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inner ceiling and the outer cupola. This dome construction allowed the main hall of the mosque to be committed to the proportions and the aesthetics of the 30 m high interior above the mihrab. Meanwhile, the 40 m high outer dome of the main building could be designed for maximal impression and visibility. This scheme was applied also to the lateral dome structures that allowed making modest buildings the figuration tower-like structures with elegant melon-shaped and longitudinally ribbed outer domes.
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309:, cancelled all restoration works in Bibi-Khanym Mosque. After that, the mosque slowly deteriorated and became a ruins gnawed at by the wind, weather, and earthquakes. The inner arch of the portal construction finally collapsed in an earthquake in 1897. During the centuries the ruins were plundered by the inhabitants of Samarkand in search of building material, especially the brick of the masonry galleries along with the marble columns.
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353:. The iwan does not allow getting inside the underlying construction supporting the dome; this can only be done from the sides. Two other domes associated with the iwans, more modest in size, face the center of the long sides of the courtyard. Thus the Bibi-Khanym Mosque implements the classic architectural type of the "
349:. A monumental dome above a square base, around 40 m high, rises on the opposite site of the courtyard. The dome is the largest cupola of the mosque. Nevertheless, the dome cannot be seen from the courtyard, for whole building is covered up from inside by the grandiose pischtak, which framed a monumental, deeply embedded
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In the construction of three domes of Bibi-Khanym mosque, sophisticated in Timur's time, one important innovation was applied: a two-fold construction, where the internal dome hall neither by the form nor by height corresponds to the dome's shape from outside. There is a hollow space between the
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From the beginning of the construction, problems of structural integrity of the structure revealed themselves. Various reconstructions and reinforcements were undertaken in order to save the mosque. However, after just a few years, the first bricks had begun to fall out of the huge dome over the
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Formerly, there were open galleries measuring 7.2 m high inside the courtyard. Their cover was formed from the juxtaposition of many small, flat brick vaults and domes supported by a forest of more than 400 marble columns and buttresses. Today, only hints of the galleries can be seen.
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According to the manuscripts, the mosque was erected by the order of Timur in 1399–1405. It possesses the traits typical for many Muslim medieval constructions, especially aivanyard compositions. The mosque follows the basic plan of the
287:. When Timur returned from his military campaign in 1404 the mosque was almost completed. However, Timur was not happy with the progress of construction, and immediately had various changes made, especially on the main cupola.
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A first basic investigation into securing the ruins was made in Soviet times. Late in the 20th century, the Uzbek government began restoration of three dome buildings and the main portal. In 1974 the government of the
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The interiors of the mosque contain gilding, imitating local brocade embroideries. Bibi-Khanym mosque was one of the most ambitious architectural projects of the
Timurid period and influenced the architecture of
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at the outer corners of the site have been restored. Four other, more majestic minarets that flanked the Portal arch of the entrance and the
Pischtak of the main domed building are not completed yet.
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The huge Bibi-Khanym Mosque with its three domed rooms, the covered galleries and the open courtyard was intended to gather the entire male population of
Samarkand city for the joint Friday prayers.
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began the complex reconstruction of the mosque. The decoration of domes and facades was extensively restored and supplemented. During these restorations, a band of inscriptions revealing
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mosque. Its outer walls enclose a rectangular area which measures 167 metres (182.63 yards) in length and 109 metres (119.20 yards) wide and runs roughly from northeast to southwest—the
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mihrab. The scale of Timur's plans pushed the building techniques of the time to their limit, and the building's integrity was not helped by the rushed nature of its construction.
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In the middle of the courtyard is located the stone pedestal—the huge Quran stand—crafted from ornate marble blocks. This remarkable sight originates from the time of Timur.
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was added to the main sanctuary iwan of the mosque. As of 2016, work on the mosque restoration was ongoing.
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Entering the mosque from the northeast through the vast (35 metres high) parade portal leads to the
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accordingly. However the size of the site vacant of covered galleries was only 78 by 64 meters.
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Alfred Renz: Geschichte und Stätten des Islam von
Spanien bis Indien. Prestel, München 1977.
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283:(Tamerlane) decided to undertake the construction of a gigantic mosque in his new capital,
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Windows on the house of Islam : Muslim sources on spirituality and religious life
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223:. In the 15th century, it was one of the largest and most magnificent mosques in the
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938:"Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and National Heritage"
741:"Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and National Heritage"
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A photograph taken sometime between 1905 and 1915 by color photography pioneer
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629:Зохидов, Пўлат: Темур даврининг меъморий кахкашони. Тошкент: Шарқ 1966. p. 57
620:Зохидов, Пўлат: Темур даврининг меъморий кахкашони. Тошкент: Шарқ 1966. p. 59
521:Зохидов, Пўлат: Темур даврининг меъморий кахкашони. Тошкент: Шарқ 1966. p. 58
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shows the mosque's appearance after its collapse in the earthquake of 1897.
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305:(Abdollah Khan Ozbeg) (1533/4-1598), the last Shaybanid Dynasty Khan of
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947:. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
750:. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
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530:Самарканд. Бухара. Галина Пугаченкова. «Искусство» 1968 г. p. 30
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909:"Epigraphic restorations of Timurid architectural heritage"
687:"Epigraphic restorations of Timurid architectural heritage"
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600:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 246.
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Religious buildings and structures completed in 1404
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571:. Steppes Travel. March 22, 2006. Archived from
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663:. iExplore.com. July 14, 2001. Archived from
447:Bibi-Khanym Mausoleum in front of the mosque
918:. International Institute for Asian Studies
696:. International Institute for Asian Studies
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961:Bibi-Khanym Mosque photos and information
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227:. It is considered a masterpiece of the
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294:Timur named the mosque after his wife,
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976:Square Kufic on the Bibi Khanum Mosque
884:Hrbas, Miloš; Knobloch, Edgar (1965).
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1635:Buildings and structures in Samarkand
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1278:Battle of the Kondurcha River (1391)
790:"In Pictures: Samarkand, Uzbekistan"
244:Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii
858:Burnett, Doug (September 7, 2000).
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1397:Revolt of Abdal-Latif Mirza (1449)
1315:Battle of the Chirciq River (1488)
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1531:Khanqah of Baha ad-Din Naqshbandi
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768:"Bibi-Khanym Mosque in Samarkand"
543:. Stantours.com. April 24, 2002.
1350:Battle of Qalat-i-Ghilzai (1505)
1290:Invasions of Georgia (1386-1403)
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1450:Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi
1340:Battle of Ab Darrah Pass (1511)
1283:Battle of the Terek River(1395)
1235:Ibrahim Mirza bin Ala-ud-Daulah
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862:. BootsnAll.com. Archived from
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788:Carillet, Joel (June 6, 2006).
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27:Mosque in Samarkand, Uzbekistan
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500:. Skiouros.net. Archived from
301:In the late 16th century, the
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1589:Timurid relations with Europe
1521:Blue Mosque of Mazar-i-Sharif
1205:Sultan Muhammad bin Baysonqor
860:"Uzbekistan 2000 – Samarkand"
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792:. Gather.com. Archived from
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1412:Battle of Farhadgerd (1449)
1305:Siege of Shahrukhiya (1461)
1300:Battle of Nakhchivan (1406)
1240:Sultan Husayn Mirza Bayqara
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435:Northern iwan of the mosque
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1387:Occupation of Balkh (1447)
1361:Timurid wars of succession
1345:Battle of Ghazdewan (1512)
1325:Battle of Sar-e-Pul (1501)
815:Соборная мечеть Биби-Ханым
715:S., Samhita (2016-06-13).
596:Renard, John, ed. (1998).
423:Western iwan of the mosque
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1432:Battle of Akhsi (1502-03)
1427:Siege of Samarkand (1494)
1377:Battle of Nishapur (1447)
1330:Siege of Samarkand (1501)
1320:Siege of Samarkand (1497)
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1372:Battle of Damghan (1447)
1310:Battle of Qarabagh(1469)
479:History of Persian domes
1557:Turco-Persian tradition
1382:Battle of Tarnab (1448)
1355:Battle of Bajaur (1519)
1295:Battle of Ankara (1402)
966:360° view of the mosque
888:The Art of Central Asia
259:Courtyard of the mosque
103:Shown within Uzbekistan
1562:Indo-Persian tradition
1552:Turco-Mongol tradition
1210:Abul-Qasim Babur Mirza
1062:Juma Mosque (Tashkent)
971:Location of the mosque
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113:Geographic coordinates
1630:Mosques in Uzbekistan
1599:Karsakpay inscription
1511:Great Mosque of Herat
1499:Herat Musalla Complex
1487:Ulugh Beg Observatory
1460:Registan of Samarkand
1407:Siege of Herat (1448)
1402:Siege of Balkh (1447)
1392:Siege of Herat (1448)
1367:Siege of Balkh (1447)
1335:Siege of Kabul (1504)
1266:Siege of Balkh (1370)
1259:Battles and conflicts
1245:Yadgar Muhammad Mirza
1077:Magok-i-Attari Mosque
1012:Mosques in Uzbekistan
578:on September 30, 2007
504:on September 28, 2007
474:Tourism in Uzbekistan
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135:39.66056°N 66.97917°E
1625:15th-century mosques
1272:Tokhtamysh–Timur war
1250:Badi' al-Zaman Mirza
1082:Magok-i-Kurpa Mosque
667:on December 22, 2007
661:"Bibi Khanym Mosque"
640:"Bibi Khanym Mosque"
498:"Bibi-Khanym mosque"
1584:Timurid Renaissance
1225:Sultan Mahmud Mirza
1109:Islam in Uzbekistan
1057:Juma Mosque (Khiva)
826:Bibi-Khanym Mosque
229:Timurid Renaissance
186:Dome height (outer)
131: /
1455:Bibi-Khanym Mosque
1220:Sultan Ahmed Mirza
1114:Mosques by country
1042:Bibi-Khanym Mosque
907:Paskaleva, Elena.
892:. Hamlyn. p.
820:2007-11-21 at the
685:Paskaleva, Elena.
566:"Highlights of CA"
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140:39.66056; 66.97917
33:Bibi-Khanym Mosque
18:Bibi Khanum Mosque
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1230:Mirza Shah Mahmud
1195:Abdal-Latif Mirza
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642:. TripAdvisor.com
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920:. Retrieved
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411:General view
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151:Architecture
1579:Timurid art
1572:family tree
1470:Shakhrisabz
721:TripAdvisor
392:Afghanistan
138: /
53:Affiliation
1614:Categories
1547:Persianate
1465:Gur-e-Amir
1052:Chor Minor
945:unesco.org
870:2007-04-06
813:Muzey.uz,
800:2007-04-06
773:October 6,
748:unesco.org
726:2018-07-18
671:2007-04-06
646:2007-04-06
582:2007-04-06
551:2007-04-06
508:2007-04-06
485:References
459:Gur-e Amir
275:After his
221:Uzbekistan
126:66°58′45″E
123:39°39′38″N
77:Uzbekistan
1190:Ulugh Beg
1185:Shah Rukh
1032:Ak Mosque
922:6 October
916:iias.asia
700:6 October
694:iias.asia
347:courtyard
336:courtyard
315:Uzbek SSR
285:Samarkand
279:in 1399,
217:Samarkand
178:Completed
73:Samarkand
1540:See also
1504:Minarets
1163:Emperors
1104:Category
818:Archived
545:Archived
469:Registan
453:See also
366:minarets
69:Location
64:Location
47:Religion
398:Gallery
321:of the
307:Bukhara
251:History
209:Persian
172:Timurid
844:
604:
267:Stone
160:mosque
1170:Timur
941:(PDF)
912:(PDF)
894:20–22
744:(PDF)
690:(PDF)
576:(PDF)
569:(PDF)
364:Four
340:Qibla
323:Quran
313:then-
281:Timur
271:stand
269:Koran
201:Uzbek
167:Style
58:Islam
924:2018
842:ISBN
775:2015
702:2018
602:ISBN
390:and
388:Iran
351:iwan
195:The
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181:1404
156:Type
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