2157:. While QTL mapping is limited due resolution, GWAS does not have enough power when rare variants of small effect that are also influenced by environment. So, the concept of Genomic Selection (GS) arises in order to use all molecular markers in the selection and allow the prediction of the performance of candidates in this selection. The proposal is to genotype and phenotype a training population, develop a model that can obtain the genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) of individuals belonging to a genotype and but not phenotype population, called testing population. This kind of study could also include a validation population, thinking in the concept of
6611:
659:. However, pest and disease injuries in plats are obtained by observation, considering score scales for levels of damage. Especially, in genetic studies, modern methods for data collection in field and laboratory should be considered, as high-throughput platforms for phenotyping and genotyping. These tools allow bigger experiments, while turn possible evaluate many plots in lower time than a human-based only method for data collection. Finally, all data collected of interest must be stored in an organized data frame for further analysis.
946:
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1863:(GSEA) considers the perturbation of whole (functionally related) gene sets rather than of single genes. These gene sets might be known biochemical pathways or otherwise functionally related genes. The advantage of this approach is that it is more robust: It is more likely that a single gene is found to be falsely perturbed than it is that a whole pathway is falsely perturbed. Furthermore, one can integrate the accumulated knowledge about biochemical pathways (like the
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1831:(for proteomics) generate enormous amounts of data, allowing many tests to be performed simultaneously. Careful analysis with biostatistical methods is required to separate the signal from the noise. For example, a microarray could be used to measure many thousands of genes simultaneously, determining which of them have different expression in diseased cells compared to normal cells. However, only a fraction of genes will be differentially expressed.
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2214:, demands comparison of conditions. The goal is to identify genes which have a significant change in abundance between different conditions. Then, experiments are designed appropriately, with replicates for each condition/treatment, randomization and blocking, when necessary. In RNA-Seq, the quantification of expression uses the information of mapped reads that are summarized in some genetic unit, as
1998:
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practice, then the null may be frequently rejected even if the main hypothesis is true. Such rejections are said to be due to model mis-specification. Verifying whether the outcome of a statistical test does not change when the technical assumptions are slightly altered (so-called robustness checks) is the main way of combating mis-specification.
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and a biostatistics program is twofold: (i) statistics departments will often host theoretical/methodological research which are less common in biostatistics programs and (ii) statistics departments have lines of research that may include biomedical applications but also other areas such as industry (
2125:
However, QTL mapping resolution is impaired by the amount of recombination assayed, a problem for species in which it is difficult to obtain large offspring. Furthermore, allele diversity is restricted to individuals originated from contrasting parents, which limit studies of allele diversity when we
1850:
do not work well for high dimensional data (i.e. when the number of observations n is smaller than the number of features or predictors p: n < p). As a matter of fact, one can get quite high R-values despite very low predictive power of the statistical model. These classical statistical techniques
1500:
about an unknown population, by estimation and/or hypothesis testing. In other words, it is desirable to obtain parameters to describe the population of interest, but since the data is limited, it is necessary to make use of a representative sample in order to estimate them. With that, it is possible
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as well as bioinformatics. In larger universities around the world, where both a statistics and a biostatistics department exist, the degree of integration between the two departments may range from the bare minimum to very close collaboration. In general, the difference between a statistics program
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levels), the information of one predictor might be contained in another one. It could be that only 5% of the predictors are responsible for 90% of the variability of the response. In such a case, one could apply the biostatistical technique of dimension reduction (for example via principal component
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The main hypothesis being tested (e.g., no association between treatments and outcomes) is often accompanied by other technical assumptions (e.g., about the form of the probability distribution of the outcomes) that are also part of the null hypothesis. When the technical assumptions are violated in
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language maintained by CRAN. In addition to its functions to read data tables, take descriptive statistics, develop and evaluate models, its repository contains packages developed by researchers around the world. This allows the development of functions written to deal with the statistical analysis
1906:
genetic and molecular database â TAIR. Phytozome, in turn, stores the assemblies and annotation files of dozen of plant genomes, also containing visualization and analysis tools. Moreover, there is an interconnection between some databases in the information exchange/sharing and a major initiative
1033:
is a mathematical diagram that uses
Cartesian coordinates to display values of a dataset. A scatter plot shows the data as a set of points, each one presenting the value of one variable determining the position on the horizontal axis and another variable on the vertical axis. They are also called
1591:
A confidence interval is a range of values that can contain the true real parameter value in given a certain level of confidence. The first step is to estimate the best-unbiased estimate of the population parameter. The upper value of the interval is obtained by the sum of this estimate with the
3711:
Crossa, JosĂ©; PĂ©rez-RodrĂguez, Paulino; Cuevas, Jaime; Montesinos-LĂłpez, Osval; JarquĂn, Diego; De Los Campos, Gustavo; Burgueño, Juan; GonzĂĄlez-Camacho, Juan M; PĂ©rez-Elizalde, Sergio; Beyene, Yoseph; Dreisigacker, Susanne; Singh, Ravi; Zhang, Xuecai; Gowda, Manje; Roorkiwal, Manish; Rutkoski,
2388:
PLA 3.0: Is a biostatistical analysis software for regulated environments (e.g. drug testing) which supports
Quantitative Response Assays (Parallel-Line, Parallel-Logistics, Slope-Ratio) and Dichotomous Assays (Quantal Response, Binary Assays). It also supports weighting methods for combination
1900:). In addition to databases that contain specific molecular information, there are others that are ample in the sense that they store information about an organism or group of organisms. As an example of a database directed towards just one organism, but that contains much data about it, is the
1855:
linear regression) were developed for low dimensional data (i.e. where the number of observations n is much larger than the number of predictors p: n >> p). In cases of high dimensionality, one should always consider an independent validation test set and the corresponding residual sum of
85:
started the genetics studies investigating genetics segregation patterns in families of peas and used statistics to explain the collected data. In the early 1900s, after the rediscovery of Mendel's
Mendelian inheritance work, there were gaps in understanding between genetics and evolutionary
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defines an acceptable global significance level, denoted by α* and each test is individually compared with a value of α = α*/m. This ensures that the familywise error rate in all m tests, is less than or equal to α*. When m is large, the
Bonferroni correction may be overly conservative. An
249:, saying "Well, I am like a guy who is prospecting for gold along the banks of the Sacramento River in 1849. With a little intelligence, I can reach down and pick up big nuggets of gold. And as long as I can do that, I'm not going to let any people in my department waste scarce resources in
1879:
enables storage and management of biological data with the possibility of ensuring access for users around the world. They are useful for researchers depositing data, retrieve information and files (raw or processed) originated from other experiments or indexing scientific articles, as
1700:(the so-called discoveries) that are false (incorrect rejections). This procedure ensures that, for independent tests, the false discovery rate is at most q*. Thus, the FDR is less conservative than the Bonferroni correction and have more power, at the cost of more false positives.
1794:
Recent developments have made a large impact on biostatistics. Two important changes have been the ability to collect data on a high-throughput scale, and the ability to perform much more complex analysis using computational techniques. This comes from the development in areas as
305:
The research question will define the objective of a study. The research will be headed by the question, so it needs to be concise, at the same time it is focused on interesting and novel topics that may improve science and knowledge and that field. To define the way to ask the
1984:. Random forest techniques generate a panel of decision trees. Decision trees have the advantage that you can draw them and interpret them (even with a basic understanding of mathematics and statistics). Random Forests have thus been used for clinical decision support systems.
1956:
Collaborative work among molecular biologists, bioinformaticians, statisticians and computer scientists is important to perform an experiment correctly, going from planning, passing through data generation and analysis, and ending with biological interpretation of the results.
2082:, which consists in a more personalized medicine. For this, is made an integration of data from different sources, including conventional patient data, clinico-pathological parameters, molecular and genetic data as well as data generated by additional new-omics technologies.
2407:, including tools and methods for visualization, clustering, regression, association rule, and classification. There are tools for cross-validation, bootstrapping and a module of algorithm comparison. Weka also can be run in other programming languages as Perl or R.
2337:
CycDesigN: A computer package developed by VSNi that helps the researchers create experimental designs and analyze data coming from a design present in one of three classes handled by CycDesigN. These classes are resolvable, non-resolvable, partially replicated and
1304:
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There are a lot of tools that can be used to do statistical analysis in biological data. Most of them are useful in other areas of knowledge, covering a large number of applications (alphabetical). Here are brief descriptions of some of them:
118:. Later, biometricians could not reproduce Galton conclusions in different experiments, and Mendel's ideas prevailed. By the 1930s, models built on statistical reasoning had helped to resolve these differences and to produce the neo-Darwinian
338:) and is usually based on a permanent knowledge about the topic or an obvious occurrence of the phenomena, sustained by a deep literature review. We can say it is the standard expected answer for the data under the situation in
987:
is a graph that shows categorical data as bars presenting heights (vertical bar) or widths (horizontal bar) proportional to represent values. Bar charts provide an image that could also be represented in a tabular format.
2106:. In other words, it is desirable to discover the genetic basis of a measurable trait, a quantitative trait, that is under polygenic control. A genome region that is responsible for a continuous trait is called a
80:
studies, since its beginning, used statistical concepts to understand observed experimental results. Some genetics scientists even contributed with statistical advances with the development of methods and tools.
98:, who followed Mendel's conclusions, that genetic inheritance were exclusively from the parents, half from each of them. This led to a vigorous debate between the biometricians, who supported Galton's ideas, as
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Benjamini, Y. & Hochberg, Y. Controlling the False
Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological) 57, 289â300
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In the United States, where several universities have dedicated biostatistics departments, many other top-tier universities integrate biostatistics faculty into statistics or other departments, such as
90:
tried to expand Mendel's discoveries with human data and proposed a different model with fractions of the heredity coming from each ancestral composing an infinite series. He called this the theory of "
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represent the variation of a value over another metric, such as time. In general, values are represented in the vertical axis, while the time variation is represented in the horizontal axis.
233:
Despite the fundamental importance and frequent necessity of statistical reasoning, there may nonetheless have been a tendency among biologists to distrust or deprecate results which are not
1424:
is a method for graphically depicting groups of numerical data. The maximum and minimum values are represented by the lines, and the interquartile range (IQR) represent 25â75% of the data.
796:
2487:. Thus, departments carrying the name "biostatistics" may exist under quite different structures. For instance, relatively new biostatistics departments have been founded with a focus on
1884:. Another possibility is search for the desired term (a gene, a protein, a disease, an organism, and so on) and check all results related to this search. There are databases dedicated to
1515:
Hypothesis testing is essential to make inferences about populations aiming to answer research questions, as settled in "Research planning" section. Authors defined four steps to be set:
3310:
Subramanian, A.; Tamayo, P.; Mootha, V. K.; Mukherjee, S.; Ebert, B. L.; Gillette, M. A.; Paulovich, A.; Pomeroy, S. L.; Golub, T. R.; Lander, E. S.; Mesirov, J. P. (30 September 2005).
1436:
Although correlations between two different kinds of data could be inferred by graphs, such as scatter plot, it is necessary validate this though numerical information. For this reason,
195:, reestablished natural selection as the premier mechanism of evolution by explaining it in terms of the mathematical consequences of Mendelian genetics. He also developed the theory of
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level. They are most often found in schools of public health, affiliated with schools of medicine, forestry, or agriculture, or as a focus of application in departments of statistics.
277:
and the research plan will reduce errors while taking a decision in understanding a phenomenon. The research plan might include the research question, the hypothesis to be tested, the
1004:
850:
648:, collection can be done with structured questionnaires or by observation, considering presence or intensity of disease, using score criterion to categorize levels of occurrence. For
2326:: Another software developed by VSNi that can be used also in R environment as a package. It is developed to estimate variance components under a general linear mixed model using
2234:
are used to perform the tests for statistical significance and as the number of genes is high, multiple tests correction have to be considered. Some examples of other analysis on
358:. It assumes some degree of association between the treatment and the outcome. Although, the hypothesis is sustained by question research and its expected and unexpected answers.
125:
Solving these differences also allowed to define the concept of population genetics and brought together genetics and evolution. The three leading figures in the establishment of
2796:
Szczech, Lynda Anne; Coladonato, Joseph A.; Owen, William F. (4 October 2002). "Key
Concepts in Biostatistics: Using Statistics to Answer the Question "Is There a Difference?"".
2161:, in which the real phenotype results measured in this population are compared with the phenotype results based on the prediction, what used to check the accuracy of the model.
1592:
multiplication between the standard error of the mean and the confidence level. The calculation of lower value is similar, but instead of a sum, a subtraction must be applied.
361:
As an example, consider groups of similar animals (mice, for example) under two different diet systems. The research question would be: what is the best diet? In this case, H
1914:
Nowadays, increase in size and complexity of molecular datasets leads to use of powerful statistical methods provided by computer science algorithms which are developed by
2226:
one, but it underestimate the sample error, leading to false positives. Currently, biological variation is considered by methods that estimate a dispersion parameter of a
1970:
2363:
of data that comes from specific applications. In the case of
Bioinformatics, for example, there are packages located in the main repository (CRAN) and in others, as
2719:
Nizamuddin, Sarah L.; Nizamuddin, Junaid; Mueller, Ariel; Ramakrishna, Harish; Shahul, Sajid S. (October 2017). "Developing a
Hypothesis and Statistical Planning".
1908:
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based on linkage have to be built. Some of the best-known QTL mapping algorithms are
Interval Mapping, Composite Interval Mapping, and Multiple Interval Mapping.
1162:
1965:
On the other hand, the advent of modern computer technology and relatively cheap computing resources have enabled computer-intensive biostatistical methods like
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991:
In the bar chart example, we have the birth rate in Brazil for the
December months from 2010 to 2016. The sharp fall in December 2016 reflects the outbreak of
440:, in a specific area at a given time. In biostatistics, this concept is extended to a variety of collections possible of study. Although, in biostatistics, a
1687:
increase and some strategy are used to control this occurrence. This is commonly achieved by using a more stringent threshold to reject null hypotheses. The
1017:(or frequency distribution) is a graphical representation of a dataset tabulated and divided into uniform or non-uniform classes. It was first introduced by
2222:
results can be approximated by a normal distribution, RNA-Seq counts data are better explained by other distributions. The first used distribution was the
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area. Therefore, data mining and machine learning allow detection of patterns in data with a complex structure, as biological ones, by using methods of
8087:
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table, which consists of data arranged in rows and columns, where the frequency is the number of occurrences or repetitions of data. Frequency can be:
8077:
2839:
Sandelowski, Margarete (2000). "Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Sampling, Data Collection, and Analysis Techniques in Mixed-Method Studies".
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136:
worked alongside statistician Betty Allan developing several basic statistical methods in support of his work studying the crop experiments at
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2348:: A programming interface for high-level data processing, data mining and data visualization. Include tools for gene expression and genomics.
148:(1930), as well as Allan's scientific papers. Fisher went on to give many contributions to genetics and statistics. Some of them include the
2330:(REML). Models with fixed effects and random effects and nested or crossed ones are allowed. Gives the possibility to investigate different
6387:
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is defined as to randomly get a representative part of the entire population, to make posterior inferences about the population. So, the
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and measuring traits in populations, but their mapping needs the obtaining of a population from an experimental crossing, like an F2 or
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Data collection methods must be considered in research planning, because it highly influences the sample size and experimental design.
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Once the aim of the study is defined, the possible answers to the research question can be proposed, transforming this question into a
2377:: A data analysis software widely used, going through universities, services and industry. Developed by a company with the same name (
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perspectives and costs involved. It is essential to carry the study based on the three basic principles of experimental statistics:
5785:
717:
141:
2134:, that is the non-random association between traits and molecular markers. It was leveraged by the development of high-throughput
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denoted by α is the type I error rate and should be chosen before performing the test. The type II error rate is denoted by ÎČ and
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can be more than one hypothesis. It can assume not only differences across observed parameters, but their degree of differences (
168:. He is credited for the sentence "Natural selection is a mechanism for generating an exceedingly high degree of improbability".
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3102:"Essentials of Biostatistics in Public Health & Essentials of Biostatistics Workbook: Statistical Computing Using Excel"
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Piepho, Hans-Peter; Williams, Emlyn R; Michel, Volker (2015). "Beyond Latin Squares: A Brief Tour of Row-Column Designs".
30:"Biometry" redirects here. For the automated recognition of people based on intrinsic physical or behavioural traits, see
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1896:) and the description of gene function classifying it by cellular component, molecular function and biological process (
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2075:. As one example, there is the assessment of severity state of a patient with a prognosis of an outcome of a disease.
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often occurs in high-throughput biostatistical settings. Due to high intercorrelation between the predictors (such as
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1668:, but, the α is a predefined threshold for calling significant results. If p is less than α, the null hypothesis (H
1299:{\displaystyle {\bar {x}}={\frac {1}{n}}\left(\sum _{i=1}^{n}{x_{i}}\right)={\frac {x_{1}+x_{2}+\cdots +x_{n}}{n}}}
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environment and programming language dedicated to statistical computing and graphics. It is an implementation of
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is defined by the researcher, according to his/her interests in answering the main question. Besides that, the
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just means that there is not enough evidence to support its rejection, but not that this hypothesis is true.
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3312:"Gene set enrichment analysis: A knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles"
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is the probability of obtaining results as extreme as or more extreme than those observed, assuming the
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1981:
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2972:"X. Contributions to the mathematical theory of evolution.âII. Skew variation in homogeneous material"
1664:) is true. It is also called the calculated probability. It is common to confuse the p-value with the
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is a measure of association between two variables, X and Y. This coefficient, usually represented by
2920:
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63:, the collection and analysis of data from those experiments and the interpretation of the results.
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Zeng, Zhao-Bang (2005). "QTL mapping and the genetic basis of adaptation: Recent developments".
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is determined by several things, since the scope of the research to the resources available. In
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2617:"Allan, Frances Elizabeth (Betty) - Person - Encyclopedia of Australian Science and Innovation"
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2367:. It is also possible to use packages under development that are shared in hosting-services as
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to test previously defined hypotheses and apply the conclusions to the entire population. The
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2894:"Absolute, relative, cumulative frequency and statistical tables â Probability and Statistics"
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1544:, or in other words, the acceptable error rate (α). It is easier to think that we define a
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are required. They provide a numerical value that reflects the strength of an association.
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Efron, Bradley (February 2008). "Microarrays, Empirical Bayes and the Two-Groups Model".
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Often, it is useful to pool information from multiple predictors together. For example,
76:
Biostatistical modeling forms an important part of numerous modern biological theories.
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2671:
2499:, will have more traditional lines of research involving epidemiological studies and
2345:
2331:
2282:
2272:
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1834:
1641:
1339:
1333:
655:
In agriculture and biology studies, yield data and its components can be obtained by
649:
595:
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492:
311:
115:
111:
3696:
3679:
3200:
2878:
2825:
2691:"Academic Economics: Strengths and Faults After Considering Interdisciplinary Needs"
2126:
have a panel of individuals representing a natural population. For this reason, the
8177:
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7889:
7701:
7676:
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aiming for breeding, mainly the molecular ones, collaborated to the development of
2111:
2079:
1927:
1915:
1804:
965:: number of glycines in the proteome of eight different organisms (A-H); Figure D:
687:
645:
626:
606:
234:
188:
171:
3740:
2690:
2078:
With new technologies and genetics knowledge, biostatistics are now also used for
1452:
Scatter diagram that demonstrates the Pearson correlation for different values of
8238:
7940:
7743:
7736:
7671:
7611:
7493:
7483:
7413:
7386:
7371:
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6463:
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representation, such as line charts, bar charts, histograms, scatter plot. Also,
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527:
331:
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196:
95:
5953:
4269:
4171:
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2774:
1871:
Bioinformatics advances in databases, data mining, and biological interpretation
945:
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7711:
7648:
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7616:
7574:
7376:
7257:
6933:
6743:
6412:
6407:
4870:
4800:
4446:
3445:
2761:
Overholser, Brian R; Sowinski, Kevin M (2017). "Biostatistics Primer: Part I".
2732:
2570:
2500:
2488:
2374:
2191:
2169:
2146:
2135:
2072:
1977:
1856:
squares (RSS) and R of the validation test set, not those of the training set.
1824:
1820:
1800:
1796:
1680:
In multiple tests of the same hypothesis, the probability of the occurrence of
1549:
1502:
656:
453:
99:
91:
87:
3787:
3597:
3167:
3142:
2164:
As a summary, some points about the application of quantitative genetics are:
1558:: This is when the experiment is really implemented following the appropriate
694:
can be very useful to describe an overview of the data. Follow some examples:
582:). These main arrangements can be found in the literature under the names of "
444:
is not only the individuals, but the total of one specific component of their
129:
and this synthesis all relied on statistics and developed its use in biology.
8326:
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8112:
7920:
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7771:
7731:
7696:
7686:
7408:
7366:
7341:
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7181:
7013:
6908:
6798:
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6171:
6140:
5604:
5558:
5163:
4865:
4692:
4456:
4451:
3936:
3890:
Matthias Dehmer; Frank Emmert-Streib; Armin Graber; Armindo Salvador (2011).
3127:
3005:
2496:
2454:
2378:
2288:
2048:
1897:
1852:
1610:
1605:
When testing a hypothesis, there are two types of statistic errors possible:
613:
are usually smaller than in other biological studies, and in most cases, the
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133:
82:
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4659:
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3710:
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1552:
is compared with it. So, α also has to be predefined before the experiment.
1030:
1018:
652:, collection is done by measuring numerical information using instruments.
242:
175:
107:
3975:
3481:
2615:
Centre for Transformative Innovation, Swinburne University of Technology.
2389:
calculations and the automatic data aggregation of independent assay data.
2342:. It includes less used designs the Latinized ones, as t-Latinized design.
1572:
is rejected or not rejected, based on the evidence that the comparison of
1562:, data is collected and the more suitable statistical tests are evaluated.
1448:
803:: obtained by the division of the absolute frequency by the total number;
8248:
7945:
7643:
7552:
7515:
7108:
7103:
7073:
7028:
6973:
6913:
6898:
6893:
6858:
6818:
6708:
6698:
6693:
6554:
6516:
6199:
6100:
5962:
5775:
5742:
5234:
5151:
5146:
4790:
4747:
4727:
4707:
4697:
4466:
4203:
4057:
3819:
3552:
2947:
Introduction to Biostatistics. A Guide to Design, Analysis, and Discovery
2404:
2355:
2211:
590:", "augmented blocks", and many others. All of the designs might include
551:
496:
488:
460:
385:
would be that the diets have different effects over animals metabolism (H
4221:
3714:"Genomic Selection in Plant Breeding: Methods, Models, and Perspectives"
3242:
3225:
110:, and Mendelians, who supported Bateson's (and Mendel's) ideas, such as
7874:
7596:
7093:
7088:
7033:
7018:
6958:
6923:
6918:
6888:
6848:
6828:
6758:
6738:
5400:
4880:
4580:
4511:
4461:
4436:
4356:
4075:
3678:
Zhu, Chengsong; Gore, Michael; Buckler, Edward S; Yu, Jianming (2008).
2239:
2219:
1766: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
992:
972:
587:
535:
464:
441:
433:
429:
421:
401:
366:
339:
327:
274:
216:
60:
52:
31:
6651:
3629:"The advantages and limitations of trait analysis with GWAS: A review"
3396:
3379:
3288:
2718:
314:
might be necessary. So the research can be useful to add value to the
269:
we might have. To answer this question with a high certainty, we need
7972:
7791:
7361:
7242:
7008:
6993:
6978:
6928:
6903:
5553:
5405:
5025:
4820:
4732:
4717:
4712:
4677:
2509:
2292:
2173:
2103:
2060:
2012:
1497:
1014:
984:
703:
599:
575:
420:
Usually, a study aims to understand an effect of a phenomenon over a
4298:
4185:
2666:
2641:
2071:
contents, it's important to consider the design and analysis of the
1741:
1003:
550:. Treatments can be arranged in many ways inside the experiment. In
7838:
7591:
7225:
7195:
7098:
7023:
6953:
6883:
6878:
6703:
5069:
4687:
4564:
4559:
4554:
2438:
2235:
2183:
In biomedical research, this work can assist in finding candidates
2119:
2099:
2068:
2008:
1421:
445:
365:
would be that there is no difference between the two diets in mice
212:
77:
4141:
3892:
Applied Statistics for Network Biology: Methods in Systems Biology
3849:
3464:"International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration - INSDC"
3279:
2863:
10.1002/1098-240X(200006)23:3<246::AID-NUR9>3.0.CO;2-H
2495:, whereas older departments, typically affiliated with schools of
526:. There are three basic experimental designs to randomly allocate
7510:
7113:
6843:
6713:
6574:
6275:
2251:
2203:
1653:
1573:
1425:
712:: represents the number of times that a determined value appear;
567:
531:
456:, for animals, or the total leaf area, for a plant, for example.
437:
425:
246:
153:
56:
7150:
3517:
3309:
2614:
1534:. But they must be defined before the experiment implementation.
230:
also helped to add quantitative discipline to biological study.
222:
In parallel to this overall development, the pioneering work of
7805:
6778:
6496:
5477:
5451:
5431:
4682:
4473:
4286:
3874:
3427:
2449:
2443:
2368:
2323:
2187:
1892:), the knowledge on genes characterization and their pathways (
1881:
1379:
1321:
1315:
958:
855:
571:
449:
207:, and statistically inclined geneticists helped bring together
3989:
1522:: as stated earlier, we have to work with the definition of a
1505:
is a measure of variability that is crucial to do inferences.
55:
that applies statistical methods to a wide range of topics in
7967:
4325:
2433:
2427:
2422:
1889:
683:
149:
4204:"Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology"
3837:
Microarray Gene Expression Data Analysis: A Beginner's Guide
3769:
Oshlack, Alicia; Robinson, Mark D; Young, Matthew D (2010).
8093:
Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety
7899:
4416:
2215:
2184:
1960:
1953:
models are examples of common machine learning algorithms.
1893:
1842:
analysis). Classical statistical techniques like linear or
1720:
will select or model that more approximate true model. The
1696:. The FDR controls the expected proportion of the rejected
1692:
alternative to the Bonferroni correction is to control the
1059:
508:
27:
Application of statistical techniques to biological systems
3918:
2551:
Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology
2475:
Almost all educational programmes in biostatistics are at
2242:
experiments. Often concerning diseases or disease stages.
2190:
that can cause or influence predisposition to diseases in
1911:(INSDC) which relates data from DDBJ, EMBL-EBI, and NCBI.
1703:
617:
effect can be controlled or measured. It is common to use
3499:
2416:
215:
into a consistent, coherent whole that could begin to be
3463:
1909:
International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration
1576:
and α brings. It is pointed that the failure to reject H
854:
In the next example, we have the number of genes in ten
3822:
Statistical Analysis of Gene Expression Microarray Data
3771:"From RNA-seq reads to differential expression results"
3680:"Status and Prospects of Association Mapping in Plants"
2118:/lines (RILs). To scan for QTLs regions in a genome, a
1470:
for the sample, assumes values between â1 and 1, where
1342:
is the value of a set of data that appears most often.
4009:
Biostatistics explored through R software: An overview
3877:
Statistical Methods in Bioinformatics: An Introduction
3820:
Helen Causton; John Quackenbush; Alvis Brazma (2003).
644:
Data collection varies according to type of data. For
3500:"The European Bioinformatics Institute < EMBL-EBI"
3143:"Statisticians issue warning over misuse of P values"
2795:
1173:
1148:
1142:) divided by the number of items of this collection (
1074:
961:
for the December months from 2010 to 2016; Figure C:
811:
720:
6238:
Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH)
3953:
3768:
2921:"DATASUS: TabNet Win32 3.0: Nascidos vivos â Brasil"
2168:
This has been used in agriculture to improve crops (
1621:
is the incorrect rejection of a true null hypothesis
1548:
that determines the statistical significance when a
1478:= â1 represents a perfect negative correlation, and
4102:
3106:
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
3023:(3rd ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson, Brooks/Cole.
1728:are examples of asymptotically efficient criteria.
662:
558:is the root of a good study and the arrangement of
5700:
2925:DATASUS: Tecnologia da Informação a Serviço do SUS
2760:
2202:Studies for differential expression of genes from
2110:(QTL). The study of QTLs become feasible by using
2067:and health care policy & management. In these
1980:have gained popularity as a method for performing
1443:
1298:
1156:
1134:
953:. The birth rate in Brazil (2010â2016); Figure B:
844:
790:
2721:Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia
2688:
1135:{\displaystyle {x_{1}+x_{2}+x_{3}+\cdots +x_{n}}}
8324:
4304:The Collection of Biostatistics Research Archive
3677:
2269:for gene network inference or pathways analysis.
2130:was proposed in order to identify QTLs based on
5786:Multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS)
3518:"National Center for Biotechnology Information"
3316:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2413:image analysis, deep-learning, machine-learning
1474:= 1 represents a perfect positive correlation,
4038:PLA 3.0 â Software for Biostatistical Analysis
2470:
1814:
1600:
594:, determined by the researcher, to provide an
7166:
6667:
4341:
4186:"Communications in Biometry and Crop Science"
4006:
3850:Frank Emmert-Streib; Matthias Dehmer (2010).
1595:
791:{\displaystyle N=f_{1}+f_{2}+f_{3}+...+f_{n}}
71:
4076:"The International Journal of Biostatistics"
2944:
1731:
273:results. The correct definition of the main
3834:
3626:
2945:Forthofer, Ronald N.; Lee, Eun Sul (1995).
2838:
2548:Communications in Biometry and Crop Science
1712:
1431:
1369:( 2 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 4 + 4 + 11 ) / 9
8128:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
7173:
7159:
6674:
6660:
4386:
4348:
4334:
3875:Warren J. Ewens; Gregory R. Grant (2004).
3852:Medical Biostatistics for Complex Diseases
2512:and biological areas other than medicine.
1934:, among others. To indicate some of them,
621:, where results are usually compared with
181:and methods of computing them and defined
59:. It encompasses the design of biological
8088:Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
8078:Center for Disease Control and Prevention
7140:Timeline of biology and organic chemistry
4999:
4309:Guide to Biostatistics (MedPageToday.com)
4222:"Statistical Methods in Medical Research"
3796:
3786:
3695:
3654:
3644:
3560:
3395:
3345:
3335:
3278:
3241:
3166:
3117:
2995:
2852:
2665:
2533:Journal of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
1782:Learn how and when to remove this message
1485:
1324:is the value in the middle of a dataset.
146:The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection
4031:
3534:
3084:
2085:
1961:Use of computationally intensive methods
1447:
1002:
944:
845:{\displaystyle n_{i}={\frac {f_{i}}{N}}}
321:
142:Statistical Methods for Research Workers
94:". His ideas were strongly disagreed by
8133:Health departments in the United States
6681:
3913:
3911:
3524:. U. S. National Library of Medicine â.
3224:Hayden, Erika Check (8 February 2012).
3051:
2969:
2554:Statistical Methods in Medical Research
2515:
1704:Mis-specification and robustness checks
14:
8325:
8138:Council on Education for Public Health
6312:KaplanâMeier estimator (product limit)
3627:Korte, Arthur; Farlow, Ashley (2013).
3223:
3099:
2639:
2530:International Journal of Biostatistics
1530:), that is going to be tested, and an
1346:Comparison among mean, median and mode
1068:is the sum of a collection of values (
562:within the study is essential because
514:
8196:Professional degrees of public health
8103:Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
7154:
7135:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
6655:
6385:
5952:
5699:
4998:
4768:
4385:
4329:
3990:"The Comprehensive R Archive Network"
3541:Experimental & Molecular Medicine
3377:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3264:
3140:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2218:that are part of a gene sequence. As
619:randomized controlled clinical trials
8293:
8186:Bachelor of Science in Public Health
6622:
6322:Accelerated failure time (AFT) model
3908:
3712:Jessica; Varshney, Rajeev K (2017).
3583:
3535:Apweiler, Rolf; et al. (2018).
3018:
2915:
2913:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2596:Mathematical and theoretical biology
1991:
1945:are examples of cluster algorithms;
1764:adding citations to reliable sources
1735:
1726:Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC)
1722:Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC)
1538:Significance level and decision rule
667:
300:
256:
8305:
7454:Workers' right to access the toilet
7295:Human right to water and sanitation
6634:
5917:Analysis of variance (ANOVA, anova)
4769:
4299:The International Biometric Society
4090:"PubMed Journals will be shut down"
3226:"Biostatistics: Revealing analysis"
3056:. Dubuque, Iowa: Wm. C. Brown Pub.
1675:
1556:Experiment and statistical analysis
697:
24:
6012:CochranâMantelâHaenszel statistics
4638:Pearson product-moment correlation
3362:
2931:
2640:Gunter, Chris (10 December 2008).
2197:
1809:Machine learning in bioinformatics
636:
522:sustain those basic principles of
203:These and other biostatisticians,
25:
8349:
7727:Commercial determinants of health
7180:
4280:
4058:"Biostatistics - Oxford Academic"
2910:
2891:
2747:
2707:
1819:New biomedical technologies like
1628:is the failure to reject a false
1540:: A decision rule depends on the
237:apparent. One anecdote describes
8304:
8292:
8281:
8280:
7310:National public health institute
6633:
6621:
6609:
6596:
6595:
6386:
4285:
4032:Stegmann, Dr Ralf (2019-07-01).
3758:from the original on 2022-10-09.
3119:10.1111/j.1753-6405.2009.00372.x
2841:Research in Nursing & Health
2810:10.1046/j.1525-139X.2002.00085.x
2703:from the original on 2022-10-09.
2689:Charles T. Munger (2003-10-03).
2245:
2043:
1996:
1740:
1348:Values = { 2,3,3,3,3,3,4,4,11 }
678:Data can be represented through
663:Analysis and data interpretation
7707:Open-source healthcare software
7449:Sociology of health and illness
6271:Least-squares spectral analysis
4250:
4232:
4214:
4196:
4178:
4152:
4134:
4108:
4096:
4082:
4068:
4050:
4025:
4000:
3982:
3947:
3937:"CycDesigN - VSN International"
3929:
3883:
3868:
3843:
3828:
3813:
3762:
3704:
3697:10.3835/plantgenome2008.02.0089
3671:
3620:
3577:
3528:
3510:
3492:
3474:
3456:
3438:
3420:
3303:
3258:
3217:
3193:
3183:
3134:
3093:
3078:
3045:
3012:
2963:
2536:Biostatistics and Public Health
1987:
1751:needs additional citations for
1460:Pearson correlation coefficient
1444:Pearson correlation coefficient
1024:
507:is a key in determining sample
459:It is not possible to take the
346:assumes no association between
8068:Caribbean Public Health Agency
7880:Sexually transmitted infection
7777:Statistical hypothesis testing
7538:Occupational safety and health
7439:Sexual and reproductive health
7352:Occupational safety and health
5252:Mean-unbiased minimum-variance
4355:
4142:"Biometrika - Oxford Academic"
4011:. Vinaitheerthan Renganathan.
3384:Journal of Cellular Physiology
2885:
2832:
2789:
2763:Nutrition in Clinical Practice
2682:
2633:
2608:
2522:List of biostatistics journals
2275:and pharmaceutical development
2238:data comes from microarray or
2228:negative binomial distribution
2098:in order to link variation in
2011:format but may read better as
1482:= 0 is no linear correlation.
1180:
471:process is very important for
140:, published in Fisher's books
37:For the academic journal, see
13:
1:
7722:Social determinants of health
6565:Geographic information system
5781:Simultaneous equations models
3741:10.1016/j.tplants.2017.08.011
3085:Gujarati, Damodar N. (2006).
2601:
2411:Python (programming language)
2328:restricted maximum likelihood
2128:genome-wide association study
1642:statistical power of the test
1466:(rho) for the population and
998:
995:in the birth rate in Brazil.
940:
863:Genes = {2,3,3,4,5,3,3,3,3,4}
330:. The main propose is called
120:modern evolutionary synthesis
7782:Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
7543:Human factors and ergonomics
5748:Coefficient of determination
5359:Uniformly most powerful test
3052:Jarrell, Stephen B. (1994).
2976:Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A
2970:Pearson, Karl (1895-01-01).
1861:Gene Set Enrichment Analysis
1848:linear discriminant analysis
1407:
1400:
1397:
1390:
1383:
1378:
1371:
1368:
1363:
978:
540:completely randomized design
104:Arthur Dukinfield Darbishire
7:
7963:Good manufacturing practice
7767:Randomized controlled trial
6317:Proportional hazards models
6261:Spectral density estimation
6243:Vector autoregression (VAR)
5677:Maximum posterior estimator
4909:Randomized controlled trial
4240:"Pharmaceutical Statistics"
3537:"Whither systems medicine?"
2775:10.1177/0115426507022006629
2564:
2471:Scope and training programs
2281:, especially in regards to
1926:, regression, detection of
1815:Use in high-throughput data
1601:Power and statistical error
1520:The hypothesis to be tested
1428:may be plotted as circles.
1416:
463:from all the elements of a
415:
10:
8354:
8033:Theory of planned behavior
7958:Good agricultural practice
7863:Public health surveillance
7755:epidemiological statistics
7399:Public health intervention
6077:Multivariate distributions
4497:Average absolute deviation
3919:"Home - VSN International"
2733:10.1053/j.jvca.2017.04.020
2519:
2116:recombinant inbred strains
1982:statistical classification
1865:JAK-STAT signaling pathway
1825:next-generation sequencers
1694:false discovery rate (FDR)
1647:
1596:Statistical considerations
1503:standard error of the mean
1489:
1331:
1313:
1057:
967:Example of a scatter plot.
671:
72:Biostatistics and genetics
66:
36:
29:
8276:
8211:
8170:
8155:World Toilet Organization
8150:World Health Organization
8057:
8046:
7983:
7908:
7824:
7752:
7717:Public health informatics
7657:
7462:
7424:Right to rest and leisure
7253:Globalization and disease
7188:
7122:
6689:
6591:
6545:
6482:
6435:
6398:
6394:
6381:
6353:
6335:
6302:
6293:
6251:
6198:
6159:
6108:
6099:
6065:Structural equation model
6020:
5977:
5973:
5948:
5907:
5873:
5827:
5794:
5756:
5723:
5719:
5695:
5635:
5544:
5463:
5427:
5418:
5401:Score/Lagrange multiplier
5386:
5339:
5284:
5210:
5201:
5011:
5007:
4994:
4953:
4927:
4879:
4834:
4816:Sample size determination
4781:
4777:
4764:
4668:
4623:
4597:
4579:
4535:
4487:
4407:
4398:
4394:
4381:
4363:
3839:. Chapman & Hall/CRC.
3788:10.1186/gb-2010-11-12-220
3598:10.1007/s10709-004-2705-0
3168:10.1038/nature.2016.19503
3021:Seeing through statistics
3019:Utts, Jessica M. (2005).
2557:Pharmaceutical Statistics
2232:Generalized linear models
2155:marker-assisted selection
1732:Developments and big data
1309:
702:One type of table is the
586:", "incomplete blocks", "
487:across a population. The
350:. On the other hand, the
92:Law of Ancestral Heredity
8201:Schools of public health
7993:Diffusion of innovations
7692:Health impact assessment
7404:Public health laboratory
7300:Management of depression
6560:Environmental statistics
6082:Elliptical distributions
5875:Generalized linear model
5804:Simple linear regression
5574:HodgesâLehmann estimator
5031:Probability distribution
4940:Stochastic approximation
4502:Coefficient of variation
4258:"Statistics in Medicine"
3100:Watson, Lyndsey (2009).
2313:
2149:, the use of markers in
2108:quantitative trait locus
2057:health services research
1718:Model criteria selection
1713:Model selection criteria
1438:correlation coefficients
1432:Correlation coefficients
265:is proposed to answer a
8264:Social hygiene movement
8191:Doctor of Public Health
8023:Social cognitive theory
7825:Infectious and epidemic
7607:Fecalâoral transmission
6220:Cross-correlation (XCF)
5828:Non-standard predictors
5262:LehmannâScheffĂ© theorem
4935:Adaptive clinical trial
4270:10.1002/(ISSN)1097-0258
4262:onlinelibrary.wiley.com
4244:onlinelibrary.wiley.com
4172:10.1002/(ISSN)1521-4036
4164:onlinelibrary.wiley.com
4128:10.1111/(ISSN)1541-0420
4120:onlinelibrary.wiley.com
3721:Trends in Plant Science
3378:Moore, Jason H (2007).
3337:10.1073/pnas.0506580102
2642:"Quantitative Genetics"
2020:converting this section
1951:support vector machines
1932:association rule mining
1867:) using this approach.
1685:(familywise error rate)
1327:
1053:
1008:Example of a histogram.
544:randomized block design
524:experimental statistics
467:. Because of that, the
245:from his department at
205:mathematical biologists
193:The Causes of Evolution
39:Biostatistics (journal)
8259:Germ theory of disease
8038:Transtheoretical model
6749:Biological engineering
6616:Mathematics portal
6437:Engineering statistics
6345:NelsonâAalen estimator
5922:Analysis of covariance
5809:Ordinary least squares
5733:Pearson product-moment
5137:Statistical functional
5048:Empirical distribution
4881:Controlled experiments
4610:Frequency distribution
4388:Descriptive statistics
4007:Renganathan V (2021).
3646:10.1186/1746-4811-9-29
2997:10.1098/rsta.1895.0010
2576:Epidemiological method
2560:Statistics in Medicine
2256:ecological forecasting
2132:linkage disequilibrium
1666:significance level (α)
1532:alternative hypothesis
1486:Inferential statistics
1456:
1300:
1224:
1158:
1136:
1010:
969:
858:of the same organism.
846:
792:
674:Descriptive statistics
432:is defined as all the
406:alternative hypothesis
383:alternative hypothesis
352:alternative hypothesis
183:inbreeding coefficient
8143:Public Health Service
8028:Social norms approach
8018:PRECEDEâPROCEED model
7464:Preventive healthcare
7357:Pharmaceutical policy
7206:Chief Medical Officer
6834:Developmental biology
6809:Computational biology
6789:Cellular microbiology
6532:Population statistics
6474:System identification
6208:Autocorrelation (ACF)
6136:Exponential smoothing
6050:Discriminant analysis
6045:Canonical correlation
5909:Partition of variance
5771:Regression validation
5615:(JonckheereâTerpstra)
5514:Likelihood-ratio test
5203:Frequentist inference
5115:Locationâscale family
5036:Sampling distribution
5001:Statistical inference
4968:Cross-sectional study
4955:Observational studies
4914:Randomized experiment
4743:Stem-and-leaf display
4545:Central limit theorem
4321:Biomedical Statistics
4294:at Wikimedia Commons
4160:"Biometrical Journal"
3976:10.2134/agronj15.0144
3450:phytozome.jgi.doe.gov
3141:Baker, Monya (2016).
2493:computational biology
2086:Quantitative genetics
1924:unsupervised learning
1689:Bonferroni correction
1624:The type II error or
1542:level of significance
1492:Statistical inference
1451:
1301:
1204:
1159:
1137:
1006:
948:
847:
793:
495:, the trial type, as
483:might catch the most
473:statistical inference
322:Hypothesis definition
297:, and local control.
8219:Sara Josephine Baker
8118:Public Health Agency
8003:Health communication
7868:Disease surveillance
7834:Asymptomatic carrier
7816:Statistical software
7504:Preventive nutrition
7332:Medical anthropology
7221:Environmental health
7054:Reproductive biology
6939:Mathematical biology
6864:Evolutionary biology
6814:Conservation biology
6455:Probabilistic design
6040:Principal components
5883:Exponential families
5835:Nonlinear regression
5814:General linear model
5776:Mixed effects models
5766:Errors and residuals
5743:Confounding variable
5645:Bayesian probability
5623:Van der Waerden test
5613:Ordered alternative
5378:Multiple comparisons
5257:RaoâBlackwellization
5220:Estimating equations
5176:Statistical distance
4894:Factorial experiment
4427:Arithmetic-Geometric
4190:agrobiol.sggw.waw.pl
3835:Terry Speed (2003).
3553:10.1038/emm.2017.290
3522:www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
3089:. McGraw-Hill Irwin.
2798:Seminars in Dialysis
2516:Specialized journals
2102:with a variation in
2096:statistical genetics
2065:environmental health
1936:self-organizing maps
1903:Arabidopsis thaliana
1877:biological databases
1760:improve this article
1617:The type I error or
1586:Confidence intervals
1171:
1146:
1072:
809:
718:
566:largely affects the
520:Experimental designs
412:higher or shorter).
316:scientific community
209:evolutionary biology
8229:Carl Rogers Darnall
8224:Samuel Jay Crumbine
7998:Health belief model
7851:Notifiable diseases
7787:Regression analysis
7622:Waterborne diseases
7211:Cultural competence
6839:Ecological genetics
6683:Branches of biology
6527:Official statistics
6450:Methods engineering
6131:Seasonal adjustment
5899:Poisson regressions
5819:Bayesian regression
5758:Regression analysis
5738:Partial correlation
5710:Regression analysis
5309:Prediction interval
5304:Likelihood interval
5294:Confidence interval
5286:Interval estimation
5247:Unbiased estimators
5065:Model specification
4945:Up-and-down designs
4633:Partial correlation
4589:Index of dispersion
4507:Interquartile range
3968:2015AgrJ..107.2263P
3894:. Wiley-Blackwell.
3854:. Wiley-Blackwell.
3733:2017TPS....22..961C
3432:www.arabidopsis.org
3328:2005PNAS..10215545S
3322:(43): 15545â15550.
3267:Statistical Science
3243:10.1038/nj7384-263a
3159:2016Natur.531..151B
2988:1895RSPTA.186..343P
2658:2008Natur.456..719G
2586:Group size measures
2545:Biometrical Journal
2465:Amazon Web Services
2332:variance-covariance
2279:Population dynamics
2092:population genetics
1949:implementation and
1875:The development of
1844:logistic regression
1827:(for genomics) and
1568:: Is made when the
1560:experimental design
1496:It is used to make
1349:
1157:{\displaystyle {n}}
963:Example of Box Plot
879:Relative frequency
876:Absolute frequency
869:
688:measures of central
623:observational study
556:experimental design
515:Experimental design
452:, or all the sperm
308:scientific question
279:experimental design
267:scientific question
166:population dynamics
158:Fisher's exact test
138:Rothamsted Research
127:population genetics
7827:disease prevention
7762:Caseâcontrol study
7434:Security of person
7283:Health care reform
7130:History of biology
7064:Structural biology
7049:Relational biology
6874:Generative biology
6869:Freshwater biology
6547:Spatial statistics
6427:Medical statistics
6327:First hitting time
6281:Whittle likelihood
5932:Degrees of freedom
5927:Multivariate ANOVA
5860:Heteroscedasticity
5672:Bayesian estimator
5637:Bayesian inference
5486:KolmogorovâSmirnov
5371:Randomization test
5341:Testing hypotheses
5314:Tolerance interval
5225:Maximum likelihood
5120:Exponential family
5053:Density estimation
5013:Statistical theory
4973:Natural experiment
4919:Scientific control
4836:Survey methodology
4522:Standard deviation
4314:2012-05-22 at the
3994:cran.r-project.org
3824:. Wiley-Blackwell.
3488:. 11 January 2024.
3486:www.ddbj.nig.ac.jp
3428:"TAIR - Home Page"
2949:. Academic Press.
2334:matrix structures.
2022:, if appropriate.
1638:significance level
1510:Hypothesis testing
1457:
1345:
1296:
1154:
1132:
1011:
970:
957:The birth rate in
955:Bar chart example.
951:Line graph example
868:
842:
788:
354:is the denial of H
239:Thomas Hunt Morgan
228:On Growth and Form
8320:
8319:
8272:
8271:
8182:Higher education
8013:Positive deviance
8008:Health psychology
7984:Health behavioral
7911:safety management
7885:Social distancing
7659:Population health
7639:Smoking cessation
7587:Pharmacovigilance
7558:Injury prevention
7526:Infection control
7444:Social psychology
7394:Prisoners' rights
7337:Medical sociology
7305:Public health law
7201:Biological hazard
7148:
7147:
7069:Synthetic biology
6949:Molecular biology
6804:Cognitive biology
6649:
6648:
6587:
6586:
6583:
6582:
6522:National accounts
6492:Actuarial science
6484:Social statistics
6377:
6376:
6373:
6372:
6369:
6368:
6304:Survival function
6289:
6288:
6151:Granger causality
5992:Contingency table
5967:Survival analysis
5944:
5943:
5940:
5939:
5796:Linear regression
5691:
5690:
5687:
5686:
5662:Credible interval
5631:
5630:
5414:
5413:
5230:Method of moments
5099:Parametric family
5060:Statistical model
4990:
4989:
4986:
4985:
4904:Random assignment
4826:Statistical power
4760:
4759:
4756:
4755:
4605:Contingency table
4575:
4574:
4442:Generalized/power
4290:Media related to
4208:www.degruyter.com
3901:978-3-527-32750-8
3861:978-3-527-32585-6
3397:10.1002/jcp.21218
3289:10.1214/07-STS236
3236:(7384): 263â265.
3201:"Null hypothesis"
2956:978-0-12-262270-0
2340:crossover designs
2283:fisheries science
2273:Clinical research
2262:sequence analysis
2112:molecular markers
2041:
2040:
1976:In recent times,
1835:Multicollinearity
1829:mass spectrometry
1792:
1791:
1784:
1414:
1413:
1334:Mode (statistics)
1294:
1197:
1183:
938:
937:
840:
668:Descriptive tools
650:quantitative data
548:factorial designs
493:clinical research
312:literature review
301:Research question
257:Research planning
243:Friden calculator
162:Fisher's equation
116:Wilhelm Johannsen
112:Charles Davenport
51:) is a branch of
16:(Redirected from
8345:
8308:
8307:
8296:
8295:
8284:
8283:
8178:Health education
8055:
8054:
7909:Food hygiene and
7890:Tropical disease
7702:Infant mortality
7677:Community health
7553:Controlled Drugs
7489:Health promotion
7419:Right to housing
7263:Health economics
7175:
7168:
7161:
7152:
7151:
6794:Chemical biology
6676:
6669:
6662:
6653:
6652:
6637:
6636:
6625:
6624:
6614:
6613:
6599:
6598:
6502:Crime statistics
6396:
6395:
6383:
6382:
6300:
6299:
6266:Fourier analysis
6253:Frequency domain
6233:
6180:
6146:Structural break
6106:
6105:
6055:Cluster analysis
6002:Log-linear model
5975:
5974:
5950:
5949:
5891:
5865:Homoscedasticity
5721:
5720:
5697:
5696:
5616:
5608:
5600:
5599:(KruskalâWallis)
5584:
5569:
5524:Cross validation
5509:
5491:AndersonâDarling
5438:
5425:
5424:
5396:Likelihood-ratio
5388:Parametric tests
5366:Permutation test
5349:1- & 2-tails
5240:Minimum distance
5212:Point estimation
5208:
5207:
5159:Optimal decision
5110:
5009:
5008:
4996:
4995:
4978:Quasi-experiment
4928:Adaptive designs
4779:
4778:
4766:
4765:
4643:Rank correlation
4405:
4404:
4396:
4395:
4383:
4382:
4350:
4343:
4336:
4327:
4326:
4289:
4274:
4273:
4254:
4248:
4247:
4236:
4230:
4229:
4218:
4212:
4211:
4200:
4194:
4193:
4182:
4176:
4175:
4156:
4150:
4149:
4138:
4132:
4131:
4112:
4106:
4103:https://ebph.it/
4100:
4094:
4093:
4086:
4080:
4079:
4072:
4066:
4065:
4054:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4044:
4029:
4023:
4022:
4004:
3998:
3997:
3986:
3980:
3979:
3956:Agronomy Journal
3951:
3945:
3944:
3933:
3927:
3926:
3915:
3906:
3905:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3872:
3866:
3865:
3847:
3841:
3840:
3832:
3826:
3825:
3817:
3811:
3810:
3800:
3790:
3766:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3718:
3708:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3684:The Plant Genome
3675:
3669:
3668:
3658:
3648:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3581:
3575:
3574:
3564:
3532:
3526:
3525:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3496:
3490:
3489:
3478:
3472:
3471:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3424:
3418:
3417:
3399:
3380:"Bioinformatics"
3375:
3360:
3359:
3349:
3339:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3282:
3262:
3256:
3255:
3245:
3221:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3211:
3205:www.statlect.com
3197:
3191:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3170:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3121:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3054:Basic statistics
3049:
3043:
3042:
3016:
3010:
3009:
2999:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2942:
2929:
2928:
2917:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2898:www.sangakoo.com
2892:Maths, Sangaku.
2889:
2883:
2882:
2856:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2758:
2745:
2744:
2727:(5): 1878â1882.
2716:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2695:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2669:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2612:
2591:Health indicator
2508:), business and
2430:numerical python
2401:machine learning
2385:for programming.
2303:Pharmacokinetics
2298:Pharmacodynamics
2159:cross-validation
2080:Systems medicine
2036:
2033:
2027:
2018:You can help by
2000:
1999:
1992:
1916:machine learning
1805:Machine learning
1787:
1780:
1776:
1773:
1767:
1744:
1736:
1682:falses positives
1676:Multiple testing
1350:
1344:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1295:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1270:
1269:
1257:
1256:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1223:
1218:
1198:
1190:
1185:
1184:
1176:
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1133:
1131:
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1129:
1111:
1110:
1098:
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1085:
1084:
870:
867:
864:
851:
849:
848:
843:
841:
836:
835:
826:
821:
820:
797:
795:
794:
789:
787:
786:
762:
761:
749:
748:
736:
735:
698:Frequency tables
646:qualitative data
625:designs such as
607:clinical studies
596:error estimation
310:, an exhaustive
261:Any research in
189:J. B. S. Haldane
172:Sewall G. Wright
21:
8353:
8352:
8348:
8347:
8346:
8344:
8343:
8342:
8323:
8322:
8321:
8316:
8268:
8239:Margaret Sanger
8207:
8166:
8050:
8048:
8042:
7985:
7979:
7951:Safety scandals
7910:
7904:
7826:
7820:
7754:
7748:
7744:Social medicine
7737:Race and health
7672:Child mortality
7653:
7612:Open defecation
7494:Human nutrition
7484:Family planning
7472:Behavior change
7458:
7414:Right to health
7327:Maternal health
7317:Health politics
7268:Health literacy
7184:
7179:
7149:
7144:
7118:
7079:Systems biology
7044:Quantum biology
6685:
6680:
6650:
6645:
6608:
6579:
6541:
6478:
6464:quality control
6431:
6413:Clinical trials
6390:
6365:
6349:
6337:Hazard function
6331:
6285:
6247:
6231:
6194:
6190:BreuschâGodfrey
6178:
6155:
6095:
6070:Factor analysis
6016:
5997:Graphical model
5969:
5936:
5903:
5889:
5869:
5823:
5790:
5752:
5715:
5714:
5683:
5627:
5614:
5606:
5598:
5582:
5567:
5546:Rank statistics
5540:
5519:Model selection
5507:
5465:Goodness of fit
5459:
5436:
5410:
5382:
5335:
5280:
5269:Median unbiased
5197:
5108:
5041:Order statistic
5003:
4982:
4949:
4923:
4875:
4830:
4773:
4771:Data collection
4752:
4664:
4619:
4593:
4571:
4531:
4483:
4400:Continuous data
4390:
4377:
4359:
4354:
4316:Wayback Machine
4283:
4278:
4277:
4256:
4255:
4251:
4238:
4237:
4233:
4220:
4219:
4215:
4202:
4201:
4197:
4184:
4183:
4179:
4158:
4157:
4153:
4140:
4139:
4135:
4114:
4113:
4109:
4101:
4097:
4092:. 15 June 2018.
4088:
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3869:
3862:
3848:
3844:
3833:
3829:
3818:
3814:
3767:
3763:
3755:
3727:(11): 961â975.
3716:
3709:
3705:
3676:
3672:
3625:
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3582:
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3533:
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3516:
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3194:
3188:
3184:
3139:
3135:
3098:
3094:
3083:
3079:
3064:
3050:
3046:
3031:
3017:
3013:
2968:
2964:
2957:
2943:
2932:
2919:
2918:
2911:
2902:
2900:
2890:
2886:
2854:10.1.1.472.7825
2837:
2833:
2794:
2790:
2759:
2748:
2717:
2708:
2700:
2693:
2687:
2683:
2667:10.1038/456719a
2638:
2634:
2625:
2623:
2613:
2609:
2604:
2567:
2524:
2518:
2506:quality control
2501:clinical trials
2473:
2316:
2267:Systems biology
2248:
2200:
2198:Expression data
2178:Animal breeding
2088:
2073:clinical trials
2046:
2037:
2031:
2028:
2017:
2001:
1997:
1990:
1963:
1947:neural networks
1873:
1839:gene expression
1817:
1788:
1777:
1771:
1768:
1757:
1745:
1734:
1715:
1706:
1698:null hypotheses
1678:
1672:) is rejected.
1671:
1663:
1658:null hypothesis
1650:
1630:null hypothesis
1603:
1598:
1579:
1570:null hypothesis
1529:
1524:null hypothesis
1494:
1488:
1446:
1434:
1419:
1347:
1336:
1330:
1318:
1312:
1284:
1280:
1265:
1261:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1219:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1189:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1125:
1121:
1106:
1102:
1093:
1089:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1066:arithmetic mean
1062:
1056:
1048:scatter diagram
1027:
1001:
981:
943:
862:
831:
827:
825:
816:
812:
810:
807:
806:
782:
778:
757:
753:
744:
740:
731:
727:
719:
716:
715:
700:
676:
670:
665:
657:metric measures
639:
637:Data collection
517:
448:, as the whole
418:
396:
392:
388:
380:
376:
372:
364:
357:
349:
345:
342:. In general, H
337:
332:null hypothesis
324:
303:
283:data collection
259:
224:D'Arcy Thompson
197:primordial soup
96:William Bateson
74:
69:
47:(also known as
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8351:
8341:
8340:
8338:Bioinformatics
8335:
8318:
8317:
8315:
8314:
8302:
8290:
8277:
8274:
8273:
8270:
8269:
8267:
8266:
8261:
8256:
8251:
8246:
8241:
8236:
8231:
8226:
8221:
8215:
8213:
8209:
8208:
8206:
8205:
8204:
8203:
8198:
8193:
8188:
8180:
8174:
8172:
8168:
8167:
8165:
8164:
8157:
8152:
8147:
8146:
8145:
8140:
8135:
8130:
8122:
8121:
8120:
8115:
8107:
8106:
8105:
8097:
8096:
8095:
8090:
8082:
8081:
8080:
8072:
8071:
8070:
8061:
8059:
8052:
8047:Organizations,
8044:
8043:
8041:
8040:
8035:
8030:
8025:
8020:
8015:
8010:
8005:
8000:
7995:
7989:
7987:
7981:
7980:
7978:
7977:
7976:
7975:
7970:
7960:
7955:
7954:
7953:
7948:
7943:
7938:
7933:
7928:
7923:
7914:
7912:
7906:
7905:
7903:
7902:
7897:
7892:
7887:
7882:
7877:
7872:
7871:
7870:
7860:
7859:
7858:
7848:
7847:
7846:
7836:
7830:
7828:
7822:
7821:
7819:
7818:
7813:
7812:
7811:
7803:
7794:
7789:
7784:
7774:
7769:
7764:
7758:
7756:
7753:Biological and
7750:
7749:
7747:
7746:
7741:
7740:
7739:
7734:
7729:
7719:
7714:
7712:Multimorbidity
7709:
7704:
7699:
7694:
7689:
7684:
7679:
7674:
7669:
7663:
7661:
7655:
7654:
7652:
7651:
7649:Vector control
7646:
7641:
7636:
7634:School hygiene
7631:
7630:
7629:
7624:
7619:
7617:Sanitary sewer
7614:
7609:
7604:
7594:
7589:
7584:
7583:
7582:
7575:Patient safety
7572:
7571:
7570:
7565:
7560:
7555:
7550:
7545:
7535:
7534:
7533:
7528:
7523:
7518:
7508:
7507:
7506:
7501:
7491:
7486:
7481:
7480:
7479:
7468:
7466:
7460:
7459:
7457:
7456:
7451:
7446:
7441:
7436:
7431:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7411:
7406:
7401:
7396:
7391:
7390:
7389:
7384:
7379:
7374:
7369:
7359:
7354:
7349:
7339:
7334:
7329:
7324:
7319:
7314:
7313:
7312:
7307:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7286:
7285:
7280:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7258:Harm reduction
7255:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7239:
7238:
7233:
7223:
7218:
7213:
7208:
7203:
7198:
7192:
7190:
7186:
7185:
7178:
7177:
7170:
7163:
7155:
7146:
7145:
7143:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7126:
7124:
7120:
7119:
7117:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7086:
7081:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7061:
7056:
7051:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7006:
7001:
6996:
6991:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6934:Marine biology
6931:
6926:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6744:Bioinformatics
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6690:
6687:
6686:
6679:
6678:
6671:
6664:
6656:
6647:
6646:
6644:
6643:
6631:
6619:
6605:
6592:
6589:
6588:
6585:
6584:
6581:
6580:
6578:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6551:
6549:
6543:
6542:
6540:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6488:
6486:
6480:
6479:
6477:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6441:
6439:
6433:
6432:
6430:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6410:
6408:Bioinformatics
6404:
6402:
6392:
6391:
6379:
6378:
6375:
6374:
6371:
6370:
6367:
6366:
6364:
6363:
6357:
6355:
6351:
6350:
6348:
6347:
6341:
6339:
6333:
6332:
6330:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6308:
6306:
6297:
6291:
6290:
6287:
6286:
6284:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6257:
6255:
6249:
6248:
6246:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6216:
6215:
6213:partial (PACF)
6204:
6202:
6196:
6195:
6193:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6174:
6169:
6163:
6161:
6160:Specific tests
6157:
6156:
6154:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6112:
6110:
6103:
6097:
6096:
6094:
6093:
6092:
6091:
6090:
6089:
6074:
6073:
6072:
6062:
6060:Classification
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6026:
6024:
6018:
6017:
6015:
6014:
6009:
6007:McNemar's test
6004:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5983:
5981:
5971:
5970:
5946:
5945:
5942:
5941:
5938:
5937:
5935:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5913:
5911:
5905:
5904:
5902:
5901:
5885:
5879:
5877:
5871:
5870:
5868:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5845:Semiparametric
5842:
5837:
5831:
5829:
5825:
5824:
5822:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5800:
5798:
5792:
5791:
5789:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5762:
5760:
5754:
5753:
5751:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5729:
5727:
5717:
5716:
5713:
5712:
5707:
5701:
5693:
5692:
5689:
5688:
5685:
5684:
5682:
5681:
5680:
5679:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5658:
5657:
5652:
5641:
5639:
5633:
5632:
5629:
5628:
5626:
5625:
5620:
5619:
5618:
5610:
5602:
5586:
5583:(MannâWhitney)
5578:
5577:
5576:
5563:
5562:
5561:
5550:
5548:
5542:
5541:
5539:
5538:
5537:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5516:
5511:
5508:(ShapiroâWilk)
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5475:
5469:
5467:
5461:
5460:
5458:
5457:
5449:
5440:
5428:
5422:
5420:Specific tests
5416:
5415:
5412:
5411:
5409:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5392:
5390:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5380:
5375:
5374:
5373:
5363:
5362:
5361:
5351:
5345:
5343:
5337:
5336:
5334:
5333:
5332:
5331:
5326:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5290:
5288:
5282:
5281:
5279:
5278:
5273:
5272:
5271:
5266:
5265:
5264:
5259:
5244:
5243:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5216:
5214:
5205:
5199:
5198:
5196:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5184:
5183:
5173:
5168:
5167:
5166:
5156:
5155:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5123:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5096:
5095:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5074:
5073:
5072:
5067:
5057:
5056:
5055:
5045:
5044:
5043:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5017:
5015:
5005:
5004:
4992:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4959:
4957:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4931:
4929:
4925:
4924:
4922:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4885:
4883:
4877:
4876:
4874:
4873:
4871:Standard error
4868:
4863:
4858:
4857:
4856:
4851:
4840:
4838:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4801:Optimal design
4798:
4793:
4787:
4785:
4775:
4774:
4762:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4754:
4753:
4751:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4674:
4672:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4662:
4657:
4656:
4655:
4650:
4640:
4635:
4629:
4627:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4601:
4599:
4598:Summary tables
4595:
4594:
4592:
4591:
4585:
4583:
4577:
4576:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4569:
4568:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4547:
4541:
4539:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4493:
4491:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4470:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4432:Contraharmonic
4429:
4424:
4413:
4411:
4402:
4392:
4391:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4375:
4370:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4353:
4352:
4345:
4338:
4330:
4324:
4323:
4318:
4306:
4301:
4282:
4281:External links
4279:
4276:
4275:
4249:
4231:
4213:
4195:
4177:
4151:
4133:
4107:
4095:
4081:
4067:
4049:
4024:
4017:
3999:
3981:
3946:
3941:www.vsni.co.uk
3928:
3923:www.vsni.co.uk
3907:
3900:
3882:
3867:
3860:
3842:
3827:
3812:
3775:Genome Biology
3761:
3703:
3670:
3619:
3592:(1â2): 25â37.
3576:
3527:
3509:
3491:
3473:
3455:
3437:
3419:
3361:
3302:
3257:
3216:
3192:
3182:
3133:
3112:(2): 196â197.
3092:
3077:
3063:978-0697215956
3062:
3044:
3030:978-0534394028
3029:
3011:
2962:
2955:
2930:
2909:
2884:
2847:(3): 246â255.
2831:
2804:(5): 347â351.
2788:
2746:
2706:
2681:
2632:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2571:Bioinformatics
2566:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2517:
2514:
2489:bioinformatics
2472:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2446:linear algebra
2441:
2436:
2431:
2425:
2420:
2414:
2408:
2390:
2386:
2372:
2349:
2343:
2335:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2286:
2276:
2270:
2264:
2258:
2247:
2244:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2192:human genetics
2181:
2170:Plant breeding
2147:plant breeding
2136:SNP genotyping
2087:
2084:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2004:
2002:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1978:random forests
1962:
1959:
1872:
1869:
1816:
1813:
1801:Bioinformatics
1799:technologies,
1790:
1789:
1748:
1746:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1714:
1711:
1705:
1702:
1677:
1674:
1669:
1661:
1649:
1646:
1634:
1633:
1626:false negative
1622:
1619:false positive
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1589:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1563:
1553:
1550:test statistic
1546:critical value
1535:
1527:
1513:
1512:
1490:Main article:
1487:
1484:
1445:
1442:
1433:
1430:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1399:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1388:, 3, 4, 4, 11
1382:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1332:Main article:
1329:
1326:
1314:Main article:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1293:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1251:
1244:
1240:
1233:
1229:
1222:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1196:
1193:
1188:
1182:
1179:
1152:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1058:Main article:
1055:
1052:
1026:
1023:
1000:
997:
980:
977:
942:
939:
936:
935:
932:
929:
925:
924:
921:
918:
914:
913:
910:
907:
903:
902:
899:
896:
892:
891:
888:
885:
881:
880:
877:
874:
866:
865:
839:
834:
830:
824:
819:
815:
785:
781:
777:
774:
771:
768:
765:
760:
756:
752:
747:
743:
739:
734:
730:
726:
723:
699:
696:
672:Main article:
669:
666:
664:
661:
638:
635:
580:microorganisms
554:, the correct
516:
513:
417:
414:
394:
390:
386:
378:
374:
370:
362:
355:
347:
343:
335:
323:
320:
302:
299:
258:
255:
217:quantitatively
201:
200:
186:
169:
100:Raphael Weldon
88:Francis Galton
73:
70:
68:
65:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8350:
8339:
8336:
8334:
8333:Biostatistics
8331:
8330:
8328:
8313:
8312:
8303:
8301:
8300:
8291:
8289:
8288:
8279:
8278:
8275:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8252:
8250:
8247:
8245:
8242:
8240:
8237:
8235:
8234:Joseph Lister
8232:
8230:
8227:
8225:
8222:
8220:
8217:
8216:
8214:
8210:
8202:
8199:
8197:
8194:
8192:
8189:
8187:
8184:
8183:
8181:
8179:
8176:
8175:
8173:
8169:
8162:
8158:
8156:
8153:
8151:
8148:
8144:
8141:
8139:
8136:
8134:
8131:
8129:
8126:
8125:
8123:
8119:
8116:
8114:
8113:Health Canada
8111:
8110:
8108:
8104:
8101:
8100:
8098:
8094:
8091:
8089:
8086:
8085:
8083:
8079:
8076:
8075:
8073:
8069:
8066:
8065:
8063:
8062:
8060:
8058:Organizations
8056:
8053:
8045:
8039:
8036:
8034:
8031:
8029:
8026:
8024:
8021:
8019:
8016:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8001:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7990:
7988:
7982:
7974:
7971:
7969:
7966:
7965:
7964:
7961:
7959:
7956:
7952:
7949:
7947:
7944:
7942:
7939:
7937:
7934:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7924:
7922:
7919:
7918:
7916:
7915:
7913:
7907:
7901:
7898:
7896:
7895:Vaccine trial
7893:
7891:
7888:
7886:
7883:
7881:
7878:
7876:
7873:
7869:
7866:
7865:
7864:
7861:
7857:
7854:
7853:
7852:
7849:
7845:
7842:
7841:
7840:
7837:
7835:
7832:
7831:
7829:
7823:
7817:
7814:
7810:
7808:
7804:
7802:
7800:
7795:
7793:
7790:
7788:
7785:
7783:
7780:
7779:
7778:
7775:
7773:
7772:Relative risk
7770:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7759:
7757:
7751:
7745:
7742:
7738:
7735:
7733:
7732:Health equity
7730:
7728:
7725:
7724:
7723:
7720:
7718:
7715:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7697:Health system
7695:
7693:
7690:
7688:
7687:Global health
7685:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7673:
7670:
7668:
7667:Biostatistics
7665:
7664:
7662:
7660:
7656:
7650:
7647:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7635:
7632:
7628:
7625:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7603:
7600:
7599:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7585:
7581:
7578:
7577:
7576:
7573:
7569:
7566:
7564:
7561:
7559:
7556:
7554:
7551:
7549:
7546:
7544:
7541:
7540:
7539:
7536:
7532:
7529:
7527:
7524:
7522:
7519:
7517:
7514:
7513:
7512:
7509:
7505:
7502:
7500:
7497:
7496:
7495:
7492:
7490:
7487:
7485:
7482:
7478:
7475:
7474:
7473:
7470:
7469:
7467:
7465:
7461:
7455:
7452:
7450:
7447:
7445:
7442:
7440:
7437:
7435:
7432:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7412:
7410:
7409:Right to food
7407:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7397:
7395:
7392:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7378:
7375:
7373:
7370:
7368:
7365:
7364:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7347:
7343:
7342:Mental health
7340:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7320:
7318:
7315:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7302:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7290:Housing First
7288:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7278:Health system
7276:
7275:
7274:
7273:Health policy
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7228:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7193:
7191:
7187:
7183:
7182:Public health
7176:
7171:
7169:
7164:
7162:
7157:
7156:
7153:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7127:
7125:
7121:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7014:Phylogenetics
7012:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6909:Human biology
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6799:Chronobiology
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6774:Biotechnology
6772:
6770:
6769:Biostatistics
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6691:
6688:
6684:
6677:
6672:
6670:
6665:
6663:
6658:
6657:
6654:
6642:
6641:
6632:
6630:
6629:
6620:
6618:
6617:
6612:
6606:
6604:
6603:
6594:
6593:
6590:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6570:Geostatistics
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6552:
6550:
6548:
6544:
6538:
6537:Psychometrics
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6489:
6487:
6485:
6481:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6442:
6440:
6438:
6434:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6405:
6403:
6401:
6400:Biostatistics
6397:
6393:
6389:
6384:
6380:
6362:
6361:Log-rank test
6359:
6358:
6356:
6352:
6346:
6343:
6342:
6340:
6338:
6334:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6309:
6307:
6305:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6292:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6258:
6256:
6254:
6250:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6232:(BoxâJenkins)
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6214:
6211:
6210:
6209:
6206:
6205:
6203:
6201:
6197:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6185:DurbinâWatson
6183:
6181:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6167:DickeyâFuller
6165:
6164:
6162:
6158:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6141:Cointegration
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6116:Decomposition
6114:
6113:
6111:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6098:
6088:
6085:
6084:
6083:
6080:
6079:
6078:
6075:
6071:
6068:
6067:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6027:
6025:
6023:
6019:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5987:Cohen's kappa
5985:
5984:
5982:
5980:
5976:
5972:
5968:
5964:
5960:
5956:
5951:
5947:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5914:
5912:
5910:
5906:
5900:
5896:
5892:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5880:
5878:
5876:
5872:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5840:Nonparametric
5838:
5836:
5833:
5832:
5830:
5826:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5801:
5799:
5797:
5793:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5763:
5761:
5759:
5755:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5730:
5728:
5726:
5722:
5718:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5702:
5698:
5694:
5678:
5675:
5674:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5647:
5646:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5638:
5634:
5624:
5621:
5617:
5611:
5609:
5603:
5601:
5595:
5594:
5593:
5590:
5589:Nonparametric
5587:
5585:
5579:
5575:
5572:
5571:
5570:
5564:
5560:
5559:Sample median
5557:
5556:
5555:
5552:
5551:
5549:
5547:
5543:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5521:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5480:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5470:
5468:
5466:
5462:
5456:
5454:
5450:
5448:
5446:
5441:
5439:
5434:
5430:
5429:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5417:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5393:
5391:
5389:
5385:
5379:
5376:
5372:
5369:
5368:
5367:
5364:
5360:
5357:
5356:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5342:
5338:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5321:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5287:
5283:
5277:
5274:
5270:
5267:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5254:
5253:
5250:
5249:
5248:
5245:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5222:
5221:
5218:
5217:
5215:
5213:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5200:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5165:
5164:loss function
5162:
5161:
5160:
5157:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5139:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5105:
5102:
5101:
5100:
5097:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5079:
5078:
5075:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5062:
5061:
5058:
5054:
5051:
5050:
5049:
5046:
5042:
5039:
5038:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5014:
5010:
5006:
5002:
4997:
4993:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4956:
4952:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4926:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4886:
4884:
4882:
4878:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4866:Questionnaire
4864:
4862:
4859:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4846:
4845:
4842:
4841:
4839:
4837:
4833:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4788:
4786:
4784:
4780:
4776:
4772:
4767:
4763:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4693:Control chart
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4671:
4667:
4661:
4658:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4645:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4626:
4622:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4596:
4590:
4587:
4586:
4584:
4582:
4578:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4552:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4538:
4534:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4490:
4486:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4418:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4410:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4389:
4384:
4380:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4365:
4362:
4358:
4351:
4346:
4344:
4339:
4337:
4332:
4331:
4328:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4313:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4295:
4293:
4292:Biostatistics
4288:
4271:
4267:
4263:
4259:
4253:
4245:
4241:
4235:
4227:
4226:SAGE Journals
4223:
4217:
4210:. 1 May 2002.
4209:
4205:
4199:
4191:
4187:
4181:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4155:
4147:
4143:
4137:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4111:
4104:
4099:
4091:
4085:
4077:
4071:
4063:
4059:
4053:
4039:
4035:
4028:
4020:
4018:9789354936586
4014:
4010:
4003:
3995:
3991:
3985:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3950:
3942:
3938:
3932:
3924:
3920:
3914:
3912:
3903:
3897:
3893:
3886:
3878:
3871:
3863:
3857:
3853:
3846:
3838:
3831:
3823:
3816:
3808:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3765:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3715:
3707:
3698:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3674:
3666:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3633:Plant Methods
3630:
3623:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3580:
3572:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3531:
3523:
3519:
3513:
3505:
3504:www.ebi.ac.uk
3501:
3495:
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3465:
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2621:www.eoas.info
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2527:Biostatistics
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2525:
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2498:
2497:public health
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2455:Apache Hadoop
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2259:
2257:
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2246:Other studies
2243:
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2206:data, as for
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2050:
2049:Public health
2044:Public health
2035:
2026:is available.
2025:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2005:This section
2003:
1994:
1993:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1967:bootstrapping
1958:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1942:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1912:
1910:
1905:
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1899:
1898:Gene Ontology
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1878:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1857:
1854:
1853:least squares
1849:
1845:
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1836:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
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1783:
1775:
1772:December 2016
1765:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1749:This section
1747:
1743:
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1737:
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1727:
1723:
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1710:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1690:
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1645:
1643:
1639:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1611:Type II error
1608:
1593:
1587:
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1575:
1571:
1567:
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1090:
1086:
1081:
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1067:
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1040:scatter chart
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1036:scatter graph
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1009:
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911:
908:
905:
904:
900:
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894:
893:
889:
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883:
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875:
873:Genes number
872:
871:
861:
860:
859:
857:
852:
837:
832:
828:
822:
817:
813:
804:
802:
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750:
745:
741:
737:
732:
728:
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695:
693:
690:tendency and
689:
685:
681:
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653:
651:
647:
642:
634:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
603:
601:
597:
593:
592:control plots
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
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537:
533:
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502:
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490:
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411:
407:
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398:
384:
368:
359:
353:
341:
333:
329:
319:
317:
313:
309:
298:
296:
292:
291:randomization
288:
287:data analysis
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
263:life sciences
254:
252:
251:placer mining
248:
244:
240:
236:
235:qualitatively
231:
229:
225:
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
198:
194:
190:
187:
184:
180:
178:
173:
170:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
134:Ronald Fisher
132:
131:
130:
128:
123:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
84:
83:Gregor Mendel
79:
64:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
45:Biostatistics
40:
33:
19:
8309:
8297:
8285:
8254:Radium Girls
8249:Typhoid Mary
7936:Microbiology
7806:
7798:
7682:Epidemiology
7666:
7580:Organization
7531:Oral hygiene
7521:Hand washing
7499:Healthy diet
7429:Right to sit
7322:Labor rights
7059:Sociobiology
7039:Protistology
7004:Photobiology
6999:Pharmacology
6989:Parasitology
6984:Paleontology
6964:Neuroscience
6944:Microbiology
6854:Epidemiology
6824:Cytogenetics
6784:Cell biology
6768:
6764:Biosemiotics
6754:Biomechanics
6734:Biogeography
6729:Biochemistry
6724:Bacteriology
6719:Astrobiology
6638:
6626:
6607:
6600:
6512:Econometrics
6462: /
6445:Chemometrics
6422:Epidemiology
6415: /
6399:
6388:Applications
6230:ARIMA model
6177:Q-statistic
6126:Stationarity
6022:Multivariate
5965: /
5961: /
5959:Multivariate
5957: /
5897: /
5893: /
5667:Bayes factor
5566:Signed rank
5478:
5452:
5444:
5432:
5127:Completeness
4963:Cohort study
4861:Opinion poll
4796:Missing data
4783:Study design
4738:Scatter plot
4660:Scatter plot
4653:Spearman's Ï
4615:Grouped data
4284:
4261:
4252:
4243:
4234:
4225:
4216:
4207:
4198:
4189:
4180:
4163:
4154:
4146:OUP Academic
4145:
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4119:
4116:"Biometrics"
4110:
4105:Epidemiology
4098:
4084:
4070:
4062:OUP Academic
4061:
4052:
4041:. Retrieved
4037:
4027:
4008:
4002:
3993:
3984:
3959:
3955:
3949:
3940:
3931:
3922:
3891:
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3876:
3870:
3851:
3845:
3836:
3830:
3821:
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3778:
3774:
3764:
3724:
3720:
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3683:
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3636:
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3390:(2): 365â9.
3387:
3383:
3319:
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3270:
3266:
3260:
3233:
3229:
3219:
3208:. Retrieved
3204:
3195:
3185:
3150:
3146:
3136:
3109:
3105:
3095:
3087:Econometrics
3086:
3080:
3053:
3047:
3020:
3014:
2979:
2975:
2965:
2946:
2924:
2901:. Retrieved
2897:
2887:
2844:
2840:
2834:
2801:
2797:
2791:
2766:
2762:
2724:
2720:
2684:
2649:
2645:
2635:
2624:. Retrieved
2620:
2610:
2581:Epidemiology
2485:epidemiology
2481:
2477:postgraduate
2474:
2460:Apache Spark
2383:SAS language
2365:Bioconductor
2317:
2308:Neuroimaging
2201:
2163:
2140:
2124:
2089:
2077:
2053:epidemiology
2051:, including
2047:
2029:
2024:Editing help
2006:
1988:Applications
1975:
1964:
1955:
1940:
1913:
1901:
1874:
1858:
1833:
1818:
1793:
1778:
1769:
1758:Please help
1753:verification
1750:
1716:
1707:
1679:
1651:
1635:
1607:Type I error
1604:
1590:
1565:
1555:
1545:
1537:
1519:
1514:
1495:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1458:
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1385:
1384:2, 3, 3, 3,
1372:
1337:
1319:
1063:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:scatter plot
1028:
1025:Scatter plot
1019:Karl Pearson
1012:
1007:
990:
982:
971:
966:
962:
954:
950:
853:
805:
800:
799:
714:
709:
708:
701:
677:
654:
643:
640:
627:caseâcontrol
604:
518:
458:
419:
409:
399:
360:
325:
304:
260:
241:banning the
232:
227:
221:
202:
192:
176:
124:
108:Karl Pearson
75:
48:
44:
43:
8311:WikiProject
8051:and history
7931:Engineering
7644:Vaccination
7516:Food safety
7109:Xenobiology
7104:Virophysics
7074:Systematics
7029:Primatology
6974:Ornithology
6914:Ichthyology
6899:Herpetology
6894:Gerontology
6859:Epigenetics
6819:Cryobiology
6709:Agrostology
6699:Aerobiology
6694:Abiogenesis
6640:WikiProject
6555:Cartography
6517:Jurimetrics
6469:Reliability
6200:Time domain
6179:(LjungâBox)
6101:Time-series
5979:Categorical
5963:Time-series
5955:Categorical
5890:(Bernoulli)
5725:Correlation
5705:Correlation
5501:JarqueâBera
5473:Chi-squared
5235:M-estimator
5188:Asymptotics
5132:Sufficiency
4899:Interaction
4811:Replication
4791:Effect size
4748:Violin plot
4728:Radar chart
4708:Forest plot
4698:Correlogram
4648:Kendall's Ï
3962:(6): 2263.
3879:. Springer.
3781:(12): 220.
3547:(3): e453.
3446:"Phytozome"
3273:(1): 1â22.
2982:: 343â414.
2405:data mining
2381:), it uses
2356:open source
2260:Biological
2212:microarrays
1971:re-sampling
1821:microarrays
1405:, 4, 4, 11
1044:scattergram
973:Line graphs
692:variability
615:environment
564:environment
552:agriculture
538:. They are
505:superiority
501:equivalence
497:inferiority
489:sample size
485:variability
436:of a given
434:individuals
295:replication
179:-statistics
144:(1925) and
86:Darwinism.
61:experiments
8327:Categories
8064:Caribbean
7941:Processing
7875:Quarantine
7797:Student's
7597:Sanitation
7231:History of
7094:Toxicology
7089:Teratology
7034:Proteomics
7019:Physiology
6959:Neontology
6924:Lipidology
6919:Immunology
6889:Geobiology
6849:Embryology
6829:Dendrology
6759:Biophysics
6739:Biogeology
6507:Demography
6225:ARMA model
6030:Regression
5607:(Friedman)
5568:(Wilcoxon)
5506:Normality
5496:Lilliefors
5443:Student's
5319:Resampling
5193:Robustness
5181:divergence
5171:Efficiency
5109:(monotone)
5104:Likelihood
5021:Population
4854:Stratified
4806:Population
4625:Dependence
4581:Count data
4512:Percentile
4489:Dispersion
4422:Arithmetic
4357:Statistics
4043:2019-07-02
3210:2018-05-08
2903:2018-04-10
2626:2022-10-26
2602:References
2542:Biometrika
2539:Biometrics
2520:See also:
2240:proteomics
2220:microarray
2032:March 2016
1920:supervised
1797:sequencing
1644:is 1 â ÎČ.
1498:inferences
999:Histograms
993:Zika virus
949:Figure A:
941:Line graph
588:split plot
560:treatments
536:experiment
528:treatments
465:population
442:population
430:population
422:population
402:hypothesis
381:) and the
367:metabolism
348:treatments
328:hypothesis
275:hypothesis
174:developed
156:concepts,
53:statistics
32:Biometrics
8244:John Snow
8171:Education
8161:Full list
8049:education
7973:ISO 22000
7926:Chemistry
7839:Epidemics
7792:ROC curve
7602:Emergency
7382:Radiation
7362:Pollution
7346:Ministers
7243:Euthenics
7009:Phycology
6994:Pathology
6979:Osteology
6969:Nutrition
6929:Mammalogy
6904:Histology
5888:Logistic
5655:posterior
5581:Rank sum
5329:Jackknife
5324:Bootstrap
5142:Bootstrap
5077:Parameter
5026:Statistic
4821:Statistic
4733:Run chart
4718:Pie chart
4713:Histogram
4703:Fan chart
4678:Bar chart
4560:L-moments
4447:Geometric
4034:"PLA 3.0"
3414:221831488
3280:0808.0572
3128:1326-0200
3006:0264-3820
2849:CiteSeerX
2510:economics
2419:databases
2293:evolution
2174:livestock
2151:selection
2104:phenotype
2061:nutrition
1973:methods.
1566:Inference
1275:⋯
1206:∑
1181:¯
1116:⋯
1015:histogram
985:bar chart
979:Bar chart
704:frequency
684:graphical
600:inference
576:livestock
446:organisms
285:methods,
219:modeled.
191:'s book,
8287:Category
7986:sciences
7921:Additive
7592:Safe sex
7563:Medicine
7477:Theories
7248:Genomics
7226:Eugenics
7216:Deviance
7196:Auxology
7123:See also
7099:Virology
7084:Taxonomy
7024:Pomology
6954:Mycology
6884:Genomics
6879:Genetics
6704:Agronomy
6602:Category
6295:Survival
6172:Johansen
5895:Binomial
5850:Isotonic
5437:(normal)
5082:location
4889:Blocking
4844:Sampling
4723:QâQ plot
4688:Box plot
4670:Graphics
4565:Skewness
4555:Kurtosis
4527:Variance
4457:Heronian
4452:Harmonic
4312:Archived
3807:21176179
3753:Archived
3749:28965742
3690:: 5â20.
3665:23876160
3606:15881678
3586:Genetica
3571:29497170
3406:17654500
3356:16199517
3252:22329008
3177:26961635
3072:30301196
3039:56568530
2879:10733556
2871:10871540
2826:30875225
2818:12358639
2783:18042950
2741:28778775
2698:Archived
2676:19079046
2565:See also
2439:SageMath
2236:genomics
2120:gene map
2100:genotype
2069:medicine
1928:clusters
1907:was the
1724:and The
1574:p-values
1426:Outliers
1422:Box plot
1417:Box plot
1356:Example
801:Relative
710:Absolute
584:lattices
477:Sampling
469:sampling
461:measures
416:Sampling
271:accurate
213:genetics
78:Genetics
49:biometry
18:Biometry
8299:Commons
8212:History
8109:Canada
8084:Europe
7568:Nursing
7548:Hygiene
7511:Hygiene
7236:Liberal
7189:General
7114:Zoology
6844:Ecology
6714:Anatomy
6628:Commons
6575:Kriging
6460:Process
6417:studies
6276:Wavelet
6109:General
5276:Plug-in
5070:L space
4849:Cluster
4550:Moments
4368:Outline
3964:Bibcode
3798:3046478
3729:Bibcode
3656:3750305
3614:1094152
3562:5898894
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