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seamounts. Since the first discovery of hydrothermal vents, more than 600 species have been described from vents and seeps. This is equivalent of 1 new description every 2 weeks(!). As biologists, geochemists, and physicists combine research efforts in these systems, new species will certainly be discovered. Moreover, because of the extreme conditions of the vent and seep habitat, certain species may have specific physiological adaptations with interesting results for the biochemical and medical industry.
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ice-covered Gakkel Ridge, 2 – the (ultra)-slow ridges of the
Norwegian-Greenland Sea, 3 – the northern MAR between the Iceland and Azores hot-spots; 4 – the Brazilian continental margin, 5 – the East Scotia Ridge and Bransfield Strait, 6 – the SW Indian Ridge, 7 – the Central Indian Ridge. During the field programme, ChEss will promote the development and refinement of deep-towed, remotely operated (
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Only a small fraction of the global ridge system (~65000 km) and of the vast continental margin regions have been explored and their communities described. It is the aim of ChEss to improve the knowledge on the diversity, abundance and distribution of species from vents, seeps and other reducing
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climate and human activity obscure their role. In addition, hydrothermal vents have been suggested to be the habitat of the origin of life. These hypotheses are being used by ChEss researchers in collaboration with NASA to develop programmes to search for life in planets or moons of the outer space.
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in the eastern
Pacific in 1977. Vents are now known to occur along all active mid ocean ridges and back-arc spreading centres, from fast to ultra-slow spreading ridges. The interest in chemosynthetic environments was strengthened by the discovery of chemosynthetic-based fauna at cold seeps along the
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These globally distributed, ephemeral and insular habitats that support endemic faunas offer natural laboratories for studies on dispersal, isolation and evolution. Here, hydrographic and topographic controls on biodiversity and biogeography might be much more readily resolved than in systems where
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During the field programme, ChEss will promote the development and refinement of deep-towed, remotely operated (ROV) and autonomous underwater (AUV) vehicle technologies to locate, map and sample new chemosynthetic systems. Using optical, chemical and acoustic techniques, ChEss researchers hope to
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to locate potential vent and seep sites and continue research on whalefalls and OMZ sites. The field programme aims to explain the main gaps in our knowledge of the diversity, abundance and distribution of chemosynthetic species globally. A limited number of target areas have been selected where
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The target areas have been grouped into two categories. Category I, combined areas: Area A: Equatorial
Atlantic Belt region; Area B: the SE Pacific region; Area C: NZ region; Area D: the Arctic and Antarctic regions, within the International Polar Year. Category II, specific areas: 1 – The
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in 1983. Cold seeps occur along active and passive continental margins. More recently, the study of chemosynthetic fauna has extended to the communities that develop in other reducing habitats such as whale falls, sunken wood and areas of oxygen minima when they intersect with the margin or
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at a global scale and to understand the processes driving these ecosystems. ChEss addresses the main questions of CoML on diversity, abundance and distribution of marine species, focusing on deep-water reducing environments such as
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ChEss has joined forces with the other deep-sea CoML projects and this has resulted in the creation of the DEep-Sea
Education and Outreach group (DESEO) that has produced a book "Deeper than Light" published in 5 languages.
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related to vents, seeps and whalefalls. There is a dedicated page for key outreach initiatives such as live cruise diaries, open days, schools activities etc.
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gain a better understanding of not only biogeographical patterns, but to determine the processes driving these ecosystems.
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I. What are the species' relationships between different habitats: vents, seeps, whale falls, sunken wood and OMZs?
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II. What is the role of deep-water circulation and geographical barriers in gene flow and biogeography?
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https://web.archive.org/web/20090218015144/http://tos.org/oceanography/issues/issue_archive/20_1.html
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Project to determine the biogeography and understand the processes driving these systems
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Deep-sea hydrothermal vents and their associated fauna were first discovered along the
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specific scientific questions relevant to biogeographical issues will be answered.
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title Third SCOR Meeting on
Coordination of International Marine Research Projects
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III. What are the factors driving patterns of biodiversity in these habitats?
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processes that shape and maintain these ecosystems and their biogeography.
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Creative
Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License
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programme (CoML). The main aim of ChEss is to determine the
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Objective 2. To develop a long-term field programme
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165:habitats at a global scale, understanding the
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230:Objective 3: Outreach and Education
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302:Recent ChEss-Related Publications
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292:Literatur online. Buchdetails
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322:Biological censuses
160:Objectives of ChEss
106:continental margins
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
