276:
capacity, which in turn drove a significant portion of the
Michigan economy. These promotional strategies, including rebates, employee pricing and 0 percent financing, have boosted sales but have also cut into profits. More importantly such promotions drain the automaker's cash reserves in the near term while in the long run the company suffers the stigma of selling vehicles because of low price instead of technical merit. Automakers have since been reduced and scaled back on incentives and raise prices, while cutting production. The
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not have a universal health care system. With most of these plans underfunded in the late 1990s, the companies offered and provided retirement packages to its elder senior workers, and made agreements with the UAW to transfer pension obligations to an independent trust. In 2009, the CBC reported that the non-unionized
Japanese automakers, with their younger American workforces, lower wages and fewer retirees would continue to enjoy a cost advantage over the Big Three.
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272:” of the past acted as loss leaders, but were designed to bring customers to the brand in the hopes they would stay loyal and move up to more profitable models. The report estimated that an automaker needed to sell ten small cars to make the same profit as one big vehicle, and that they had to produce small and mid-size cars profitably to succeed, something that the Detroit three had trouble doing.
240:. After surpassing Ford as the world's second-largest automaker by 2005, Toyota surpassed Ford in 2007 as the second-largest U.S. automaker, a title Ford had held since 1931. However, by 2010, because of Toyota's controversy surrounding their unintended acceleration recall, Toyota fell back to fourth place in U.S. sales in the 2010s, and allowed G.M., Ford and Chrysler to reclaim their title as the
248:
result in higher labor costs than other multinational automakers, including those with plants in North
America. The 2005 Harbour Report estimated that Toyota's lead in labor productivity amounted to a cost advantage of $ 350 US to $ 500 US per vehicle over American manufacturers. The UAW agreed to a two-tier wage in recent 2007 negotiations, something which the CAW has so far refused.
324:. On June 3, 2011, Fiat bought out the remaining US Treasury's stake in Chrysler for $ 500 million, increasing its ownership of the automaker to 53 percent. On January 21, 2014, Fiat bought out the remaining stake in Chrysler Group that it did not already hold from the United Auto Workers' employee medical benefit retirement trust.
568:
magazine's "100 Top Global Brands" by dollar value, as ranked by leading brand consultancy
Interbrand. The Toyota marque was valued at US$ 22.67 billion, ranking it ninth among all global brand names - automotive or non-automotive, edging out that of Mercedes-Benz. 2010 end of year production figures
549:
Toyota has always been by far Japan's largest automaker, and it recently overtook perennial world leader GM in both production and sales by early 2008. As the most aggressive of Japan's companies when it came to expanding into light trucks and luxury vehicles, this proved largely successful. Their
517:
The success of the
Japanese automakers, which specialized primarily in more compact and fuel efficient budget friendly economical vehicles, especially in the aftermath of the energy crisis, contributed to their American counterparts losing market share in the late 1970s due to a lack of comparable
255:
In order to improve profits, the
Detroit automakers made deals with unions to reduce wages while making pension and health care commitments. GM, for instance, at one time picked up the entire cost of funding health insurance premiums of its employees, their survivors and GM retirees, as the US did
247:
Ignoring all other reasons for The Big Three's decline, and beginning with a fixed ideological/political premise that efficiency is best achieved by reducing the wages and working conditions of the lowest ranked employees, advocates of the neoclassical economic viewpoint argue that Union labor can
275:
Falling sales and market share at times have resulted in the Big Three's plants operating below capacity leading to production cuts, plant reductions, closures and layoffs. Market incentives and subsidized leases were implemented to help sales which was crucial to keeping the plants operating at
546:(GATT). Establishing US production facilities was also a significant step in improving public relations, along with philanthropy, lobbying efforts, and sharing technology. Europe has still largely maintained its protectionism policies against Japanese cars, though theirs varies considerably.
518:
vehicles in their respective portfolios of vehicles marketed. Unions and lobbyists in both North
America and Europe, which was likewise affected, consequently put pressure on their governments to regulate and restrict imports to offset market imbalances at the time. In 1981, Japan agreed to
350:
has been included, thus the expression "big four" has been used. Tesla as of 2021 ranked as the fourth-largest
American automobile manufacturer by production output while being by far the fastest growing as well as being the most valuable in terms of its market valuation measured by market
209:
in which Ford then owned a 33.4 % controlling interest) by 1999 to 9.15 million by 2005 (when G.M. was expected to produce 9.10 million). The Big Three are distinguished not just by their size and geography, but by their business model. All three have their headquarters in the
259:
Despite the history of their marques, several long-running cars have been discontinued or relegated to fleet sales, as the Big Three shifted away resources from midsize and compact cars to lead the "SUV Craze". Since the late 1990s, over half of their profits have come from
513:
for the Acura brand. The NSX was the world's first all-aluminum production car, and was also marketed and viewed by some as the "Everyday
Supercar" thanks in part to its ease of use, quality and reliability, traits that were unheard of in the supercar segment at the time.
457:
It was generally regarded as a major shock to the
European marques. BMW and Mercedes-Benz's US sales figures dropped 29 percent and 19 percent, respectively, with the then-BMW chairman Eberhard von Kuenheim accusing Lexus of dumping in that market. Nissan's
427:
in 1986, Japanese automobiles exports were primarily economical in design and largely targeted at low-cost consumers. The Japanese big three created their luxury marques to challenge the established brands. Following Honda's lead, Toyota launched the
298:, the Big Three were re-strategizing and adapting their operations idling or converting light truck plants to passenger vehicle cars. Due to the declining residual value of its vehicles, Chrysler has stopped offering leases on its vehicles.
537:
Consequently, Japanese companies responded by investing heavily in US production facilities, as they were not subject to the VER. Unlike the plants of domestic automakers, Japanese plants are non-unionized (save for
205:), although Ford was in 1999 expected to surpass G.M. as the world's largest automaker by 2005, by increasing its production from around 7.77 million vehicles a year (of which about 1 million produced by
1378:
1956:"BusinessWeek Reports Interbrand's Annual Ranking of the 100 Top Global Brands in August 2nd Issue. Most Successful Companies on This Year's List Are Building Communities Around Their 'Cult Brands'"
618:(subsidiary of Ford Motor Company), but are not considered as part of this grouping, although they are among the top selling brands in Europe - they are both foreign-owned (Opel is a subsidiary of
280:
and inflated higher crude prices in 2008 resulted in the plummeting popularity of best-selling trucks and SUVs, led automakers to continue offering heavy incentives to help clear excess inventory.
1190:
377:, among many others, have long been considered the leaders in the segment of small fuel-efficient cars. A major contributing factor to their success was when their vehicles benefitted from the
554:
became the top-selling luxury marque worldwide in 2000, despite being only started up in 1989. Consequently, Toyota's stock price has traded at a much higher premium than other automakers.
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Nissan regained its position on second place, financial difficulties in the late 1990s caused it to lose its place to Honda before. Nissan is Japan’s second largest automaker and was
1929:
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as the major shareholders, some media sources now list Detroit as having a "Big Two" (GM and Ford) as opposed to a "Big Three". Chrysler has become part of multinational auto giant
244:. Toyota, however, overtook GM as the best-selling automaker in the United States in 2021, marking the first time a non-American automaker has led US auto sales for a full year.
1609:
1404:
1191:"Chevrolet Volt and Aveo, Pontiac G3 Among Small Cars That Need Big Profits - Car News/Latest News & Reviews/Car Shopping/Hot Lists/Reviews/Car and Driver - Car And Driver"
3692:
1557:
712:
252:, which was spun off from GM in 1999, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy after the UAW refused to cut their wages and GM is expected to be liable for a $ 7 billion shortfall.
782:
505:, a midship V6 powered, rear-wheel-drive sports car. The NSX, an acronym for "New Sports eXperimental", was billed as the first Japanese car capable of competing with
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193:. G.M., Ford and Chrysler were for a time the three largest automakers in the world, with G.M. and Ford remaining as the world's two largest until mid-
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1984:
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because of an earmarked impending tailpipe emissions requirement. In response, Governor Schwarzenegger told the Big Three to "get off butt".
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of Japanese car-makers beyond their econobox successes, as well as being credited as a catalyst for the import performance parts industry.
42:
is used for the country's three largest motor vehicle manufacturers, especially indicating companies that sell under multiple brand names.
1933:
1163:
6022:
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542:), so they have lower wage expenses and do not face the risk of strikes. The VER was lifted in 1994 upon agreement of all members of
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In 2008, with relatively high energy prices, a stagnant and declining economy and an overall tense market situation due to the
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264:, while they often could not break even on compact cars unless the buyer chose options. Ron Harbour, in releasing the
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system offered on a motor vehicle, and numerous interior luxury appointments. These made it competitive against the
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561:. Suzuki, Mazda, and Mitsubishi are in a distant fourth, fifth, and sixth place compared to the Japanese Big Three.
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capitalization. In 2021 Tesla was worth more than all of Japan‘s and Germany‘s largest automakers combined.
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are often referred to as "Germany's Big Three", although the actual major automobile manufacturers are the
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did not file for bankruptcy. The United States and Canadian government control are reported as temporary.
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Once Upon a Car: The Fall and Resurrection of America's Big Three Auto Makers--GM, Ford, and Fiat Chrysler
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1682:"Lexus LS 400, LS 430 and LS 460 Generations: Setting the Standard in the Most Comfortable Way Possible"
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1074:"UAW, General Motors Temporarily Table Health Care Trust Negotiations After Five-Day Deadlock on Issue"
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was the first to form a large, multi-brand, motor-vehicle corporation (in the 1910s), followed by the
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634:), and are largely Germany based and carry out much of their research and development in the nation.
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1213:
645:, and later in mid-2010s also General Motors, to become the world's second largest automaker, after
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1815:"PERC - The Property and Environment Research Center: Voluntary Export Restraints on Automobiles"
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which debuted at $ 38,000 in the US, in some markets being priced against mid-sized six cylinder
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The Legend was built on the Accord platform, and the Integra was built on the Civic platform.
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1332:"GM, Ford idle 1,365 workers—auto industry layoffs signal coming downturn in US economy"
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In 2009, General Motors and Chrysler filed for and eventually successfully emerged from
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740:"Japan's Big Three Car Makers Show Different Corporate Styles - Japan Real Time - WSJ"
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BMW, Mercedes-Benz and Audi make up about 80 percent of the global luxury car market.
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which at the time drastically changed market situations and had a major impact on the
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331:, which is headquartered in the United Kingdom for taxation purposes and the Italian
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In 1990, four years after the debut of the Legend and Integra, Acura introduced the
305:
in order to restructure and liquidate burdensome corporate assets in the same year.
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1379:"Court Approves Sale of Chrysler LLC Operations to New Company Formed with Fiat"
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shows that Toyota holds the number 1 spot, Nissan number 6, and Honda number 7.
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1642:"At $ 631B, Tesla Is Now Worth More Than the Next Top 6 Car Companies Combined"
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490:, BMW and Mercedes-Benz, which by the time of Infiniti's release had overtaken
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46:
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Company still exists but is no longer in the automotive manufacturing business
1818:
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189:, although Chrysler has been surpassed as the third-largest U.S. automaker by
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at a relatively low price compared to other foreign sports cars of the time (
153:
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1558:"After long journey, Fiat Chrysler and PSA seal merger to become Stellantis"
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Volkswagen Group has long been the largest automaker in Europe. In the late-
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Non-U.S. based parent company that owns subsidiaries headquartered in U.S.
1902:"World Motor Vehicle Production: World Ranking of Manufacturers Year 2010"
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1584:"Tesla is the fastest-growing car brand in the world | Motoring Research"
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405:
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157:
416:, etc.), while providing performance, reliability, and good looks. This
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Arnold Schwarzenegger at LA Auto Show 60 Minutes Interview Energy Green
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reorganization bankruptcy and its stake was subsequently bought by the
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has since been sometimes used to refer to the following automakers:
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8540:
8504:
8234:
8174:
7824:
7809:
7754:
7722:
7574:
7467:
7324:
7229:
7205:
6860:
6798:
6748:
6743:
6718:
6710:
6611:
6581:
6298:
6197:
5084:
4942:
4808:
4789:
4584:
4488:
4441:
4322:
4122:
3732:
3621:
3165:
3123:
3050:
2033:
510:
491:
459:
433:
417:
269:
237:
182:
140:
54:
3793:
1668:"Canada's 10 best-selling vehicles in 2019's first three quarters"
1212:
John D. Stoll; Liz Rappaport & Matthew Dolan (July 30, 2008).
462:
became a player on the luxury market mostly thanks to its popular
8772:
8742:
8705:
8670:
8660:
8535:
8260:
8244:
8216:
8122:
8077:
7569:
7145:
7095:
6855:
6768:
6705:
6458:
6363:
6237:
6178:
6166:
6120:
5805:
5694:
5351:
5264:
5229:
4680:
4357:
3785:
3361:
3305:
3210:
2988:
2923:
2209:
2185:
1610:"Tesla valuation more than nine largest carmakers combined: Why?"
670:
650:
506:
483:
451:
413:
211:
8042:
8802:
8792:
8777:
8665:
8566:
8462:
8457:
8388:
8323:
8290:
8280:
8169:
8142:
7702:
7682:
7649:
7619:
7319:
7300:
7293:
7223:
7210:
7064:
6833:
6828:
6773:
6733:
6685:
6655:
6531:
6413:
6403:
6368:
6095:
6085:
5780:
5699:
5386:
5306:
5272:
4690:
4655:
4579:
4510:
4468:
4170:
4162:
4138:
4105:
3865:
3759:
3440:
3369:
3353:
2947:
2145:
994:"Parting shot: Delphi exec Steve Miller blasts UAW in new book"
783:"Why are all the big American car companies based in Michigan?"
646:
630:
before that, whilst Ford Werke is a wholly owned subsidiary of
527:
466:. The vehicle included a class-leading (at the time) 278
390:
370:
366:
225:
219:
198:
123:
115:
1512:"Your favorite car companies are about to look very different"
1436:"Fiat Buys some of U.S.'s Chrysler Stake, Right to UAW Shares"
214:
area. The majority of their operations are unionized with the
8807:
8514:
8494:
8199:
8179:
7986:
7749:
7717:
7664:
7624:
7559:
7514:
7504:
7455:
7430:
7336:
7132:
7103:
7089:
7084:
7002:
6723:
6690:
6601:
6443:
6383:
6154:
6100:
6078:
6056:
5669:
5482:
5336:
5117:
4818:
4755:
4596:
4436:
4130:
3727:
3702:
2915:
2289:
2233:
2111:
2084:
1985:"Global Luxury Car Market Report 2017 - Research and Markets"
825:"Toyota passes Ford as 2nd-biggest auto seller in US in 2007"
713:"Why the German Big Three could become the European Big Five"
638:
559:
the sixth largest in the world in 2005 and later 2010 to 2017
551:
539:
429:
424:
374:
317:
206:
194:
119:
4240:
676:
Daimler AG holds major stakes in other automakers including
8519:
8159:
7769:
7509:
7347:
6938:
6888:
6586:
6242:
6149:
4823:
4295:
4044:
2116:
1614:
654:
611:
588:
487:
471:
321:
1930:"Toyota Named World's Top Automotive Brand - AutoWeb News"
966:"Delphi files Chapter 11 after union, GM talks break down"
8029:
6633:
6323:
6051:
2294:
1539:"Fiat Chrysler Moves to NYSE in Challenge to Detroit Two"
596:
571:
International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers
498:
in dominating the luxury segment of the American market.
409:
106:
1748:
846:"Toyota overtakes GM as America's top-selling automaker"
3700:
1142:"So long, friend. Ford producing last Taurus next week"
1362:"Plummeting Resale Values Lead Chrysler to End Leases"
1214:"GM, Ford Scale Back Car Leases as Era Ends - WSJ.com"
1166:. The Truth About Cars. September 2006. Archived from
5884:
List of automobiles manufactured in the United States
687:
branded vehicles, and has been the parent company of
339:
after FCA Group merged with the largely pan-European
1405:"Fiat May Increase Chrysler Stake to 51% Before IPO"
312:
On June 10, 2009, Chrysler Group LLC emerged from a
7917:: Defunct companies and marques above are shown in
5981:
2658:Chrysler World Headquarters and Technology Center
1052:"German auto union head suggests GM cut US costs"
526:measures that the US may have taken, where it be
232:, became that year for the first time one of the
8900:
1397:
268:’s 2008 Harbour Report, stated that many small “
45:The term originated in the United States, where
27:In the U.S., General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler
5889:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
1275:"Why Honda is growing as Detroit falls behind"
903:
901:
899:
897:
895:
7969:
6985:
6909:German Association of the Automotive Industry
5967:
4226:
3686:
3632:United States Council for Automotive Research
2833:
2554:United States Council for Automotive Research
2388:Chrysler First Financial Services Corporation
2018:
1979:
1977:
1786:
1759:
1684:. Edmunds.com. March 13, 2003. Archived from
1188:
762:"Study: Ford to Top GM in Production by 2005"
454:in terms of ride, handling and performance.
6206:
4846:Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing
2032:
1433:
939:"CAW says "no two-tier wages" in bargaining"
1896:
1894:
1714:"Zen and the Art of Automotive Maintenance"
1712:Detroit, S.C. Gwynne (September 17, 1990).
1674:
1434:Higgins, Tim; Welch, David (June 3, 2011).
892:
389:was the best-selling car in its segment in
7976:
7962:
7876:Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association
6992:
6978:
5974:
5960:
4233:
4219:
3693:
3679:
2840:
2826:
2025:
2011:
1974:
1841:"Why Toyota Is Afraid Of Being Number One"
1555:
1236:"The discounting treadmill - BusinessWeek"
991:
446:magazine as better than both the $ 63,000
1100:"Storied Ford Taurus reaches end of line"
867:
564:Toyota, Honda, and Nissan are all in the
4242:Automotive industry in the United States
1891:
1743:
1741:
1536:
1134:
1118:
715:. Oppositelock.kinja.com. Archived from
170:Automotive industry in the United States
1711:
1556:Piovaccari, Giulio (January 16, 2021).
1342:from the original on September 28, 2008
1298:
1272:
1092:
1080:. Kaisernetwork.org. September 20, 2007
843:
710:
649:. It is also the parent group of Audi,
14:
8901:
5899:North American International Auto Show
2847:
1879:from the original on December 10, 2008
1707:
1705:
1703:
1464:
780:
737:
544:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
509:and Porsche. This vehicle served as a
346:In more recent times California-based
283:The Big Three filed a lawsuit against
7957:
6973:
5955:
4474:Growler Manufacturing and Engineering
4214:
3674:
2821:
2006:
1873:"About | Press Release Articles"
1738:
1381:. News.prnewswire.com. Archived from
1329:
1311:from the original on October 25, 2008
1017:
963:
863:
861:
610:Other major German manufacturers are
230:the world's largest automaker in 2006
8883:
7938:
3655:
2802:
4263:Transportation in the United States
2580:DaimlerChrysler–Mitsubishi alliance
1791:. Financialpost.com. Archived from
1764:. Financialpost.com. Archived from
1700:
1586:. November 28, 2020. Archived from
1537:Clothier, Mark (October 12, 2014).
1020:"Bankruptcy Is Delphi's Trump Card"
992:Shepardson, David (April 9, 2007).
868:Van Praet, Nicolas (June 4, 2008).
844:Telford, Taylor (January 5, 2022).
781:Palmer, Brian (February 29, 2012).
738:Dvorak, Phred (November 21, 2013).
24:
6429:North German Automobile and Engine
4368:Environmental Performance Vehicles
2458:DaimlerChrysler Motors Company LLC
1465:Healey, James (January 21, 2014).
1238:. Businessweek.com. Archived from
858:
327:Due to the corporate structure of
25:
18:Big Three automobile manufacturers
8920:
7590:Shindengen Electric Manufacturing
2668:Highland Park Headquarters Campus
1644:. August 17, 2021. Archived from
1618:. August 11, 2021. Archived from
1078:Kaiser Daily Health Policy Report
919:from the original on July 2, 2008
622:since 2021 and had been owned by
603:(majority owner of Audi AG), the
440:and BMW models, and was rated by
197:when they both were surpassed by
34:United States automotive industry
8882:
8873:
8872:
8344:Carrozzeria Touring Superleggera
7985:
7937:
7928:
7927:
7001:
5935:
5926:
5925:
5894:New York International Auto Show
5732:Cooper Tire & Rubber Company
5576:Kia Motors Manufacturing Georgia
4197:
4196:
4068:
3654:
3645:
3644:
3322:Automotive Fuel Cell Cooperation
2987:
2801:
2792:
2791:
2779:Commercial Utility Cargo Vehicle
2083:
1958:. Prnewswire.com. Archived from
1932:. Autoweb.com.au. Archived from
1749:Acura History page > timeline
1018:Welch, David (August 25, 2005).
163:
6329:Edelsbrunner Automobile München
1948:
1922:
1865:
1833:
1807:
1780:
1753:
1660:
1634:
1602:
1576:
1549:
1530:
1504:
1484:
1467:"Done deal: Fiat owns Chrysler"
1458:
1427:
1371:
1360:Bunkley, Nick (July 26, 2008).
1354:
1323:
1299:Isidore, Chris (June 3, 2008).
1292:
1266:
1254:
1228:
1205:
1182:
1156:
1066:
1044:
1011:
985:
964:Carty, Sharon (March 2, 2007).
957:
931:
7635:Toyo Tire & Rubber Company
6409:Markranstädter Automobilfabrik
6189:Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles
5983:Automotive industry in Germany
4978:Clydesdale Motor Truck Company
3011:Automotive Components Holdings
1189:ALISA PRIDDLE (June 6, 2008).
837:
817:
797:
774:
754:
731:
704:
583:Automobile industry in Germany
13:
1:
6389:Kersting-Modellbauwerkstätten
5342:North American Bus Industries
4427:General Dynamics Land Systems
1330:White, Jerry (May 27, 2000).
1273:Krisher, Tom (July 3, 2008).
1164:"Ford Taurus: Oedipus Wrecks"
1054:. Wsws.org. November 17, 2004
805:"Toyota speeds past Chrysler"
697:
185:are often referred to as the
7992:Automotive industry in Italy
7785:Subaru Tecnica International
7008:Automotive industry in Japan
5665:American Expedition Vehicles
4661:Scuderia Cameron Glickenhaus
4258:Economy of the United States
361:Automotive industry in Japan
236:of the U.S. when surpassing
7:
7187:Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
6424:Neue Automobil Gesellschaft
5769:Proterra (bus manufacturer)
2466:Cerberus Capital Management
1127:Final Ford Taurus interview
520:Voluntary Export Restraints
10:
8925:
8083:Industria Italiana Autobus
7605:Sumitomo Rubber Industries
5832:Rezvani Automotive Designs
4973:Checker Motors Corporation
3582:Grimshaw v. Ford Motor Co.
3245:AutoAlliance International
3186:Special Vehicle Operations
2081:
1817:. Perc.org. Archived from
1130:. ABC News. July 26, 2007.
580:
576:
358:
228:, which surpassed G.M. as
167:
8868:
8832:
8816:
8638:
8596:
8575:
8559:
8528:
8408:
8401:
8304:
8253:
8225:
8190:
8028:
8021:
7998:
7909:
7868:
7843:
7820:Toyota Racing Development
7673:
7423:
7407:
7391:
7364:
7055:
7046:
7037:
7014:
6901:
6869:
6622:
6487:
6260:
6219:Gumpert Aiways Automobile
6040:Gumpert Aiways Automobile
6021:
6012:
5989:
5912:
5879:Interstate Highway System
5861:
5845:
5814:
5644:
5632:Volkswagen (Westmoreland)
5604:
5538:
5531:
5458:
4968:Carbon Motors Corporation
4859:
4731:
4607:Global Electric Motorcars
4553:Millennium Luxury Coaches
4282:
4271:
4248:
4194:
4115:
4086:
4077:
4066:
4021:
3770:
3720:
3713:
3640:
3561:
3523:
3471:
3393:
3354:Getrag Ford Transmissions
3298:
3237:
3228:
3106:
3003:
2996:
2985:
2892:
2864:
2855:
2787:
2754:
2681:
2650:
2602:
2562:
2546:
2537:
2521:
2502:Fiat Chrysler Automobiles
2443:
2424:
2415:
2398:Global Electric Motorcars
2380:
2313:
2282:
2273:
2130:
2099:
2092:
2066:Chapter 11 reorganization
2040:
1301:"GM: Trucks out, cars in"
329:Fiat Chrysler Automobiles
5596:Volkswagen (Chattanooga)
4963:Boulder Electric Vehicle
4363:Chenowth Racing Products
4134:(c.1971–2006; up to 49%)
3531:M-Sport World Rally Team
3414:Michigan Central Station
3181:Premier Automotive Group
2034:Stellantis North America
1279:San Francisco Chronicles
354:
307:General Motors of Canada
303:Chapter 11 restructuring
296:subprime mortgage crisis
278:subprime mortgage crisis
7660:Yokohama Rubber Company
6794:Opel Performance Center
5581:Mercedes-Benz (Alabama)
5468:Alpha Motor Corporation
5240:International Harvester
3575:Dodge v. Ford Motor Co.
3408:Detroit Corktown campus
3176:New Holland Agriculture
2074:Chrysler Classic Racing
1336:World Socialist Website
393:for 22 years in a row.
150:Mahindra & Mahindra
8058:Automobili Pininfarina
7891:Used vehicle exporting
6877:Mercedes-Benz Mobility
6592:Rheinmetall Automotive
6339:Eisenacher Motorenwerk
6279:Automobilwerk Eisenach
4563:Motor Coach Industries
4182:(1992–2015; up to 50%)
4174:(1985–2008; up to 20%)
4126:(2000–2005; up to 20%)
2585:Global Engine Alliance
2478:United States Treasury
2393:Eurostar Automobilwerk
1846:Bloomberg Businessweek
1409:Bloomberg BusinessWeek
909:"The not-so-Big Three"
689:Rolls-Royce Motor Cars
423:Before Honda unveiled
262:Sport utility vehicles
6841:Steinmetz Opel Tuning
6824:Singer Vehicle Design
6784:Motoren Technik Mayer
6091:Krauss-Maffei Wegmann
5822:Calty Design Research
5622:General Motors (list)
5561:General Motors (list)
5347:Oliver Farm Equipment
4457:Chevrolet Performance
4318:Amp Electric Vehicles
4150:(2012–2013; up to 7%)
3499:William Clay Ford Jr.
3253:AutoAlliance Thailand
2529:Maxwell Motor Company
1242:on September 14, 2008
915:. CBC. June 3, 2008.
385:. For instance, the
289:Arnold Schwarzenegger
133:Hyundai Motor Company
8817:Foreign subsidiaries
8676:Colotti Trasmissioni
8616:Carrozzeria Maggiora
8611:Carrozzeria Garavini
8597:Design, engineering,
8334:Carrozzeria Castagna
8329:Carrozzeria Boneschi
8305:Design, engineering,
8271:Lucchini Engineering
8073:Ducati Motor Holding
7856:Yanase Imported Cars
7365:Foreign subsidiaries
6919:Frankfurt Motor Show
6649:Schnitzer Motorsport
6439:Protos of Nonnendamm
6004:Transport in Germany
5837:Wheego Electric Cars
4506:International Motors
3502:(Executive Chairman)
3191:Special Vehicle Team
3016:Changan Ford (China)
1821:on February 16, 2009
1795:on February 16, 2009
1768:on February 16, 2009
1590:on November 28, 2020
880:on February 16, 2009
522:in order to preempt
365:Japanese automakers
55:Chrysler Corporation
8909:Automotive industry
8529:Commercial vehicles
8364:Italdesign Giugiaro
8359:Giannini Automobili
8286:Picchio Racing Cars
8192:Commercial vehicles
8148:Giannini Automobili
8093:Mazzanti Automobili
8003:Automotive industry
7815:Toyota Gazoo Racing
7545:Mitsuba Corporation
7277:Sony Honda Mobility
7019:Automotive industry
6819:Schubert Motorsport
6106:Mercedes-Benz Group
5994:Automotive industry
4253:Automotive industry
4147:PSA Peugeot Citroën
3419:Roosevelt Warehouse
2575:Diamond-Star Motors
1936:on October 23, 2009
1789:"Caw Girds For War"
1787:Nicolas Van Praet.
1762:"Caw Girds For War"
1760:Nicolas Van Praet.
1726:on October 13, 2007
870:"CAW Girds For War"
851:The Washington Post
719:on October 12, 2016
614:and American-owned
605:Mercedes-Benz Group
476:four wheel steering
418:broadened the image
383:automotive industry
216:United Auto Workers
103:Mercedes-Benz Group
8840:Bologna Motor Show
8048:Automobili Estrema
8008:Transport in Italy
7655:Yazaki Corporation
7610:Takata Corporation
7282:Subaru Corporation
7029:Transport in Japan
6882:Mercedes-Benz Bank
6607:ZF Friedrichshafen
5999:Economy of Germany
5776:Remy International
4602:Polaris Industries
4301:Challenger Tractor
4166:(c.1999–2006; 20%)
3403:World Headquarters
3330:Changan Ford Mazda
3317:(Argentina/Brazil)
3229:Joint ventures and
2849:Ford Motor Company
2767:Ford Motor Company
2482:Chrysler Group LLC
2205:(1955–75, 1981–83)
1962:on January 3, 2009
1648:on August 17, 2021
1622:on August 11, 2021
1494:, William Morrow,
1415:on January 6, 2011
1366:The New York Times
1193:. Caranddriver.com
1170:on January 8, 2009
1106:. October 23, 2006
1032:on October 7, 2008
833:. January 3, 2008.
813:. January 4, 2007.
683:BMW also produces
632:Ford Motor Company
448:Mercedes-Benz W126
179:Ford Motor Company
51:Ford Motor Company
8896:
8895:
8634:
8633:
8606:Carrozzeria Barbi
8599:and coachbuilding
8397:
8396:
8307:and coachbuilding
7951:
7950:
7864:
7863:
7745:Mugen Motorsports
7645:Tsubakimoto Chain
7408:Defunct factories
7387:
7386:
7192:Mitsubishi Motors
7048:Vehicle producers
6967:
6966:
6897:
6896:
6729:Hamann Motorsport
6289:Baijah Automotive
6256:
6255:
6047:Artega Automobile
5949:
5948:
5904:SAE International
5874:Chicago Auto Show
5764:Phoenix Motorcars
5640:
5639:
5571:Hyundai (Alabama)
5454:
5453:
5406:Twentieth Century
5100:Fisker Coachbuild
5095:Fisker Automotive
4884:American LaFrance
4879:American Electric
4666:SSC North America
4447:Cadillac V series
4393:ElDorado National
4208:
4207:
4190:
4189:
4183:
4175:
4167:
4159:
4151:
4143:
4135:
4127:
4098:
4078:Shareholdings and
4064:
4063:
4057:
4049:
4041:
4033:
4014:
4006:
3998:
3990:
3982:
3974:
3966:
3958:
3950:
3942:
3934:
3926:
3918:
3910:
3902:
3894:
3886:
3878:
3870:
3862:
3854:
3846:
3838:
3830:
3822:
3814:
3806:
3798:
3790:
3782:
3668:
3667:
3627:Pay on production
3389:
3388:
3224:
3223:
3149:Hertz Corporation
2983:
2982:
2815:
2814:
2637:Sergio Marchionne
2632:Thomas W. LaSorda
2598:
2597:
2517:
2516:
2436:
2411:
2410:
2305:Stellantis Canada
2269:
2268:
1564:. Thomson Reuters
1385:on March 22, 2012
830:Los Angeles Times
810:Los Angeles Times
767:Los Angeles Times
480:active suspension
450:and the $ 55,000
191:Toyota of America
16:(Redirected from
8916:
8886:
8885:
8876:
8875:
8788:Raicam Industrie
8736:Weber carburetor
8731:Carello Lighting
8711:Isotta Fraschini
8626:I.DE.A Institute
8485:Isotta Fraschini
8438:BredaMenarinibus
8406:
8405:
8339:Carrozzeria Ghia
8296:Wolf Racing Cars
8026:
8025:
8013:Economy of Italy
7990:
7989:
7978:
7971:
7964:
7955:
7954:
7941:
7940:
7931:
7930:
7921:
7896:National Highway
7886:Tokyo Auto Salon
7881:Tokyo Motor Show
7595:Stanley Electric
7535:Marelli Holdings
7399:Toyota Factories
7392:Active factories
7053:
7052:
7044:
7043:
7024:Economy of Japan
7006:
7005:
6994:
6987:
6980:
6971:
6970:
6517:Dräxlmaier Group
6214:Apollo Automobil
6204:
6203:
6145:Volkswagen Group
6035:Apollo Automobil
6019:
6018:
5976:
5969:
5962:
5953:
5952:
5939:
5929:
5928:
5586:Subaru (Indiana)
5536:
5535:
5508:Lordstown Motors
5478:Bollinger Motors
5367:Sebring Vanguard
5105:Force Protection
5090:Fitch Four Drive
4723:Zero Motorcycles
4533:Lenco Industries
4523:Karma Automotive
4373:Equus Automotive
4280:
4279:
4235:
4228:
4221:
4212:
4211:
4200:
4199:
4181:
4173:
4165:
4158:(2015–2020; 25%)
4157:
4149:
4142:(2009–2019; 50%)
4141:
4133:
4125:
4096:
4084:
4083:
4072:
4071:
4055:
4047:
4039:
4031:
4012:
4004:
3996:
3988:
3980:
3972:
3964:
3956:
3948:
3940:
3932:
3924:
3916:
3908:
3900:
3892:
3884:
3876:
3868:
3860:
3852:
3844:
3836:
3828:
3820:
3812:
3804:
3796:
3788:
3780:
3718:
3717:
3695:
3688:
3681:
3672:
3671:
3658:
3657:
3648:
3647:
3546:World Rally Team
3511:
3503:
3495:
3382:
3374:
3366:
3358:
3350:
3342:
3334:
3326:
3318:
3310:
3291:
3287:Jiangling Motors
3283:
3275:
3262:
3249:
3235:
3234:
3001:
3000:
2991:
2976:
2968:
2960:
2952:
2944:
2936:
2928:
2920:
2912:
2904:
2862:
2861:
2842:
2835:
2828:
2819:
2818:
2805:
2804:
2795:
2794:
2627:C. Robert Kidder
2544:
2543:
2510:
2506:Fiat-Chrysler US
2498:
2486:
2474:
2462:
2455:
2434:
2422:
2421:
2373:
2365:
2357:
2349:
2341:
2333:
2325:
2280:
2279:
2262:
2254:
2246:
2238:
2230:
2222:
2214:
2206:
2198:
2190:
2182:
2174:
2166:
2158:
2150:
2142:
2097:
2096:
2087:
2052:
2027:
2020:
2013:
2004:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1981:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1906:
1898:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1849:. Archived from
1837:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1757:
1751:
1745:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1722:. Archived from
1709:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1688:on April 1, 2007
1678:
1672:
1671:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1508:
1502:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1442:. Archived from
1431:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1411:. Archived from
1401:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1375:
1369:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1028:. Archived from
1015:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1004:
989:
983:
982:
980:
978:
961:
955:
954:
952:
950:
945:. March 27, 2008
935:
929:
928:
926:
924:
905:
890:
889:
887:
885:
876:. Archived from
865:
856:
855:
841:
835:
834:
821:
815:
814:
801:
795:
794:
792:
790:
778:
772:
771:
758:
752:
751:
749:
747:
735:
729:
728:
726:
724:
708:
601:Volkswagen Group
587:The German trio
203:Volkswagen Group
99:Volkswagen Group
21:
8924:
8923:
8919:
8918:
8917:
8915:
8914:
8913:
8899:
8898:
8897:
8892:
8864:
8845:Turin Auto Show
8828:
8812:
8630:
8598:
8592:
8571:
8555:
8524:
8410:
8409:Passenger cars
8393:
8306:
8300:
8249:
8240:Giotti Victoria
8221:
8186:
8032:
8017:
7994:
7984:
7982:
7952:
7947:
7924:
7913:
7905:
7860:
7839:
7675:
7669:
7630:Topy Industries
7580:NTN Corporation
7550:Nachi-Fujikoshi
7525:Kayaba Industry
7500:IHI Corporation
7419:
7403:
7383:
7360:
7198:Mitsubishi Fuso
7126:Kawasaki Motors
7057:
7033:
7010:
7000:
6998:
6968:
6963:
6893:
6865:
6764:Koenig Specials
6759:Karosserie Baur
6626:
6624:
6618:
6552:HQM Sachsenring
6483:
6394:Kleinschnittger
6265:
6263:
6252:
6202:
6026:
6024:
6008:
5985:
5980:
5950:
5945:
5922:
5908:
5857:
5841:
5810:
5786:Shelby American
5652:
5650:performance car
5648:
5646:
5645:Auto component
5636:
5612:Chrysler (list)
5600:
5551:Chrysler (list)
5546:BMW Spartanburg
5527:
5523:Trion Supercars
5460:
5450:
5134:General Motors
4889:American Motors
4874:American Austin
4861:
4855:
4733:
4727:
4634:Holiday Rambler
4538:Lockheed Martin
4479:Harley-Davidson
4333:ATK motorcycles
4306:Massey Ferguson
4284:
4275:
4273:
4267:
4244:
4239:
4209:
4204:
4186:
4111:
4079:
4073:
4069:
4060:
4017:
3766:
3709:
3699:
3669:
3664:
3636:
3557:
3519:
3515:List of leaders
3509:
3501:
3493:
3467:
3453:Proving grounds
3395:
3385:
3380:
3372:
3364:
3356:
3348:
3340:
3332:
3324:
3316:
3308:
3294:
3289:
3281:
3273:
3260:
3247:
3230:
3220:
3159:Daimler Company
3102:
3098:Southern Africa
2992:
2979:
2974:
2966:
2958:
2950:
2942:
2934:
2926:
2918:
2910:
2902:
2888:
2857:
2851:
2846:
2816:
2811:
2783:
2750:
2677:
2673:Proving grounds
2646:
2612:Walter Chrysler
2594:
2590:Massey Ferguson
2558:
2539:
2538:Joint ventures
2533:
2513:
2508:
2496:
2484:
2472:
2460:
2453:
2451:DaimlerChrysler
2439:
2417:
2407:
2376:
2371:
2363:
2355:
2347:
2339:
2331:
2323:
2309:
2275:
2265:
2260:
2252:
2244:
2236:
2228:
2220:
2212:
2204:
2196:
2188:
2180:
2172:
2164:
2156:
2148:
2140:
2126:
2088:
2079:
2050:
2036:
2031:
2001:
2000:
1990:
1988:
1987:(Press release)
1983:
1982:
1975:
1965:
1963:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1939:
1937:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1913:
1911:
1904:
1900:
1899:
1892:
1882:
1880:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1856:
1854:
1853:on July 8, 2012
1839:
1838:
1834:
1824:
1822:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1798:
1796:
1785:
1781:
1771:
1769:
1758:
1754:
1746:
1739:
1729:
1727:
1710:
1701:
1691:
1689:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1651:
1649:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1625:
1623:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1593:
1591:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1567:
1565:
1554:
1550:
1535:
1531:
1521:
1519:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1489:
1485:
1475:
1473:
1463:
1459:
1449:
1447:
1446:on June 7, 2011
1432:
1428:
1418:
1416:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1388:
1386:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1359:
1355:
1345:
1343:
1328:
1324:
1314:
1312:
1297:
1293:
1283:
1281:
1271:
1267:
1263:- YouTube video
1259:
1255:
1245:
1243:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1219:
1217:
1210:
1206:
1196:
1194:
1187:
1183:
1173:
1171:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1147:
1145:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1109:
1107:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1083:
1081:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1057:
1055:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1035:
1033:
1016:
1012:
1002:
1000:
990:
986:
976:
974:
962:
958:
948:
946:
937:
936:
932:
922:
920:
907:
906:
893:
883:
881:
866:
859:
842:
838:
823:
822:
818:
803:
802:
798:
788:
786:
779:
775:
770:. June 7, 1999.
760:
759:
755:
745:
743:
742:. Blogs.wsj.com
736:
732:
722:
720:
709:
705:
700:
678:Mitsubishi Fuso
641:, it edged out
585:
579:
550:high-end brand
379:1973 oil crisis
363:
357:
201:(and later the
172:
166:
137:Kia Corporation
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8922:
8912:
8911:
8894:
8893:
8891:
8890:
8880:
8869:
8866:
8865:
8863:
8862:
8857:
8852:
8847:
8842:
8836:
8834:
8833:Related topics
8830:
8829:
8827:
8826:
8820:
8818:
8814:
8813:
8811:
8810:
8805:
8800:
8795:
8790:
8785:
8780:
8775:
8770:
8765:
8760:
8755:
8750:
8745:
8740:
8739:
8738:
8733:
8726:Marelli Europe
8723:
8718:
8713:
8708:
8703:
8698:
8693:
8688:
8686:FPT Industrial
8683:
8678:
8673:
8668:
8663:
8658:
8653:
8648:
8642:
8640:
8636:
8635:
8632:
8631:
8629:
8628:
8623:
8621:Gruppo Bertone
8618:
8613:
8608:
8602:
8600:
8594:
8593:
8591:
8590:
8585:
8579:
8577:
8573:
8572:
8570:
8569:
8563:
8561:
8557:
8556:
8554:
8553:
8548:
8543:
8538:
8532:
8530:
8526:
8525:
8523:
8522:
8517:
8512:
8507:
8502:
8497:
8492:
8487:
8482:
8481:
8480:
8475:
8465:
8460:
8455:
8450:
8445:
8440:
8435:
8430:
8425:
8420:
8414:
8412:
8403:
8399:
8398:
8395:
8394:
8392:
8391:
8386:
8381:
8376:
8371:
8366:
8361:
8356:
8351:
8346:
8341:
8336:
8331:
8326:
8321:
8316:
8310:
8308:
8302:
8301:
8299:
8298:
8293:
8288:
8283:
8278:
8273:
8268:
8263:
8257:
8255:
8251:
8250:
8248:
8247:
8242:
8237:
8231:
8229:
8223:
8222:
8220:
8219:
8214:
8213:
8212:
8207:
8196:
8194:
8188:
8187:
8185:
8184:
8183:
8182:
8177:
8172:
8167:
8162:
8157:
8152:
8151:
8150:
8135:
8130:
8125:
8120:
8115:
8110:
8105:
8100:
8095:
8090:
8085:
8080:
8075:
8070:
8065:
8060:
8055:
8050:
8045:
8039:
8037:
8030:Passenger cars
8023:
8019:
8018:
8016:
8015:
8010:
8005:
7999:
7996:
7995:
7981:
7980:
7973:
7966:
7958:
7949:
7948:
7946:
7945:
7935:
7923:
7922:
7910:
7907:
7906:
7904:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7878:
7872:
7870:
7869:Related topics
7866:
7865:
7862:
7861:
7859:
7858:
7853:
7851:Autobacs Seven
7847:
7845:
7841:
7840:
7838:
7837:
7832:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7802:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7777:
7772:
7767:
7762:
7757:
7752:
7747:
7742:
7737:
7732:
7725:
7720:
7715:
7710:
7705:
7700:
7695:
7690:
7685:
7679:
7677:
7674:Motorsport and
7671:
7670:
7668:
7667:
7662:
7657:
7652:
7647:
7642:
7640:Toyota Boshoku
7637:
7632:
7627:
7622:
7617:
7612:
7607:
7602:
7597:
7592:
7587:
7582:
7577:
7572:
7567:
7562:
7557:
7552:
7547:
7542:
7537:
7532:
7527:
7522:
7517:
7512:
7507:
7502:
7497:
7492:
7491:
7490:
7485:
7480:
7473:Hitachi Astemo
7470:
7465:
7464:
7463:
7453:
7448:
7443:
7438:
7433:
7427:
7425:
7421:
7420:
7418:
7417:
7411:
7409:
7405:
7404:
7402:
7401:
7395:
7393:
7389:
7388:
7385:
7384:
7382:
7381:
7379:General Motors
7376:
7368:
7366:
7362:
7361:
7359:
7358:
7353:
7352:
7351:
7344:
7339:
7334:
7327:
7317:
7312:
7311:
7310:
7298:
7297:
7296:
7291:
7279:
7274:
7273:
7272:
7265:
7260:
7253:
7246:
7239:
7232:
7227:
7220:
7208:
7203:
7202:
7201:
7195:
7189:
7179:
7178:
7177:
7170:
7163:
7156:
7149:
7142:
7130:
7129:
7128:
7118:
7113:
7112:
7111:
7101:
7100:
7099:
7092:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7061:
7059:
7050:
7041:
7035:
7034:
7032:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7015:
7012:
7011:
6997:
6996:
6989:
6982:
6974:
6965:
6964:
6962:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6905:
6903:
6902:Related topics
6899:
6898:
6895:
6894:
6892:
6891:
6886:
6885:
6884:
6873:
6871:
6867:
6866:
6864:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6846:Styling Garage
6843:
6838:
6837:
6836:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6814:Ruf Automobile
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6652:
6651:
6641:
6639:Abt Sportsline
6636:
6630:
6628:
6620:
6619:
6617:
6616:
6615:
6614:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6562:Löwe Automobil
6559:
6554:
6549:
6547:Hermann Peters
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6508:
6507:
6497:
6491:
6489:
6485:
6484:
6482:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6334:Ehrhardt-Szawe
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6304:Borgward Group
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6270:
6268:
6258:
6257:
6254:
6253:
6251:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6234:
6233:
6226:Ford of Europe
6223:
6222:
6221:
6210:
6208:
6201:
6200:
6195:
6194:
6193:
6192:
6191:
6181:
6176:
6175:
6174:
6169:
6159:
6158:
6157:
6142:
6140:Ruf Automobile
6137:
6136:
6135:
6125:
6124:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6082:
6081:
6076:
6066:
6065:
6064:
6059:
6049:
6044:
6043:
6042:
6031:
6029:
6016:
6010:
6009:
6007:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5990:
5987:
5986:
5979:
5978:
5971:
5964:
5956:
5947:
5946:
5944:
5943:
5933:
5921:
5920:
5917:
5913:
5910:
5909:
5907:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5865:
5863:
5862:Related topics
5859:
5858:
5856:
5855:
5849:
5847:
5843:
5842:
5840:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5818:
5816:
5815:Design studios
5812:
5811:
5809:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5772:
5771:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5744:Ingersoll Rand
5741:
5736:
5735:
5734:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5707:Detroit Diesel
5704:
5703:
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4094:SAIC-GM-Wuling
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3606:Ford v Ferrari
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1518:. May 18, 2017
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443:Car and Driver
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6988:
6983:
6981:
6976:
6975:
6972:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6924:Automechanika
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6906:
6904:
6900:
6890:
6887:
6883:
6880:
6879:
6878:
6875:
6874:
6872:
6868:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6835:
6832:
6831:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6804:Rieger Tuning
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6789:Novitec Group
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6779:MK-Motorsport
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6739:Hofele-Design
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6650:
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6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
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6621:
6613:
6610:
6609:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
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6307:
6305:
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6300:
6297:
6295:
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6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6271:
6269:
6267:
6259:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6232:
6229:
6228:
6227:
6224:
6220:
6217:
6216:
6215:
6212:
6211:
6209:
6207:Foreign owned
6205:
6199:
6196:
6190:
6187:
6186:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6173:
6170:
6168:
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6160:
6156:
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6152:
6151:
6148:
6147:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6134:
6131:
6130:
6129:
6126:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6111:Mercedes-Benz
6109:
6108:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6074:Daimler Buses
6072:
6071:
6070:
6069:Daimler Truck
6067:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6054:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6041:
6038:
6037:
6036:
6033:
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6028:
6020:
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6000:
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5988:
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5977:
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5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5860:
5854:
5853:Massachusetts
5851:
5850:
5848:
5844:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5819:
5817:
5813:
5807:
5804:
5802:
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5733:
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5725:
5723:
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5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5701:
5698:
5697:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5685:Callaway Cars
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5657:
5655:
5651:
5643:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
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5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5609:
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5603:
5597:
5594:
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5541:
5537:
5534:
5530:
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5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5488:Commuter Cars
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5473:Aptera Motors
5471:
5469:
5466:
5465:
5463:
5457:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
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5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
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5388:
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5380:
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5360:
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5348:
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5340:
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5308:
5305:
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5300:
5296:
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5292:
5291:
5288:
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5283:
5281:
5278:
5274:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5252:
5251:
5250:Kaiser-Frazer
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5193:Scripps-Booth
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
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5128:
5124:
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5119:
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5110:
5108:
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5098:
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5074:
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5066:
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5036:
5034:
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5026:
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5021:
5019:
5016:
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5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
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4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
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4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
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4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4896:
4895:
4892:
4891:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4858:
4852:
4849:
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4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4811:
4810:
4807:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4798:
4795:
4791:
4788:
4787:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4775:Mercedes-Benz
4773:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4764:
4761:
4757:
4754:
4753:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4746:Daimler Truck
4744:
4742:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4730:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4683:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4671:Superformance
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4645:
4644:Wheeled Coach
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4625:
4622:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4603:
4600:
4598:
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4586:
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4578:
4574:
4571:
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4529:
4526:
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4521:
4519:
4516:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
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4494:
4490:
4487:
4486:
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4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
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4460:
4458:
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4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
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4435:
4434:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4411:
4408:
4404:
4403:Starcraft Bus
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4348:Callaway Cars
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4297:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4281:
4278:
4274:manufacturers
4270:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4250:
4247:
4243:
4236:
4231:
4229:
4224:
4222:
4217:
4216:
4213:
4203:
4193:
4180:
4177:
4172:
4169:
4164:
4161:
4156:
4153:
4148:
4145:
4140:
4137:
4132:
4129:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4085:
4082:
4076:
4054:
4051:
4046:
4043:
4038:
4035:
4030:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4020:
4011:
4008:
4003:
4000:
3995:
3994:Welch-Detroit
3992:
3987:
3984:
3979:
3976:
3971:
3968:
3963:
3962:Scripps-Booth
3960:
3955:
3952:
3947:
3944:
3939:
3936:
3931:
3928:
3923:
3920:
3915:
3912:
3907:
3904:
3899:
3896:
3891:
3888:
3883:
3880:
3875:
3872:
3867:
3864:
3859:
3856:
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3840:
3835:
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3819:
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3808:
3803:
3800:
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3776:
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3769:
3761:
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3696:
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3661:
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3639:
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3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3599:The Ford Show
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3579:
3577:
3576:
3572:
3570:
3567:
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3549:
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3544:
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3526:
3522:
3516:
3513:
3508:
3505:
3500:
3497:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3458:Transmissions
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
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3415:
3412:
3411:
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3406:
3404:
3401:
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3398:
3392:
3379:
3376:
3371:
3368:
3363:
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3320:
3315:
3312:
3307:
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3297:
3288:
3285:
3280:
3277:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3236:
3233:
3231:shareholdings
3227:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
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3022:
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3012:
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2764:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2753:
2747:
2746:Transmissions
2744:
2742:
2739:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2694:3.3 & 3.8
2692:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2680:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
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2571:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2542:
2540:and alliances
2536:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2507:
2503:
2500:
2495:
2491:
2488:
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2016:
2014:
2009:
2008:
2005:
1986:
1980:
1978:
1961:
1957:
1951:
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1931:
1925:
1910:
1903:
1897:
1895:
1878:
1875:. Lexus.com.
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1500:0-06-208860-2
1497:
1493:
1490:Bill Vlasic,
1487:
1472:
1468:
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1445:
1441:
1440:Business Week
1437:
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718:
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711:Speedmonkey.
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635:
633:
629:
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621:
617:
613:
608:
606:
602:
598:
594:
593:Mercedes-Benz
590:
584:
574:
572:
567:
562:
560:
555:
553:
547:
545:
541:
535:
533:
532:import quotas
529:
525:
524:protectionism
521:
515:
512:
508:
504:
499:
497:
493:
489:
486:imports like
485:
481:
477:
474:) V8 engine,
473:
469:
465:
461:
455:
453:
449:
445:
444:
439:
438:Mercedes-Benz
435:
431:
426:
421:
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411:
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399:
396:As well, the
394:
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164:United States
159:
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154:Maruti Suzuki
151:
147:
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138:
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96:
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74:
73:United States
71:
70:
69:
67:
62:
60:
57:, all before
56:
52:
48:
43:
41:
40:
35:
30:
19:
8850:Autopromotec
8583:Stanguellini
8560:Quadricycles
8384:Studiotorino
8227:Quadricycles
8165:Professional
7918:
7914:
7775:Spoon Sports
7727:
7713:Honda Racing
7371:
7346:
7329:
7305:
7286:
7267:
7255:
7248:
7241:
7234:
7222:
7215:
7172:
7165:
7158:
7151:
7144:
7137:
7094:
6851:Team Rosberg
6754:Joest Racing
6644:AC Schnitzer
6419:Maurer-Union
6062:BMW Motorrad
5754:Lingenfelter
5722:General Tire
5591:Tesla (list)
5566:Honda (list)
5513:Myers Motors
5459:Concept and
5362:Pierce-Arrow
5317:Monaco Coach
5215:Goshen Coach
5208:Yellow Coach
5018:Diamond-Star
4988:Commonwealth
4734:subsidiaries
4558:Morgan Olson
4543:Lucid Motors
4383:Champion Bus
4378:Forest River
4328:Armour Group
4010:Yellow Coach
3771:Discontinued
3714:Wholly owned
3604:
3597:
3580:
3573:
3568:
3524:Racing teams
3338:Ford Sollers
3279:Ford Vietnam
3258:Changan Ford
3114:Aston Martin
2997:Subsidiaries
2893:Discontinued
2761:
2642:Louis Rhodes
2522:Predecessors
2505:
2493:
2481:
2470:Chrysler LLC
2469:
2457:
2276:subsidiaries
2072:
1989:. Retrieved
1964:. Retrieved
1960:the original
1950:
1938:. Retrieved
1934:the original
1924:
1912:. Retrieved
1881:. Retrieved
1867:
1855:. Retrieved
1851:the original
1844:
1835:
1823:. Retrieved
1819:the original
1809:
1797:. Retrieved
1793:the original
1782:
1770:. Retrieved
1766:the original
1755:
1728:. Retrieved
1724:the original
1717:
1690:. Retrieved
1686:the original
1676:
1662:
1650:. Retrieved
1646:the original
1636:
1624:. Retrieved
1620:the original
1613:
1604:
1592:. Retrieved
1588:the original
1578:
1566:. Retrieved
1561:
1551:
1542:
1532:
1522:December 22,
1520:. Retrieved
1515:
1506:
1491:
1486:
1474:. Retrieved
1470:
1460:
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1444:the original
1439:
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1413:the original
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1399:
1387:. Retrieved
1383:the original
1373:
1365:
1356:
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1335:
1325:
1313:. Retrieved
1304:
1294:
1282:. Retrieved
1278:
1268:
1256:
1244:. Retrieved
1240:the original
1230:
1218:. Retrieved
1207:
1195:. Retrieved
1184:
1172:. Retrieved
1168:the original
1158:
1146:. Retrieved
1136:
1126:
1120:
1108:. Retrieved
1104:Detroit News
1094:
1082:. Retrieved
1077:
1068:
1056:. Retrieved
1046:
1034:. Retrieved
1030:the original
1025:BusinessWeek
1023:
1013:
1001:. Retrieved
998:Detroit News
997:
987:
975:. Retrieved
969:
959:
947:. Retrieved
942:
933:
921:. Retrieved
912:
882:. Retrieved
878:the original
873:
849:
839:
828:
819:
808:
799:
789:February 22,
787:. Retrieved
776:
765:
756:
746:February 22,
744:. Retrieved
733:
723:February 22,
721:. Retrieved
717:the original
706:
693:
691:since 1998.
682:
675:
636:
609:
586:
566:BusinessWeek
565:
563:
556:
548:
536:
516:
500:
478:, the first
456:
441:
422:
395:
364:
345:
343:) in 2021.
326:
311:
300:
293:
282:
274:
266:Oliver Wyman
258:
254:
246:
241:
233:
224:
186:
173:
145:
128:
111:
94:
72:
65:
63:
59:World War II
44:
38:
37:
31:
29:
8716:Landi Renzo
8576:Racing cars
8473:Autobianchi
8468:Fiat S.p.A.
8374:Pininfarina
8314:Ares Design
8254:Racing cars
8108:Lamborghini
8098:Menarinibus
7901:Expressways
7835:Work Wheels
7795:Toda Racing
7760:Rays Wheels
7446:Bridgestone
6959:Nürburgring
6914:AMI Leipzig
6809:Rowe Racing
6623:Motorsport
6577:Mann+Hummel
6512:Continental
6128:Rheinmetall
5827:Designworks
5690:Caterpillar
5647:makers and
5617:Ford (list)
5556:Ford (list)
5493:Elio Motors
5113:Continental
5008:Cycle-Scoot
4797:Seres Group
4548:Mack Trucks
4353:Caterpillar
4056:(1925–2017)
4048:(1929–2017)
4040:(1989–2010)
4032:(1986–1993)
4013:(1925–1943)
4005:(1925–1943)
3997:(1910–1911)
3989:(1929–1931)
3981:(1971–1984)
3973:(1920–1921)
3965:(1916–1923)
3957:(1985–2010)
3949:(1909–1911)
3941:(1908–1911)
3933:(1968–1976)
3925:(1926–2010)
3917:(1988–1991)
3909:(1908–2004)
3901:(1909–1931)
3893:(1918–1942)
3885:(1929–1930)
3877:(1927–1940)
3869:(1931–2020)
3861:(1989–1997)
3853:(1938–2000)
3845:(1959–1970)
3837:(1908–1912)
3829:(1999–2011)
3821:(1909–1915)
3813:(1930–1986)
3805:(1966–1969)
3797:(1992–1994)
3789:(2010–2015)
3781:(1962–1971)
3701:Automotive
3536:Performance
3486:Ford Family
3410:properties
3271:Ford Otosan
3266:Ford Lio Ho
3088:Philippines
3083:New Zealand
2943:(1938–2011)
2908:Continental
2719:Polyspheric
2617:Lee Iacocca
2490:Fiat S.p.A.
2461:(1998–2007)
2403:Lamborghini
2221:(1928–2001)
2061:1939 strike
1991:October 17,
1966:November 1,
1940:November 1,
1883:November 1,
1857:November 1,
1825:November 1,
1799:November 1,
1772:November 1,
1346:October 30,
1315:October 30,
1284:October 30,
1246:November 1,
1220:November 1,
1197:November 1,
1058:November 1,
1036:October 28,
1003:October 28,
977:October 28,
949:October 28,
884:October 28,
785:. Slate.com
667:Lamborghini
607:, and BMW.
398:Nissan 240Z
387:Honda Civic
158:TATA Motors
129:South Korea
36:, the term
8860:Autostrade
8763:OMP Racing
8721:Lombardini
8639:Components
8433:Bizzarrini
8354:Fioravanti
8155:Alfa Romeo
8138:Stellantis
8113:OTO Melara
7805:Top Secret
7800:Tommykaira
7780:SSR Wheels
7765:RE Amemiya
7735:Mazdaspeed
7555:NHK Spring
7441:BluE Nexus
7424:Components
7182:Mitsubishi
6701:Dinan Cars
6666:Audi Sport
6597:Schaeffler
6572:Mahle Behr
6505:ETAS Group
6488:Components
6354:Goggomobil
6344:Fuldamobil
6284:Auto Union
6231:Ford-Werke
6184:Volkswagen
5801:Torrington
5680:BorgWarner
5675:BFGoodrich
5503:Fisker Inc
5377:Studebaker
5337:New United
5178:Oldsmobile
5168:McLaughlin
5038:Locomobile
5023:Duesenberg
5003:CNH Global
4904:Terraplane
4851:Volkswagen
4809:Stellantis
4780:Mitsubishi
4713:VIA Motors
4708:Ultimaster
4703:Trans Tech
4686:Arctic Cat
4518:John Deere
4496:HDT Global
4398:Glaval Bus
4313:AM General
4276:and brands
4002:Yellow Cab
3906:Oldsmobile
3890:McLaughlin
3593:Ford Field
3588:Fordlândia
3507:Jim Farley
3491:Henry Ford
3436:Motorcraft
3346:Ford Union
3314:AutoLatina
3171:Land Rover
3144:Ford Japan
3139:Ford India
3093:Quick Lane
2856:Divisions/
2432:Stellantis
2369:Jeep-Eagle
2048:Stellantis
1914:August 12,
1419:January 4,
1144:. Autoblog
1110:August 14,
698:References
620:Stellantis
616:Ford-Werke
470:(207
402:introduced
337:Stellantis
320:automaker
314:Chapter 11
285:California
270:econoboxes
168:See also:
85:Stellantis
53:, and the
8855:Euro NCAP
8753:Marzocchi
8696:Fondmetal
8691:VM Motori
8681:Dell'Orto
8651:Alcantara
8646:Accossato
8478:Innocenti
8453:Cisitalia
8448:Chiribiri
8210:Iveco Bus
8128:Puritalia
8103:Fornasari
8063:De Tomaso
7830:WedsSport
7565:Nisshinbo
7461:Denso Ten
7109:UD Trucks
7039:Companies
6934:Euro NCAP
6399:Kühlstein
6309:Brennabor
6266:producers
6027:producers
6014:Companies
5739:Hennessey
5717:Firestone
5532:Factories
5421:Visionary
5327:MotoCzysz
5295:Roosevelt
5225:GreenTech
5163:Marquette
5148:GM Diesel
5138:Cartercar
5065:Excalibur
5060:Eagle Bus
4860:Defunct /
4629:Fleetwood
4624:REV Group
4590:Peterbilt
4452:Chevrolet
4343:Blue Bird
3978:Statesman
3882:Marquette
3850:GM Diesel
3818:Cartercar
3745:Chevrolet
3569:Big Three
3494:(Founder)
3481:Designers
3448:Platforms
3431:Factories
3349:(Belarus)
3026:Argentina
3021:Australia
2975:(1939–65)
2967:(1946–61)
2959:(1949–76)
2951:(1985–89)
2932:Frontenac
2927:(1917–64)
2919:(1956–59)
2911:(1956–59)
2903:(1960–61)
2762:Big Three
2741:Platforms
2724:PowerTech
2714:Pentastar
2663:Factories
2509:(2014–21)
2497:(2011–14)
2485:(2009–11)
2473:(2007–09)
2418:companies
2372:(1987–97)
2364:(2007–09)
2356:(1970–81)
2348:(1967–81)
2340:(1951–81)
2337:Australia
2332:(1959–79)
2329:Argentina
2324:(1954–88)
2261:(1960–66)
2253:(1901–76)
2245:(2013–14)
2237:(1934–77)
2229:(1905–70)
2213:(1908–77)
2197:(1898–75)
2189:(1907–76)
2181:(1920–72)
2173:(1988–98)
2165:(1928–61)
2157:(1959–78)
2154:Barreiros
2149:(1905–79)
2141:(1986–88)
1730:April 29,
1652:August 3,
1626:August 3,
1594:August 3,
1543:Bloomberg
1471:USA Today
1305:CNN Money
1216:. Wsj.com
971:USA Today
923:August 8,
624:PSA Group
569:from the
341:PSA Group
287:Governor
242:Big Three
234:Big Three
187:Big Three
66:Big Three
64:The term
39:Big Three
8903:Category
8878:Category
8768:OZ Group
8701:Graziano
8541:De Simon
8510:S.C.A.T.
8505:O.S.C.A.
8411:and LCVs
8235:Casalini
8175:Maserati
7933:Category
7844:Services
7825:Veilside
7755:Ralliart
7723:JUN Auto
7520:Kawasaki
7468:GS Yuasa
7325:Daihatsu
7236:Kurogane
7230:Infiniti
7206:Mitsuoka
7200:(10.71%)
7121:Kawasaki
6870:Services
6861:Zakspeed
6829:Startech
6799:Renntech
6749:Irmscher
6719:Lorinser
6715:Kleemann
6711:Gemballa
6696:Carlsson
6612:ZF Sachs
6474:Wanderer
6299:Borgward
6294:Beaufort
6264:vehicle
6262:Defunct
6198:Wiesmann
6025:vehicle
5931:Category
5846:By state
5727:Goodyear
5436:Wildfire
5372:Sterling
5357:Peerless
5285:Marathon
5255:Allstate
5198:Sheridan
5085:Fiberfab
5078:Plymouth
5013:DeLorean
4943:Autoette
4814:Chrysler
4790:Infiniti
4732:Foreign
4585:Kenworth
4489:Club Car
4442:Cadillac
4323:Arcimoto
4283:Current
4202:Category
4179:UzDaewoo
4139:Jie Fang
4053:Vauxhall
3970:Sheridan
3938:Reliance
3914:Passport
3802:Beaumont
3738:V-Series
3733:Cadillac
3650:Category
3622:New Edge
3551:Munchi's
3463:Vehicles
3396:products
3381:(Brazil)
3365:(France)
3341:(Russia)
3166:Kwik-Fit
3124:Cosworth
2797:Category
2682:Products
2622:Bob Lutz
2218:Plymouth
2202:Imperial
2107:Chrysler
2051:(parent)
1877:Archived
1692:April 8,
1516:NBC News
1340:Archived
1309:Archived
1174:April 5,
1148:July 26,
917:Archived
913:CBC News
511:halo car
492:Cadillac
460:Infiniti
238:Chrysler
183:Chrysler
141:GM Korea
89:Chrysler
8888:Commons
8773:Pirelli
8743:Malossi
8671:Ceriani
8661:Borrani
8588:Bandini
8536:Bremach
8443:Ceirano
8428:Bianchi
8402:Defunct
8369:Morelli
8261:Dallara
8245:Italcar
8123:Piaggio
8078:Ferrari
7943:Commons
7919:italics
7570:Niterra
7451:Clarion
7315:Takeoka
7288:Blitzen
7146:Autozam
7096:Marusho
6856:TechArt
6769:Mansory
6706:G-Power
6537:H&R
6522:Dürr AG
6479:Zündapp
6469:Veritas
6459:Stoewer
6454:Steiger
6374:Hanomag
6364:Gutbrod
6359:Goliath
6319:Büssing
6314:Brütsch
6248:Hyundai
6238:Magirus
6179:Porsche
6167:Neoplan
6121:Maybach
6023:Active
5806:Visteon
5759:Nexteer
5695:Cummins
5660:Allison
5653:modders
5627:Packard
5605:Defunct
5382:Erskine
5352:Packard
5265:Henry J
5245:Jeffery
5230:Grumman
5183:Pontiac
5173:Oakland
5158:LaSalle
5123:Mercury
5069:FCA US
4928:Armored
4916:Rambler
4862:former
4763:Hyundai
4696:Cushman
4681:Textron
4617:Victory
4568:Oshkosh
4528:Laffite
4415:Lincoln
4388:Collins
4358:Czinger
4338:Autocar
4272:Vehicle
4087:Current
3946:Rainier
3922:Pontiac
3898:Oakland
3874:LaSalle
3810:Bedford
3786:Alpheon
3778:Acadian
3721:Current
3660:Commons
3612:History
3541:Team RS
3426:Engines
3378:Troller
3362:Matford
3333:(China)
3325:(49.9%)
3306:Argo AI
3238:Current
3211:Visteon
3206:Troller
3119:Chariot
3071:Romania
3061:Ireland
3056:Germany
3004:Current
2964:Monarch
2940:Mercury
2924:Fordson
2884:Lincoln
2865:Current
2858:marques
2807:Commons
2729:SOHC V6
2689:Engines
2547:Current
2425:Current
2314:Defunct
2283:Current
2258:Valiant
2250:Sunbeam
2210:Karrier
2186:Hillman
2131:Defunct
2100:Current
2093:Marques
2056:History
2041:General
1568:May 15,
1562:Reuters
1476:June 8,
1450:June 4,
1389:June 6,
1084:July 9,
671:Bentley
663:Bugatti
651:Porsche
577:Germany
528:tariffs
507:Ferrari
496:Lincoln
452:BMW E32
414:Porsche
318:Italian
212:Detroit
95:Germany
32:In the
8803:Sparco
8793:Sabelt
8778:Polini
8748:Martin
8666:Brembo
8567:Grecav
8551:S.P.A.
8463:Diatto
8458:Cizeta
8389:Zagato
8349:Ermini
8324:Cecomp
8291:Tatuus
8281:Osella
8276:M.A.T.
8170:Lancia
8143:Abarth
8118:Pagani
8088:Martin
8022:Active
7740:Mine's
7729:Kojima
7703:GReddy
7683:Autech
7676:tuners
7650:Yanmar
7620:Tokico
7540:Mikuni
7483:Nissin
7478:Keihin
7356:Yamaha
7320:Toyota
7301:Suzuki
7294:Subaru
7263:Shatai
7257:Prince
7224:Datsun
7211:Nissan
7116:Jiotto
7065:Aspark
7056:Native
6774:Melkus
6734:Hartge
6686:Brabus
6681:Bitter
6656:Alpina
6627:tuners
6532:Getrag
6527:Eibach
6449:Simson
6414:Melkus
6404:Loremo
6369:Hartge
6096:Isdera
6086:Elaris
5941:Portal
5796:Timken
5781:Saleen
5749:Legacy
5700:Brammo
5539:Active
5518:Nikola
5446:Zimmer
5387:Rockne
5322:Mosler
5312:Mercer
5307:Matbro
5302:Marvel
5290:Marmon
5273:Willys
5269:Kaiser
5260:Frazer
5235:Henney
5203:Viking
5188:Saturn
5143:Elmore
5028:Durant
4948:Avanti
4938:Aurica
4933:Auburn
4894:Hudson
4841:Toyota
4836:Subaru
4785:Nissan
4691:E-Z-Go
4656:Rivian
4639:Laymor
4612:Indian
4580:Paccar
4573:Pierce
4511:IC Bus
4469:Gillig
4171:Suzuki
4163:Subaru
4116:Former
4106:Baojun
4101:Wuling
3986:Viking
3954:Saturn
3930:Ranger
3866:Holden
3834:Elmore
3826:Daewoo
3760:Hummer
3755:Denali
3703:brands
3473:People
3441:Mercon
3370:Samcor
3299:Former
3154:Jaguar
3107:Former
3066:Italia
3051:France
3046:Europe
3041:Credit
3036:Canada
3031:Brazil
2972:Thames
2956:Meteor
2948:Merkur
2935:(1960)
2877:Raptor
2651:Places
2604:People
2563:Former
2444:Former
2416:Parent
2381:Former
2345:Europe
2226:Singer
2194:Humber
2162:DeSoto
2146:Commer
1498:
647:Toyota
484:German
434:LS 400
406:Jaguar
391:Canada
371:Nissan
367:Toyota
250:Delphi
226:Toyota
220:Unifor
199:Toyota
177:, the
156:, and
139:, and
124:Nissan
122:, and
116:Toyota
105:, and
101:, the
97:— the
83:, and
8808:SPICA
8656:Arrow
8515:Siata
8495:Qvale
8490:Itala
8379:Stola
8205:Astra
8200:Iveco
8180:Sevel
7810:TOM'S
7750:Nismo
7718:Impul
7698:Enkei
7688:Blitz
7665:Zexel
7625:Topre
7560:Nidec
7515:JTEKT
7505:Jatco
7488:Showa
7456:Denso
7431:Aisin
7337:Lexus
7331:Scion
7250:Otomo
7194:(66%)
7174:Xedos
7160:Eunos
7153:Ẽfini
7139:Amati
7133:Mazda
7104:Isuzu
7090:Acura
7085:Honda
6724:Lotec
6691:BMW M
6602:Voith
6582:Petri
6567:Mahle
6542:Hella
6500:Bosch
6464:Tempo
6444:Selve
6384:Horch
6379:Hansa
6274:Adler
6155:Horch
6116:Smart
6101:Lotec
6079:Setra
6057:BMW i
5712:Eaton
5670:Aptiv
5483:Canoo
5431:White
5399:Scion
5394:Stutz
5332:Muntz
5280:Local
5220:Green
5118:Edsel
5109:Ford
5073:Eagle
5048:Rugby
5043:Mason
5033:Flint
4953:Avery
4923:Armor
4899:Essex
4819:Dodge
4802:Seres
4756:Acura
4751:Honda
4676:Tesla
4597:Panoz
4437:Buick
4155:Ravon
4131:Isuzu
4097:(44%)
4029:Lotus
3842:Envoy
3794:Asüna
3728:Buick
3510:(CEO)
3357:(50%)
3309:(42%)
3290:(32%)
3282:(60%)
3274:(41%)
3261:(50%)
3248:(50%)
3216:Volvo
3201:Th!nk
2916:Edsel
2900:Comet
2570:Askam
2290:Mopar
2234:Simca
2178:Fargo
2170:Eagle
2112:Dodge
1905:(PDF)
659:Škoda
639:2000s
552:Lexus
540:NUMMI
430:Lexus
425:Acura
375:Honda
355:Japan
348:Tesla
207:Mazda
195:2000s
146:India
120:Honda
112:Japan
8824:Ford
8798:SCAM
8758:MOMO
8520:Zust
8418:APIS
8266:GISA
8160:Fiat
8133:SILK
8043:Alkè
8035:LCVs
8033:and
7915:Note
7790:Tein
7770:SARD
7693:Dome
7585:PIAA
7510:JECS
7415:Zama
7373:Ford
7348:WiLL
7342:Hino
7307:Hope
7269:Tama
7243:Ohta
7217:Cony
6944:ASAM
6939:ADAC
6889:Sixt
6587:Renk
6349:Glas
6243:Opel
6172:RMMV
6150:Audi
6133:RMMV
5053:Star
4998:Case
4993:Cord
4983:Coda
4911:Nash
4824:Jeep
4410:Ford
4296:AGCO
4287:list
4123:Fiat
4045:Opel
4037:Saab
4022:Sold
3196:Spin
2872:Ford
2709:Hemi
2361:Envi
2117:Jeep
1993:2017
1968:2008
1942:2008
1916:2011
1909:OICA
1885:2008
1859:2008
1827:2008
1801:2008
1774:2008
1732:2007
1719:Time
1694:2007
1654:2023
1628:2023
1615:CNBC
1596:2023
1570:2022
1524:2018
1496:ISBN
1478:2016
1452:2011
1421:2011
1391:2009
1348:2008
1317:2008
1286:2008
1248:2008
1222:2008
1199:2008
1176:2008
1150:2007
1112:2007
1086:2009
1060:2008
1038:2008
1005:2008
979:2008
951:2008
925:2008
886:2008
791:2017
748:2017
725:2017
685:Mini
669:and
655:SEAT
643:Ford
626:and
612:Opel
595:and
589:Audi
494:and
488:Audi
400:was
373:and
322:Fiat
218:and
181:and
81:Ford
8706:ICP
8500:Iso
8423:ATS
8217:SCV
8053:ATS
7708:HKS
7615:THK
7575:NSK
7495:HKS
7080:GLM
7070:ASL
6954:DTM
6949:TÜV
6834:CRD
6744:HWA
6676:BBS
6671:AMG
6661:APR
6634:9ff
6625:and
6495:ATR
6434:NSU
6324:DKW
6162:MAN
6052:BMW
5869:AAA
5791:SRT
5441:ZAP
5416:VPG
5153:Geo
5130:FMC
4958:BMC
4829:Ram
4768:Kia
4741:BMW
4501:HME
4462:GMC
4420:SVT
3858:Geo
3750:GMC
3705:of
3134:FPV
2734:WGE
2504:of
2492:of
2480:of
2468:of
2456:of
2321:AMC
2300:SRT
2295:R/T
2242:SRT
2138:AMC
2122:Ram
597:BMW
530:or
503:NSX
464:Q45
410:BMW
107:BMW
61:.
8905::
8546:OM
8068:DR
7167:M2
6929:IZ
6557:KW
5426:VL
2704:LH
2353:UK
1976:^
1907:.
1893:^
1843:.
1740:^
1716:.
1702:^
1612:.
1560:.
1541:.
1514:.
1469:.
1438:.
1407:.
1364:.
1338:.
1334:.
1307:.
1303:.
1277:.
1102:.
1076:.
1022:.
996:.
968:.
941:.
911:.
894:^
872:.
860:^
848:.
827:.
807:.
764:.
680:.
673:.
665:,
661:,
657:,
653:,
591:,
534:.
472:kW
468:hp
412:,
408:,
369:,
222:.
152:,
148:—
135:,
131:—
118:,
114:—
79:,
75:—
7977:e
7970:t
7963:v
6993:e
6986:t
6979:v
5975:e
5968:t
5961:v
4289:)
4285:(
4234:e
4227:t
4220:v
4108:)
4099:(
3694:e
3687:t
3680:v
2841:e
2834:t
2827:v
2699:A
2026:e
2019:t
2012:v
1995:.
1970:.
1944:.
1918:.
1887:.
1861:.
1829:.
1803:.
1776:.
1734:.
1696:.
1670:.
1656:.
1630:.
1598:.
1572:.
1545:.
1526:.
1480:.
1454:.
1423:.
1393:.
1368:.
1350:.
1319:.
1288:.
1250:.
1224:.
1201:.
1178:.
1152:.
1114:.
1088:.
1062:.
1040:.
1007:.
981:.
953:.
927:.
888:.
854:.
793:.
750:.
727:.
91:)
20:)
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