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65:(TBSRTC or BSRTC). Like TBS, it was the result of a conference sponsored by the NIH and is published in book editions (currently by Springer). Mentions of "the Bethesda system" without further specification usually refer to the cervical system, unless the thyroid context of a discussion is implicit.
161:
CIN 1 is the most common and most benign form of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and usually resolves spontaneously within two years. Because of this, LSIL results can be managed with a simple "watch and wait" philosophy. However, because there is a 12–16% chance of progression to more severe
221:
HSIL does not mean that cancer is present. Of all women with HSIL results, 2% or less have invasive cervical cancer at that time, however about 20% would progress to having invasive cervical cancer without treatment. To combat this progression, HSIL is usually followed by an immediate
496:
515:
for
Category IV, near total-thyroidectomy/lobectomy for Category V, and near total thyroidectomy for Category VI. The risk of malignancy in a malignant FNAC report is 93.7% while for a suspicious FNAC report, it is 18.9%.
591:
Soloman, Diane (1989). "The 1988 Bethesda System for reporting cerval/vaginal cytologic diagnoses: developed and approved at the
National Cancer Institute workshop in Bethesda, MD, December 12–13, 1988".
661:
Nayar R, Solomon D. Second edition of 'The
Bethesda System for reporting cervical cytology' – Atlas, website, and Bethesda interobserver reproducibility project. CytoJournal 2004 ;1:4. Available from:
448:
472:
730:
Wright TC Jr, Massad LS, Dunton CJ, Spitzer M, Wilkinson EJ, Solomon D (Oct 2007). "2006 consensus guidelines for the management of women with abnormal cervical cancer screening tests".
1081:
484:
1021:
Tee, Yoon Y; Lowe, Adrain J; Brand, Caroline A (November 2007). "Fine-Needle
Aspiration May Miss a Third of All Malignancy in Palpable Thyroid Nodules".
914:
819:
138:
Cytopathology of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), with main features, as compared to an unremarkable intermediate squamous cell.
1151:
170:. If the dysplasia progresses, treatment may be necessary. Treatment involves removal of the affected tissue, which can be accomplished by
666:
1503:
385:
Atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (follicular or lymphoid cells with atypical features)
720:
Nayar R, Wilbur D. The
Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology, Definitions, Criteria, and Explanatory Notes. Springer; 2015.
1055:
our study showed that the risk of malignancy of malignant FNA and suspicious FNA diagnosis is around 93.7% and 18.9%, respectively.
525:
635:
Broder S (1992). "The
Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical/Vaginal Cytologic Diagnoses—Report of the 1991 Bethesda Workshop".
511:
Repeated FNAC is recommended for
Category I, followed by clinical follow-up in Category II, repeat FNAC for Category III, and
550:
399:
Follicular nodule/suspicious follicular nodule (cell crowding, micro follicles, dispersed isolated cells, scant colloid)
1442:
1406:
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974:"The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology: Interpretation and Guidelines in Surgical Treatment"
845:"The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology: Interpretation and Guidelines in Surgical Treatment"
1137:
1080:
Bongiovanni, Massimo; Spitale, Alessandra; Faquin, William C.; Mazzucchelli, Luca; Baloch, Zubair W. (2012).
47:
1498:
42:
results. It was introduced in 1988 and revised in 1991, 2001, and 2014. The name comes from the location (
896:
1523:
816:
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261:
women for fear of disrupting the pregnancy. Any of these procedures is 85% likely to cure the problem.
683:
805:
2006 consensus guidelines for the management of women with abnormal cervical cancer screening tests.
1518:
1255:
503:
1188:
94:
327:
is the system used to report whether the thyroid cytological specimen is benign or malignant on
1462:
190:
1330:
1213:
151:
843:
Renuka, I. V.; Saila Bala, G.; Aparna, C.; Kumari, Ramana; Sumalatha, K. (December 2012).
162:
dysplasia, the physician may want to follow the results more aggressively by performing a
8:
1437:
202:
High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL or HGSIL) indicates moderate or severe
1508:
1344:
1111:
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43:
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Biopsy correlates of abnormal cervical cytology classified using the
Bethesda system.
747:
703:
648:
609:
562:
249:
HSIL treatment involves the removal or destruction of the affected cells, usually by
207:
1115:
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1093:
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993:
985:
944:
936:
864:
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695:
644:
601:
684:"The 2001 Bethesda System: terminology for reporting results of cervical cytology"
1183:
1034:
823:
670:
215:
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Renuka, I.V; Saila Bala, G; Aparna, C; Kumari, R; Sumalatha, K (December 2012).
1361:
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286:
274:
146:
A low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL or LGSIL) indicates possible
58:
989:
940:
860:
779:
Natural history of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions: a meta-analysis.
150:. LSIL usually indicates mild dysplasia (CIN 1), more than likely caused by a
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finding). HSIL generally corresponds to the histological classification of
238:
classification that is more definitive than a Pap smear result (which is a
1082:"The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology: A Meta-Analysis"
613:
605:
1308:
1193:
309:
254:
179:
175:
803:
Wright TC Jr; Massad LS; Dunton CJ; Spitzer M; Wilkinson EJ; Solomon D.
506:(Bethesda category IV, rather than Hürthle cell hyperplasia), Pap stain.
1388:
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305:
223:
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Atypical
Glandular Cells, suspicious for AIS or cancer (AGC-neoplastic)
1098:
1411:
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Thyroid cytopathology of
Bethesda category III with clotting artifact
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39:
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can arise from the endocervix, endometrium and extrauterine sites.
230:
to sample or remove the dysplastic tissue. This tissue is sent for
211:
185:
129:
1300:
807:
American Journal of Obstetric Gynecology. 2007 Oct;197(4):346-55.
729:
312:
227:
167:
118:
31:
919:
Last author update: 7 May 2020. Last staff update: 12 May 2022
363:
Repeating FNAC with ultrasound-guidance in more than 3 months
925:"Hurthle Cell Lesion: Controversies, Challenges, and Debates"
80:
Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US)
971:
849:
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery
842:
1230:
792:
The invasive potential of carcinoma in situ of the cervix.
99:
Atypical Glandular Cells not otherwise specified (AGC-NOS)
91:
High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HGSIL or HSIL)
88:
Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LGSIL or LSIL)
682:
Solomon D, Davey D, Kurman R, et al. (April 2002).
257:, cautery, or laser ablation, but none are performed on
891:
Image by Mikael Häggström, MD. References for findings:
63:
The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology
299:
atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance
83:
Atypical squamous cells – cannot exclude HSIL (ASC-H)
53:
Since 2010, there is also a Bethesda system used for
777:
Melnikow J, Nuovo J, Willan AR, Chan BK, Howell LP.
664:
http://www.cytojournal.com/text.asp?2004/1/1/4/41272
548:
214:. In some cases these lesions can lead to invasive
325:
Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology
113:The results are calculated differently following a
28:
The Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology
681:
549:Apgar BS, Zoschnick L, Wright TC (November 2003).
478:Category V with intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusion
781:Obstetric Gynecology. 1998 Oct;92(4 Pt 2):727-35.
186:HSIL: high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion
1480:
922:
895:Ayana Suzuki, C.T., Andrey Bychkov, M.D., Ph.D.
130:LSIL: low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion
331:(FNAC). It can be divided into six categories:
264:
154:infection. It is usually diagnosed following a
301:. Renamed AGC to avoid confusion with ASCUS.
124:
1145:
838:
836:
790:McIndoe WA; McLean MR; Jones RW; Mullins PR.
544:
542:
540:
1020:
913:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
768:Gynecologic Oncology. 2001 Sep;82(3):516-22.
794:Obstetric Gynecology. 1984 Oct;64(4):451-8.
675:
1152:
1138:
833:
584:
537:
1443:Loop electrical excision procedure (LEEP)
1097:
997:
948:
868:
1417:Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN)
1407:Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)
1159:
634:
273:
189:
133:
1070:ASCP: The Bethesda System Website Atlas
590:
526:American Society for Clinical Pathology
210:. It is usually diagnosed following a
1481:
1422:Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN)
551:"The 2001 Bethesda System terminology"
490:Category V with nuclear groove (arrow)
46:) of the conference, sponsored by the
1133:
371:Benign (colloid and follicular cells)
978:Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
13:
1504:Papillomavirus-associated diseases
318:
297:AGC, formerly AGUS, is a term for
204:cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
14:
1535:
1218:HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer
1063:
764:Massad LS; Collins YC; Meyer PM.
419:Surgical lobectomy or near-total
269:
218:, if not followed appropriately.
649:10.1001/jama.1992.03480140014005
495:
483:
471:
459:
447:
1261:Epidermodysplasia verruciformis
1014:
965:
885:
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797:
784:
329:fine-needle aspiration cytology
50:, that established the system.
16:Reporting systems for pathology
771:
758:
723:
714:
655:
628:
38:diagnoses, used for reporting
1:
531:
502:Cytopathology suspicious for
357:Non diagnostic/unsatisfactory
48:National Institutes of Health
1266:Focal epithelial hyperplasia
1035:10.1097/SLA.0b013e3180f61adc
265:Glandular cell abnormalities
30:, is a system for reporting
7:
519:
125:Squamous cell abnormalities
10:
1540:
744:10.1016/j.ajog.2007.07.047
73:Abnormal results include:
1455:
1430:
1396:
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1368:Experimental techniques:
1329:
1299:
1281:
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990:10.1007/s12070-011-0289-4
941:10.1007/s12262-015-1381-x
923:Shawky M, Sakr M (2016).
861:10.1007/s12070-011-0289-4
413:Suspicious for malignancy
304:The management of AGC is
68:
1489:Diagnostic endocrinology
1256:Laryngeal papillomatosis
700:10.1001/jama.287.16.2114
253:. Other methods include
77:Atypical squamous cells
897:"Hürthle cell neoplasm"
95:Squamous cell carcinoma
1075:Bethesda 2001 Workshop
292:
283:
199:
143:
1494:Gynaecological cancer
1463:Georgios Papanikolaou
606:10.1002/dc.2840050318
504:Hürthle cell neoplasm
277:
193:
182:, or laser ablation.
137:
26:), officially called
1214:Head and neck cancer
1160:Human papillomavirus
234:testing to assign a
152:human papillomavirus
1499:Medical terminology
1438:Cervical conization
732:Am J Obstet Gynecol
405:Surgical lobectomy
377:Clinical follow-up
336:
308:with or without an
20:The Bethesda system
1524:Bethesda, Maryland
901:Pathology Outlines
822:2016-08-15 at the
669:2018-10-02 at the
346:Risk of malignancy
334:
284:
200:
148:cervical dysplasia
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61:, which is called
44:Bethesda, Maryland
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1475:
1468:Harald zur Hausen
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1099:10.1159/000339959
1023:Annals of Surgery
594:Diagn. Cytopathol
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208:carcinoma in situ
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569:. Archived from
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278:Adenocarcinoma.
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575:. Retrieved
571:the original
558:
554:
510:
324:
322:
303:
298:
296:
285:
248:
220:
201:
160:
145:
112:
106:
72:
62:
52:
27:
23:
19:
18:
1121:24 November
935:(1): 41–8.
466:Category IV
436:Near-total
343:Description
310:endometrial
255:cryotherapy
180:cone biopsy
176:cryosurgery
34:or vaginal
1483:Categories
1389:Colposcopy
830:Dictionary
577:2009-01-03
532:References
306:colposcopy
244:CIN 2 or 3
236:histologic
224:colposcopy
164:colposcopy
1509:Pathology
1431:Treatment
1412:Koilocyte
1399:histology
1331:Screening
1288:skin tags
1271:Papilloma
828:eMedicine
513:lobectomy
430:Malignant
280:Pap stain
240:cytologic
232:pathology
196:Pap stain
156:Pap smear
140:Pap stain
115:Pap smear
40:Pap smear
36:cytologic
1339:Pap test
1319:Gardasil
1314:Cervarix
1169:diseases
1116:14143335
1108:22846422
1051:30354862
1043:17968160
1008:24294568
959:27186039
909:cite web
879:24294568
820:Archived
752:17904957
708:11966386
667:Archived
622:19684695
567:14655809
520:See also
433:97 - 99%
416:60 - 75%
402:15 - 30%
340:Category
259:pregnant
212:Pap test
32:cervical
1514:Thyroid
1456:History
1397:Biopsy
1301:Vaccine
1246:plantar
1241:genital
1199:Vaginal
1189:cancers
1177:Cancers
1167:Related
999:3477437
950:4848220
870:3477437
614:2791840
388:5 - 15%
117:of the
107:in situ
1282:Others
1209:Penile
1204:Vulvar
1114:
1106:
1049:
1041:
1006:
996:
957:
947:
877:
867:
750:
706:
620:
612:
565:
374:0 - 3%
313:biopsy
228:biopsy
194:HSIL.
168:biopsy
119:cervix
69:Cervix
1345:stain
1231:Warts
1112:S2CID
1047:S2CID
618:S2CID
226:with
166:with
109:(AIS)
1251:flat
1194:Anal
1123:2022
1104:PMID
1039:PMID
1004:PMID
955:PMID
915:link
875:PMID
817:AGUS
748:PMID
704:PMID
688:JAMA
637:JAMA
610:PMID
563:PMID
382:III
323:The
251:LEEP
172:LEEP
1094:doi
1031:doi
1027:246
994:PMC
986:doi
945:PMC
937:doi
865:PMC
857:doi
826:at
740:doi
736:197
696:doi
692:287
645:doi
641:267
602:doi
427:VI
396:IV
368:II
293:AGC
206:or
57:of
24:TBS
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