629:). It turned out to be a fortuitous move for him. Not only was Pegu strategically located between the other two provinces but the province was also the most populous. Then ongoing sedimentation and silting since 1300 had increased the once swampy province's "agricultural and demographic potential". On the other hand, Martaban was located on the upper Tenasserim coast, and too close to the Tai kingdoms to the east. By 1370, Pegu was "ready to supplant Martaban as regional leader". Indeed, all subsequent monarchs of the Wareru dynasty would remain at the more strategic Pegu even after Martaban returned to the fold. The kingdom would be known as the
2201:
240:
559:, the main cause was the king's penchant for months-long elephant hunting trips away from the capital. U had been trying to find another "propitious" white elephant since the death of his first white elephant in 1354/55, believing that the late elephant was the reason he defeated the 1351–52 Lan Na invasion. In the dry season of 1363–64, he with over 2000 troops went on a hunting trip. Four months into the trip,
608:
advantage of the ensuing commotion, Byattba sent 700 warriors disguised as mourners, who managed to get inside Donwun, and seize U's palace. The king barely escaped to the nearby woods, and fled to Pegu, about 120 km northwest of Donwun, across the Bay of
Martaban. Byattaba now controlled the entire Martaban province. Laukpya also raided Dala several times although U loyalists held the line.
694:
decisive victory over the northern Shan state of
Mohnyin, sought to impose tighter control over Toungoo. The ruler of Toungoo, Pyanchi I, sought Pegu's help. Despite the 1370/71 treaty with Ava, U ultimately decided to side with Pyanchi. Pegu sent a sizable army that included cavalry and elephant units led Commander
750:, the king and his eldest son were never close. Prince Nwe, whose mother died at childbirth, had been raised by his aunt Maha Dewi since his birth. Nwe was never his father's favorite. The king deemed him "ruthless", and once told his sister that Nwe was not to ascend the throne. U had chosen the younger son
778:
At any rate, she never won the court's support. With U on his deathbed, Zeik-Bye not so secretly undermined Maha Dewi's plans. Zeik-Bye was in secretly in league with Nwe, and provided the necessary intelligence. Undermined by Zeik-Bye, the Pegu army was driven back by Nwe's small army on 19 November
770:
Meanwhile, U's health took a turn for the worse. He could not even attend meetings with the court anymore. In
October, he officially handed power to his sister, giving her the right to raise the white umbrella, a symbol of Burmese sovereigns. The act formalized what had been the reality for sometime.
729:
Binnya U had relied on his elder sister for advice at least since 1369. She had proven herself as an able governor of the key town of Dagon since 1364. When his health, in poor state at least since 1364, deteriorated further in the 1370s, he began asking her to take on administrative duties. However,
462:
But the invasion force could not overcome the defenses of
Martaban. After the attackers had become a spent force, Binnya U himself led the counterattack atop his favorite white elephant, a highly propitious symbol of Burmese sovereigns, and successfully drove back the invasion force. U was so pleased
1181:
chronicle (Pan Hla 2005: 161): Binnya U died in his 61st year (at age 60) on the 10th waxing of
Tabodwe 745 ME (2 January 1384), meaning he was born between the 11th waxing of Tabodwe 684 ME (17 January 1323) and the 10th waxing of Tabodwe of 685 ME (5 January 1324). The chronicle (Pan Hla 2005: 40)
669:
The treaty with Ava allowed U to focus on his defense of his remaining territory. He successfully fended off
Laukpya's attempts to seize southern Pegu province, and his forces even retook Donwun, restoring the pre-1369 borders. But he paused when Byattaba and Laukpya again appealed to Lan Na. Though
403:
As the eldest son, U was the heir-presumptive until his father was assassinated in 1330. But he remained an important prince as his mother remained a powerful, feared kingmaker in the following years. After eliminating the usurper and the next successor in the following eight weeks, the queen placed
761:
Maha Dewi's best intentions would not go unpunished. On 5 May 1383, Nwe, with 30 followers, fled to Dagon, and seized the governor's residence there. Furious, U asked his sister to fix the situation. Advised by Zeik-Bye, Maha Dewi did not make much of the "rebellion". She believed her adopted son's
701:
What followed was a proxy war between Ava and Pegu in the dry season of 1375–76. Backed by the Pegu army, Toungoo held out for three months. According to a contemporary inscription, by the time the dust had settled, Ava had sent three expeditions against
Toungoo, and caused widespread starvation in
434:
The new king's hold on power was tenuous at best. He would spend the next five years consolidating power, overcoming external and internal threats. He bought the allegiance of the court through a series of marriage alliances. He himself married three daughters of
Minister Than-Bon, and married off
607:
What followed was a stalemate for the next five plus years. U did not try to regain the rebellious regions but neither did the rebel brothers try to dislodge U from Donwun. U heavily relied on his chief minister Pun-So, who kept the remaining territories intact. Then in 1369, Pun-So died. Taking
693:
The arrangement with the brothers lasted for the rest of U's reign. Byattaba and
Laukpya ruled their provinces like sovereigns but left U alone while U had to be satisfied with their nominal allegiance. However, the treaty with Ava did not last. The cause was Toungoo. In 1375, Ava, coming off a
670:
he was technically allied with King Kue Na of Lan Na through a marriage of state, his daughter Thiri had not gotten along with Kue Na, and wanted a divorce. Concerned by Chiang Mai's potential interference, U agreed to a truce with the brothers. The agreement called for U to pay the brothers 10
416:
in which U defeated E Laung. The king was furious, and had U arrested. But Sanda Min Hla intervened, and E Law released U. At any rate, E Laung died from smallpox soon after, and U emerged as the heir-presumptive. E Law himself died in 1348, and the 25-year-old prince succeeded. He ascended the
680:
recounts, U realized the absurdity of the overlord paying tribute to the vassals but he ultimately decided to swallow his pride, and agreed to the terms. On the other hand, Byattaba and
Laukpya realized that they needed Lan Na's support in order to neutralize U's stronger position at Pegu. The
1182:
suggests that his father was already king when U was born. Per (Pan Hla 2005: 41), Saw Zein became king in Thadingyut 685 ME (31 August 1323 to 28 September 1323). Thus, U was probably born sometime between Thadingyut (September 1323) and 10th waxing of Tabodwe 685 ME (5 January 1324).
451:, about 100 km north of Martaban, openly revolted, and invited Lan Na forces to attack Martaban. In the dry season of 1351–52, an 8000-strong army from Lan Na (or a northern Tai-Shan state) invaded. The invasion force quickly overran the northern Martaban (present-day northern
661:, who was educated and lived in Pegu for several years. The two kings met in 1370/71 at the frontier, and signed a treaty demarcating the border. History shows that the treaty was an act of political expediency. The two kingdoms would fight a proxy war over Toungoo in 1375–76.
782:
The stalemate ended with Binnya U's death on 2 January 1384. Maru tried to rally the court but found no support. When he and his wife tried to flee, they were captured. On 4 January 1384, the Zeik-Bye-led court handed the power to Nwe. The new king, known by the title of
496:
The decade between 1353 and 1363 were the golden years for Binnya U. The country was at peace, and prosperity returned at least to the capital Martaban. He governed the kingdom with the help of his Chief Minister Pun So, and his brother-in-law Gov. Byat Hta-Baik of
720:
After the Toungoo war, the king's health markedly deteriorated. He gradually withdrew from administration, and handed increasing responsibilities to his sister Maha Dewi, culminating in her appointment as regent in 1383, and his eldest son Binnya Nwe's rebellion.
479:
U's job was not finished. His half-brother Gov. Min Linka of Pegu never sent any help during the invasion. In 1352–53, he sent his army to retake Pegu. The mission was successful. Linka was brought back to Martaban, and subsequently executed. Linka's wife,
580:
U now set up camp at the dynasty's ancestral home Donwun. His realm had suddenly been reduced to the Pegu province and the northern tip of the Martaban province. His hold over the Pegu province was helped by the effective rule of his elder sister,
571:
had taken place at the capital. He rushed back to the capital, and ordered two separate missions to retake Martaban. But he did not have enough manpower, and both missions failed. In the Irrawaddy delta too, Laukpya's forces reigned supreme.
758:. U was aghast. When the young couple was soon caught, the king had Nwe imprisoned. Maha Dewi had to repeatedly plead with her brother to free Nwe, and allow the young couple to be married. U finally relented; she wedded the young couple.
734:, who was also her nephew-in-law and U's son-in-law. But the king continued to trust his sister. By the early 1380s, she had emerged as the de facto ruler. The main opposition to her rule would come from her nephew and adopted son
702:
the region. Fortunately for Pegu, Ava would have its hands full with Toungoo for the next seven years, and leave Pegu alone until after U's death. For his part, U essentially stayed out of Toungoo for the rest of his reign. The
328:
by 1353. But from 1364 onwards, his effective rule covered only the Pegu province, albeit the most strategic and powerful of the kingdom's three provinces. Constantly plagued by poor health, U increasingly relied on his sister
1225:
Colonial era scholarship (Harvey 1925: 368), (Htin Aung 1967: 338), et al simply call the entire period Hanthawaddy or Hanthawaddy Pegu even though Pegu became the capital only in 1369. (Lieberman 2003: 129) calls the kingdom
779:
1383. Indeed, by December, neither Maha Dewi nor U had any authority. When Nwe and his small army appeared outside Pegu's walls on 10 December 1383, she could do nothing other than hunker down inside the city walls.
762:
conciliatory letter, saying he would soon return by August. It was only at the end of August that she decided to use force, after learning that Nwe had sent missions to enlist help from Martaban and Myaungmya.
520:. When Theingaba formally revolted against Pinya in 1358, he stayed on good terms with the rebel governor but did not want Toungoo to become too strong either. U readily gave shelter to Theingaba's son
588:
Lan Na continued to loom large in the politics of Lower Burma. When he heard that Byattaba was seeking Lan Na's help, U tried to repair relations with the Tai kingdom by sending his eldest daughter
730:
a powerful faction of the court, led by Chief Minister Zeik-Bye, secretly opposed her. Her enemies tried to undermine her by making public her alleged affair with a much younger married
600:. It apparently did the job as Lan Na did not interfere. (Queen Thiri would have a terrible time at Chiang Mai, and constantly urged her father to bring her back. U would bring her back
676:(16.33 kg) of gold and ten elephants in exchange for the brothers recognizing U as their sovereign as well as to broker an agreement with Kue Na to send Queen Thiri back. As the
408:
on the throne, and made herself the chief queen. Probably in deference to the queen's sensitivities, E Law did not name an heir-apparent. The rivalry between E Law's son
435:
his sister Maha Dewi to Bon-Lan (later known by his title Byat Hta-Baik), son of Minister Than-Daw, and his half-brother Min Linka to the youngest daughter of Than-Bon.
633:, after Pegu's classical name Hanthawaddy—the academic and popular name by which the dynasty which lasted from 1287 to 1539, inclusive of the Martaban years, is known.
1208:(Pan Hla 2005: 48) says the hunting trip lasted about four months. The trip most probably began after the end of the Buddhist Lent on 22 September 1363 (full moon of
649:
in the north. Both monarchs wanted a quiet border: U was dealing with his ongoing rebellions; Swa was focused on securing his northern border against the
553:
The end to Martaban's tranquil years came not from the widespread instabilities that surrounded the kingdom but from within. According to the chronicle
324:
from 1348 to 1384. His reign was marked by several internal rebellions and external conflicts. He survived the initial rebellions and an invasion by
1261:
Per (Pan Hla 2005: 129), Binnya U transferred power on or a few days before the army left for Dagon on 3rd waxing of Nadaw 745 ME (28 October 1383).
1212:
725 ME). It means the earliest he learned of the rebellion would be around January 1364. If he began the trip only after the rainy season was over,
504:
His regime was able to steer the kingdom out of the troubles that were enveloping his northern and eastern neighbors. Martaban's former overlord
443:
His attempts to gain control of the vassal regions were not as successful. Although he was able to appoint Linka to the key governorship at
516:
had no effective control over its southern vassals at Prome and Toungoo. U established direct relations with Toungoo's restive governor
2189:
2115:
31:
2147:
1859:
3225:
1942:
1848:
787:, decided not to punish his adoptive mother, and reappointed her to her old post at Dagon but strictly in a ceremonial role.
1992:
421:(ဆင်ဖြူရှင်, "Lord of the White Elephant") because he possessed a white elephant, a propitious symbol of Burmese monarchs.
257:
253:
685:(24.49 kg) of gold in total to retain Chiang Mai's support. The king of Lan Na also sent back Tala Mi Thiri back.
1239:(Pan Hla 2005: 54) is when U decided to allow Zeya Thura to lead the second expedition against Martaban in early 1364.
641:
U's first actions at Pegu was to stabilize his reduced realm. In 1370–71, he quickly signed a peace treaty with King
463:
by the victory and attributed the victory to the good fortune brought by his white elephant. He actually built a
2182:
775:("Queen Maha Dewi"). However, she continued to refer to her brother as the sovereign in her official edicts.
3210:
3182:
3074:
1283:, 20 December 1383. It was more likely Thursday, 2nd waning of Pyatho 745 ME (Thursday, 10 December 1383).
333:
to govern. He formally handed her all his powers in 1383 while facing an open rebellion by his eldest son
1952:
1935:
Strange Parallels: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c. 800–1830, volume 1, Integration on the Mainland
348:'s (Bago's) emergence as the new power center in Lower Burma. The city would remain the capital of the
2175:
2618:
2205:
1195:
have no record of this invasion. The actual invaders may have been from another northern Tai State.
657:(Taungoo) as part of Ava's sphere of influence. The Ava king did not trust his nominal vassal Gov.
582:
393:
330:
412:
and U escalated in the 1340s when E Law's health declined. The half-cousins ended up fighting an
396:
although the eldest sister Ne died young. He also had two younger half-siblings: Mi Ma-Hsan and
3133:
2508:
321:
3064:
2957:
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946:
3220:
3215:
3086:
2755:
2527:
2421:
2023:
1980:
658:
521:
517:
8:
2840:
2805:
2735:
2566:
2384:
2079:
1971:
709:
555:
385:
130:
107:
2972:
2830:
2688:
2498:
2446:
2379:
2250:
2043:
1836:
1301:(Pan Hla 2005: 356, footnote 1): Monday, 12th waxing of Tabodwe 745 ME = 4 January 1384
695:
413:
341:
228:
2967:
2875:
2628:
2518:
2513:
2431:
2394:
2335:
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1938:
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1844:
597:
509:
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365:
163:
3101:
2865:
2810:
2389:
2369:
2325:
2035:
1930:
878:
533:
312:
300:
261:
247:
152:
98:
532:. Martaban was an island of stability. In 1362, the king raised the height of the
3148:
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2925:
2835:
2825:
2815:
2795:
2532:
2488:
2404:
2230:
2007:
1997:
754:
as heir-apparent. Nwe responded in kind. In 1382, he eloped with his half-sister
704:
621:
U's realm was now reduced to just the Pegu (Bago) province (present-day southern
525:
1925:(in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (4th printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
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498:
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2200:
2039:
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751:
626:
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377:
345:
218:
188:
176:
2028:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
447:(Bago), other key vassal rulers remained unimpressed. In 1351, the ruler of
2999:
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2790:
2780:
2725:
2673:
2648:
2633:
2608:
2523:
2468:
2426:
2355:
2290:
2235:
2167:
2108:
1957:
1921:
1860:"Rajadhirat's Mask of Command: Military Leadership in Burma (c. 1348–1421)"
1004:
485:
405:
369:
349:
292:
270:
49:
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3009:
2785:
2770:
2710:
2700:
2643:
2638:
2483:
2280:
1966:
1892:
1216:
November 1363, he might have learned of the rebellion only in March 1364.
869:
755:
650:
646:
622:
529:
456:
184:
125:
3163:
3158:
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3004:
2994:
2962:
2900:
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2855:
2850:
2775:
2765:
2730:
2720:
2715:
2658:
2653:
2473:
2351:
2300:
2275:
1961:(in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2nd ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
1209:
642:
593:
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in Pegu when Pyanchi sought refuge. By the early 1360s, both Pinya and
282:
2047:
2001:(in Burmese). Vol. 1–3. Yangon: Ministry of Information, Myanmar.
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as the father of King Razadarit. One enduring legacy of his reign was
3153:
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2800:
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1904:
907:
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471:, at the hilltop where he atop his elephant began the counterattack.
452:
397:
334:
278:
180:
148:
59:
1991:
3143:
3044:
2905:
2740:
2598:
2593:
2583:
2364:
2359:
2240:
2055:
1292:(Pan Hla 2005: 161): 10th waxing of Tabodwe 745 ME = 2 January 1384
1248:(Pan Hla 2005: 94): Night of Tuesday, 3rd waxing of Nayon 745 ME =
1065:
972:
895:
838:
564:
481:
381:
208:
156:
144:
71:
3039:
2895:
2760:
2750:
2416:
2285:
2260:
2225:
819:
654:
568:
195:
140:
120:
102:
3029:
2578:
2537:
2310:
2270:
1975:(in Burmese) (8th printing ed.). Yangon: Armanthit Sarpay.
1916:
1843:(illustrated ed.). Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
468:
448:
389:
325:
1279:(Pan Hla 2005: 156): Thursday, 12th waning of Pyatho 745 ME =
1270:(Pan Hla 2005: 154): 10th waning of Nadaw 745 ME = 19 Nov 1383
484:, became a queen of U. He was now the undisputed ruler of the
2915:
2603:
2588:
2255:
2012:
Die äthiopischen Handschriften der K.K. Hofbibliothek zu Wien
464:
94:
1835:
672:
563:
February 1364, he received news that a coup led by princes
1897:
History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824
795:
The following a list of family members as reported in the
388:. He was a grandnephew of the founder of the dynasty King
1252:, 4 May 1383. The day had turned to Tuesday, 5 May 1383.
528:
kingdoms had been under repeated raids by the northern
2058:(December 1959). "History of Burma: A.D. 1300–1400".
2026:(1963). "The 32 "Myos" in the Medieval Mon Kingdom".
3191:
Vassal of the Confederation of Shan States (1532–42)
1911:. New York and London: Cambridge University Press.
1235:The first mention of Binnya U's ill health in the
3202:
585:, whom he appointed governor of Dagon in 1364.
438:
352:-speaking kingdom until the mid-16th century.
2183:
474:
455:), and reached the outskirts of Martaban and
2197:
1690:
1688:
1534:
1532:
708:chronicle reports a single embassy (by Gov.
467:, housing a holy relic he had received from
1808:
1772:
1754:
575:
491:
2190:
2176:
2034:(3). Cambridge University Press: 572–591.
1951:
1567:
1565:
2008:"Slapat des Ragawan der Königsgeschichte"
1929:
1903:
1857:
1747:
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1631:
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1405:
1403:
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1391:
741:
664:
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1955:(2012) . Kyaw Win; Thein Hlaing (eds.).
1841:A History of Myanmar Since Ancient Times
1667:
1658:
1640:
1601:
1574:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1367:
1365:
1355:
1353:
1332:
712:in 1383) to Pegu between 1376 and 1384.
636:
429:
2005:
1965:
1817:
1799:
1790:
1781:
1763:
1562:
1481:
1433:
1424:
392:. He had two elder sisters Mwei Ne and
337:, who succeeded him as King Razadarit.
258:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
3203:
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1979:
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688:
311:
1993:Royal Historical Commission of Burma
1915:
724:
616:
340:King Binnya U is best remembered in
1899:. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.
1580:Aung-Thwin and Aung-Thwin 2012: 119
13:
508:had been eclipsed by the emerging
14:
3237:
2060:Journal of Burma Research Society
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611:
238:
1829:
1295:
1286:
1273:
1264:
1255:
1242:
1229:
1219:
1198:
543:
2148:Heir to the Hanthawaddy Throne
1981:Phayre, Lt. Gen. Sir Arthur P.
1937:. Cambridge University Press.
1858:Fernquest, Jon (Spring 2006).
1185:
1171:
653:. Swa wanted U to acknowledge
424:
1:
3226:14th-century Burmese monarchs
1839:; Maitrii Aung-Thwin (2012).
1673:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 335
1308:
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86:
3183:Confederation of Shan States
3075:Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom
376:) was the only son of Queen
32:King of Martaban–Hanthawaddy
16:King of Martaban–Hanthawaddy
7:
1191:(Fernquest 2006: 4–5): The
917:
771:She was now referred to as
746:According to the chronicle
439:Lan Na invasion (1351–1352)
169:
10:
3242:
475:Pegu rebellion (1352–1353)
373:
296:
268:
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2040:10.1017/s0041977x00070336
1694:Sein Lwin Lay 2006: 24–25
1110:
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1012:
990:
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954:
938:
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540:to 20 meters (~66 feet).
417:throne with the title of
320:; 1323–1384) was king of
304:
224:
214:
204:
194:
162:
136:
119:Saturday, 10th waxing of
117:2 January 1384 (aged 60)
113:
82:
78:
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55:
45:
37:
30:
21:
2018:. Vienna: Alfred Hölder.
1664:Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 164
1646:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 409
1607:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 408
1164:
576:Donwun years (1364–1369)
492:Golden years (1353–1363)
3188:Brief revival (1550–52)
548:
2120:1348 – 2 January 1384
2006:Schmidt, P.W. (1906).
1987:. London: Susil Gupta.
1837:Aung-Thwin, Michael A.
1760:Pan Hla 2005: 106, 108
1478:Sein Lwin Lay 2006: 23
1460:Sein Lwin Lay 2006: 22
742:Binnya Nwe's rebellion
665:Treaty with the rebels
309:Burmese pronunciation:
246:This article contains
3065:Mahadhammaraza Dipadi
1814:Pan Hla 2005: 157–158
1778:Pan Hla 2005: 122–123
1193:Chiang Mai Chronicles
947:Min Bala of Myaungmya
637:Peace treaty with Ava
430:Initial consolidation
41:1348 – 2 January 1384
3179:Mongol vassal (1297)
3087:Smim Htaw Buddhaketi
2571:1287–1539, 1550–1552
1931:Lieberman, Victor B.
926:Ancestry of Binnya U
659:Pyanchi I of Toungoo
322:Martaban–Hanthawaddy
3211:Hanthawaddy dynasty
3176:Regent or Co-Regent
2567:Hanthawaddy Kingdom
2116:King of Hanthawaddy
2080:Hanthawaddy Dynasty
1972:Razadarit Ayedawbon
1873:(1). Archived from
1730:Pan Hla 2005: 82–83
1712:Pan Hla 2005: 67–68
1703:Pan Hla 2005: 68–69
1625:Pan Hla 2005: 60–61
1616:Pan Hla 2005: 59−60
1571:Lieberman 2003: 130
1547:Pan Hla 2005: 57–58
1538:Pan Hla 2005: 62–63
1508:Pan Hla 2005: 53–55
1430:Htin Aung 1967: 338
1338:Pan Hla 2005: 41–42
1237:Razadarit Ayedawbon
1206:Razadarit Ayedawbon
1179:Razadarit Ayedawbon
797:Razadarit Ayedawbon
766:Maha Dewi's regency
748:Razadarit Ayedawbon
710:Phaungga of Toungoo
678:Razadarit Ayedawbon
631:Hanthawaddy Kingdom
556:Razadarit Ayedawbon
488:-speaking kingdom.
131:Hanthawaddy Kingdom
69:Pun-So (1348–1369)
2831:Muni Thudhammaraza
2499:Kale Kye-Taung Nyo
2447:Minbyauk Thihapate
2251:Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu
1909:A History of Burma
1682:Than Tun 1959: 129
1655:Than Tun 1959: 131
1598:Htin Aung 1967: 87
824:Chief queen (1348–
689:Proxy war with Ava
414:elephant-back duel
384:(r. 1323–1330) of
229:Theravada Buddhism
3198:
3197:
2876:Sanda Thuriya III
2629:Binnya Dhammaraza
2306:Naratheinga Uzana
2246:Nyaung-u Sawrahan
2166:
2165:
2157:Succeeded by
2123:Succeeded by
1944:978-0-521-80496-7
1850:978-1-86189-901-9
1823:Pan Hla 2005: 164
1805:Pan Hla 2005: 156
1796:Pan Hla 2005: 129
1787:Pan Hla 2005: 150
1769:Pan Hla 2005: 125
1320:Schmidt 1906: 116
1161:
1160:
1157:
1156:
915:
914:
725:Rise of Maha Dewi
681:brothers sent 15
617:Emergence of Pegu
598:marriage of state
530:Shan state of Maw
510:Ayutthaya Kingdom
404:her half-brother
254:rendering support
234:
233:
3233:
3107:
3102:Konbaung dynasty
3080:
2988:
2951:
2866:Sanda Thuriya II
2694:
2572:
2462:
2410:
2345:
2219:
2206:Burmese monarchs
2204:
2203:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2169:
2168:
2138:Preceded by
2106:Preceded by
2096:
2089:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2051:
2019:
2002:
1988:
1985:History of Burma
1976:
1962:
1948:
1926:
1912:
1905:Htin Aung, Maung
1900:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1879:
1864:
1854:
1824:
1821:
1815:
1812:
1806:
1803:
1797:
1794:
1788:
1785:
1779:
1776:
1770:
1767:
1761:
1758:
1752:
1751:Pan Hla 2005: 64
1749:
1740:
1739:Pan Hla 2005: 61
1737:
1731:
1728:
1722:
1721:Pan Hla 2005: 81
1719:
1713:
1710:
1704:
1701:
1695:
1692:
1683:
1680:
1674:
1671:
1665:
1662:
1656:
1653:
1647:
1644:
1638:
1637:Pan Hla 2005: 63
1635:
1626:
1623:
1617:
1614:
1608:
1605:
1599:
1596:
1590:
1587:
1581:
1578:
1572:
1569:
1560:
1559:Pan Hla 2005: 60
1557:
1548:
1545:
1539:
1536:
1527:
1526:Pan Hla 2005: 62
1524:
1518:
1517:Pan Hla 2005: 54
1515:
1509:
1506:
1500:
1499:Pan Hla 2005: 48
1497:
1488:
1487:Harvey 1925: 112
1485:
1479:
1476:
1461:
1458:
1452:
1451:Pan Hla 2005: 49
1449:
1440:
1439:Harvey 1925: 368
1437:
1431:
1428:
1422:
1421:Pan Hla 2005: 47
1419:
1398:
1397:Pan Hla 2005: 46
1395:
1386:
1385:Pan Hla 2005: 45
1383:
1372:
1369:
1360:
1359:Pan Hla 2005: 44
1357:
1348:
1347:Pan Hla 2005: 43
1345:
1339:
1336:
1330:
1329:Pan Hla 2005: 40
1327:
1321:
1318:
1302:
1299:
1293:
1290:
1284:
1277:
1271:
1268:
1262:
1259:
1253:
1246:
1240:
1233:
1227:
1223:
1217:
1215:
1202:
1196:
1189:
1183:
1175:
932:
931:
923:
922:
903:
848:
827:
820:Sanda Min Hla II
802:
645:of the emerging
603:
567:and his brother
562:
534:Shwedagon Pagoda
375:
363:
316:; also known as
315:
313:[bəɲáʔú]
310:
306:
298:
260: instead of
242:
241:
173:
141:Sanda Min Hla II
108:Martaban Kingdom
93:
88:
19:
18:
3241:
3240:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3168:
3105:
3104:
3096:
3078:
3077:
3069:
3060:Taninganway Min
2986:
2985:
2983:Toungoo dynasty
2977:
2949:
2948:
2940:
2926:Sanda Wimala II
2836:Sanda Thuriya I
2826:Wara Dhammaraza
2816:Sanda Thudhamma
2796:Thiri Thudhamma
2692:
2691:
2689:Mrauk U Kingdom
2683:
2570:
2569:
2561:
2509:Minye Kyawswa I
2460:
2459:
2451:
2408:
2407:
2405:Sagaing Kingdom
2399:
2343:
2342:
2330:
2217:
2216:
2208:
2198:
2196:
2162:
2153:
2151:
2143:
2128:
2119:
2111:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2076:
1998:Hmannan Yazawin
1945:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1862:
1851:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1693:
1686:
1681:
1677:
1672:
1668:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1641:
1636:
1629:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1611:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1593:
1589:Harvey 1925: 82
1588:
1584:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1563:
1558:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1530:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1512:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1491:
1486:
1482:
1477:
1464:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1443:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1425:
1420:
1401:
1396:
1389:
1384:
1375:
1371:Phayre 1967: 67
1370:
1363:
1358:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1247:
1243:
1234:
1230:
1224:
1220:
1203:
1199:
1190:
1186:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1162:
920:
896:Thiri Maya Dewi
844:
793:
768:
744:
727:
718:
705:Toungoo Yazawin
691:
667:
639:
619:
614:
578:
551:
546:
512:. The northern
494:
477:
465:Buddhist pagoda
459:(Mawlamyaing).
441:
432:
427:
358:
342:Burmese history
308:
286:
267:
266:
265:
252:Without proper
243:
239:
187:
183:
179:
167:
166:
157:Thiri Maya Dewi
155:
151:
147:
143:
129:
124:
118:
106:
101:
90:
70:
25:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3239:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3189:
3186:
3180:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3110:
3108:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3083:
3081:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3050:Minye Kyawhtin
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2991:
2989:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2954:
2952:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2931:Sanda Thaditha
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2861:Sanda Wimala I
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2697:
2695:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2575:
2573:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2535:
2530:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2465:
2463:
2457:Kingdom of Ava
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2413:
2411:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2348:
2346:
2340:Pinya Kingdoms
2332:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2222:
2220:
2210:
2209:
2195:
2194:
2187:
2180:
2172:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2155:
2144:
2141:Binnya E Laung
2139:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2121:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2101:Regnal titles
2098:
2097:
2095:2 January 1384
2077:
2074:
2069:
2068:
2052:
2020:
2003:
1989:
1977:
1963:
1949:
1943:
1927:
1913:
1901:
1889:
1855:
1849:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1816:
1807:
1798:
1789:
1780:
1771:
1762:
1753:
1741:
1732:
1723:
1714:
1705:
1696:
1684:
1675:
1666:
1657:
1648:
1639:
1627:
1618:
1609:
1600:
1591:
1582:
1573:
1561:
1549:
1540:
1528:
1519:
1510:
1501:
1489:
1480:
1462:
1453:
1441:
1432:
1423:
1399:
1387:
1373:
1361:
1349:
1340:
1331:
1322:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1294:
1285:
1272:
1263:
1254:
1241:
1228:
1218:
1197:
1184:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1001:
998:
997:
994:
993:
991:
989:
987:
984:
983:
981:
978:
977:
975:
969:
966:
965:
962:
961:
959:
956:
955:
953:
950:
949:
943:
941:
939:
937:
935:
928:
927:
921:
919:
916:
913:
912:
910:
905:
898:
892:
891:
889:
884:
881:
875:
874:
872:
867:
864:
858:
857:
855:
850:
841:
835:
834:
832:
829:
822:
816:
815:
812:
809:
806:
792:
789:
767:
764:
743:
740:
726:
723:
717:
714:
690:
687:
666:
663:
638:
635:
618:
615:
613:
610:
577:
574:
550:
547:
545:
542:
493:
490:
476:
473:
440:
437:
431:
428:
426:
423:
410:Binnya E Laung
357:
354:
262:Burmese script
256:, you may see
248:Burmese script
244:
237:
236:
235:
232:
231:
226:
222:
221:
216:
212:
211:
206:
202:
201:
198:
192:
191:
174:
160:
159:
138:
134:
133:
115:
111:
110:
89:November 1323
84:
80:
79:
76:
75:
67:
66:Chief Minister
63:
62:
57:
53:
52:
47:
43:
42:
39:
35:
34:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3238:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3190:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3171:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3103:
3099:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3076:
3072:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2984:
2980:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2947:
2946:Prome Kingdom
2943:
2937:
2936:Maha Thammada
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2921:Sanda Thumana
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2881:Naradipati II
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2821:Thiri Thuriya
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2690:
2686:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2664:Binnya Ran II
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2568:
2564:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2528:Thihathura II
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2504:Mohnyin Thado
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2458:
2454:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2406:
2402:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2321:Narathihapate
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
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2891:Sanda Wizala
2871:Sanda Wizaya
2674:Smim Sawhtut
2649:Leik Munhtaw
2634:Binnya Ran I
2613:
2609:Binnya E Law
2552:Narapati III
2524:Minkhaung II
2469:Thado Minbya
2437:Anawrahta II
2356:Yazathingyan
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2109:Binnya E Law
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2015:
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1967:Pan Hla, Nai
1958:Yazawin Thit
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1882:. Retrieved
1875:the original
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74:(1370s–1384)
50:Binnya E Law
3221:1384 deaths
3216:1323 births
3149:Tharrawaddy
3124:Hsinbyushin
3119:Naungdawgyi
3092:Binnya Dala
3020:Anaukpetlun
2711:Ba Saw Phyu
2644:Binnya Kyan
2639:Binnya Waru
2557:Narapati IV
2533:Narapati II
2484:Minkhaung I
2427:Anawrahta I
2154:1340s–1348
904:1353–1368)
870:Tala Mi Daw
849:1365–1384)
756:Tala Mi Daw
647:Ava Kingdom
623:Bago Region
425:Early reign
419:Hsinbyushin
364:late 1323,
318:Hsinbyushin
185:Tala Mi Daw
46:Predecessor
3205:Categories
3114:Alaungpaya
3005:Bayinnaung
2995:Mingyi Nyo
2963:Bayin Htwe
2901:Nara Apaya
2886:Narapawara
2856:Naradipati
2851:Kalamandat
2731:Salingathu
2721:Ba Saw Nyo
2659:Dhammazedi
2654:Shin Sawbu
2519:Thihathura
2514:Narapati I
2474:Swa Saw Ke
2442:Tarabya II
2385:Kyawswa II
2352:Athinkhaya
2301:Htilominlo
2276:Kyansittha
2152:1323–1330
1953:Maha Sithu
1884:2017-06-19
1309:References
1210:Thadingyut
1123:7. unknown
900:Queen (r.
862:Sanda Dewi
814:Reference
736:Binnya Nwe
716:Late reign
643:Swa Saw Ke
594:Chiang Mai
356:Early life
335:Binnya Nwe
283:given name
149:Sanda Dewi
105:(Mottama)
3185:(1527–55)
3139:Bodawpaya
3106:1752–1885
3079:1740–1757
3055:Sanay Min
3015:Nyaungyan
2987:1510–1752
2973:Minkhaung
2950:1482–1542
2846:Mayuppiya
2756:Minkhaung
2693:1429–1785
2679:Smim Htaw
2669:Takayutpi
2624:Razadarit
2619:Maha Dewi
2547:Hkonmaing
2542:Thohanbwa
2461:1364–1555
2422:Tarabya I
2409:1315–1364
2380:Kyawswa I
2344:1297–1364
2336:Myinsaing
2266:Anawrahta
2126:Razadarit
2088:late 1323
2075:Binnya U
1995:(2003) .
1983:(1967) .
1969:(2005) .
1919:(2006) .
908:Razadarit
879:Yaza Dewi
785:Razadarit
738:in 1383.
732:Smim Maru
651:Maw Shans
583:Maha Dewi
518:Theingaba
506:Sukhothai
453:Mon State
398:Min Linka
380:and King
331:Maha Dewi
279:honorific
181:Razadarit
153:Yaza Dewi
60:Razadarit
56:Successor
22:Binnya U
3144:Bagyidaw
3134:Phaungka
3045:Narawara
2968:Narapati
2906:Thirithu
2841:Nawrahta
2806:Narapati
2791:Khamaung
2781:Phalaung
2741:Gazapati
2726:Ran Aung
2614:Binnya U
2599:Zein Pun
2594:Saw Zein
2584:Hkun Law
2489:Thihathu
2395:Uzana II
2365:Thihathu
2360:Thihathu
2296:Sithu II
2241:Theinhko
2218:849–1297
2056:Than Tun
1933:(2003).
1907:(1967).
1895:(1925).
1226:Ramanya.
1066:Hkun Law
1031:Binnya U
973:Saw Zein
918:Ancestry
565:Byattaba
482:Mwei Daw
457:Moulmein
386:Martaban
382:Saw Zein
289:Binnya U
281:, not a
269:In this
225:Religion
209:Saw Zein
103:Martaban
72:Zeik-Bye
3035:Pindale
2896:Madarit
2786:Razagyi
2771:Saw Hla
2761:Min Bin
2751:Thazata
2701:Saw Mon
2494:Min Hla
2479:Tarabya
2417:Saw Yun
2390:Narathu
2370:Uzana I
2326:Kyawswa
2286:Narathu
2281:Sithu I
2261:Sokkate
2226:Pyinbya
1917:Kala, U
696:Ma Sein
655:Toungoo
604:1371.)
569:Laukpya
526:Sagaing
522:Pyanchi
394:Mwei Na
301:Burmese
137:Consort
128:(Bago)
121:Tabodwe
3164:Thibaw
3159:Mindon
3030:Thalun
2776:Sekkya
2766:Dikkha
2716:Dawlya
2579:Wareru
2538:Sawlon
2432:Kyaswa
2311:Kyaswa
2271:Saw Lu
2231:Tannet
2091:
2048:611567
2046:
1941:
1847:
1281:Sunday
1250:Monday
883:Queen
828:1365)
811:Issue
805:Queen
791:Family
469:Ceylon
449:Donwun
390:Wareru
366:Binnya
326:Lan Na
305:ဗညားဦး
277:is an
275:Binnya
215:Mother
205:Father
200:Wareru
170:Detail
123:745 ME
26:ဗညားဦး
24:ဗညာဥူ
3154:Pagan
3129:Singu
3010:Nanda
2916:Apaya
2811:Thado
2801:Sanay
2746:Saw O
2706:Khayi
2604:Saw E
2589:Saw O
2375:Sithu
2316:Uzana
2256:Kyiso
2093:Died:
2086:Born:
2066:(II).
2044:JSTOR
1878:(PDF)
1863:(PDF)
1165:Notes
831:none
808:Rank
596:in a
538:Dagon
514:Pinya
499:Dagon
374:ဗညာဥူ
360:Born
297:ဗညာဥူ
196:House
164:Issue
95:Nadaw
38:Reign
2736:Raza
2540:and
2526:and
2358:and
2338:and
2236:Sale
2064:XLII
1939:ISBN
1867:SBBR
1845:ISBN
1204:The
1177:The
683:viss
673:viss
625:and
549:Coup
445:Pegu
346:Pegu
126:Pegu
114:Died
97:685
83:Born
3040:Pye
2036:doi
2016:151
1091:3.
1063:6.
1029:1.
1003:5.
971:2.
945:4.
592:to
536:in
486:Mon
370:Mon
368:U (
350:Mon
293:Mon
3207::
2354:,
2062:.
2042:.
2032:26
2030:.
2010:.
1869:.
1865:.
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1630:^
1564:^
1552:^
1531:^
1492:^
1465:^
1444:^
1402:^
1390:^
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1364:^
1352:^
1214:c.
902:c.
847:c.
826:c.
799:.
698:.
602:c.
561:c.
501:.
400:.
372::
362:c.
307:,
303::
299:,
295::
273:,
99:ME
92:c.
87:c.
2191:e
2184:t
2177:v
2050:.
2038::
1947:.
1887:.
1871:4
1853:.
291:(
285:.
264:.
250:.
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