253:. Situated at nearly 7,000 feet (2,100 m) above sea level, Huntington would store water from Big Creek to power two hydroelectric plants in the canyon thousands of feet below. These plants, Big Creek Powerhouse No. 1 and No. 2, would be located on two small forebay dams known as Dam 4 and Dam 5. By late summer, the workforce had grown to about 3,500 men spread across twelve camps in the High Sierra. Work proceeded at a rapid pace because of the tight budget: the project had to start producing electricity so as to pay for itself before the company's funds ran out. The budget was further strained because the gravity dams required much more concrete to build than the originally proposed multiple-arch design.
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station would be 20 miles (32 km) long) and by 1901 Eastwood ceased to promote this plan. Following this, Eastwood began to draw up much grander plans for a hydroelectric system encompassing the entire upper San
Joaquin River basin. Instead of a single large power plant – which would require an extensive tunnel and a big dam – he decided to split the system into a series of smaller reservoirs, where power would be generated in a stairstep fashion. This time, he finally found an investor willing to fund the audacious project.
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107:, who first surveyed the upper San Joaquin River system in the late 1880s and mapped potential sites for reservoirs and hydroelectric plants. In 1895, Eastwood became chief engineer at the San Joaquin Electric Company which made an effort to develop a hydroelectric project on the North Fork of the San Joaquin River. However, they lacked the capital to build a storage dam and when a drought hit, the North Fork dried up, leading to the financial failure of that project.
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76:'s Pacific Light and Power Company (PL&P). Construction of the system's facilities started in 1911, and the first power was transmitted to Los Angeles in 1913. After SCE acquired PL&P in 1917, the system was gradually expanded to its present size, with the last powerhouse coming on line in 1987. Today, these facilities include 27 dams, miles of tunnels, and 24 generating units in nine powerhouses with a total installed capacity of more than 1,000
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157:. However, "they may simply have viewed him as a mere technician who had performed his function at Big Creek and was no longer needed." Then in 1912 Eastwood was removed from PL&P altogether when Huntington assessed all shares valued at $ 5 in order to finance the project. Eastwood was unable to pay his resulting $ 27,000 assessment and was forced to give up his stake. Nevertheless, PL&P retained his original plans for the project.
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201:, who owned nearly a 1,000,000 acres (400,000 ha) in the valley – that the dams would increase rather than decrease the amount of water available for their use. In August 1906, PL&P brokered an agreement with Miller & Lux, which allowed them to build storage reservoirs in the San Joaquin River system "in return for a guaranteed, regular streamflow through Miller & Lux's lands".
341:, to store excess water from Huntington. The lake replaced an earlier reservoir built in the valley by the Fresno Flume and Lumber Company to store water for a timber operation. Huntington Lake was then connected to Shaver by a tunnel. Although the elevation differential between the lakes was great – more than 1,000 feet (300 m) – no power station was installed here at the time.
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428:, located on the main San Joaquin River above the confluence of Big Creek. By October 17, 1959, this 411-foot (125 m) high rockfill dam – the tallest dam of the project, also containing nearly as much material as Vermilion Dam – was completed, and on March 28, 1960, the Mammoth Pool Powerhouse, located at Dam 6 near Powerhouse 8, came online.
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expansions would involve increasing the capacity of the powerhouses by diverting water from other streams in the upper San
Joaquin River system. The first new component to be constructed was Big Creek Powerhouse No. 8, which took advantage of the final elevation drop between Powerhouse No. 2 and Big Creek's confluence with the San Joaquin River.
153:. Then in 1910, Huntington, for reasons still not clearly known, fired Eastwood as chief engineer. This may have been because of conflicts over their respective shares of control or profit from the project. Also, the company's investors were doubtful of the safety of Eastwood's multiple-arch dam proposal and wanted to change to primarily
91:(KWh) per year – about 90 percent of SCE's total hydroelectric power, or about 20 percent of SCE's total generating capacity. Big Creek accounts for 12 percent of all the hydroelectric power produced in California. The Big Creek reservoirs also provide irrigation and flood control benefits for the
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Although
Huntington was initially skeptical of the feasibility of the project, he was impressed by Eastwood's studies and hired him to PL&P granting him 5,400 shares in return for making a thorough survey and a final plan for the hydroelectric system. Eastwood conducted these surveys between 1902 and 1905.
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The biggest powerhouse at Big Creek was not actually built until the mid-1980s with the implementation of the Balsam
Meadows Project. The Eastwood Powerhouse, with a capacity of nearly 200 MW, was built at the outlet of the diversion tunnel from Huntington to Shaver Lake. This powerhouse differs from
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More than 5,000 people worked on the project during the peak of Phase 2 construction. Safety regulations during the construction of the second phase were much stricter than during Phase 1, in no small part due to a deadly accident in 1924, when a worker was killed after being sucked into a turbine by
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Interest in expanding the project resumed with the economic boom after the war. In 1919, the dams at
Huntington Lake were raised and a fourth constructed to increase the lake's capacity. Further proposals for project expansion were ready by October 1920 and approved on January 20, 1921. The proposed
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In
November 1913, PL&P's Redondo generating plant in Los Angeles suffered a failure, and on November 8 the company made the decision to switch to Big Creek power for the first time. The transmission of 240 miles (390 km) was one of the longest in the world at the time. The difficulty of the
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on the San
Joaquin River about 7 miles (11 km) upstream from Dam 6. Mammoth Pool regulates the flow of the San Joaquin River to allow increased power generation downstream. Water flows from Mammoth Pool through a tunnel to Dam 6, where it drops 1,100 feet (340 m), feeding the Mammoth Pool
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The South Fork diversion delivered its first water on April 13, 1925 through the 13-mile (21 km) Ward Tunnel, which diverted water from the river near
Jackass Meadows and into Huntington Lake. Work on a dam at Jackass Meadows began in 1925 to ensure a year-round water supply for the diversion.
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Construction of the railroad began on
February 5, 1912. Winding its way up the San Joaquin River Canyon, the railroad – featuring 1,078 curves, 43 bridges and 255 grades of up to 5.2 percent – was nicknamed the "Slow, Jerky and Expensive". The final mile (1.6 km) was known as the "Miracle
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operation. During times of low demand, the station draws water from Shaver Lake up to a small reservoir, the Balsam
Meadows Forebay, located on the top of a nearby mountain. In addition, the power station is actually located in an artificial cavern 1,100 feet (340 m) deep, carved out of solid
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On January 7, 1913, a strike began as workers protested the harsh working conditions and an insufficient food supply. PL&P responded by firing nearly 2,000 strikers and hiring an entire new workforce; however, this caused significant delays in construction. Powerhouse No. 1 did not come online
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Eastwood was undaunted by the failure and founded his own Mammoth Power Company which intended to generate power by creating a rockfill dam on the main stem of the San Joaquin. However, investors balked at the massive potential costs of this project (the tunnel required to carry water to the power
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With the development of new low-head turbines, a small powerhouse at the outlet of Ward Tunnel was planned in 1954. The Portal Powerhouse, built from 1954 to 1955, is located just above Huntington Lake. The powerhouse is unique because it is actually not contained in a building, and is controlled
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In 1923, Dam 6 was completed, located on the San Joaquin River just below its confluence with Big Creek. The dam forms a small reservoir that serves as the afterbay for Powerhouse 8. Construction of this concrete arch dam was exceedingly difficult due to the narrowness of the canyon and the large
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system that consumed some 80% of the region's power by the early 1900s. Hydroelectricity was seen as an attractively cheap alternative to thermal power stations, and the San Joaquin River was the only river close and large enough to Los Angeles to generate the kind of power Huntington envisioned.
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PL&P immediately began filing claims for San Joaquin water rights. However, construction was postponed for many years because the company's directors thought that the project would generate far more power than was needed at the time and emphasized development of more thermal plants. By 1905,
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Although the diversions greatly increased the amount of water available for hydroelectric generation, the existing reservoirs were limited in their capacity to store that water. The combined 154,400-acre-foot (190,400 dam) capacity of Huntington and Florence Lakes was much smaller than the
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1923 also saw the completion of Powerhouse No. 3 – the next step below Powerhouse 8, using the combined flows of Big Creek and the San Joaquin River – came online, and was billed as the "electrical giant of the West" – it was the largest hydroelectric plant in the West, capable of generating 75
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is located on Stevenson Creek south of Huntington Lake. Although the lake receives some water from its local basin, its primary purpose is to serve as a storage facility for overflow water from Huntington. Water from Huntington is diverted through a tunnel to a small reservoir, Balsam Meadows
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In 1926 work began on Big Creek Powerhouse No. 2A, which would generate power from water released from Shaver Lake. The powerhouse was so named because it was actually an extension of the Powerhouse No. 2 building, and it would discharge into the same forebay reservoir (Dam 5) on Big Creek.
133:, a wealthy developer and power magnate from Los Angeles. Huntington was the founder of the Pacific Light and Power Company (PL&P), which was struggling to boost its generating capacity due to fast growth in Los Angeles and its suburbs, especially due to the new interurban electric
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until October 14, 1913. Powerhouse No. 2, located further downstream, would have been completed three days later but for a fire that heavily damaged the building, delaying completion until December 8. Although the details are uncertain, this is believed to have been a case of arson.
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is formed by Big Creek Dam Nos. 1, 2 and 3 and a smaller saddle dam at the headwaters of Big Creek. The lake stores water from Big Creek and the South Fork San Joaquin River for release through a tunnel, plunging 2,131 feet (650 m) to Big Creek Powerhouse No. 1 on a small
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Transportation of workers and materials to the construction site posed the first major challenge. The only available method of transport was by mule team, but this would prove slow and expensive, so the decision was made to build a railway instead. The rail line, known as the
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Forebay, and drops 1,338 feet (408 m) to the Eastwood Powerhouse on Shaver Lake. During off-peak hours, water is pumped from Shaver Lake back up to Balsam Meadows to improve peaking power capacity. From Shaver, the water falls 2,418 feet (737 m) – the highest
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in his honor. Although the dam itself has no power generating capacity, its primary purpose is to store floodwaters from Mono Creek for later release into the Mono-Bear Diversion and Ward Tunnel, increasing power generation at downstream plants during the dry season.
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captures runoff from the South Fork San Joaquin River, diverting it through the Ward Tunnel towards Big Creek. The tunnel's flow is augmented by diversions that capture water from two major tributaries, Mono and Bear Creeks. The Vermilion Valley Dam, forming
381:, located at the outlet of Powerhouse 3, and the Big Creek Powerhouse No. 4. By 1951, these facilities were completed, forming the lowermost and farthest-downstream unit of the Big Creek project. Powerhouse 4 came online between June and July of that year.
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began, construction temporarily ceased on the project, with little activity between 1914 and 1919. However, work did begin on a tunnel to the future Big Creek Powerhouse No. 3, though only a fraction of the tunnel was excavated. PL&P merged into
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in the 1930s, construction once again stopped. In 1933, most of the Big Creek railroad – which had carried 400,000 tons of goods during its 21 years of operation – was dismantled and sold for scrap. The original railbed was then used as a road.
95:, and are popular recreation areas. However, the project has had various environmental and social impacts, including the disruption of fish and animal migration, and the flooding of historical sites and traditional Native American lands.
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an unintended release of water. SCE also invested in improving civic and educational facilities in its company towns. Nonetheless, continued difficult conditions led to a 40 percent monthly turnover rate in the workforce.
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on Mono Creek in 1953. By October 1954, this enormous 4,234-foot (1,291 m) long earthen dam, made of 5.3 million cubic yards (4.05 million m) of material, was completed. The dam was dedicated on the 75th anniversary of
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Eastwood had developed his initial proposal for the system, consisting of a large reservoir and two powerhouses along Big Creek, a major tributary of the San Joaquin. During this time Eastwood pioneered the design of the
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Mile" because it reportedly cost over $ 1 million to construct. The railroad was completed by July 1912, in a record 157 days. Due to its steep grades and sharp curves (up to 60 degrees) it was serviced by geared
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Powerhouse 2A was the last major component to be constructed during Phase 2, with the exception of an expansion to Powerhouse 8 in 1929. Most of the construction camps had been taken down by the end of 1926.
2394:"Big Creek Hydroelectric System Produces 'Hardest Working Water in the World': At SCE's Eastwood Pump Storage Plant, that water works a little harder to provide affordable, reliable energy to its customers"
318:; the dam was built using Eastwood's multiple-arch design. In 1927, the Mono-Bear diversions were completed, drawing water from two eastern tributaries of the South Fork, Mono Creek and Bear Creek. A huge
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in 1914 to 1,600 GWh in 1928, a nearly eightfold increase. By this time, Big Creek provided 70–90 percent of the power used in the Los Angeles area, a distinction it would hold well into the 1940s.
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From Dam 5 the combined waters flow through another tunnel and drop 713 feet (217 m) to Big Creek Powerhouse No. 8, located on Dam 6 at the confluence of Big Creek and the San Joaquin River.
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Work on the dams and powerhouses themselves started in the summer of 1912, with the construction of three concrete dams – Big Creek Nos. 1, 2 and 3 – which would hold back a large reservoir,
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to finance the project. However, by October 1911 only $ 2.5 million of bonds had been sold. The company was forced to compromise and sold the remaining bonds at 85 percent value to a
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annual 1,700,000-acre-foot (2,100,000 dam) runoff of the upper San Joaquin River system. As a result, a dam was built on Stevenson Creek between 1925 and 1927, forming
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to 220kV – the highest commercial voltage in the world at the time. By 1925, Powerhouses Nos. 1 and 2 were expanded in preparation for an influx of diverted water from the
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flow of the San Joaquin River. During foundation pouring, the entire flow of the river had to be carried in a flume suspended along the precipitous side of the canyon.
544:, also known as Dam 7. From Redinger the water flows through a final tunnel and drops 418 feet (127 m) to Big Creek Powerhouse No. 4, located on the reservoir of
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PL&P began construction on the Big Creek Project in February 1910. Huntington placed George Ward in charge of the project and hired the Boston engineering firm
80:(MW). Its six major reservoirs have a combined storage capacity of more than 560,000 acre-feet (690,000 dam). The project's facilities were listed on the
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main line at El Prado (about 20 miles (32 km) northeast of Fresno) and carve its way 56 miles (90 km) deep into the Sierra Nevada, to the
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called Dam 4. From here the water is diverted through another tunnel, dropping 1,858 feet (566 m) to Big Creek Powerhouse No. 2 on Dam 5.
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61:– over a vertical drop of 6,200 ft (1,900 m) – have over the years inspired a nickname, "The Hardest Working Water in the World".
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The second phase expansions increased the generating capacity by six times – from 70 to 425 megawatts. Annual generation rose from 213
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The third phase ended with the completion of Mammoth Pool, and by this time the Big Creek Project was almost fundamentally complete.
306:, a stream much larger than Big Creek that descends from the main crest of the Sierra several miles to the east of Huntington Lake.
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was built in order to carry the water across the 700-foot (210 m) deep valley of the South Fork to join with the Ward Tunnel.
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377:, construction resumed in earnest in 1948, starting with an expansion of Powerhouse No. 3. In July 1949, construction began on
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From Dam 6 the combined waters of Big Creek and the San Joaquin fall 827 feet (252 m) to Big Creek Powerhouse No. 3 at
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391:(far right), completed in 1959, is – at 411 ft (125 m) high – the tallest dam of the Big Creek Project.
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In the 1950s, SCE added further generating capacity by building the project's two largest dams, starting with
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Map showing primary reservoirs and power plants of the Big Creek Project (many small diversion dams not shown)
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Completed in 1987, the Balsam Meadows project greatly increased the capability of Big Creek to generate
121:, wealthy financier from Southern California who was largely responsible for the project's construction.
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on Mono Creek, provides further regulation of the water supply. The Ward Tunnel eventually drops into
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2442:"Initial Information Package for the Big Creek Hydroelectric System Alternative Licensing Process"
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Hydroelectric Power Scheme on upper San Joaquin River System, Sierra Nevada, Central California
1917:
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The primary purpose of the project was to provide electric power for the fast-growing city of
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Upper San Joaquin River Basin Storage Investigation, Initial Alternatives Information Report
1918:"California's Promethean Past: How a visionary entrepreneur watered and powered Los Angeles"
332:, completed in 1927, stores excess runoff from Huntington Lake to increase power generation.
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277:(SCE) in 1917 as Huntington worked to consolidate energy interests in Southern California.
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By 1907, PL&P was almost ready to begin construction, but was further set back by the
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1941:"Henry E. Huntington and Metropolitan Entrepreneurship in Southern California, 1898–1917"
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146:; he would later become renowned for the building of this type of dam across the West.
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Big Creek consists of multiple closely interconnected projects, operating under seven
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2159:"Everyone's Favorite Railroad Car: San Joaquin & Eastern Railroad Caboose #50"
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was the principal designer of the system, which was initially funded and built by
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Building the Ultimate Dam: John S. Eastwood and the Control of Water in the West
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Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in California
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Big Creek Hydroelectric System, Big Creek Town, Operator House Garage
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53:(SCE). The use and reuse of the waters of the San Joaquin River, its
2805:. California State Water Resources Control Board. September 12, 2008
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1718:"100 Years Young: Big Creek Hydroelectric Plant Still Going Strong"
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of the project – to Big Creek Powerhouse 2A, also located on Dam 5.
412:'s invention of the electric lightbulb, so the reservoir was named
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3002:", 60 photos, 40 data pages, 12 photo caption pages
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The San Joaquin & Eastern Railroad at Huntington Lake, c. 1918
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Energy infrastructure on the National Register of Historic Places
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National Register of Historic Places in Fresno County, California
3058:", 27 photos, 20 data pages, 4 photo caption pages
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3009:", 53 photos, 38 data pages, 7 photo caption pages
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2373:. California State Water Resources Control Board. August 22, 2013
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to oversee construction. PL&P issued an initial $ 10 million
3030:", 16 photos, 9 data pages, 2 photo caption pages
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2967:", 7 photos, 13 data pages, 2 photo caption pages
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Big Creek Hydroelectric System, Powerhouse 3 Penstock Standpipes
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Big Creek Hydroelectric System, Vincent 220kV Transmission Line
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Big Creek Hydroelectric System, East and West Transmission Line
548:(part of the separate Kerckhoff hydroelectric project owned by
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Big Creek Hydroelectric System, Big Creek Town, Operator House
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Big Creek Hydroelectric System, Powerhouse 8, Operator Cottage
2796:"Draft Environmental Impact Statement for Hydropower Licenses"
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licenses. The operations of the project are outlined below:
129:, a Southern California businessman who was affiliated with
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The Big Creek Project was the vision of California engineer
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Henry E. Huntington and the Creation of Southern California
2367:"Mammoth Pool Hydroelectric Project: FERC Project No. 2085"
1969:
2854:"Application for License for Major Project – Existing Dam"
2825:"Application for License for Major Project – Existing Dam"
2416:"Big Creek Nos. 2A, 8, and Eastwood Hydroelectric Project"
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was the first Big Creek Project reservoir to be completed.
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engineering work on Big Creek was compared to that of the
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automatically unlike the other powerhouses at Big Creek.
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Big Creek Hydroelectric System, Bear Creek Diversion Dam
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Today, the Big Creek project generates nearly 4 billion
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formed by investment bankers William Salomon & Co.
2422:. State Water Resources Control Board. August 22, 2013
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Project facility that this diversion provides water to
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Federal Energy Regulatory Commission FERC/DEIS- 0226D
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Big Creek Hydroelectric System, Powerhouse 2 and 2A
3738:Historic American Engineering Record in California
2861:FERC Project No. 2175, Application for New License
2247:"Big Creek hydro project is an engineering marvel"
3035:Big Creek Hydroelectric System, Florence Lake Dam
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2832:FERC Project No. 67, Application for New License
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2074:"Big Creek Project's Centennial Is Celebrated"
2043:"Big Creek Hydroelectric System, Powerhouse 1"
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1805:San Joaquin River Restoration Program Workshop
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1950:. Business History Conference. Archived from
3698:History of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
3007:Big Creek Hydroelectric System, Powerhouse 3
3000:Big Creek Hydroelectric System, Powerhouse 8
2986:Big Creek Hydroelectric System, Powerhouse 1
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2219:. Southern California Edison. Archived from
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3028:Big Creek Hydroelectric System, Cottage 113
3021:Big Creek Hydroelectric System, Cottage 112
3014:Big Creek Hydroelectric System, Cottage 115
2981:", 3 photos, 1 photo caption page
2863:. Southern California Edison. February 2007
2834:. Southern California Edison. February 2007
2472:"Schematic Profile of the Big Creek System"
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2477:. Southern California Edison. October 2009
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1796:Jackson, Michael P. (November 15, 2010).
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3683:Hydroelectric power plants in California
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1996:"The History & Culture of Big Creek"
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1773:. Revive the San Joaquin. Archived from
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440:the others at Big Creek because it is a
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3708:Reservoirs in Madera County, California
3703:Reservoirs in Fresno County, California
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2776:. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. June 2005
2353:
2321:
2130:
2106:
2094:
2054:. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress
1890:
1878:
1844:
1795:
500:, where it feeds the Portal Powerhouse.
49:. The project is owned and operated by
3670:
2925:The Valley's Legends & Legacies IV
2922:
2447:. Southern California Edison. May 2000
2408:
2330:"Lights Dim in an Edison Company Town"
2315:
2293:. Edison International. Archived from
2276:
2013:
3067:
2743:. Stanford University. Archived from
2713:. Stanford University. Archived from
2683:. Stanford University. Archived from
2653:. Stanford University. Archived from
2623:. Stanford University. Archived from
2593:. Stanford University. Archived from
2563:. Stanford University. Archived from
2533:. Stanford University. Archived from
2503:. Stanford University. Archived from
2076:. Friant Waterline. November 18, 2013
2040:
1767:"The Big Creek Hydroelectric Project"
2949:Historic American Engineering Record
2741:National Performance of Dams Program
2711:National Performance of Dams Program
2681:National Performance of Dams Program
2651:National Performance of Dams Program
2621:National Performance of Dams Program
2591:National Performance of Dams Program
2561:National Performance of Dams Program
2531:National Performance of Dams Program
2501:National Performance of Dams Program
2051:Historic American Engineering Record
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1899:
481:Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
475:Portal Powerhouse at Huntington Lake
82:National Register of Historic Places
2420:Water Quality Certification Program
2371:Water Quality Certification Program
2217:Description of the Big Creek System
2161:. Central Sierra Historical Society
1860:. Central Sierra Historical Society
1764:
564:Statistics of the major reservoirs
125:In 1902 Eastwood took his plans to
57:, and the namesake of the project,
13:
3551:Imperial Solar Energy Center South
3324:Big Creek No. 1, 2, 2A, 3, 4 and 8
3248:Los Esteros Critical Energy Center
2923:Rehart, Catherine Morison (2002).
2245:Kurtz, Cynthia (October 3, 2011).
14:
3764:
3688:Reservoirs in Northern California
3556:Imperial Solar Energy Center West
2942:
2328:Johnson, John (August 21, 2000).
1896:
1100:
2908:. University of Oklahoma Press.
1652:
1638:
1624:
207:San Joaquin and Eastern Railroad
3678:Southern California Edison dams
3617:Solar Energy Generating Systems
3541:Desert Stateline Solar Facility
3243:Huntington Beach Energy Project
3228:Donald Von Raesfeld Power Plant
2904:Jackson, Donald Conrad (2005).
2889:. Ohio State University Press.
2885:Friedricks, William B. (1992).
2846:
2817:
2788:
2767:"Hydropower Technical Appendix"
2759:
2729:
2699:
2677:"Dam Name: Big Creek Dam No. 7"
2669:
2639:
2609:
2587:"Dam Name: Big Creek Dam No. 4"
2579:
2557:"Dam Name: Big Creek Dam No. 5"
2549:
2527:"Dam Name: Big Creek Dam No. 4"
2519:
2497:"Dam Name: Big Creek Dam No. 1"
2489:
2392:Klein, Paul (August 27, 2013).
2385:
2359:
2238:
2151:
2066:
1939:Friedricks, William B. (1987).
1932:
1716:Klein, Paul (October 4, 2013).
1687:
1606:
1604:
1599:
1592:
1363:
1094:
1092:
1082:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1063:
1056:
314:was completed in 1926, forming
160:
31:Big Creek Hydroelectric Project
3536:Centinela Solar Energy Project
3516:California Flats Solar Project
2878:
1819:
1789:
1732:
1:
3718:Sierra Nevada (United States)
3521:California Valley Solar Ranch
1948:Business and Economic History
1916:Hanson, Victor Davis (2013).
1771:Mechanical Engineering Online
1700:
424:In early 1958, work began on
98:
3607:Ivanpah Solar Power Facility
3602:Genesis Solar Energy Project
3153:Puente Hills Energy Recovery
2707:"Dam Name: Shaver Lake Main"
2287:"Bringing Big Creek to Life"
2001:. Southern California Edison
1832:. Southern California Edison
1807:. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
1798:"San Joaquin River Overview"
1746:. Southern California Edison
304:South Fork San Joaquin River
7:
3647:San Gorgonio Pass Wind Farm
3501:Antelope Valley Solar Ranch
1615:
1367:
1104:
560:
456:Project data and statistics
209:, would split off from the
10:
3769:
3733:Southern California Edison
3561:McCoy Solar Energy Project
3546:Desert Sunlight Solar Farm
3511:Blythe Solar Power Project
3268:Russell City Energy Center
3233:Gateway Generating Station
2251:San Gabriel Valley Tribune
275:Southern California Edison
51:Southern California Edison
3629:
3594:
3571:Panoche Valley Solar Farm
3526:Campo Verde Solar Project
3491:
3484:
3437:
3306:
3297:
3281:
3213:
3182:
3166:
3134:
3105:
3054:HAER No. CA-167-O, "
3047:HAER No. CA-167-N, "
3040:HAER No. CA-167-M, "
3033:HAER No. CA-167-L, "
3026:HAER No. CA-167-K, "
3019:HAER No. CA-167-J, "
3012:HAER No. CA-167-I, "
3005:HAER No. CA-167-H, "
2998:HAER No. CA-167-G, "
2991:HAER No. CA-167-F, "
2984:HAER No. CA-167-E, "
2977:HAER No. CA-167-D, "
2970:HAER No. CA-167-C, "
2963:HAER No. CA-167-B, "
2956:HAER No. CA-167-A, "
2617:"Dam Name: Florence Lake"
1370:
1108:Diversion dam statistics
1107:
563:
3657:Tehachapi Pass Wind Farm
3263:Moss Landing Power Plant
3174:Argus Cogeneration Plant
2647:"Dam Name: Mammoth Pool"
1680:
1309:Mammoth Pool Powerhouse
1295:Mammoth Pool Powerhouse
550:Pacific Gas and Electric
399:Powerhouse No. 4 in 2022
166:Financing and groundwork
3652:Shiloh Wind Power Plant
3642:Altamont Pass Wind Farm
3637:Alta Wind Energy Center
3364:Mammoth Pool Powerhouse
1660:Renewable energy portal
557:Reservoirs and forebays
435:Fourth phase, 1983–1987
281:Second phase, 1921–1929
3713:Sierra National Forest
3531:Catalina Solar Project
3409:San Francisquito No. 1
3223:Alamitos Energy Center
3158:Sunshine Gas Producers
2927:. Quill Driver Books.
2396:. Edison International
2041:Shoup, Daniel (2009).
1827:"The Big Creek System"
1720:. Edison International
1670:Central Valley Project
1371:Powerplant statistics
1351:Lake Thomas A. Edison
909:(Big Creek Dam No. 7)
861:Mammoth Pool Reservoir
534:Mammoth Pool Reservoir
476:
468:
400:
392:
369:Third phase, 1948–1960
360:With the onset of the
333:
245:First phase, 1913–1914
229:
122:
68:. California engineer
26:
3424:White Rock Powerhouse
3253:Metcalf Energy Center
2951:(HAER) documentation:
2737:"Dam Name: Vermilion"
1013:Lake Thomas A. Edison
494:Lake Thomas A. Edison
474:
463:
414:Lake Thomas A. Edison
398:
387:
328:
239:Lima Locomotive Works
227:
193:, run by land barons
117:
24:
3612:Mojave Solar Project
3581:Springbok Solar Farm
3506:Beacon Solar Project
3374:New Bullards Bar Dam
3359:Loon Lake Powerhouse
2747:on February 25, 2014
2717:on February 25, 2014
2687:on February 25, 2014
2657:on February 25, 2014
2627:on February 25, 2014
2597:on February 25, 2014
2567:on February 25, 2014
2537:on February 25, 2014
2507:on February 25, 2014
2297:on February 23, 2014
1281:Eastwood Powerhouse
1253:Mono–Bear Diversion
1155:Mono–Bear Diversion
1008:Vermilion Valley Dam
405:Vermilion Valley Dam
237:, built by the Ohio
127:William G. Kerckhoff
37:scheme on the upper
3728:1920s in California
3723:1910s in California
3472:William R. Gianelli
3369:Moccasin Powerhouse
3334:Caribou No. 1 and 2
3238:Glenarm Power Plant
1777:on February 8, 2011
1675:Water in California
756:Big Creek Dam No. 6
708:Big Creek Dam No. 5
660:Big Creek Dam No. 4
610:Big Creek Dam No. 3
606:Big Creek Dam No. 2
602:Big Creek Dam No. 1
172:Stone & Webster
119:Henry E. Huntington
74:Henry E. Huntington
35:hydroelectric power
3566:Mount Signal Solar
3349:Jaybird Powerhouse
1858:"John S. Eastwood"
1765:Wolcott, Barbara.
1320:South Slide Creek
1264:North Slide Creek
917:San Joaquin River
865:San Joaquin River
815:San Joaquin River
763:San Joaquin River
477:
469:
401:
393:
334:
230:
187:San Joaquin Valley
123:
27:
3693:San Joaquin River
3665:
3664:
3625:
3624:
3480:
3479:
3384:New Exchequer Dam
3379:New Don Pedro Dam
3329:Camino Powerhouse
3319:Belden Powerhouse
2334:Los Angeles Times
2226:on March 16, 2006
2210:"Project History"
1740:"Big Creek Hydro"
1632:California portal
1613:
1612:
1361:
1360:
1225:Powerhouse No. 2
1194:Chinquapin Creek
1141:Powerhouse No. 2
1127:Powerhouse No. 2
1124:Adit No. 8 Creek
1098:
1097:
1059:Water Data Totals
804:Florence Lake Dam
373:After the end of
312:Florence Lake Dam
144:multiple-arch dam
39:San Joaquin River
3760:
3586:Topaz Solar Farm
3489:
3488:
3429:William E. Warne
3314:Balch Powerhouse
3304:
3303:
3088:
3081:
3074:
3065:
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2110:
2104:
2098:
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2081:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2047:
2038:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2000:
1992:
1979:
1978:, p. 98–99.
1973:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1956:
1945:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1913:
1894:
1893:, p. 63–64.
1888:
1882:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1867:
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1853:
1842:
1841:
1839:
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1802:
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1787:
1786:
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1782:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1744:Power Generation
1736:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1713:
1694:
1691:
1662:
1657:
1656:
1648:
1643:
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1627:
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1567:
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1496:
1483:
1475:
1462:
1454:
1441:
1433:
1420:
1412:
1368:
1356:
1342:
1334:Tombstone Creek
1328:
1314:
1300:
1286:
1272:
1258:
1244:
1230:
1216:
1202:
1188:
1174:
1160:
1146:
1132:
1105:
1086:
1076:
1065:(all lakes full)
1046:
1038:
1030:
1022:
996:
988:
980:
972:
967:Stevenson Creek
946:
938:
930:
922:
894:
886:
878:
870:
856:Mammoth Pool Dam
844:
836:
828:
820:
792:
784:
776:
768:
744:
736:
728:
720:
696:
688:
680:
672:
648:
640:
632:
624:
561:
530:Mammoth Pool Dam
426:Mammoth Pool Dam
389:Mammoth Pool Dam
362:Great Depression
235:Shay locomotives
211:Southern Pacific
191:Miller & Lux
131:Henry Huntington
105:John S. Eastwood
70:John S. Eastwood
33:is an extensive
3768:
3767:
3763:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3757:
3668:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3621:
3590:
3476:
3439:
3433:
3389:New Melones Dam
3299:
3293:
3277:
3215:
3209:
3200:Imperial Valley
3178:
3162:
3136:
3130:
3126:Elkhorn Battery
3109:
3107:
3101:
3092:
3062:
3061:
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2284:
2277:
2271:Friedricks 1992
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2255:
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2239:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2174:
2164:
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2157:
2156:
2152:
2146:Friedricks 1992
2144:
2137:
2129:
2125:
2119:Friedricks 1992
2117:
2113:
2105:
2101:
2093:
2089:
2079:
2077:
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2071:
2067:
2057:
2055:
2045:
2039:
2014:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1982:
1976:Friedricks 1992
1974:
1970:
1960:
1958:
1957:on May 13, 2013
1954:
1943:
1937:
1933:
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1166:Bolsillo Creek
1103:
1088:
1078:
1048:
1040:
1032:
1024:
998:
990:
982:
974:
958:Shaver Lake Dam
948:
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615:Huntington Lake
608:
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504:Huntington Lake
498:Huntington Lake
465:Huntington Lake
458:
437:
371:
283:
251:Huntington Lake
247:
168:
163:
101:
41:system, in the
17:
12:
11:
5:
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3095:Power stations
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2943:External links
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2308:
2275:
2273:, p. 114.
2263:
2237:
2172:
2150:
2148:, p. 113.
2135:
2123:
2121:, p. 112.
2111:
2099:
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2065:
2012:
1980:
1968:
1931:
1920:. City Journal
1895:
1883:
1871:
1856:Coats, Roger.
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1421:
1416:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1391:
1386:
1377:
1373:
1372:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1352:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1338:
1337:Florence Lake
1335:
1331:
1330:
1324:
1323:Florence Lake
1321:
1317:
1316:
1310:
1307:
1303:
1302:
1296:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1282:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1268:
1267:Florence Lake
1265:
1261:
1260:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1246:
1240:
1239:Florence Lake
1237:
1233:
1232:
1226:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1212:
1211:Florence Lake
1209:
1205:
1204:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1184:
1181:
1180:Camp 62 Creek
1177:
1176:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1156:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1142:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1128:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1102:
1101:Diversion dams
1099:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1081:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1062:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1042:
1034:
1033:(173,000 dam)
1026:
1018:
1015:
1010:
1004:
1003:
1000:
992:
984:
983:(168,000 dam)
976:
968:
965:
960:
954:
953:
950:
942:
934:
926:
918:
915:
910:
902:
901:
898:
890:
882:
881:(152,000 dam)
874:
866:
863:
858:
852:
851:
848:
840:
832:
824:
816:
811:
806:
800:
799:
796:
788:
780:
772:
764:
761:
758:
752:
751:
748:
740:
732:
724:
716:
713:
712:Dam Five Lake
710:
704:
703:
700:
692:
684:
676:
668:
665:
664:Dam Four Lake
662:
656:
655:
652:
644:
636:
635:(110,000 dam)
628:
620:
617:
612:
598:
597:
594:
591:
586:
581:
576:
573:
570:
566:
565:
558:
555:
554:
553:
538:
526:
523:
520:hydraulic head
512:
501:
457:
454:
442:pumped-storage
436:
433:
370:
367:
282:
279:
246:
243:
167:
164:
162:
159:
100:
97:
93:Central Valley
89:kilowatt hours
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3765:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3628:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3593:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3487:
3483:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3457:J.S. Eastwood
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3436:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3404:Pine Flat Dam
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3305:
3302:
3296:
3290:
3289:Diablo Canyon
3287:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3258:Midway Sunset
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3212:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3181:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3148:Hyperion DGUP
3146:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3133:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3121:Beacon BESS 1
3119:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3089:
3084:
3082:
3077:
3075:
3070:
3069:
3066:
3057:
3053:
3050:
3046:
3043:
3039:
3036:
3032:
3029:
3025:
3022:
3018:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3004:
3001:
2997:
2994:
2990:
2987:
2983:
2980:
2976:
2973:
2969:
2966:
2962:
2959:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2936:
2934:1-88499-521-7
2930:
2926:
2921:
2917:
2915:0-80613-733-9
2911:
2907:
2902:
2898:
2896:0-81420-553-4
2892:
2888:
2883:
2882:
2862:
2855:
2849:
2833:
2826:
2820:
2804:
2797:
2791:
2775:
2768:
2762:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2732:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2702:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2672:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2642:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2612:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2582:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2552:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2522:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2492:
2473:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2443:
2437:
2421:
2417:
2411:
2395:
2388:
2372:
2368:
2362:
2356:, p. 81.
2355:
2350:
2335:
2331:
2324:
2318:, p. 39.
2317:
2312:
2296:
2292:
2291:Inside Edison
2288:
2282:
2280:
2272:
2267:
2252:
2248:
2241:
2222:
2218:
2211:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2160:
2154:
2147:
2142:
2140:
2133:, p. 73.
2132:
2127:
2120:
2115:
2109:, p. 75.
2108:
2103:
2097:, p. 66.
2096:
2091:
2075:
2069:
2053:
2052:
2044:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
1997:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1977:
1972:
1953:
1949:
1942:
1935:
1919:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1892:
1887:
1881:, p. 62.
1880:
1875:
1859:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1828:
1822:
1806:
1799:
1792:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1761:
1745:
1741:
1735:
1719:
1712:
1710:
1705:
1690:
1686:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1661:
1655:
1650:
1647:
1641:
1636:
1633:
1622:
1609:
1602:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1585:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1564:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1543:
1535:
1532:
1530:Mammoth Pool
1529:
1528:
1522:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1501:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1480:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1459:
1451:
1448:
1446:Big Creek 2A
1445:
1444:
1438:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1417:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1392:
1387:
1384:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1357:ft (2,440 m)
1353:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1343:ft (2,245 m)
1339:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1329:ft (2,239 m)
1325:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1315:ft (1,024 m)
1311:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1301:ft (1,017 m)
1297:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1287:ft (2,133 m)
1283:
1280:
1278:Pitman Creek
1277:
1276:
1273:ft (2,240 m)
1269:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1259:ft (2,242 m)
1255:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1245:ft (2,240 m)
1241:
1238:
1236:Hooper Creek
1235:
1234:
1231:ft (1,477 m)
1227:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1217:ft (2,671 m)
1213:
1210:
1208:Crater Creek
1207:
1206:
1203:ft (2,217 m)
1199:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1189:ft (2,212 m)
1185:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1175:ft (2,297 m)
1171:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1161:ft (2,240 m)
1157:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1147:ft (1,488 m)
1143:
1140:
1138:Balsam Creek
1137:
1136:
1133:ft (1,468 m)
1129:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1090:
1080:
1079:(727,444 dam)
1066:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1043:
1035:
1027:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1001:
993:
985:
977:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
955:
951:
943:
935:
933:(43,200 dam)
927:
919:
916:
914:
913:Redinger Lake
911:
907:
904:
903:
899:
891:
883:
875:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
853:
849:
841:
833:
831:(80,000 dam)
825:
817:
812:
810:
809:Florence Lake
807:
805:
802:
801:
797:
789:
781:
773:
765:
762:
760:Dam Six Lake
759:
757:
754:
753:
749:
741:
733:
725:
717:
714:
711:
709:
706:
705:
701:
693:
685:
677:
669:
666:
663:
661:
658:
657:
653:
645:
637:
629:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
607:
603:
600:
599:
595:
592:
587:
582:
577:
574:
571:
568:
567:
562:
551:
547:
546:Kerckhoff Dam
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
524:
521:
516:
513:
510:
505:
502:
499:
495:
490:
489:Florence Lake
486:
485:
484:
482:
473:
466:
462:
453:
451:
450:peaking power
446:
443:
432:
429:
427:
422:
418:
415:
411:
410:Thomas Edison
406:
397:
390:
386:
382:
380:
376:
366:
363:
358:
355:
350:
346:
342:
340:
331:
327:
323:
321:
317:
316:Florence Lake
313:
307:
305:
301:
297:
291:
287:
278:
276:
271:
266:
264:
258:
254:
252:
242:
240:
236:
226:
222:
220:
216:
212:
208:
202:
200:
196:
192:
188:
183:
181:
177:
173:
158:
156:
152:
151:Panic of 1907
147:
145:
139:
136:
132:
128:
120:
116:
112:
108:
106:
96:
94:
90:
85:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
62:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
43:Sierra Nevada
40:
36:
32:
23:
19:
3456:
3394:Oroville Dam
3339:Devil Canyon
3323:
3307:Conventional
2924:
2905:
2886:
2867:February 10,
2865:. Retrieved
2860:
2848:
2838:February 10,
2836:. Retrieved
2831:
2819:
2809:February 10,
2807:. Retrieved
2802:
2790:
2780:February 10,
2778:. Retrieved
2773:
2761:
2749:. Retrieved
2745:the original
2740:
2731:
2719:. Retrieved
2715:the original
2710:
2701:
2689:. Retrieved
2685:the original
2680:
2671:
2659:. Retrieved
2655:the original
2650:
2641:
2629:. Retrieved
2625:the original
2620:
2611:
2599:. Retrieved
2595:the original
2590:
2581:
2569:. Retrieved
2565:the original
2560:
2551:
2539:. Retrieved
2535:the original
2530:
2521:
2509:. Retrieved
2505:the original
2500:
2491:
2479:. Retrieved
2449:. Retrieved
2436:
2426:February 10,
2424:. Retrieved
2419:
2410:
2400:February 10,
2398:. Retrieved
2387:
2375:. Retrieved
2370:
2361:
2354:Jackson 2005
2349:
2337:. Retrieved
2333:
2323:
2311:
2299:. Retrieved
2295:the original
2290:
2266:
2254:. Retrieved
2250:
2240:
2228:. Retrieved
2221:the original
2216:
2163:. Retrieved
2153:
2131:Jackson 2005
2126:
2114:
2107:Jackson 2005
2102:
2095:Jackson 2005
2090:
2078:. Retrieved
2068:
2058:February 23,
2056:. Retrieved
2049:
2003:. Retrieved
1971:
1959:. Retrieved
1952:the original
1947:
1934:
1922:. Retrieved
1891:Jackson 2005
1886:
1879:Jackson 2005
1874:
1862:. Retrieved
1834:. Retrieved
1821:
1809:. Retrieved
1804:
1791:
1779:. Retrieved
1775:the original
1770:
1760:
1748:. Retrieved
1743:
1734:
1722:. Retrieved
1689:
1646:Water portal
1607:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1509:Big Creek 8
1488:Big Creek 4
1467:Big Creek 3
1425:Big Creek 2
1404:Big Creek 1
1395:generation (
1364:Power plants
1197:Ward Tunnel
1183:Ward Tunnel
1169:Ward Tunnel
1083:
1073:
1064:
1058:
1057:
906:Redinger Dam
779:(2,134 dam)
542:Redinger Dam
478:
447:
438:
430:
423:
419:
402:
379:Redinger Dam
375:World War II
372:
359:
351:
347:
343:
335:
308:
292:
288:
284:
267:
263:Panama Canal
259:
255:
248:
231:
215:company town
203:
195:Henry Miller
189:– including
184:
176:bond measure
169:
161:Construction
155:gravity dams
148:
140:
124:
109:
102:
86:
63:
30:
28:
18:
3419:Trinity Dam
3354:Keswick Dam
3195:The Geysers
2879:Works cited
2751:February 6,
2721:February 6,
2691:February 8,
2661:February 6,
2631:February 6,
2601:February 8,
2571:February 8,
2541:February 8,
2511:February 6,
2481:February 7,
2451:February 7,
2377:February 8,
2339:February 5,
2316:Rehart 2002
2301:February 5,
2256:February 7,
2230:February 4,
2165:February 7,
2080:February 6,
2005:February 8,
1961:February 7,
1924:February 5,
1864:February 7,
1836:February 7,
1724:February 7,
1348:Warm Creek
1306:Ross Creek
1292:Rock Creek
1250:Mono Creek
1152:Bear Creek
1017:Mono Creek
963:Shaver Lake
537:Powerhouse.
515:Shaver Lake
487:The dam at
339:Shaver Lake
330:Shaver Lake
270:World War I
199:Charles Lux
66:Los Angeles
45:of central
3672:Categories
3576:Solar Star
3467:Thermalito
3414:Shasta Dam
3399:Parker Dam
3344:Folsom Dam
3183:Geothermal
3099:California
1701:References
1222:Ely Creek
1119:Elevation
1049:(2,330 m)
999:(1,637 m)
897:(1,015 m)
847:(2,234 m)
813:South Fork
715:Big Creek
699:(1,466 m)
683:(122 dam)
667:Big Creek
651:(2,118 m)
619:Big Creek
593:Elevation
572:Reservoir
135:light rail
99:Background
55:South Fork
47:California
1811:March 21,
1781:March 21,
1750:March 21,
1608:3,932,576
1551:Eastwood
1388:Hydraulic
1089:(3071 ha)
1041:(773 ha)
991:(886 ha)
941:(251 ha)
889:(445 ha)
839:(120 ha)
731:(91 dam)
643:(583 ha)
585:capacity
445:granite.
296:megawatts
219:Big Creek
180:syndicate
84:in 2016.
78:megawatts
59:Big Creek
3438:Pumped-
3300:electric
3214:Natural
3135:Biomass
3108:storage
3106:Battery
1616:See also
1562:(408 m)
1541:(335 m)
1520:(217 m)
1499:(127 m)
1478:(252 m)
1457:(737 m)
1436:(566 m)
1415:(649 m)
1379:Capacity
949:(428 m)
873:(125 m)
795:(680 m)
787:(28 ha)
747:(897 m)
3595:Thermal
3462:O'Neill
3447:Castaic
3440:storage
3298:Hydro-
3282:Nuclear
3205:Mammoth
1601:1,014.7
1583:(70 m)
1572:Portal
1566:356,342
1545:642,035
1524:305,664
1503:474,160
1482:830,202
1470:174.45
1461:511,290
1440:352,941
1419:412,542
1116:Serves
1077:acre.ft
1075:590,303
1031:acre.ft
1029:140,000
1025:(50 m)
981:acre.ft
979:136,000
975:(56 m)
931:acre.ft
925:(76 m)
879:acre.ft
877:123,000
829:acre.ft
823:(47 m)
777:acre.ft
771:(47 m)
739:(4 ha)
729:acre.ft
723:(18 m)
691:(2 ha)
681:acre.ft
675:(23 m)
633:acre.ft
627:(52 m)
588:Surface
583:Storage
580:height
569:Dam(s)
509:forebay
3273:Valley
2931:
2912:
2893:
1595:Totals
1587:47,400
1554:199.8
1533:190.0
1491:100.0
1449:110.0
1407:88.15
1393:Annual
929:35,000
827:64,600
631:89,800
575:River
532:forms
320:siphon
3485:Solar
3452:Helms
2857:(PDF)
2828:(PDF)
2799:(PDF)
2770:(PDF)
2475:(PDF)
2445:(PDF)
2224:(PDF)
2213:(PDF)
2046:(PDF)
1999:(PDF)
1955:(PDF)
1944:(PDF)
1830:(PDF)
1801:(PDF)
1681:Notes
1575:10.8
1558:1,338
1537:1,100
1512:75.0
1453:2,418
1432:1,858
1428:66.5
1411:2,131
1390:head
1376:Name
1355:8,004
1341:7,365
1327:7,345
1313:3,359
1299:3,336
1285:6,998
1271:7,350
1257:7,355
1243:7,350
1229:4,845
1215:8,762
1201:7,273
1187:7,257
1173:7,535
1159:7,350
1145:4,881
1131:4,816
1113:Name
1087:acres
1085:7,593
1052:1954
1045:7,643
1039:acres
1037:1,910
1002:1927
995:5,370
989:acres
987:2,190
952:1951
945:1,403
939:acres
900:1959
893:3,330
887:acres
885:1,100
850:1926
843:7,328
837:acres
798:1923
791:2,230
785:acres
775:1,730
750:1921
743:2,943
737:acres
702:1913
695:4,810
689:acres
654:1913
647:6,950
641:acres
639:1,440
596:Year
590:area
3630:Wind
3190:Coso
3167:Coal
3137:(≥10
3110:(≥10
2929:ISBN
2910:ISBN
2891:ISBN
2869:2014
2840:2014
2811:2014
2782:2014
2753:2014
2723:2014
2693:2014
2663:2014
2633:2014
2603:2014
2573:2014
2543:2014
2513:2014
2483:2014
2453:2014
2428:2014
2402:2014
2379:2014
2341:2014
2303:2014
2258:2014
2232:2014
2167:2014
2082:2014
2060:2023
2007:2014
1963:2014
1926:2014
1866:2014
1838:2014
1813:2011
1783:2011
1752:2011
1726:2014
528:The
310:The
197:and
29:The
3216:gas
3097:in
1579:230
1516:713
1495:418
1474:827
1397:MWh
1021:165
971:185
937:620
921:250
869:411
835:296
819:154
767:155
623:170
578:Dam
354:GWh
268:As
217:of
3674::
3493:PV
3139:MW
3112:MW
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2830:.
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2772:.
2739:.
2709:.
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2649:.
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2589:.
2559:.
2529:.
2499:.
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2418:.
2369:.
2332:.
2289:.
2278:^
2249:.
2215:.
2175:^
2138:^
2048:.
2015:^
1983:^
1946:.
1898:^
1846:^
1803:.
1769:.
1742:.
1708:^
1581:ft
1560:ft
1539:ft
1518:ft
1497:ft
1476:ft
1455:ft
1434:ft
1413:ft
1399:)
1385:)
1383:MW
1047:ft
1023:ft
997:ft
973:ft
947:ft
923:ft
895:ft
871:ft
845:ft
821:ft
793:ft
783:23
769:ft
745:ft
735:10
727:74
721:ft
719:60
697:ft
679:99
673:ft
671:75
649:ft
625:ft
552:).
300:kV
241:.
221:.
3141:)
3114:)
3087:e
3080:t
3073:v
2937:.
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2899:.
2871:.
2842:.
2813:.
2784:.
2755:.
2725:.
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2665:.
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2430:.
2404:.
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2305:.
2260:.
2234:.
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2084:.
2062:.
2009:.
1965:.
1928:.
1868:.
1840:.
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1381:(
687:4
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