277:, and filtration or biological and chemical actions. BMPs also can improve receiving-water quality by extending the duration of outflows in comparison to inflow duration (known as hydrograph extension), which dilutes the stormwater discharged into a larger volume of upstream flow.Although structural BMPs can be effective for reducing stormwater loads to receiving waters, studies indicate that they cannot improve in-stream water quality where receiving-water quality is poor.
1811:
1823:
20:
177:...schedules of activities, prohibitions of practices, maintenance procedures, and other management practices to prevent or reduce the pollution of waters of the United States, BMPs also include treatment requirements, operating procedures, and practices to control plant site runoff, spillage or leaks, sludge or waste disposal, or drainage from raw material storage.
292:
and numerous other proprietary products) or "non-structural" (procedures, such as modified landscaping practices, soil disturbing activity scheduling, or street sweeping). There are a variety of BMPs available; selection typically depends on site characteristics and pollutant removal objectives. EPA
746:
Granato, G.E., and Jones, S.C., 2017, Estimating risks for water-quality exceedances of total-copper from highway and urban runoff under predevelopment and current conditions with the
Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model (SELDM): in Proceedings of the 2017 World Environmental & Water
185:...each NPDES permit shall include conditions meeting the following requirements when applicable... (k) Best management practices (BMPs) to control or abate the discharge of pollutants when: ... (2) Authorized under section 402(p) of the CWA for the control of storm water discharges...
491:
Wet
Weather Water Quality Act of 2000, December 21, 2000. Added by the Miscellaneous Appropriations Act, 2001 (114 Stat. 2763A–225), as enacted into law by section 1(a)(6) of Pub.L. 106–554 (114 Stat. 2763). Amended CWA sec.121(a)(2),
683:
Granato, G.E., and Jones, S.C., 2017, Estimating Total
Maximum Daily Loads with the Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model: Transportation Research Record, Journal of the Transportation Research Board, v. 2638, p. 104-112,
198:
systems. Typical BMPs include operator training, maintenance practices, and spill control procedures for treatment chemicals. There are also many BMPs available which are specific to particular industrial processes, for example:
550:
726:"Approaches for assessing flows, concentrations, and loads of highway and urban runoff and receiving-stream stormwater in southern New England with the Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model (SELDM)"
759:
Jeznach, L.C., and
Granato, G.E., 2020, Comparison of SELDM simulated total-phosphorus concentrations with ecological impervious-area criteria: Journal of Environmental Engineering: v. 146, No. 8, 10 p.
94:) to provide the central components of pollution control systems, and used the term "BMPs" to describe the supporting functions for these systems, such as operator training and equipment maintenance.
112:) to treat polluted stormwater, as well as operational or procedural practices (e.g. minimizing use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides). Other practitioners prefer to use the term
699:"Approaches for assessing long-term annual yields of highway and urban runoff in selected areas of California with the Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model (SELDM)"
640:"Statistics for stochastic modeling of volume reduction, hydrograph extension, and water-quality treatment by structural stormwater runoff best management practices (BMPs)"
1789:
663:
Statistics for simulating structural stormwater runoff best management practices (BMPs) with the
Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model (SELDM)
1725:
509:
U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA), Washington, D.C. "EPA Administered Permit Programs: The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System."
364:
1750:
153:
References to stormwater BMPs first appear in the 1987 amendment to the CWA in describing the
Nonpoint Source Management Demonstration Program.
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in the federal wastewater permit regulations, initially to refer to auxiliary procedures for industrial wastewater controls.
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408:
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Another stormwater BMP reference was added in 2001 with the authorization for a Wet
Weather Watershed Pilot Project program.
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139:
The 1977 CWA used the term in describing the areawide waste treatment planning program and in procedures for controlling
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Water sensitive development: better site design (revisions of local land development rules); open space site design;
773:
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1687:
1644:
884:
823:- Washington State Department of Ecology's process for evaluating and approving emerging stormwater treatment BMPs
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Beginning in the 20th century, designers of industrial and municipal sewage pollution controls typically utilized
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1025:
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has published a series of stormwater BMP fact sheets for use by local governments, builders and property owners.
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55:
1604:
1502:
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National
Research Council, Committee on Reducing Stormwater Discharge Contributions to Water Pollution (2009).
573:. Guidance Manual for Developing Best Management Practices (BMP) (Report). EPA. October 1993. EPA-833-B-93-004.
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National
Research Council, Committee on Reducing Stormwater Discharge Contributions to Water Pollution (2009).
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Resources Congress, Sacramento, CA, May 21-25, 2017, Reston, VA, American Society of Civil Engineers, 15 p.
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Stormwater BMPs can be classified as "structural" (i.e., devices installed or constructed on a site such as
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United States. Clean Water Act of 1977, Pub.L. 95-217, December 27, 1977. Sections 208 (b), (i) and (j),
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Water Quality Act of 1987, Pub.L. 100-4, February 4, 1987. CWA sec. 319(a),(b),(h),(l), & (m),
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315:; wetlands; functional art; stormwater wetland park design; wetland park engineering & design.
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management BMPs are control measures taken to mitigate changes to both quantity and quality of
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control. Historically the term has referred to auxiliary pollution controls in the fields of
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150:, which covers dredge and fill permits, refers to BMPs in one of the enforcement exemptions.
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116:, due to the varied definitions of the term "BMP" and its use in non-stormwater practice.
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Better Site Design: A Handbook for Changing Development Rules in Your Community (Part 1)
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source reduction practices in metal finishing industries (e.g. substituting less toxic
16:
Term used in the United States and Canada to describe a type of water pollution control
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378:- Incorporating many of the same concepts into a holistic approach for city design.
327:
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79:
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214:, capturing equipment washdown waters for recycle/reuse at various process stages;
70:
management, BMPs may refer to a principal control or treatment technique as well.
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586:"3. Hydrologic, Geomorphic, and Biological Effects of Urbanization on Watersheds"
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104:, emerged later in the 20th century, and some practitioners have used the term
24:
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43:
795:(Report). Ellicott City, MD: Center for Watershed Protection. Version 1.0.1.
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to describe both structural or engineered control devices and systems (e.g.
1745:
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375:
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28:
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Stormwater management BMPs can be also categorized into four basic types:
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728:. Scientific Investigations Report (Report). U.S. Geological Survey.
701:. Scientific Investigations Report (Report). U.S. Geological Survey.
642:. Scientific Investigations Report (Report). U.S. Geological Survey.
226:
119:
87:
556:(Report). Edmonton, AB: Alberta Environmental Protection. July 1994.
261:. BMPs are designed to reduce stormwater volume, peak flows, and/or
1549:
246:
194:
Industrial wastewater BMPs are considered an adjunct to engineered
774:"National Menu of Best Management Practices (BMPs) for Stormwater"
685:
181:
Later the Agency added a reference to stormwater management BMPs.
1522:
837:
204:
67:
330:; civic infrastructure and design; functional stormwater design.
1186:
551:
Best Management Practices and Spill Response: Guidance Document
47:
19:
140:
808:
288:(also called erosion control logs or excelsior wattles),
829:- Multi-state protocol for stormwater BMP demonstrations
749:
http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/9780784480601.028
229:
processes, and reduce the overall amount of bleach used.
1727:
UN Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm 1972)
723:
660:
724:
Granato, G.E.; Spaetzel, A.B.; Jeznach, L.C. (2023).
827:
Technology Acceptance Reciprocity Partnership (TARP)
568:"Ch. 3. Industry-Specific Best Management Practices"
661:Granato, G.E.; Spaetzel, A.B.; Medalie, L. (2021).
762:https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0001763
1862:
590:Urban Stormwater Management in the United States
401:Urban Stormwater Management in the United States
361:(NURP) - EPA research program on stormwater BMPs
821:Technology Assessment Protocol – Ecology (TAPE)
778:National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
365:Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model
1751:Rio Declaration on Environment and Development
718:
716:
592:. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press.
403:. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press.
318:Filtration/Infiltration practices: filtering;
853:
736:. Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5087.
709:. Scientific Investigations Report 2021–5043.
696:
673:. Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5136.
650:. Scientific Investigations Report 2014–5037.
233:
189:
146:associated with industrial discharges. The
817:- California Stormwater Quality Association
811:– Performance Data on Urban Stormwater BMPs
713:
617:(2nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
1822:
860:
846:
613:Debo, Thomas N.; Reese, Andrew J. (2003).
100:as a specialized area within the field of
1762:Convention on Biological Diversity (1992)
833:Pennsylvania Stormwater BMP Manual (2006)
612:
1790:UN Conference on Sustainable Development
120:U.S. Clean Water Act References to "BMP"
18:
637:
1863:
1360:Corporate environmental responsibility
66:management (both urban and rural) and
841:
809:International Stormwater BMP Database
790:
397:"5. Stormwater Management Approaches"
1733:Brundtlandt Commission Report (1983)
697:Granato, G.E.; Friesz, P.J. (2021).
367:for modeling the performance of BMPs
300:Storage practices: ponds; recovery;
815:California Stormwater BMP Handbooks
135:(CWA) but did not define the term.
13:
1375:Environmental full-cost accounting
867:
665:(Report). U.S. Geological Survey.
371:Sustainable urban drainage systems
165:In implementing the CWA, the U.S.
160:
14:
1907:
1309:Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity
802:
1821:
1810:
1809:
1779:UN Millennium Declaration (2000)
131:in several sections of the U.S.
1365:Corporate social responsibility
1294:Ocean thermal energy conversion
1233:Community-supported agriculture
918:Human impact on the environment
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686:https://doi.org/10.3141/2638-12
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615:Municipal Stormwater Management
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359:Nationwide Urban Runoff Program
348:Industrial wastewater treatment
207:or using water-based cleaners);
167:Environmental Protection Agency
1605:Socially responsible marketing
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1796:Sustainable Development Goals
1600:Socially responsible business
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253:problems caused by increased
1876:Hydrology and urban planning
511:Code of Federal Regulations,
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1625:Sustainability organization
1410:Standards and certification
1001:Social return on investment
341:
302:green infrastructure design
10:
1912:
1886:Waste treatment technology
1050:Systemic change resistance
249:. Generally BMPs focus on
245:caused through changes to
234:Stormwater management BMPs
190:Industrial wastewater BMPs
114:Stormwater control measure
1881:Waste management concepts
1871:Environmental engineering
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1228:Climate-smart agriculture
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263:nonpoint source pollution
102:environmental engineering
36:Best management practices
1370:Environmental accounting
1119:Sustainable architecture
1109:Environmental technology
42:) is a term used in the
1243:Sustainable agriculture
225:monitoring to optimize
1786:(Rio+10, Johannesburg)
1655:Sustainable management
1640:Urban drainage systems
1380:Environmental planning
1344:Water recycling shower
1334:Tidal stream generator
1129:Sustainable industries
1088:Sustainable population
1073:Demographic transition
1055:Tragedy of the commons
638:Granato, G.E. (2014).
353:Low Impact Development
335:low impact development
307:Vegetative practices:
98:Stormwater management,
50:to describe a type of
32:
1678:Humanistic capitalism
1493:Environmental finance
1134:Sustainable packaging
791:Swann, Chris (2016).
148:"Section 404" program
56:industrial wastewater
22:
1896:Environmental design
1645:Urban infrastructure
1339:Water heat recycling
1162:Conservation biology
1006:Steady-state economy
981:Micro-sustainability
966:Ecological footprint
923:Planetary boundaries
284:, rock filter dams,
1746:Earth Summit (1992)
1400:Metrics and indices
1253:Sustainable fishery
1172:Holocene extinction
991:Product stewardship
961:Earth Overshoot Day
734:10.3133/sir20235087
707:10.3133/sir20215043
671:10.3133/sir20205136
648:10.3133/sir20145037
255:impervious surfaces
92:biological reactors
1205:Sustainable energy
1167:Endangered species
1124:Sustainable design
1038:Consumer behaviour
267:evapotranspiration
80:engineered systems
62:control, while in
33:
1858:
1857:
1784:Earth Summit 2002
1767:Lisbon Principles
1739:Our Common Future
1417:Sustainable yield
1223:Civic agriculture
976:Green consumption
913:Global governance
599:978-0-309-12540-6
457:CWA sec. 404(f),
440:CWA sec. 304(e),
410:978-0-309-12540-6
376:Blue-Green cities
212:chemical industry
27:for treatment of
1903:
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1757:Agenda 21 (1992)
1728:
1693:Natural resource
1580:Organic movement
1555:Impact investing
1274:Hydroelectricity
1248:Sustainable diet
1200:Renewable energy
1195:Carbon footprint
1177:Invasive species
1114:Natural building
1065:World population
1026:Marketing myopia
986:Over-consumption
956:Circular economy
951:Anti-consumerism
908:Environmentalism
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161:EPA definitions
133:Clean Water Act
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110:retention ponds
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52:water pollution
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1664:
1663:Environmental
1661:
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1595:Refurbishment
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1585:Organizations
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1498:Green economy
1496:
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1483:Eco-socialism
1481:
1479:
1478:Eco-investing
1476:
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1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1463:Disinvestment
1461:
1459:
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1284:Marine energy
1282:
1280:
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1270:
1267:
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1254:
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1238:Cultured meat
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996:Simple living
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624:1-56670-584-3
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569:
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548:For example:
545:
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268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
251:water quality
248:
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184:
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103:
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71:
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49:
45:
44:United States
41:
37:
31:(stormwater).
30:
26:
21:
1847:
1840:
1833:
1826:
1814:
1738:
1503:Construction
1426:Applications
1144:Biodiversity
903:Anthropocene
786:
780:. EPA. 2016.
777:
768:
755:
742:
692:
679:
656:
633:
614:
608:
589:
579:
562:
544:
526:
510:
505:
487:
470:
453:
436:
419:
400:
390:
324:rain gardens
320:infiltration
311:; channels;
295:
279:
271:infiltration
243:urban runoff
237:
193:
180:
170:
164:
128:
127:referred to
123:
113:
105:
97:
96:
77:
58:control and
39:
35:
34:
29:urban runoff
1719:conferences
1590:Procurement
1533:Development
1433:Advertising
1395:Measurement
1329:Tidal power
1324:Small hydro
1289:Micro hydro
1152:Biosecurity
1104:Appropriate
1033:Sustainable
1016:Advertising
938:Consumption
928:Development
533:40 CFR
515:40 CFR
498:§ 1274
480:§ 1329
463:§ 1344
429:§ 1288
313:green roofs
286:fiber rolls
282:silt fences
74:Terminology
1865:Categories
1610:Sanitation
1565:Livelihood
1488:Ecovillage
1473:Eco-cities
1390:Accounting
1299:Pico hydro
1279:Hydropower
1097:Technology
895:Principles
383:References
239:Stormwater
144:pollutants
88:clarifiers
64:stormwater
1703:Recycling
1698:Planetary
1688:Materials
1683:Landscape
1668:Fisheries
1635:Transport
1560:Landscape
1543:Marketing
1518:Gardening
1458:Community
1405:Reporting
1269:Footprint
1157:Biosphere
275:detention
227:bleaching
196:treatment
1816:Category
1615:Sourcing
1550:Greening
1443:Business
1319:Security
1314:Scarcity
342:See also
265:through
247:land use
221:, using
205:solvents
125:Congress
1849:Degrees
1842:Studies
1835:Science
1630:Tourism
1523:Geopark
1513:Finance
1508:Fashion
1083:Control
971:Ethical
880:Outline
309:buffers
217:in the
210:in the
84:filters
68:wetland
1798:(2015)
1775:(2000)
1769:(1997)
1753:(1992)
1741:(1987)
1673:Forest
1575:Market
1570:Living
1187:Energy
1043:Market
621:
596:
536:122.44
496:
478:
461:
444:
427:
407:
82:(e.g.
48:Canada
1828:Lists
1708:Waste
1620:Space
1528:Green
1262:Water
1021:Brand
885:Index
571:(PDF)
554:(PDF)
530:EPA.
518:122.2
355:(LID)
257:from
141:toxic
1448:City
1215:Food
722:>
619:ISBN
594:ISBN
405:ISBN
46:and
40:BMPs
1438:Art
730:doi
703:doi
667:doi
644:doi
171:BMP
129:BMP
106:BMP
1867::
776:.
715:^
588:.
399:.
326:;
322:;
273:,
269:,
90:,
86:,
23:A
861:e
854:t
847:v
732::
705::
669::
646::
627:.
602:.
539:.
521:.
500:.
482:.
465:.
448:.
431:.
413:.
337:.
304:.
38:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
