1106:
33:
1426:
538:
or in a rotational program with other fungicides. Because some market studies estimate that as much as 20% of global fungicide sales are directed at downy mildew diseases, the integration of biofungicides into grape production has substantial benefits by extending the useful life of other fungicides,
297:
Mycopesticides include fungi and fungi cell components. Propagules such as conidia, blastospores, chlamydospores, oospores, and zygospores have been evaluated, along with hydrolytic enzyme mixtures. The role of hydrolytic enzymes especially chitinases in the killing process, and the possible use of
558:
and seedling blights. They can also be used to control internal seed-borne fungal pathogens as well as fungal pathogens on the seed surface. Many biofungicidal products show capacities to stimulate plant host defense and other physiological processes that can make treated crops more resistant to
120:
states that they "include naturally occurring substances that control pests (biochemical pesticides), microorganisms that control pests (microbial pesticides), and pesticidal substances produced by plants containing added genetic material (plant-incorporated protectants) or
225:. Such sprays do not modify the genome of the target plant. The RNA can be modified to maintain its effectiveness as target species evolve to tolerate the original. RNA is a relatively fragile molecule that generally degrades within days or weeks of application.
578:
Living organisms evolve and increase their tolerance to control. If the target population is not exterminated or rendered incapable of reproduction, the surviving population can acquire tolerance of whatever pressures are brought to bear, resulting in an
276:
Monsanto invested in multiple companies for their RNA expertise, including
Beeologics (for RNA that kills a parasitic mite that infests hives and for manufacturing technology) and Preceres (nanoparticle lipidoid coatings) and licensed technology from
236:. RNAi can be mixed with a silicone surfactant that lets the RNA molecules enter air-exchange holes in the plant's surface. This disrupted the gene for tolerance long enough to let the herbicide work. This strategy would allow the continued use of
568:
High specificity: which may require an exact identification of the pest/pathogen and the use of multiple products used; although this can also be an advantage in that the biopesticide is less likely to harm non-target
261:. Supporters countered that RNA does not appear to survive human saliva or stomach acids. The US National Honey Bee Advisory Board told EPA that using RNAi would put natural systems at "the epitome of risk". The
575:
Variable efficacy due to the influences of various factors (since some biopesticides are living organisms, which bring about pest/pathogen control by multiplying within or nearby the target pest/pathogen)
70:
is a biological substance or organism that damages, kills, or repels organisms seens as pests. Biological pest management intervention involves predatory, parasitic, or chemical relationships.
873:
273:
of many insects are still undetermined. Other unassessed risks include ecological (given the need for sustained presence for herbicides) and possible RNA drift across species boundaries.
842:
250:
Monsanto lobbied the U.S. EPA to exempt RNAi pesticide products from any specific regulations (beyond those that apply to all pesticides) and be exempted from rodent toxicity,
1144:
257:
However, in 2012, the
Australian Safe Food Foundation claimed that the RNA trigger designed to change the starch content of wheat might interfere with the gene for a human
247:. One challenge is to make it stay on the plant for a week, even if it's raining. The potato beetle has become resistant to more than 60 conventional insecticides.
483:: a plant in the presence of this product naturally induces systemic resistance (ISR) to allow the plant to defend itself against disease, pathogens and pests.
130:
Biopesticides usually have no known function in photosynthesis, growth or other basic aspects of plant physiology. Many chemical compounds produced by plants
756:
865:
985:"With BioDirect, Monsanto Hopes RNA Sprays Can Someday Deliver Drought Tolerance and Other Traits to Plants on Demand | MIT Technology Review"
894:
Francis Borgio J, Sahayaraj K and Alper
Susurluk I (eds) . Microbial Insecticides: Principles and Applications, Nova Publishers, USA. 492pp.
1052:
526:
Biopesticides have established themselves on a variety of crops for use against crop disease. For example, biopesticides help control
833:
101:(IPM) programmes, and have received much practical attention as substitutes to synthetic chemical plant protection products (PPPs).
459:
Various animal, fungal, and plant organisms and extracts have been used as biopesticides. Products in this category include:
285:. In 2012 Syngenta acquired Devgen, a European RNA partner. Startup Forest Innovations is investigating RNAi as a solution to
899:
740:
685:
254:
and residual environmental testing. In 2014 an EPA advisory group found little evidence of a risk to people from eating RNA.
1119:
589:: Studies have found broad spectrum biopesticides have lethal and nonlethal risks for non-target native pollinators such as
1322:
1279:
701:
1445:
1067:
243:
They can be made with enough precision to target specific insect species. Monsanto is developing an RNA spray to kill
1261:
554:
and biofungicidal seed treatments are used to control soil-borne fungal pathogens that cause seed rot, damping-off,
1664:
1600:
1205:"Spinosad in the native stingless bee Melipona quadrifasciata: Regrettable non-target toxicity of a bioinsecticide"
644:
1053:"Induction of Systemic Resistance to Fusarium Crown and Root Rot in Tomato Plants by Seed Treatment with Chitosan"
792:
1610:
984:
912:
649:
226:
131:
763:
1180:
Matthews GA, Bateman RP, Miller PCH (2014) Pesticide
Application Methods (4th Edition), Chapter 16. Wiley, UK.
913:"Botanical Insecticides, Deterrents, and Repellants in Modern Agriculture and an Increasingly Regulated World"
423:
17:
1485:
1440:
654:
439:
1628:
1455:
614:
1623:
1550:
1470:
634:
495:
98:
1203:
Tomé, Hudson Vaner V.; Barbosa, Wagner F.; Martins, Gustavo F.; Guedes, Raul
Narciso C. (2015-04-01).
1605:
1520:
157:
1105:
113:
the EU, defines biopesticides as "a form of pesticide based on micro-organisms or natural products".
1560:
1555:
1480:
1465:
1315:
343:
1460:
624:
591:
586:
286:
278:
1169:
Formulation of
Microbial Biopesticides, beneficial microorganisms, nematodes and seed treatments
1659:
1654:
1573:
580:
391:
353:
310:
244:
153:
138:. These materials are biodegradable and renewable, which can be economical for practical use.
1510:
1505:
1495:
1475:
535:
531:
520:
516:
1285:
1595:
1540:
1216:
931:
8:
1633:
1525:
1308:
572:
Slow action speed (thus making them unsuitable if a pest outbreak is an immediate threat)
335:
233:
1220:
866:"Listing 17 microbes and their effects on soil, plant health and biopesticide functions"
46:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
1530:
943:
363:
359:
186:
Plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs) incorporate genetic material from other species (
1228:
604:
The market for agricultural biologicals was forecast to reach $ 19.5 billion by 2031.
1545:
1535:
1257:
1232:
1087:
1079:
1033:
1025:
935:
895:
762:(News alert). European Commission DG ENV. 18 December 2008. Issue 134. Archived from
736:
681:
401:
947:
156:
or viruses (and sometimes includes the metabolites that bacteria or fungi produce).
1515:
1224:
1071:
1017:
927:
214:
210:
534:), success under moderate to severe disease pressure, and the ability to use as a
1500:
1204:
675:
503:
199:
pesticides, some of which are topical and some of which are absorbed by the crop.
139:
1579:
547:
543:
396:
1253:
Biostimulants and
Biopesticides 2021-2031: Technologies, Markets and Forecasts
1021:
793:"Antifungal activity of some common weed extracts against wilt causing fungi,
1648:
1566:
1091:
1083:
1029:
709:
708:. Environmental Protection Agency of the USA. 2 November 2011. Archived from
629:
468:
380:
367:
251:
176:
1005:
289:
that in 2014 caused 22 percent of oranges in
Florida to fall off the trees.
1490:
1395:
1363:
1236:
1037:
939:
619:
527:
258:
179:
are naturally occurring substances that control (or monitor in the case of
160:
may be classed as microbial pesticides, even though they are multicellular.
1075:
431:
1410:
1390:
1353:
385:
373:
315:
266:
135:
486:
Biopesticides may include natural plant-derived products, which include
1450:
1400:
811:
551:
499:
319:
262:
237:
180:
1425:
960:
National
Pesticide Information Center. Last updated November 21, 2013
1415:
1405:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1348:
1339:
1331:
530:
diseases. Their benefits include: a 0-day pre-harvest interval (see:
491:
464:
282:
164:
149:
90:
1006:"Mycopesticide Production by Fermentation: Potential and Challenges"
961:
109:
Regulatory positions can be influenced by public perceptions, thus:
962:
Plant
Incorporated Protectants (PIPs) / Genetically Modified Plants
639:
555:
487:
480:
474:
409:
339:
331:
218:
172:
168:
82:
78:
1358:
323:
190:
1251:
506:
such as garlic have now been registered in the EU and elsewhere.
193:). Their use is controversial, especially in European countries.
452:
270:
117:
74:
1300:
1051:
Benhamou, N.; Lafontaine, P. J.; Nicole, M. (December 2012).
338:. Bt toxin manufacturers claim it has little effect on other
222:
86:
448:
417:
196:
349:
Other microbial control agents include products based on:
298:
chitin synthesis inhibitors are the prime research areas.
163:
Bio-derived chemicals. Four groups are in commercial use:
515:
Microbial agents, effective control requires appropriate
1202:
1050:
730:
542:
A major growth area for biopesticides is in the area of
1294:
498:
and other secondary chemicals. Vegetable oils such as
1291:. Updated 29 March 2002. Retrieved 25 November 2011.
1191:
Field Manual of Techniques in Invertebrate Pathology
757:"Encouraging innovation in biopesticide development"
1295:
International Biocontrol Manufacturers' Association
677:
The Manual of Biocontrol Agents: A World Compendium
1243:
832:
334:) has been incorporated directly into plants via
269:could be hurt by unintended effects and that the
232:RNAi has been used to target weeds that tolerate
213:is under study for use in spray-on insecticides (
1646:
229:estimated costs to be on the order of $ 5/acre.
142:systems embraces this approach to pest control.
539:especially those in the reduced-risk category.
1145:"EU Pesticides database - European Commission"
502:have pesticidal properties. Products based on
1316:
1289:United States Environmental Protection Agency
314:is a bacterium capable of causing disease of
63:Several types of pest management intervention
1193:2nd edition. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, NL.
455:have been controlled with microbial agents.
73:They are obtained from organisms including
1323:
1309:
733:Microbial Biotechnology in Crop Protection
667:
1171:Publ. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 412 pp.
1003:
863:
826:
824:
405:is also used to control plant pathogens.
145:Biopesticides can be classified thusly:
864:Malherbe, Stephanus (21 January 2017).
673:
14:
1647:
830:
731:M. Kaushal and R. Prasad, ed. (2021).
1304:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
969:
932:10.1146/annurev.ento.51.110104.151146
910:
821:
1249:
790:
786:
784:
26:
1189:L Lacey & H Kaya (eds.) (2007)
205:
24:
1068:American Phytopathological Society
966:
599:
25:
1676:
1286:Registered Biopesticides 04/29/02
1273:
1229:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.11.038
834:"Fighting Microbes with Microbes"
781:
655:Use as a population control agent
1424:
1104:
1010:Critical Reviews in Microbiology
645:Pest resistance management plans
562:
292:
152:pesticides consist of bacteria,
31:
1196:
1183:
1174:
1161:
1137:
1112:
1044:
1004:Deshpande, M. V. (1999-01-01).
997:
954:
876:from the original on 2016-02-19
845:from the original on 2013-01-07
650:Plant defense against herbivory
510:
1330:
904:
888:
857:
749:
735:. Singapore: Springer Nature.
724:
694:
473:Fermentation products such as
183:) pests and microbial disease.
104:
13:
1:
950:– via Semantic Scholar.
661:
424:Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita
1486:Persistent organic pollutant
674:Copping, Leonard G. (2009).
7:
1629:Index of pesticide articles
1456:Agricultural spray adjuvant
920:Annual Review of Entomology
831:Coombs, Amy (1 June 2013).
615:Antagonism (phytopathology)
607:
346:than synthetic pesticides.
304:
10:
1681:
1624:Integrated Pest Management
1471:Integrated pest management
1250:Dent, Dr. Michael (2020).
810:(1): 62–67. Archived from
702:"Regulating Biopesticides"
635:Integrated Pest Management
395:(a hyperparasite of grape
158:Entomopathogenic nematodes
99:integrated pest management
1619:
1588:
1521:Paradox of the pesticides
1433:
1422:
1338:
1282:(Acquire Market Research)
1022:10.1080/10408419991299220
911:Isman, Murray B. (2006).
217:) by companies including
97:. They are components of
40:This article needs to be
1561:Pesticide Action Network
1481:Non-pesticide management
1167:Burges, H.D. (ed.) 1998
414:e.g. Steinernema feltiae
383:control agents: include
344:environmentally friendly
125:
1665:Biological pest control
1461:Biological pest control
625:Biological pest control
592:Melipona quadrifasciata
587:Unintended consequences
477:(a macrocyclic lactone)
287:citrus greening disease
245:Colorado potato beetles
132:protect them from pests
1574:The Pesticide Question
1280:Bioinsecticides Market
1120:"Canola Oil insectide"
581:evolutionary arms race
392:Ampelomyces quisqualis
354:entomopathogenic fungi
311:Bacillus thuringiensis
154:entomopathogenic fungi
1476:Maximum residue limit
1446:Environmental effects
1076:10.1094/Phyto-84-1432
532:maximum residue limit
1634:Pesticide categories
817:on 16 December 2013.
1221:2015Chmsp.124..103T
712:on 6 September 2012
412:attacking insects (
336:genetic engineering
240:-based herbicides.
795:Fusarium oxysporum
364:Isaria fumosorosea
360:Beauveria bassiana
134:; they are called
1642:
1641:
900:978-1-61209-223-2
804:Current Discovery
791:Pal GK, Kumar B.
742:978-981-16-0048-7
687:978-1-901396-17-1
430:entomopathogenic
402:Bacillus subtilis
326:. The toxin from
215:RNAi insecticides
61:
60:
16:(Redirected from
1672:
1428:
1325:
1318:
1311:
1302:
1301:
1268:
1267:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1200:
1194:
1187:
1181:
1178:
1172:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1124:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1057:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1001:
995:
994:
992:
991:
981:
964:
958:
952:
951:
917:
908:
902:
892:
886:
885:
883:
881:
861:
855:
854:
852:
850:
836:
828:
819:
818:
816:
801:
788:
779:
778:
776:
774:
768:
761:
753:
747:
746:
728:
722:
721:
719:
717:
698:
692:
691:
671:
328:B. thuringiensis
211:RNA interference
206:RNA interference
56:
53:
47:
35:
34:
27:
21:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1615:
1584:
1429:
1420:
1334:
1329:
1276:
1271:
1264:
1248:
1244:
1201:
1197:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1175:
1166:
1162:
1153:
1151:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1103:
1096:
1094:
1055:
1049:
1045:
1002:
998:
989:
987:
983:
982:
967:
959:
955:
915:
909:
905:
893:
889:
879:
877:
862:
858:
848:
846:
829:
822:
814:
799:
789:
782:
772:
770:
766:
759:
755:
754:
750:
743:
729:
725:
715:
713:
700:
699:
695:
688:
672:
668:
664:
659:
610:
602:
600:Market research
565:
548:soil amendments
544:seed treatments
513:
441:Cydia pomonella
307:
301:
295:
265:cautioned that
208:
140:Organic farming
128:
107:
64:
57:
51:
48:
45:
36:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1678:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1601:European Union
1598:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1580:Toxicity class
1577:
1570:
1563:
1558:
1556:Restricted use
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1466:Gene silencing
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1441:Health effects
1437:
1435:
1434:Related topics
1431:
1430:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1345:
1343:
1336:
1335:
1328:
1327:
1320:
1313:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1292:
1283:
1275:
1274:External links
1272:
1270:
1269:
1262:
1242:
1195:
1182:
1173:
1160:
1136:
1111:
1060:Phytopathology
1043:
1016:(3): 229–243.
996:
965:
953:
903:
887:
856:
820:
780:
769:on 15 May 2012
748:
741:
723:
693:
686:
665:
663:
660:
658:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
611:
609:
606:
601:
598:
597:
596:
584:
576:
573:
570:
564:
561:
512:
509:
508:
507:
504:plant extracts
484:
478:
471:
469:semiochemicals
457:
456:
446:
428:
406:
397:powdery mildew
378:
342:, and is more
306:
303:
294:
291:
207:
204:
201:
200:
194:
184:
177:essential oils
175:, and various
161:
127:
124:
123:
122:
114:
106:
103:
62:
59:
58:
52:September 2022
39:
37:
30:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1677:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1660:Biotechnology
1658:
1656:
1655:Biopesticides
1653:
1652:
1650:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1612:
1611:United States
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1567:Silent Spring
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1326:
1321:
1319:
1314:
1312:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1265:
1263:9781913899066
1259:
1255:
1254:
1246:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1199:
1192:
1186:
1177:
1170:
1164:
1150:
1146:
1140:
1125:. 18 Nov 2012
1121:
1115:
1107:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1000:
986:
980:
978:
976:
974:
972:
970:
963:
957:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
914:
907:
901:
897:
891:
875:
871:
867:
860:
844:
840:
839:The Scientist
835:
827:
825:
813:
809:
805:
798:
796:
787:
785:
765:
758:
752:
744:
738:
734:
727:
711:
707:
703:
697:
689:
683:
679:
678:
670:
666:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
630:Cembratrienol
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
612:
605:
594:
593:
588:
585:
582:
577:
574:
571:
567:
566:
563:Disadvantages
560:
557:
553:
549:
545:
540:
537:
533:
529:
524:
522:
518:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
482:
479:
476:
472:
470:
466:
462:
461:
460:
454:
450:
447:
444:
442:
437:
433:
429:
426:
425:
419:
415:
411:
407:
404:
403:
398:
394:
393:
388:
387:
382:
381:plant disease
379:
376:
375:
370:
369:
368:Lecanicillium
365:
361:
355:
352:
351:
350:
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
312:
302:
299:
293:Mycopesticide
290:
288:
284:
280:
274:
272:
268:
264:
260:
255:
253:
252:allergenicity
248:
246:
241:
239:
235:
230:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
203:
198:
195:
192:
189:
185:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
159:
155:
151:
148:
147:
146:
143:
141:
137:
133:
119:
115:
112:
111:
110:
102:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
71:
69:
55:
43:
38:
29:
28:
19:
18:Biopesticides
1572:
1565:
1551:Bee toxicity
1491:Pest control
1396:Molluscicide
1369:Biopesticide
1368:
1364:Bioherbicide
1288:
1256:. IDTechEx.
1252:
1245:
1212:
1208:
1198:
1190:
1185:
1176:
1168:
1163:
1152:. Retrieved
1149:ec.europa.eu
1148:
1139:
1127:. Retrieved
1114:
1095:. Retrieved
1063:
1059:
1046:
1013:
1009:
999:
988:. Retrieved
956:
923:
919:
906:
890:
878:. Retrieved
869:
859:
847:. Retrieved
838:
812:the original
807:
803:
794:
771:. Retrieved
764:the original
751:
732:
726:
714:. Retrieved
710:the original
705:
696:
676:
669:
620:Bioherbicide
603:
590:
541:
528:downy mildew
525:
514:
511:Applications
458:
443:granulovirus
440:
435:
421:
413:
400:
390:
384:
372:
357:
348:
327:
309:
308:
300:
296:
275:
259:liver enzyme
256:
249:
242:
231:
209:
202:
187:
144:
136:antifeedants
129:
108:
94:
72:
68:Biopesticide
67:
65:
49:
41:
1606:New Zealand
1511:Degradation
1506:Formulation
1496:Application
1411:Rodenticide
1391:Insecticide
1354:Bactericide
1215:: 103–109.
1209:Chemosphere
1129:19 November
1097:February 8,
1070:: 1432–44.
880:14 February
521:application
517:formulation
408:beneficial
386:Trichoderma
374:Metarhizium
316:Lepidoptera
267:pollinators
105:Definitions
1649:Categories
1589:By country
1546:Resurgence
1541:Resistance
1451:Fumigation
1401:Nematicide
1332:Pesticides
1154:2020-11-19
990:2015-08-31
872:. London.
706:Pesticides
662:References
595:in Brazil.
559:stresses.
552:Fungicidal
500:canola oil
492:terpenoids
467:and other
465:pheromones
320:Coleoptera
263:beekeepers
238:glyphosate
181:pheromones
81:and other
1526:Poisoning
1416:Slimicide
1406:Piscicide
1384:Defoliant
1379:Herbicide
1374:Fungicide
1349:Acaricide
1340:Pesticide
1092:796025684
1084:0031-949X
1030:1040-841X
926:: 45–66.
870:Explogrow
496:phenolics
488:alkaloids
410:nematodes
389:spp. and
340:organisms
165:pyrethrum
150:Microbial
91:nematodes
1531:Research
1237:25496737
1038:10524330
948:32196104
940:16332203
874:Archived
849:18 April
843:Archived
773:20 April
716:20 April
680:. BCPC.
640:LUBILOSA
608:See also
556:root rot
536:tank mix
481:Chitosan
475:Spinosad
332:Bt toxin
305:Examples
227:Monsanto
219:Syngenta
191:GM crops
173:neem oil
169:rotenone
83:microbes
79:bacteria
1536:Residue
1359:Biocide
1217:Bibcode
569:species
463:Insect
453:rodents
432:viruses
324:Diptera
283:Tekmira
279:Alnylam
271:genomes
234:Roundup
42:updated
1596:Canada
1516:Misuse
1297:(IBMA)
1260:
1235:
1090:
1082:
1066:(12).
1036:
1028:
946:
938:
898:
739:
684:
377:spp.),
121:PIPs".
118:US EPA
75:plants
1501:Drift
1342:types
1123:(PDF)
1056:(PDF)
944:S2CID
916:(PDF)
815:(PDF)
800:(PDF)
767:(PDF)
760:(PDF)
449:weeds
422:e.g.
418:slugs
416:) or
358:e.g.
223:Bayer
126:Types
87:fungi
1258:ISBN
1233:PMID
1131:2020
1099:2014
1088:OCLC
1080:ISSN
1034:PMID
1026:ISSN
936:PMID
896:ISBN
882:2021
851:2013
775:2012
737:ISBN
718:2012
682:ISBN
546:and
519:and
451:and
436:e.g.
371:and
322:and
281:and
221:and
197:RNAi
188:i.e.
116:the
1225:doi
1213:124
1072:doi
1018:doi
928:doi
399:);
95:etc
1651::
1231:.
1223:.
1211:.
1207:.
1147:.
1086:.
1078:.
1064:84
1062:.
1058:.
1032:.
1024:.
1014:25
1012:.
1008:.
968:^
942:.
934:.
924:51
922:.
918:.
868:.
841:.
837:.
823:^
806:.
802:.
783:^
704:.
550:.
523:.
494:,
490:,
445:).
438:.
366:,
362:,
318:,
171:,
167:,
93:,
89:,
85:,
77:,
66:A
1324:e
1317:t
1310:v
1266:.
1239:.
1227::
1219::
1157:.
1133:.
1101:.
1074::
1040:.
1020::
993:.
930::
884:.
853:.
808:2
797:"
777:.
745:.
720:.
690:.
583:.
434:(
427:)
420:(
356:(
330:(
54:)
50:(
44:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.