725:
manually one at a time from spare round holders or bullets deposited by the competitor into trays or onto the mat at the firing line. If there are still standing targets after eight bullets, one 150 m (490 ft) penalty loop must be taken for each missed target remaining. The first-leg participants all start simultaneously, and as in cross-country skiing relays, every athlete of a team must touch the team's next-leg participant to perform a valid changeover. On the first shooting stage of the first leg, the participant must shoot in the lane corresponding to their bib number (bib #10 shoots at lane #10 regardless of their position in the race), then for the remainder of the relay, the relay team shoots on a first-come, first-served basis (arrive at the range in fifth place, shoot at lane 5).
650:, the Super Sprint is a shorter version of the sprint race. Unlike the traditional sprint race, the Super Sprint is divided into two segments – qualification and final. The qualification is done like the traditional sprint, but on a 1.5 km lap with a total length of 4.5 km. Only the top 30 competitors qualify for the final, in which all competitors start simultaneously and do five laps on the same course (like in mass start) with a total race length of 4 km. During the final, the competitors have three spare rounds should they miss a target (like in relay race). However, if not all targets are cleared during shooting instead of going on the penalty loop, the biathlete is disqualified from the race.
558:
690:
shooting bout being at the lane corresponding to the competitor's bib number (bib #10 shoots at lane #10 regardless of position in race), with the rest of the shooting bouts being on a first-come, first-served basis (if a competitor arrives at the lane in fifth place, they shoot at lane 5). As in sprint and pursuit, competitors must ski one 150 m penalty loop for each miss. Here again, to avoid unwanted congestion, World Cup Mass starts are held with only the 30 top ranking athletes on the start line (half that of the
Pursuit as here all contestants start simultaneously).
481:
763:
3 km (1.9 mi) or 2 laps and the final leg being 4.5 km (2.8 mi) or 3 laps, totalling 13.5 km (8.4 mi). After each leg, the runners exchange so that each runner completes two legs. Specific to this format, the exchange happens immediately after the last shooting of each leg without skiing an additional lap (as is usually the case). The race can be started by either the female or male member of the relay, with the finishing member performing an extra lap. This event was added to the world championships in
495:
419:
681:
prone, two standing, in that order) and each miss means a penalty loop of 150 m. To prevent awkward or dangerous crowding of the skiing loops and overcapacity at the shooting range, World Cup
Pursuits are held with only the 60 top-ranking biathletes after the preceding race. The biathletes shoot on a first-come, first-served basis at the lane corresponding to the position they arrived for all shooting bouts. If the pursuit follows an individual biathlon race, the lag behind the winner is halved.
1801:
663:
2626:
2616:
180:. Norwegian skiing regiments organized military skiing contests in the 18th century, divided into four classes: shooting at mark while skiing at top speed, downhill race among trees, downhill race on big hills without falling, and a long race on flat ground while carrying a rifle and military pack. In modern terminology, these military contests included downhill, slalom, biathlon, and cross-country skiing. One of the world's first known ski clubs,
38:
155:
537:(intermediate times) are taken at several points along the skiing track and upon finishing each shooting round. The large display screens commonly set up at biathlon arenas, as well as the information graphics shown as part of the TV picture, will typically list the split time of the fastest contestant at each intermediate point and the times and time differences to the closest runners-up.
762:
In 2015, the single mixed relay was introduced to the
Biathlon World Cup by the IBU. The event is run on a 1.5 km (0.93 mi) track with a 75 m (246 ft) penalty loop, and each team consists of a female and a male runner. The race is divided into four legs, with the first three being
429:
The following articles list major international biathlon events and medalists. Unlike the
Olympics and World Championships (BWCH), the World Cup (BWC) is an entire winter season of (mostly) weekly races, where the medalists are those with the highest sums of World Cup points at the end of the season.
709:
Everyone skis the first lap together, but only the first 30 stop to shoot, and the second 30 keep skiing. At the end of the second lap, the second 30 stop to shoot, and the first 30 continue to ski. After the first two shoots are over (everyone's first prone), the race continues like a typical race,
637:
The sprint is 10 km (6.21 mi) for men & 7.5 km (4.66 mi) for women; the distance is skied over three laps. The biathlete shoots twice at any shooting lane, once prone (usually lanes 1–15) and once standing (lanes 16–30), for a total of 10 shots. For each miss, a penalty loop
515:
A biathlon competition consists of a race in which contestants ski through a cross-country trail system whose total distance is divided into either two or four shooting rounds, half in the prone position, the other half standing. Depending on the shooting performance, extra distance or time is added
680:
In a pursuit, biathletes' starts are separated by their time differences from a previous race, most commonly a sprint. The contestant crossing the finish line first is the winner. The distance is 12.5 km for men and 10 km for women, skied over five laps; there are four shooting bouts (two
1550:
The winner of the qualifying competition will have a start time of zero (0) which will be shown on the start list as the clock time for the start of the
Pursuit competition. The remaining competitors in the Pursuit competition will have as their start time the actual time by which they were behind
724:
The relay teams consist of four biathletes, who each ski 7.5 km (men) or 6 km (women), each leg skied over three laps, with two shooting rounds; one prone, one standing. For every round of five targets, there are eight bullets available. However, the last three can only be single-loaded
689:
In the mass start, all biathletes start at the same time, and the first across the finish line wins. In this 15 km for men or 12.5 km for women competition, the distance is skied over five laps; there are four bouts of shooting (two prone, two standing, in that order), with the first
311:
cartridge was standardized in 1978. The ammunition was carried in a belt worn around the competitor's waist. The sole event was the men's 20 km individual, encompassing four separate ranges and firing distances of 100 m, 150 m, 200 m, and 250 m. The target distance was
621:
The 20 km (12.43 mi) individual race is the oldest biathlon event; the distance is skied over five laps. The biathlete shoots four times at any shooting lane (lanes 1–15 are in prone, while lanes 16–30 are for standing), in the order of prone, standing, prone, standing, totaling 20
775:
A team consists of four biathletes, but unlike the relay competition, all team members start at the same time. Two athletes must shoot in the prone shooting round, the other two in the standing round. In case of a miss, the two non-shooting biathletes must ski a penalty loop of 150 m
146:. It is treated as a race, with contestants skiing through a cross-country trail whose distance is divided into shooting rounds. The shooting rounds are not timed per se, but depending on the competition, missed shots result in extra distance or time being added to the contestant's total.
653:
Changes were made for the following season with the course now being 1 km (0.2 km increase) meaning that the qualification race length will become 3 km, while the final race becomes 5 km in length. Also the number of spare rounds was decreased from three to one.
745:
however, the race can be started by either the men or women . Additionally, for most of the event's history, the women's legs have been 6 km (3.7 mi) and the men's legs 7.5 km (4.7 mi) as in ordinary relay competitions. However, since the
776:(490 ft). The skiers must enter the shooting area together and must also finish within 15 seconds of each other; otherwise, a time penalty of one minute is added to the total time. Since 2004, this race format has been obsolete at the World Cup level.
258:
were strong competitors. In 1948, the sport was reorganized under the Union
Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne et Biathlon and became re-accepted as an Olympic sport in 1955, with widespread popularity within the Soviet and Swedish winter sport circuits.
1416:
Even in
English-speaking countries such as Canada and the United States, each country may use different terms for the same thing in biathlon. For example, Stage (USA) vs. Bout (Canada), Shooting Point (USA) vs. Shooting Lane
596:
respectively. On all modern biathlon ranges, the targets are self-indicating, in that they flip from black to white when hit, giving the biathlete, as well as the spectators, instant visual feedback for each shot fired.
1325:
592:, the target diameter is 45 mm (1.8 in); when shooting in the standing position, the target diameter is 115 mm (4.5 in). This translates to angular target sizes of 0.9 and 2.3
312:
reduced to 150 m with the addition of the relay in 1966. The shooting range was further reduced to 50 m in 1978 with the mechanical self-indicating targets making their debut at the
549:, which is overwhelmingly the choice of competitors. The minimum ski length is the height of the skier minus 4 cm. The rifle has to be carried by the skier during the race at all times.
529:
Use of an extra cartridge (placed at the shooting range) to hit the target; only three such extras are available for each round, and a penalty loop must be done for each target left standing.
1518:
to the nearest whole second of the biathletes' time differences from the previous race – the amount of time each biathlete lagged after the winner to the finish line.
622:
targets. For each missed target, a fixed penalty time, usually one minute, is added to the skiing time of the biathlete. Competitors' starts are staggered, normally by 30 seconds.
1332:
1551:
the winner in the Sprint or Mass Start competition or – in the
Individual – one half of the time behind the winner, expressed in time behind to the nearest whole second.
519:
For each shooting round, the biathlete must hit five targets or receive a penalty for each missed target, which varies according to the competition rules as follows:
176:
as both the ski god and the hunting god." In modern times, the activity that developed into this sport was an exercise for
Norwegians as alternative training for the
523:
Skiing around a 150 m (492.13 ft) penalty loop—typically taking 20–30 seconds for elite biathletes to complete, depending on weather and snow conditions.
1393:
751:
1535:
1480:
581:(straight-pull bolt) action. Each rifle holds 4 magazines with 5 rounds each. Additional rounds can be kept on the stock of the rifle for a relay race.
392:
1959:
569:
The biathlete carries a small-bore rifle, which must weigh at least 3.5 kg (7.7 lb), excluding ammunition and magazines. The rifles use
190:(the military contest), a 17 km cross-country race with shooting, and the military cross-country race at 30 km including marksmanship.
1790:
1311:
865:
207:, an organization set up by the government to promote civilian marksmanship in support of national defence. In Norwegian, the biathlon is called
750:
the event has all four legs being either 6 km (3.7 mi) or 7.5 km (4.7 mi). This event was added to the
Olympics starting in
399:
184:(the Trysil Rifle and Ski Club), was formed in Norway in 1861 to promote national defense at the local level. 20th century variants include
352:
912:
The IBU maintains biathlon records, rules, news, videos, and statistics for many years back, all of which are available at its web site.
251:
247:
243:
235:
112:
1287:
629:. The races are 15 km for men and 12.5 km for women, and for each missed target, 45 seconds will be added to the skiing time.
333:
733:
The mixed relay is similar to the ordinary relay, but the teams are composed of two women and two men. From its first instance at the
1988:
1244:
829:
1612:
2680:
1952:
931:
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of 150 m must be skied before continuing the race. As in the individual competition, the biathletes start in intervals.
1456:
881:
121:
1783:
459:
279:
1191:
1158:
464:
1382:
764:
734:
706:(IBU) competition formats. The Mass Start with 60 starters does not replace the current Mass Start with 30 starters.
1528:
1128:
2214:
1945:
1491:
557:
2018:
449:
434:
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1776:
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742:
738:
223:, a cross-country race at 12 km with large-caliber rifle shooting at various targets with unknown range.
2655:
889:
784:
Biathlon events are broadcast most regularly where the sport enjoys its greatest popularity, namely Germany (
2013:
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439:
341:
139:
54:
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801:
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In the Olympics, all cross-country skiing techniques are permitted in the biathlon, allowing the use of
2525:
2138:
897:
377:
1357:
904:, which also broadcasts to the Asia-Pacific region. World Cup races are streamed via the IBU website.
164:
91:
2315:
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1857:
1716:
1207:
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2305:
1862:
837:
741:, the first two legs were always run by the women, followed by the men on legs 3 and 4. Since the
516:
to the contestant's total skiing distance/time. The contestant with the shortest total time wins.
1589:
1232:
625:
A variation of the standard individual race, called short individual, was introduced during the
278:
in 1992, women were first allowed in the Olympic biathlon. The pursuit format was added for the
2320:
2143:
877:
797:
1276:
2629:
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1926:
1804:
941:
533:
In order to keep track of the contestants' progress and relative standing throughout a race,
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49:
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2580:
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283:
275:
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231:
600:
Ear protection is not required during biathlon shooting as the ammunition used is usually
8:
2371:
2300:
936:
849:
601:
480:
239:
1563:
340:
and from 1953 also biathlon. In July 1993, the biathlon branch of the UIPMB created the
2447:
2219:
2174:
2084:
1906:
1515:
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857:
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444:
308:
297:
584:
The target range shooting distance is 50 m (55 yd). There are five circular
2650:
1983:
1922:
1305:
1187:
991:
793:
337:
324:
were approved as an alternative to paper or mechanical steel targets for IBU events.
321:
710:
and all competitors shoot remaining prone, and two stands together. Or more simply:
301:
2340:
2262:
2234:
2058:
1884:
1825:
667:
74:
1698:; with race results/statistics, TV schedules, live competition results, and so on.
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418:
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227:
143:
116:
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2159:
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675:
605:
589:
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562:
404:
363:
305:
177:
2644:
2515:
2483:
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2381:
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2242:
2204:
2123:
2108:
2089:
1998:
1874:
1800:
1768:
1032:
813:
507:
The complete rules of the biathlon are given in the official IBU rule books.
107:
662:
2597:
2575:
2396:
2292:
2267:
2209:
2179:
2164:
2128:
2053:
1972:
1899:
1006:
873:
381:
370:
135:
1937:
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2412:
2356:
2063:
2025:
1894:
1847:
1136:
893:
716:
Bib 31–60 = lap, lap, shoot1, lap, shoot2, lap, shoot3, lap, shoot4, lap
593:
574:
423:
169:
713:
Bib 1–30 = lap, shoot1, lap, lap, shoot2, lap, shoot3, lap, shoot4, lap
2520:
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2422:
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2330:
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2030:
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1181:
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290:
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1001:
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785:
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2432:
2417:
971:
885:
869:
853:
194:
37:
20:
2570:
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2427:
2310:
2247:
2133:
1832:
1742:
967:
Other multi-discipline sports (otherwise unrelated to biathlon):
861:
833:
809:
454:
267:
255:
154:
24:
1732:
1638:
1968:
1869:
1691:
1663:
1159:"Cold War, Hot Borders: The Shooting War That the Russians Won"
1099:
1011:
845:
841:
817:
385:
356:
198:
1724:
1245:"IBU Congress: Olle Dahlin (SWE) elected as new IBU President"
230:, the combination of skiing and shooting was contested at the
2500:
1747:
821:
95:
1737:
1326:"Competition format and rules: Biathlon, as of January 2018"
422:
Transition from downhill at the 2012 World Championships in
1842:
173:
1529:"International Biathlon Union Event And Competition Rules"
1481:"International Biathlon Union Event and Competition Rules"
344:(IBU), which officially separated from the UIPMB in 1998.
2442:
1708:
1274:
1233:
New Season, New Rules: International Biathlon Union – IBU
789:
87:
1073:, translated by W. Edson Richmond. Oslo: Samlaget, 1993.
1088:(Encyclopedia of Sports), Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget, 1990
588:
to be hit in each shooting round. When shooting in the
1514:
Pursuit competition start intervals are determined by
168:, the biathlon "is rooted in the skiing traditions of
336:(UIPM) was founded to standardize the rules for the
282:, and the IBU added mixed relay as a format for the
270:, and in 1960 the sport was finally included in the
1607:
1605:
289:The competitions from 1958 to 1965 used high-power
217:). In Norway, there are still separate contests in
907:
197:variant of the old military combined exercise. In
158:Norwegian ski-soldier (Drawing published in 1811).
1183:Two Skis and a Rifle: An Introduction to Biathlon
1081:
1079:
565:to verify and optimize team-member shot placement
2642:
1602:
1534:. International Biathlon Union. p.27;sec.1.7.6.
948:, Nordic biathlon variants using fullbore rifles
604:. An eyecup (blinder) is an optional feature of
42:Biathletes in the shooting area of a competition
218:
208:
202:
185:
1798:
1076:
1953:
1784:
1613:"Single Mixed Relay: an Exciting New Format"
1383:"US Biathlon Association Coaches' Education"
526:Adding one minute to the skier's total time.
1967:
1310:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1960:
1946:
1791:
1777:
201:, the biathlon was until 1984 a branch of
1989:Glossary of skiing and snowboarding terms
16:Winter sport of skiing and rifle shooting
2534:
1702:
1179:
1050:
661:
556:
417:
153:
1208:"Biathlon: a sport on the cutting edge"
702:, the Mass Start 60 became part of the
2643:
1694: – A cooperation between IBU and
470:
172:, where early inhabitants revered the
1941:
1772:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1355:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1156:
1097:
932:List of Olympic medalists in biathlon
757:
611:
334:International Modern Pentathlon Union
1564:"I (BU) got new rules, I count 'em!"
1457:"International Biathlon Union – IBU"
1123:
1121:
1119:
1018:
900:); it is broadcast on European-wide
1661:
1587:
952:Biathlon's two sports disciplines:
552:
460:Biathlon Junior World Championships
280:2002 Salt Lake City Winter Olympics
13:
1617:International Biathlon Union – IBU
1461:International Biathlon Union – IBU
1437:International Biathlon Union – IBU
1420:
1275:11TH Regular IBU Congress (2014).
1261:
1249:International Biathlon Union – IBU
1086:Kunnskapsforlagets idrettsleksikon
770:
465:Biathlon at the Winter Universiade
320:. For the 2018–2019 season, fully
182:Trysil Skytte- og Skiløberforening
14:
2697:
1685:
1636:
1380:
1116:
540:
510:
327:
69:Single competitors or relay teams
2625:
2624:
2615:
2614:
1799:
693:
493:
479:
413:
36:
1655:
1630:
1581:
1556:
1541:from the original on 2022-10-09
1521:
1508:
1473:
1449:
1410:
1399:from the original on 2022-10-09
1374:
1349:
1318:
1293:from the original on 2022-10-09
1237:
1226:
1157:Frank, William D. (June 2009).
908:Biathlon records and statistics
779:
641:
450:Biathlon European Championships
435:Biathlon at the Winter Olympics
254:, during which time Norway and
1670:. International Biathlon Union
1200:
1173:
1150:
1091:
1063:
1025:
728:
1:
1433:"Some Changes at the IBU Cup"
1033:"History, Rules, & Facts"
737:in 2005 until the end of the
684:
616:
347:Presidents of the UIPMB/IBU:
2681:Sports originating in Norway
1643:International Biathlon Union
1488:International Biathlon Union
1284:International Biathlon Union
957:Cross-country skiing (sport)
927:Biathlon World Championships
704:International Biathlon Union
440:Biathlon World Championships
342:International Biathlon Union
55:International Biathlon Union
7:
915:
264:Biathlon World Championship
204:Det frivillige Skyttervesen
10:
2702:
1392:. US Biathlon. p. 6.
1390:www.anchoragenordicski.com
1180:Nordvall, Michael (2017).
1098:Bryhn, Rolf (2014-09-28),
673:
666:World Cup pursuit race in
657:
149:
18:
2610:
2473:
2405:
2349:
2291:
2233:
2192:
2152:
2116:
2107:
2072:
2046:
2006:
1997:
1979:
1915:
1811:
1738:U.S. Biathlon Association
1709:Belarusian Biathlon Union
1071:Skiing throughout history
1056:Bergsland, Einar (1946):
632:
193:The modern biathlon is a
106:
101:
83:
73:
65:
60:
47:
35:
719:
648:2017–18 Biathlon IBU Cup
627:2018–19 Biathlon IBU Cup
19:Not to be confused with
1590:"New Season, New Rules"
1163:Skiing Heritage Journal
1037:Encyclopedia Britannica
165:Encyclopædia Britannica
1725:Russian Biathlon Union
1717:Russian Biathlon Union
1331:. 2018. Archived from
878:Bosnia and Herzegovina
671:
566:
426:
219:
209:
203:
186:
159:
2686:Winter Olympic sports
2676:Rifle shooting sports
2630:Category:Snowboarding
1927:Summer Olympic sports
1805:Winter Olympic sports
1703:National Associations
1664:"The Biathlon Family"
1286:. pp. 4–8, 4–9.
1104:Store norske leksikon
962:Rifle shooting sports
942:Nordic field biathlon
665:
561:Biathlon coaches use
560:
421:
157:
2656:Cross-country skiing
2350:Technique / learning
2080:Cross-country skiing
2014:Cross-country skiing
314:1980 Winter Olympics
266:was held in 1958 in
232:Winter Olympic Games
140:cross-country skiing
2117:Olympic disciplines
937:Paralympic biathlon
735:world championships
573:ammunition and are
471:Rules and equipment
50:governing body
32:
2448:List of ski brands
2220:Ski mountaineering
2175:Para-alpine skiing
2085:Backcountry skiing
1907:Ski mountaineering
1764:BiathlonFrance.com
1588:IBU (2018-08-02).
1570:. October 28, 2018
1358:"Top 10 Questions"
1214:. 23 February 2015
1129:"Biathlon History"
922:Biathlon World Cup
758:Single mixed relay
672:
646:Introduced at the
612:Competition format
567:
445:Biathlon World Cup
427:
322:electronic targets
298:.30-06 Springfield
160:
30:
2638:
2637:
2606:
2605:
2188:
2187:
2153:Other disciplines
2103:
2102:
1984:History of skiing
1935:
1934:
1923:Paralympic sports
1692:Biathlonworld.Com
1668:biathlonworld.com
1019:Notes and sources
992:Modern pentathlon
500:Standing position
398:Since 2018:
338:modern pentathlon
128:
127:
2693:
2628:
2627:
2618:
2617:
2532:
2531:
2341:Snowboard racing
2263:Half-pipe skiing
2235:Freestyle skiing
2114:
2113:
2059:Ski orienteering
2004:
2003:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1939:
1938:
1803:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1770:
1769:
1760:
1756:Biathlon Ukraine
1752:
1748:Biathlon Ukraine
1729:
1721:
1713:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1659:
1653:
1652:
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1649:
1634:
1628:
1627:
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1623:
1609:
1600:
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1575:
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1553:
1547:
1546:
1540:
1533:
1525:
1519:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1496:
1490:. Archived from
1485:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1429:
1418:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1404:
1398:
1387:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1362:Jackson Biathlon
1353:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1343:
1337:
1330:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1309:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1292:
1281:
1272:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1241:
1235:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1135:. Archived from
1125:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1100:"skifeltskyting"
1095:
1089:
1083:
1074:
1067:
1061:
1060:Oslo: Aschehoug.
1054:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1029:
700:2018/2019 season
698:Starting in the
668:Oberhof, Germany
586:shooting targets
553:Shooting details
497:
483:
408:
393:Anders Besseberg
222:
212:
206:
189:
40:
33:
29:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2661:Military sports
2641:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2620:Category:Skiing
2602:
2530:
2469:
2401:
2345:
2336:Snowboard cross
2287:
2229:
2225:Telemark skiing
2184:
2148:
2099:
2068:
2042:
2038:Nordic combined
1993:
1975:
1966:
1936:
1931:
1911:
1890:Nordic combined
1807:
1797:
1758:
1750:
1743:Biathlon Russia
1733:Biathlon Canada
1727:
1719:
1711:
1705:
1688:
1683:
1682:
1673:
1671:
1660:
1656:
1647:
1645:
1635:
1631:
1621:
1619:
1611:
1610:
1603:
1594:
1592:
1586:
1582:
1573:
1571:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1516:common rounding
1513:
1509:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1483:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1465:
1463:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1441:
1439:
1431:
1430:
1421:
1415:
1411:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1385:
1379:
1375:
1366:
1364:
1354:
1350:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1303:
1302:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1279:
1273:
1262:
1253:
1251:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1231:
1227:
1217:
1215:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1194:
1178:
1174:
1155:
1151:
1142:
1140:
1127:
1126:
1117:
1109:
1107:
1096:
1092:
1084:
1077:
1068:
1064:
1055:
1051:
1042:
1040:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1014:(track cycling)
977:Nordic Combined
918:
910:
782:
773:
771:Team (obsolete)
760:
731:
722:
696:
687:
678:
660:
644:
635:
619:
614:
606:biathlon rifles
563:spotting scopes
555:
543:
513:
505:
504:
503:
502:
501:
498:
489:
488:
487:
484:
473:
416:
402:
330:
228:military patrol
152:
120:
117:military patrol
61:Characteristics
43:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2699:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2622:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2583:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2557:
2556:
2546:
2544:Aerial tramway
2540:
2538:
2529:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2486:
2480:
2478:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2297:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2239:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2160:Extreme skiing
2156:
2154:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2120:
2118:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2010:
2008:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1965:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1942:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1853:figure skating
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1818:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1796:
1795:
1788:
1781:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1753:
1751:(in Ukrainian)
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1722:
1714:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1687:
1686:External links
1684:
1681:
1680:
1654:
1629:
1601:
1580:
1555:
1548:. p. 27:
1520:
1507:
1472:
1448:
1419:
1409:
1373:
1356:Staff (2018).
1348:
1317:
1260:
1236:
1225:
1199:
1193:978-1386671152
1192:
1172:
1149:
1115:
1106:(in Norwegian)
1090:
1075:
1062:
1049:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
965:
964:
959:
950:
949:
946:moose biathlon
939:
934:
929:
924:
917:
914:
909:
906:
781:
778:
772:
769:
759:
756:
730:
727:
721:
718:
695:
692:
686:
683:
676:Pursuit racing
674:Main article:
659:
656:
643:
640:
634:
631:
618:
615:
613:
610:
590:prone position
554:
551:
542:
541:Skiing details
539:
531:
530:
527:
524:
512:
511:Basic concepts
509:
499:
492:
491:
490:
486:Prone position
485:
478:
477:
476:
475:
474:
472:
469:
468:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
415:
412:
411:
410:
396:
389:
374:
367:
364:Gustaf Dyrssen
360:
329:
328:Governing body
326:
306:.22 Long Rifle
302:7.62×51mm NATO
296:, such as the
220:skifeltskyting
187:Forsvarsrennet
174:Norse god Ullr
151:
148:
144:rifle shooting
138:that combines
126:
125:
110:
104:
103:
99:
98:
85:
81:
80:
77:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
58:
57:
52:
45:
44:
41:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2698:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2631:
2623:
2621:
2613:
2612:
2609:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2516:Snow grooming
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2484:Dry ski slope
2482:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2392:Ski simulator
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2382:Stem christie
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2367:Parallel turn
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2243:Aerial skiing
2241:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2205:Indoor skiing
2203:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2109:Alpine skiing
2106:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2090:Roller skiing
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1999:Nordic skiing
1996:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1963:
1958:
1956:
1951:
1949:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1908:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1880:cross-country
1878:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1868:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1794:
1789:
1787:
1782:
1780:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1765:
1762:
1757:
1754:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1726:
1723:
1718:
1715:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1697:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1669:
1665:
1658:
1644:
1640:
1633:
1618:
1614:
1608:
1606:
1591:
1584:
1569:
1565:
1559:
1552:
1537:
1530:
1524:
1517:
1511:
1497:on 2019-02-14
1493:
1489:
1482:
1476:
1462:
1458:
1452:
1438:
1434:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1413:
1395:
1391:
1384:
1377:
1363:
1359:
1352:
1338:on 2018-02-13
1334:
1327:
1321:
1313:
1307:
1289:
1285:
1278:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1250:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1229:
1213:
1209:
1203:
1195:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1176:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1153:
1139:on 2011-10-04
1138:
1134:
1130:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1105:
1101:
1094:
1087:
1082:
1080:
1072:
1066:
1059:
1053:
1038:
1034:
1028:
1024:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
969:
968:
963:
960:
958:
955:
954:
953:
947:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
919:
913:
905:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
777:
768:
766:
755:
753:
749:
744:
740:
736:
726:
717:
714:
711:
707:
705:
701:
694:Mass start 60
691:
682:
677:
669:
664:
655:
651:
649:
639:
630:
628:
623:
609:
607:
603:
598:
595:
591:
587:
582:
580:
576:
572:
564:
559:
550:
548:
538:
536:
528:
525:
522:
521:
520:
517:
508:
496:
482:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
432:
431:
425:
420:
414:Championships
406:
401:
397:
394:
390:
387:
383:
379:
375:
372:
368:
365:
361:
358:
354:
350:
349:
348:
345:
343:
339:
335:
332:In 1948, the
325:
323:
319:
315:
310:
307:
304:, before the
303:
299:
295:
292:
287:
285:
284:2006 Olympics
281:
277:
273:
272:Olympic Games
269:
265:
260:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
224:
221:
216:
211:
205:
200:
196:
191:
188:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
166:
162:According to
156:
147:
145:
141:
137:
133:
123:
118:
114:
111:
109:
105:
100:
97:
93:
89:
86:
82:
78:
76:
72:
68:
64:
59:
56:
53:
51:
46:
39:
34:
26:
22:
2598:Surface lift
2576:Gondola lift
2397:Skate skiing
2293:Snowboarding
2210:Night skiing
2199:
2193:Other skiing
2180:Speed skiing
2165:Glade skiing
2129:Giant slalom
2073:Recreational
2054:Ski marathon
1973:snowboarding
1919:
1900:snowboarding
1815:
1759:(in English)
1728:(in English)
1720:(in Russian)
1712:(in Russian)
1672:. Retrieved
1667:
1662:IBU (2016).
1657:
1646:. Retrieved
1642:
1632:
1620:. Retrieved
1616:
1593:. Retrieved
1583:
1572:. Retrieved
1567:
1558:
1549:
1543:. Retrieved
1523:
1510:
1499:. Retrieved
1492:the original
1487:
1475:
1464:. Retrieved
1460:
1451:
1440:. Retrieved
1436:
1412:
1401:. Retrieved
1389:
1376:
1365:. Retrieved
1361:
1351:
1340:. Retrieved
1333:the original
1320:
1295:. Retrieved
1283:
1252:. Retrieved
1248:
1239:
1228:
1216:. Retrieved
1211:
1202:
1182:
1175:
1166:
1162:
1152:
1141:. Retrieved
1137:the original
1132:
1108:, retrieved
1103:
1093:
1085:
1070:
1065:
1057:
1052:
1041:. Retrieved
1039:. 1998-07-20
1036:
1027:
1007:Chess boxing
966:
951:
911:
844:), Ukraine (
804:), Finland (
792:), Austria (
783:
780:Broadcasting
774:
761:
732:
723:
715:
712:
708:
697:
688:
679:
652:
645:
642:Super Sprint
636:
624:
620:
599:
583:
568:
547:skate skiing
544:
532:
518:
514:
506:
428:
378:Igor Novikov
371:Sven Thofelt
346:
331:
288:
261:
240:demonstrated
225:
215:ski shooting
214:
192:
181:
163:
161:
136:winter sport
131:
129:
124:(officially)
66:Team members
2666:Multisports
2593:Hybrid lift
2357:Carved turn
2306:Backcountry
2215:Ski archery
2064:Ski touring
2026:Ski jumping
2007:Competitive
1895:ski jumping
1858:short-track
1277:"IBU Rules"
1212:olympic.org
1169:(2): 36–41.
1133:US Biathlon
894:South Korea
858:Channel One
852:), Russia (
848:), Sweden (
840:), Poland (
802:L'Équipe 21
800:), France (
796:), Norway (
748:2019 season
743:2018 season
739:2017 season
729:Mixed relay
575:bolt action
535:split times
424:Kontiolahti
403: [
400:Olle Dahlin
391:1992–2018:
376:1988–1992:
369:1960–1988:
362:1949–1960:
351:1947–1949:
318:Lake Placid
276:Albertville
213:(literally
170:Scandinavia
2645:Categories
2554:detachable
2521:Snowmaking
2511:Ski tunnel
2387:Ski school
2377:Snowplough
2372:Pivot turn
2331:Slopestyle
2316:Freeriding
2283:Slopestyle
2273:Ski ballet
2258:Freeskiing
2253:Freeriding
2170:Heliskiing
2031:Ski flying
2019:Paralympic
1863:long-track
1838:Ice hockey
1674:2017-02-11
1648:2018-12-19
1595:2021-02-10
1574:2018-12-19
1568:biathlon23
1545:2021-02-13
1501:2019-11-07
1466:2019-02-03
1442:2019-02-03
1403:2018-12-19
1367:2018-12-19
1342:2018-03-30
1297:2018-12-19
1254:2018-12-19
1218:25 January
1143:2020-03-07
1110:2018-12-19
1069:Bø, Olav:
1043:2023-12-14
997:Heptathlon
987:Pentathlon
685:Mass start
617:Individual
353:Tom Wiborn
294:cartridges
291:centrefire
262:The first
210:skiskyting
2561:Funicular
2549:Chairlift
2536:Ski lifts
2494:Superpipe
2489:Half-pipe
2477:amenities
2455:Snowboard
2406:Equipment
2362:Jump turn
2326:Half-pipe
2321:Freestyle
2278:Ski cross
2095:Skijoring
2047:Endurance
1920:See also:
1885:freestyle
1821:Bobsleigh
1002:Decathlon
982:Triathlon
902:Eurosport
826:Lithuania
238:and then
84:Equipment
75:Mixed-sex
2651:Biathlon
2586:tricable
2506:Ski area
2413:Bindings
2200:Biathlon
2144:Combined
2139:Downhill
1826:skeleton
1816:Biathlon
1622:16 March
1536:Archived
1417:(Canada)
1394:Archived
1306:cite web
1288:Archived
972:Duathlon
916:See also
886:Bulgaria
870:Slovenia
854:Match TV
602:subsonic
409:(Sweden)
395:(Norway)
373:(Sweden)
366:(Sweden)
300:and the
195:civilian
178:military
132:biathlon
102:Presence
48:Highest
31:Biathlon
21:Duathlon
2581:bicable
2571:Funitel
2566:Funifor
2428:Monoski
2311:Big air
2248:Big air
2134:Super-G
1848:Skating
1833:Curling
1637:Staff.
1381:Staff.
1058:På ski.
892:), and
862:Belarus
834:Croatia
810:Estonia
670:, 2013.
658:Pursuit
579:Fortner
455:IBU Cup
309:rimfire
268:Austria
256:Finland
226:Called
150:History
108:Olympic
25:Biathle
2671:Racing
2475:Resort
2423:Helmet
2301:Alpine
2124:Slalom
1969:Skiing
1875:alpine
1870:Skiing
1190:
1012:Omnium
846:UA:PBC
842:Polsat
818:Latvia
633:Sprint
571:.22 LR
386:Russia
357:Sweden
250:, and
199:Norway
2526:Trail
2501:Piste
2438:Skins
2433:Poles
2418:Boots
2268:Mogul
1639:"IBU"
1539:(PDF)
1532:(PDF)
1495:(PDF)
1484:(PDF)
1397:(PDF)
1386:(PDF)
1336:(PDF)
1329:(PDF)
1291:(PDF)
1280:(PDF)
720:Relay
407:]
274:. At
134:is a
96:rifle
92:poles
2460:Suit
2443:Skis
1971:and
1925:and
1843:Luge
1624:2019
1312:link
1220:2018
1188:ISBN
944:and
882:BHRT
765:2019
752:2014
594:mrad
382:USSR
252:1948
248:1936
244:1928
236:1924
142:and
130:The
122:1960
113:1924
88:Skis
2465:Wax
1696:EBU
898:KBS
890:BNT
884:),
876:),
874:RTV
868:),
866:TVR
860:),
850:SVT
838:HRT
832:),
830:LRT
824:),
822:LTV
816:),
814:ETV
808:),
806:YLE
798:NRK
794:ORF
790:ZDF
786:ARD
577:or
316:in
242:in
234:in
79:Yes
23:or
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1961:e
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1947:v
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