86:
22:
112:
In addition, for the first time, inspection of villages by the government officials was carried out to identify those in need of aid or employment. In Sir
Richard Temple's own description (in a contemporary correspondence), the generous aid allowed the laborers to stay in good physical condition and
144:
Since the expenditure associated with the relief effort was considered excessive, Sir
Richard Temple was criticized by British officials. Taking the criticism to heart, he revised the official famine relief philosophy, which thereafter became concerned with thrift and efficiency. The relief efforts
136:
The famine proved to be less severe than had originally been anticipated, and 100,000 tons of grain was left unused at the end of the relief effort. According to some, the total government expense was 50 percent more than the total budget of a similar relief effort during the
109:
40 million were spent on importing 450,000 tons of rice from Burma. Another Rs. 22.5 million were spent in organizing relief for 300 million units (1 unit = one person for one day).
377:, vol. III: The Indian Empire, Economic, Published under the authority of His Majesty's Secretary of State for India in Council, Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1907, pp. 475–502
113:
to return to their fields when the rains finally arrived; their actions put to rest any fears among relief officials that the government handouts were making the laborers "dependent."
77:, the newly appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal—was one of the success stories of the famine relief in British India; there was little or no mortality during the famine.
124:, which was enacted just before the famine began, established a fund for the "construction of roads, especially their metaling and bridging." The construction of the
903:
201:
936:
898:
73:. It affected an area of 140,000 square kilometres (54,000 sq mi) and a population of 21.5 million. The relief effort—organized by
603:
Hill, Christopher V. (1991), "Philosophy and
Reality in Riparian South Asia: British Famine Policy and Migration in Colonial North India",
345:
Hall-Matthews, David (1996), "Historical Roots of Famine Relief
Paradigms: Ideas on Dependency and Free Trade in India in the 1870s",
738:
583:
Hall-Matthews, David (2008), "Inaccurate
Conceptions: Disputed Measures of Nutritional Needs and Famine Deaths in Colonial India",
413:
Famines in India: A Study in Some
Aspects of the Economic History of India With Special Reference to Food Problem, 1860–1990
93:, London, 14 February 1874, reporting Queen Victoria's donation of £1,000 in aid of famine relief. Since Bihar was then in the
438:
125:
966:
941:
383:
547:
Ghose, Ajit Kumar (1982), "Food Supply and
Starvation: A Study of Famines with Reference to the Indian Subcontinent",
926:
457:
420:
951:
946:
70:
128:
in Burma, which began in 1874, also provided employment in the earthworks for many famine immigrants from Bengal.
956:
703:
74:
811:
806:
761:
981:
821:
801:
731:
186:
781:
105:
As the impending famine came to light, a decision was made at the highest level to save lives at any cost.
872:
766:
146:
961:
931:
791:
724:
452:, London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. Ltd (reprinted 2005 by Adamant Media Corporation),
976:
971:
181:
816:
786:
675:
McAlpin, Michelle B. (1983), "Famines, Epidemics, and
Population Growth: The Case of India",
576:
Report of the
Commissioners Appointed to Enquire into the Famine in Bengal and Orissa in 1866
191:
166:
101:. The Queen is referred to as the "Empress of India" two years before she added that title.
41:
district (top middle) was one of the worst-hit areas in the Bihar famine of 1873–74.
8:
692:
664:
648:
620:
560:
519:
483:
358:
880:
656:
624:
564:
527:
491:
453:
434:
416:
362:
150:
94:
66:
34:
668:
776:
684:
640:
612:
592:
556:
511:
475:
354:
171:
864:
747:
707:
196:
176:
515:
479:
85:
771:
616:
596:
394:
920:
431:
Late
Victorian holocausts: El Niño famines and the making of the Third World
660:
568:
531:
495:
366:
837:
154:
138:
116:
Road construction became a major project of the famine relief works; the
58:
30:
502:
Dyson, Tim (1991), "On the Demography of South Asian Famines: Part II",
652:
523:
487:
466:
Dyson, Tim (1991), "On the Demography of South Asian Famines: Part I",
847:
696:
141:
famine of 1973 (in independent India), after adjusting for inflation.
21:
301:
644:
450:
Open Letters to Lord Curzon on Famines and Land Assessments in India
688:
716:
842:
38:
396:
Bazaar India: Markets, Society, and the Colonial State in Bihar
54:
157:
were therefore very modest, which led to excessive mortality.
62:
26:
388:, vol. II, Westminster: Archibald Constable and Co. Ltd
372:
256:
224:
119:
252:
250:
106:
325:
323:
904:
Timeline of major famines in India during British rule
578:, vol. I, II, Calcutta: Government of India, 1867
247:
237:
235:
233:
202:
Timeline of major famines in India during British rule
320:
230:
415:, Stosius Inc/Advent Books Division, p. 383,
537:
918:
899:Timeline of major famines in India prior to 1765
631:Klein, Ira (1973), "Death in India, 1871-1921",
540:Report of the Indian Famine Commission, Part I
732:
582:
344:
329:
272:
260:
241:
220:
218:
216:
61:that followed a drought in the province of
739:
725:
399:, Berkeley: University of California Press
213:
428:
283:
281:
97:, the famine was also referred to as the
84:
20:
937:British administration in Uttar Pradesh
674:
919:
702:
410:
381:
314:
278:
720:
630:
546:
501:
465:
385:Burma Under British Rule - and Before
677:Journal of Interdisciplinary History
602:
447:
392:
287:
746:
13:
709:Men and events of my time in India
561:10.1093/oxfordjournals.oep.a041557
404:
359:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb01035.x
33:, shown as the northern region of
14:
993:
257:Imperial Gazetteer of India 1907
225:Imperial Gazetteer of India 1907
71:North-Western Provinces and Oudh
65:, the neighboring provinces of
308:
293:
266:
126:Irrawaddy Valley State Railway
99:Bengal Famine of 1873–74
1:
448:Dutt, Romesh Chunder (1900),
433:(Paperback ed.). Verso.
338:
147:Great Famine of 1876–78
633:The Journal of Asian Studies
131:
7:
767:Great Bengal famine of 1770
516:10.1080/0032472031000145446
480:10.1080/0032472031000145056
375:Imperial Gazetteer of India
160:
10:
998:
967:Natural disasters in Bihar
942:Disasters in Uttar Pradesh
812:Indian famine of 1899–1900
807:Indian famine of 1896–1897
762:Deccan famine of 1630–1632
538:Famine Commission (1880),
89:Illustration and story in
51:Bengal famine of 1873–1874
891:
856:
830:
822:Bihar famine of 1966–1967
802:Great Famine of 1876–1878
797:Bihar famine of 1873–1874
754:
617:10.1017/s0026749x00010672
597:10.1017/S0026749X07002892
187:Great Famine of 1876–1878
80:
47:Bihar famine of 1873–1874
927:Famines in British India
792:Rajputana famine of 1869
782:Agra famine of 1837–1838
207:
952:1874 disasters in India
947:1873 disasters in India
393:Yang, Anand A. (1998),
16:Famine in British India
957:1870s in British India
712:, London: John Murray.
549:Oxford Economic Papers
411:Bhatia, B. M. (1991),
305:, 28 October 1873, 7a.
182:Great Famine (Ireland)
102:
42:
817:Bengal famine of 1943
787:Orissa famine of 1866
382:Nisbet, John (1901),
373:"Chapter X: Famine",
192:Bengal famine of 1943
167:Company rule in India
88:
24:
982:19th-century famines
605:Modern Asian Studies
585:Modern Asian Studies
704:Temple, Sir Richard
504:Population Studies
468:Population Studies
429:Davis, M. (2017).
330:Hall-Matthews 1996
273:Hall-Matthews 1996
261:Hall-Matthews 1996
242:Hall-Matthews 2008
145:in the subsequent
103:
75:Sir Richard Temple
43:
962:Bengal Presidency
912:
911:
881:Akaler Shandhaney
440:978-1-78478-662-5
95:Bengal Presidency
91:Penny Illustrated
989:
932:Famines in India
777:Doji bara famine
741:
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172:Drought in India
997:
996:
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987:
986:
917:
916:
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908:
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873:Distant Thunder
852:
826:
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748:Famine in India
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645:10.2307/2052814
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405:Further reading
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259:, p. 488,
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197:Famine in India
177:Famine in India
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83:
17:
12:
11:
5:
995:
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779:
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772:Chalisa famine
769:
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736:
729:
721:
715:
714:
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689:10.2307/203709
683:(2): 351–366,
672:
639:(4): 639–659,
628:
611:(2): 263–279,
600:
580:
572:
555:(2): 368–389,
551:, New Series,
544:
535:
510:(2): 279–297,
499:
463:
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445:
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353:(3): 216–230,
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130:
82:
79:
35:Greater Bengal
25:A 1907 map of
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
994:
983:
980:
978:
977:1874 in India
975:
973:
972:1873 in India
970:
968:
965:
963:
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948:
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459:1-4021-5115-2
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275:, p. 221
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263:, p. 218
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227:, p. 488
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59:British India
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40:
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32:
31:British India
28:
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19:
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290:, p. 50
268:
143:
135:
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115:
111:
104:
98:
90:
50:
46:
44:
18:
838:British Raj
591:(1): 1–24,
474:(1): 5–25,
315:Nisbet 1901
244:, p. 4
155:South India
139:Maharashtra
122:Act of 1875
921:Categories
542:, Calcutta
339:References
49:(also the
625:144560088
347:Disasters
302:The Times
299:"India",
288:Yang 1998
132:Aftermath
706:(1882),
669:41985737
661:11614702
569:11620403
532:11622922
496:11622922
161:See also
53:) was a
892:Related
865:Nabanna
848:El Niño
843:Monsoon
755:Famines
653:2052814
524:2174784
488:2174991
367:8854458
39:Monghyr
884:(1980)
876:(1973)
868:(1944)
831:Issues
697:203709
695:
667:
659:
651:
623:
567:
530:
522:
494:
486:
456:
437:
419:
365:
151:Bombay
81:Relief
69:, the
67:Bengal
55:famine
857:Media
693:JSTOR
665:S2CID
649:JSTOR
621:S2CID
520:JSTOR
484:JSTOR
208:Notes
118:Road
63:Bihar
27:Bihar
657:PMID
565:PMID
528:PMID
492:PMID
454:ISBN
435:ISBN
417:ISBN
363:PMID
153:and
120:Cess
45:The
685:doi
641:doi
613:doi
593:doi
557:doi
512:doi
476:doi
355:doi
149:in
107:Rs.
57:in
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
