519:
broke the siege of Dala. This set up the famous battle outside Dala. On 13 March 1415, Ava forces returned with Minye
Kyawswa himself leading the charge on his favorite war elephant. Razadarit fielded a sizable army to meet the enemy. Kyan and his two elder brothers each led a vanguard regiment. The brothers could not stop Minye Kyawswa, who broke through the lines. However, the crown prince of Ava was mortally wounded while fighting Gen. Awa Naing's regiment. Ava forces remained in the vicinity for a few more months. Kyan himself was almost captured by the enemy at the outskirts of Dala but he managed to escape on horseback.
735:(Pan Hla 2005) mentions only three daughters of Razadarit: Tala Mi Kyaw, Tala Mi Saw and Shin Saw Pu. The succeeding sister could not be Tala Mi Kyaw, who per (Pan Hla 2005: 224) was captured by Ava forces in 1402, and was never returned. Nor could she be Princess Shin Saw Pu, who had been unmarried since 1429, and later became queen regnant of Hanthawaddy per (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 92). None of the main chronicles mentions Shin Saw Pu's stay at Martaban in any case. This leaves Tala Mi Saw, who per (Pan Hla 2005: 224) was married to the famous general
211:
472:
561:
to
Dhammaraza took Dala. Ran did not take kindly to Kyan's takeover of Dagon, and accepted an offer from Dhammaraza to become crown prince. Kyan was now holed up at Dagon without any allies, and in desperation, sought assistance from the archenemy Ava. In early 1422, Kyan retook Dala with the help of two regiments sent by Thihathu.
437:). In the battle, Kyan, despite being the youngest, led the main battalion (500 troops) while the two elder princes commanded smaller battalions (300 men each) from the flanks. His battalion was however nearly defeated by Minye Kyawswa's cavalry but his brothers came to the rescue, and the Hanthawaddy forces won the day.
548:
In late 1421, kings
Minkhaung and Razadarit suddenly died within two months of each other. While Thihathu succeeded without incident at Ava, the succession at Pegu was not orderly. The reason was that Razadarit, who was not yet 54, had not appointed an heir apparent. The eldest son Dhammaraza claimed
633:
Given that his two elder half-brothers were born in 1393 per (Schmidt 1906: 20–21, 118–119) and (Pan Hla 2005: 203), and that he first went to the front alongside his two elder brothers in 1413 per (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 245) and (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 17), Kyan was probably not much younger than
560:
A frantic power struggle ensued. Kyan at Dala and Ran at Syriam initially entered into an alliance in opposition of
Dhammaraza. But no one trusted each other. Kyan raced to seize Dagon (modern downtown Yangon), the town immediately north of Dala, and northwest of Syriam. Meanwhile, the forces loyal
518:
For Kyan and his general Awa Naing, the help could not come soon enough. The Pegu command finally settled on a battle plan on 22 February 1415, and the armies led by
Razadarit himself left for Dala only on 2 March 1415. A few days later, while Minye Kyawswa at the Syriam front, the Hanthawaddy army
697:
How
Emundaya slipped in and out of Ava lines is a legendary tale still retold to date. According to the chronicles (Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 40–42), (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 255–256), (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 33–35), Emundaya pretended to have defected to the Ava side near the Dala front. He then
564:
But Kyan immediately became disenchanted with his allies. The prince was disgusted by the looting and deportation of townsfolk by the Ava forces. He soon entered into secret talks with
Dhammaraza, and quickly reached agreement with his brother. In exchange for his support, Dhammaraza agreed to
565:
restore Kyan to his post at Dala, and then to assign a substantial post, to be determined later. Dhammaraza sent another army to Dala while Kyan treacherously engineered the murder of principal officers of the Ava army inside Dala. Only about half the Ava troops made it back to their base at
608:
At
Martaban, Kyan ruled the province like a sovereign. He did not interfere in the subsequent power struggle between Dhammaraza and Ran, who brazenly occupied Dala and Dagon, part of the Pegu province, as soon as Kyan left for Martaban. Kyan did not offer any help to Ran when Ava invaded in
376:
between 1385 and 1391. Razadarit did renew the war with Ava in 1401 and in 1408 but Kyan and his brother princes did not take part in the war effort until the 1412–1413 dry season campaign. In April/May 1413, Kyan and his two elder brothers were asked by their father to lead the defense of
318:. He quickly soured on the plundering Ava forces, reached a power sharing deal with his brothers, and drove back the invaders. He subsequently became viceroy of the province of Martaban where he exercised considerable autonomy. He died in 1442 (or 1443) and was succeeded by his sister.
698:
managed to get on a front line patrol before making a rush to the Dala side. He informed the Dala leadership about the upcoming help. He then left Dala by acting as a corpse tied to a raft on the river, which slipped through Ava patrols. He made it back to Pegu unharmed.
612:
The pact between the two brothers lasted. In exchange for his autonomy, Kyan shared
Martaban's lucrative commercial revenues with the crown. He ruled the province for another 18 years until his death. Kyan was succeeded by his sister, who may have been Princess
609:
November/December 1422. His quasi-independent rule at
Martaban continued even after Dhammaraza was assassinated by poison by one of his queens in 1424. Ran took over the throne but allowed Kyan to exercise considerable autonomy at Martaban.
535:
invaded in the following dry season. Ava forces captured Dagon but could not break Hanthawaddy defenses at Syriam or Dala. At Dala, Kyan successfully withstood Ava's repeated charges. It was the last campaign during the reigns of kings
401:
In the following five years, the prince proved himself to be a capable commander in several battles against Ava. He became governor of Dala in 1414, and led the defense of the strategic town in 1414–1415 and 1417–1418.
364:
Kyan's childhood coincided with the emergence of Pegu as a major power in the region in the 1390s. The kingdom was finally at peace after Razadarit had defeated multiple internal rebellions as well as
445:
In the following year, Razadarit put his sons in charge of key towns en route to the capital Pegu. By October 1414, when Ava invaded again, Kyan had been made governor of Dala with the title of
729:(Phayre 1873: 120) and (Aung-Thwin 2017: 262) say that Kyan was succeeded by his sister who was married to a high ranking official. Neither source explicitly names the sister. The chronicle
426:, Ava attacks had increasingly threatened to topple the Mon-speaking kingdom. Indeed, just prior to Kyan's first trip to the front, Razadarit famously motivated his sons that while King
459:(Thanlyin) while the eldest son Binnya Dhammaraza was posted at Pegu. To be sure, the king did appoint experienced commanders to aid his sons. At Dala, the king appointed Gen.
572:
The looming Ava threat helped Kyan and Ran in their subsequent negotiations with Dhammaraza, who ultimately agreed to share power. He gave the Bassein province (modern
1229:
94:
310:
between 1413 and 1418. However, after his father's death in 1421, he sought Ava's assistance during the subsequent power struggle with his elder brothers
412:"Why, when I was a lad of sixteen with only two score men at my back, I won half my kingdom. Minkhaung has a real son; you sons of mine are useless."
511:. The crown prince himself led the siege of Dala. Kyan withstood the siege but by early February the town was starving. Razadarit sent Commander
675:(Pan Hla 2005: 205) for the 1401–1402 invasion; (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 228) and (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 477) for the 1408 Arakan expedition.
653:, which according to the editor Pan Hla, can be interpreted as the third prince. As for Binnya Set, chronicles do not say who his mother was.
512:
422:
Kyan began his military career when the tide of war had decidedly turned to Ava's favor. Under the leadership of Crown Prince
1046:
707:(Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 256): Full moon of Tabaung 776 ME = 22 February 1415; 8th waning of Tabaung 776 ME = 2 March 1415
1126:
433:
The speech apparently worked. In May 1413, the princes drove back Minye Kyawswa's forces outside the town of Dala (modern
228:
224:
643:(Hmmanan Vol. 2 2003: 55): Kyan was younger than both Dhammaraza and Ran. (Pan Hla 2005: 357, footnote 1): According to
337:. His mother's name is lost to history. Probably born in the mid 1390s, the prince grew up at the royal palace in
684:(Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 251, 253): The appointments took place before Razadarit evacuated to Martaban in
1257:
17:
1082:
666:
chronicle (Pan Hla 2005: 224) mentions two more daughters of King Razadarit—Tala Mi Kyaw and Tala Mi Saw.
488:
1194:
284:
36:
716:(Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 267–268) and (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 55–56): before Ava's invasion began in
1148:
553:
was no longer in contention; the prince of Dagon was captured by Ava forces, and taken back to
600:
that produced lucrative tax revenues. The prince left Dala for Martaban before November 1422.
1267:
1262:
515:
to inform the town's defenses that help was on the way, and to hold on for a few more weeks.
1110:
326:
241:
8:
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350:
334:
303:
179:
162:
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199:
507:. Ava forces then invaded the central Pegu province, laying siege to Dala, Syriam and
1180:
1042:
573:
527:
Kyan did not participate in Pegu's unsuccessful attack on Ava's southern province of
492:
342:
311:
81:
54:
451:
430:
of Ava had a brilliant son in Minye Kyawswa, his own sons were completely useless.
369:
267:
255:
232:
218:
596:(Mottama) was not only the original capital of the dynasty, but also a prosperous
1131:
1018:
532:
531:(Taungoo) in 1416–1417. He was forced to defend Dala when Ava's new crown prince
504:
382:
378:
292:
1091:(in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2nd printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
1077:(in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (4th printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
491:. By December, Minye Kyawswa's forces had overcome fierce Hanthawaddy stands at
508:
460:
1251:
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the throne by primogeniture but Kyan and Ran disagreed. (Their other brother
423:
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1135:(in Burmese). Vol. 1–3. Yangon: Ministry of Information, Myanmar.
577:
500:
330:
288:
189:
135:
1125:
456:
471:
593:
528:
496:
174:
1105:(in Burmese) (8th printing ed.). Yangon: Armanthit Sarpay.
1068:
434:
584:) in the east to Kyan, leaving only the Pegu province (modern
455:, "Lord of Dala"); the middle son Binnya Ran was in charge of
1023:
Die äthiopischen Handschriften der K.K. Hofbibliothek zu Wien
717:
566:
554:
487:
Kyan was a key figure in one of the most famous battles in
1061:
History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824
576:) in the west to Ran, and the Martaban province (modern
1029:. Translated by P.W. Schmidt. Vienna: Alfred Hölder.
1085:(2012) . Myint Swe; Kyaw Win; Thein Hlaing (eds.).
540:of Ava and Razadarit, both of which ended in 1421.
417:
King Razadarit in a motivational speech to his sons
353:. He also had three (half-) sisters: Tala Mi Kyaw,
1249:
440:
975:
973:
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965:
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919:
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592:) for himself. Kyan was satisfied. The city of
857:
720:784 ME (14 November 1422 to 12 December 1422)
688:776 ME (13 October 1414 to 11 November 1414).
522:
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752:
291:(r. 1384–1421), Kyan was also governor of
1041:. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
1019:"Slapat des Ragawan der Königsgeschichte"
808:
806:
804:
802:
800:
1115:Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal
926:
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405:
16:For other people named Binnya Kyan, see
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229:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
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603:
463:and 70 military advisers to aid Kyan.
1016:
770:
450:
295:from 1414 to 1422, with the title of
266:
1127:Royal Historical Commission of Burma
1067:
341:(Bago) with two elder half-brothers—
287:from 1422 to 1442/43. A son of King
1063:. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.
13:
14:
1279:
923:Yazawin Thit Vol. 2 2012: 264–265
899:Yazawin Thit Vol. 2 2012: 263–264
475:Minye Kyawswa represented as the
396:
1111:Phayre, Major Gen. Sir Arthur P.
1039:Myanmar in the Fifteenth Century
662:In addition to Shin Saw Pu, the
349:—and a younger (half-?) brother
209:
1113:(1873). "The History of Pegu".
1010:
723:
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543:
863:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 22, 26–27
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1:
1157:
935:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 267
911:Yazawin Thit Vol. 2 2012: 264
890:Yazawin Thit Vol. 2 2012: 262
845:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 251
794:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 245
746:
441:Appointment at Dala (by 1414)
321:
280:
152:
140:Binnya Dhammaraza (1421–1422)
649:, he was known by the title
18:Binnya Kyan (disambiguation)
7:
503:, and conquered the entire
10:
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881:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 42–43
523:Battle of Dala (1417–1418)
467:Battle of Dala (1414–1415)
251:
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302:The prince fought in the
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1144:Binnya Kyan of Martaban
1017:Athwa, Sayadaw (1906) .
767:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 431
620:
489:Burmese military history
1004:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 56
957:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 55
872:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 27
854:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 26
833:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 18
812:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 17
329:Kyan was a son of King
1035:Aung-Thwin, Michael A.
505:western delta province
484:
414:
264:Burmese pronunciation:
217:This article contains
474:
410:
406:Battle of Dala (1413)
306:against the northern
1121:. Oxford University.
995:Aung-Thwin 2017: 262
758:Harvey 1925: 113–114
283:1395 – 1442/43) was
1258:Hanthawaddy dynasty
1195:Viceroy of Martaban
1149:Hanthawaddy Dynasty
1102:Razadarit Ayedawbon
737:Smin Bayan Upakaung
732:Razadarit Ayedawbon
664:Razadarit Ayedawbon
634:his elder brothers.
604:Viceroy of Martaban
452:[bəɲádəla̰]
285:viceroy of Martaban
180:Hanthawaddy Kingdom
163:Hanthawaddy Kingdom
37:Viceroy of Martaban
23:Viceroy of Martaban
646:Pak Lat Chronicles
485:
268:[bəɲádʑáɴ]
200:Theravada Buddhism
1246:
1245:
1237:Succeeded by
1215:
1202:Succeeded by
1190:
1181:Binnya Dhammaraza
1048:978-0-8248-6783-6
574:Ayeyarwady Region
557:(Inwa) in 1418.)
343:Binnya Dhammaraza
312:Binnya Dhammaraza
225:rendering support
205:
204:
127:
82:Binnya Dhammaraza
73:
59:
55:Binnya Dhammaraza
1275:
1230:Governor of Dala
1220:Preceded by
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1178:Preceded by
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368:by the northern
335:Hanthawaddy Pegu
304:Forty Years' War
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231: instead of
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95:Governor of Dala
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821:Harvey 1925: 94
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383:Twante Township
366:three invasions
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271:; also spelled
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223:Without proper
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397:Prince of Dala
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233:Burmese script
227:, you may see
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1199:1422–1442/43
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391:Yangon Region
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34:
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19:
1268:1390s births
1263:1440s deaths
1240:Binnya Ran I
1228:
1222:
1211:
1210:
1193:
1186:
1185:
1164:
1154:
1147:
1130:
1118:
1114:
1100:
1097:Pan Hla, Nai
1088:Yazawin Thit
1086:
1074:Maha Yazawin
1072:
1060:
1038:
1026:
1022:
1011:Bibliography
1000:
895:
886:
877:
868:
859:
850:
817:
772:
763:
754:
730:
725:
712:
703:
693:
680:
671:
663:
658:
650:
644:
639:
629:
611:
607:
571:
563:
559:
547:
544:In rebellion
526:
517:
486:
479:
446:
444:
432:
421:
415:
411:
400:
363:
325:
301:
296:
276:
272:
240:
239:
216:
138:(1414–1421)
123:Binnya Ran I
112:
104:by 1414–1422
87:Binnya Ran I
84:(1422–1424)
46:1422–1442/43
29:Binnya Kyan
1212:as governor
1205:Tala Mi Saw
1187:as governor
615:Tala Mi Saw
590:Bago Region
582:Kayin State
538:Minkhaung I
477:Min Kyawzwa
447:Binnya Dala
374:Ava Kingdom
359:Shin Saw Pu
355:Tala Mi Saw
308:Ava Kingdom
297:Binnya Dala
126:(in revolt)
109:Predecessor
68:Tala Mi Saw
51:Predecessor
1252:Categories
1083:Maha Sithu
747:References
686:Tazaungmon
551:Binnya Set
372:-speaking
351:Binnya Set
347:Binnya Ran
322:Early life
316:Binnya Ran
277:Binya Keng
273:Banya Kyan
177:(Mottama)
1129:(2003) .
1099:(2005) .
1071:(2006) .
578:Mon State
501:Myaungmya
449:(ဗညားဒလ,
428:Minkhaung
331:Razadarit
289:Razadarit
260:ဗညားကျန်း
190:Razadarit
136:Razadarit
119:Successor
64:Successor
31:ဗညားကျန်း
1059:(1925).
1037:(2017).
651:Anu-Yaza
598:entrepôt
594:Martaban
569:(Pyay).
533:Thihathu
513:Emundaya
493:Khebaung
381:(modern
196:Religion
175:Martaban
1223:unknown
1167:1442/43
1069:Kala, U
529:Toungoo
497:Bassein
370:Burmese
256:Burmese
252:ဗညာကေန်
172:1442/43
160:(Bago)
132:Monarch
113:unknown
78:Monarch
1163:
1045:
457:Syriam
435:Twante
327:Binnya
242:Binnya
186:Father
1165:Died:
1155:Born:
718:Nadaw
621:Notes
567:Prome
509:Dagon
101:Reign
43:Reign
1160:1395
1043:ISBN
499:and
385:and
379:Dala
357:and
345:and
339:Pegu
314:and
293:Dala
244:Kyan
169:Died
158:Pegu
155:1395
149:Born
1027:151
555:Ava
481:nat
393:).
389:in
333:of
275:or
248:Mon
1254::
1158:c.
1119:42
1117:.
1021:.
984:^
962:^
940:^
928:^
916:^
904:^
838:^
826:^
799:^
781:^
617:.
495:,
361:.
299:.
281:c.
279:;
262:,
258::
254:;
250::
153:c.
70:?
1207:?
1051:.
739:.
246:(
235:.
221:.
20:.
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