (brother-in-law)
841:People of the Burning of Smyrna
836:American Christian missionaries
811:American expatriates in Lebanon
791:20th-century American educators
671:
232:American Missionary Association
201:American Missionary Association
102:Lake Erie Conservatory of Music
826:American expatriates in Greece
821:American expatriates in Turkey
644:
600:
573:
523:
434:
363:Return to Merzifon and America
1:
427:
395:
357:American Collegiate Institute
186:
417:George E. White (missionary)
283:Anatolia College in Merzifon
7:
410:
293:Return to the United States
10:
857:
730:Morley, Bertha B. (1922).
684:Cleveland Heights Dispatch
277:Western Turkey Mission at
338:
246:In 1911, she traveled to
166:
158:
148:
144:
134:
123:
115:
89:
81:
71:
59:
37:
28:
21:
816:People from Mentor, Ohio
762:Morley, Harriet (1967).
607:Morley, Harriet (1967).
555:McGrew, William (2015).
441:Engs, Robert F. (2004).
236:Pleasant Hill, Tennessee
535:Amistad Research Center
806:Oberlin College alumni
680:"A Letter from Greece"
580:Mann, Michael (2004).
242:Work in Ottoman Turkey
732:"The Smyrna Disaster"
265:, from 1911 to 1913.
238:, from 1905 to 1910.
209:Fort Monroe, Virginia
76:Claremont, California
831:Missionary educators
205:Grand Contaband Camp
234:boarding school in
23:Bertha Belle Morley
219:. Bertha attended
664:978-1-78533-433-7
593:978-0-511-23165-0
566:978-1-4422-4346-0
374:Lake Erie College
353:Greco-Turkish War
349:Burning of Smyrna
181:Armenian genocide
177:Armenian genocide
170:
169:
153:Congregationalist
129:Armenian genocide
848:
767:
766:. College Press.
758:
756:
754:
726:
696:
695:
693:
691:
675:
669:
668:
648:
642:
641:
639:
637:
622:
613:
612:
611:. College Press.
604:
598:
597:
577:
571:
570:
552:
546:
545:
543:
541:
527:
521:
520:
500:
487:
486:
484:
482:
467:
456:
447:
446:
438:
385:Anatolia College
333:Anatolia College
326:Return to Turkey
248:Merzifon, Turkey
173:Bertha B. Morley
127:Chronicling the
66:
47:
45:
33:
19:
18:
856:
855:
851:
850:
849:
847:
846:
845:
771:
770:
752:
750:
736:The New Armenia
723:
705:
703:Further reading
700:
699:
689:
687:
676:
672:
665:
649:
645:
635:
633:
624:
623:
616:
605:
601:
594:
578:
574:
567:
553:
549:
539:
537:
529:
528:
524:
517:
501:
490:
480:
478:
476:
465:
457:
450:
439:
435:
430:
413:
398:
382:
365:
341:
328:
308:
306:Work in Lebanon
295:
271:
244:
221:Oberlin College
189:
111:
97:Oberlin College
90:Alma mater
64:
55:
49:
43:
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
854:
844:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
769:
768:
759:
727:
721:
704:
701:
698:
697:
670:
663:
643:
614:
599:
592:
572:
565:
547:
522:
515:
488:
474:
448:
432:
431:
429:
426:
425:
424:
419:
412:
409:
397:
394:
381:
378:
364:
361:
340:
337:
327:
324:
307:
304:
294:
291:
270:
267:
263:Constantinople
243:
240:
188:
185:
168:
167:
164:
163:
160:
156:
155:
150:
146:
145:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
125:
124:Known for
121:
120:
117:
113:
112:
110:
109:
104:
99:
93:
91:
87:
86:
83:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
67:(aged 94)
63:March 22, 1973
61:
57:
56:
50:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
853:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
778:
776:
765:
760:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
728:
724:
722:9780953519132
718:
714:
713:
707:
706:
685:
681:
674:
666:
660:
656:
655:
647:
631:
627:
621:
619:
610:
603:
595:
589:
585:
584:
576:
568:
562:
558:
551:
536:
532:
526:
518:
516:9780953519132
512:
508:
507:
499:
497:
495:
493:
477:
475:0-89241-421-9
471:
464:
463:
455:
453:
444:
437:
433:
423:
420:
418:
415:
414:
408:
405:
403:
393:
391:
386:
377:
375:
370:
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
336:
334:
323:
321:
317:
313:
303:
301:
290:
286:
284:
280:
276:
266:
264:
259:
257:
253:
249:
239:
237:
233:
228:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
184:
182:
178:
174:
165:
161:
157:
154:
151:
147:
143:
140:
137:
133:
130:
126:
122:
118:
116:Occupation(s)
114:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
94:
92:
88:
84:
80:
77:
74:
70:
62:
58:
53:
48:June 21, 1878
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
763:
751:. Retrieved
739:
735:
711:
688:. Retrieved
683:
673:
653:
646:
634:. Retrieved
629:
608:
602:
582:
575:
556:
550:
538:. Retrieved
534:
525:
505:
479:. Retrieved
461:
442:
436:
406:
399:
390:World War II
383:
369:Thessaloniki
366:
342:
329:
309:
296:
287:
272:
260:
245:
229:
193:Mentor, Ohio
190:
172:
171:
72:Burial place
65:(1973-03-22)
52:Mentor, Ohio
786:1973 deaths
781:1878 births
753:6 September
686:. p. 5
636:6 September
540:6 September
481:6 September
217:brucellosis
775:Categories
748:1296732718
742:(6): 90–.
690:15 October
428:References
396:Later life
187:Early life
44:1878-06-21
376:in 1929.
281:, at the
213:pneumonia
135:Relatives
82:Education
744:ProQuest
411:See also
312:Aintoura
279:Merzifon
256:Merzifon
159:Writings
149:Religion
320:Lebanon
203:at the
746:
719:
661:
590:
563:
513:
472:
345:Smyrna
339:Smyrna
318:, now
314:(then
54:, U.S.
466:(PDF)
316:Syria
755:2022
717:ISBN
692:2022
659:ISBN
638:2022
588:ISBN
561:ISBN
542:2022
511:ISBN
483:2022
470:ISBN
215:and
85:B.A.
60:Died
38:Born
207:at
777::
740:14
738:.
734:.
682:.
628:.
617:^
533:.
491:^
451:^
258:.
227:.
757:.
725:.
694:.
667:.
640:.
596:.
569:.
544:.
519:.
485:.
46:)
42:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
