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After the Expo, the site continued to operate as Man and His World, an ongoing exhibition held every summer. Like most countries at the Expo, the United States donated its pavilion structure to the City of
Montreal for use in the exhibition. The pavilion was renamed to Biosphere and opened in 1968 as
402:
A complex system of shades was used to control its internal temperature. The sun-shading system was an attempt by the architect to reflect the same biological processes that the human body relies on to maintain its internal temperature. Fuller's original idea for the geodesic dome was to incorporate
250:
capsules. On the mezzanine level, the "American Spirit" exhibit displayed a wide variety of artifacts, including
American Indian crafts, folk art objects, guitars owned by famous musicians, a collection of dolls, and an array of almost 300 hats, representing a range of regions and occupations. Other
321:
After the fire, the city was determined to maintain the
Biosphere and continue using it as an open-air structure, possibly containing suspended gardens or a concert venue. Plans were announced in 1977 to transform it into a recreational area named Man at Play, but they did not come to fruition. By
233:
The Expo opened on 27 April 1967 and ran until 29 October 1967. Upon entering the pavilion, visitors ascended a 135-foot (41 m) escalator, reported to be the longest unsupported escalator in the world, to reach the exhibit platforms. The two uppermost platforms held "Destination: Moon", an
398:
was
Buckminster Fuller. The building originally formed an enclosed structure of steel and acrylic cells, 76 metres (249 ft) in diameter and 62 metres (203 ft) high. It is a double-layer dome in which the inner and outer layers are connected by a latticework of struts.
406:
Architects from Golden Metak
Productions designed the interior exhibition space. Visitors had access to four themed platforms divided into seven levels. The building included a 37-metre-long (121 ft) escalator, the longest ever built at the time. The
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On 20 May 1976, Biosphere was severely damaged in a fire. Sparked by a welding crew during structural renovations, the fire burned away the building's transparent acrylic bubble, but the hard steel
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The
Biosphere changed its name in 2007 to become an environment museum. It offers interactive activities and presents exhibitions about the major environmental issues related to water,
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attractions included a gallery of
Hollywood memorabilia and "American Painting Now", an exhibit of 22 large-scale works by contemporary American artists. A 300-seat theater screened
489:
TV episode "Jacob Two-Two and the
Notorious Knit Knapper", in which it is used as the headquarters for a group of seniors who plan on knitting a giant tea cosy to cover Montreal.
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291:. The pavilion reverted to its nature theme in 1972, with the addition of a troop of baboons, a Japanese garden, and a children's adventure area, Sleeping Beauty's Fantasy Land.
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The museum shows support for multiple causes by lighting up in different colors on special occasions. In April 2020, it lit up in multiple colors to show support during the
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403:"pores" into the enclosed system, further likening it to the sensitivity of human skin, but the shading system failed to work properly and was eventually disabled.
214:, which was responsible for the U.S. presence at the exposition, revealed its plans for the pavilion in June 1965. The geodesic dome exterior was designed by
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was named for
Biosphere's architect, R. Buckminster Fuller, because the molecule's structure, resembling a geodesic sphere, reminded its co-discoverer,
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513:(in the New Frontiers DLC) as a World Wonder, where it increases the appeal of marsh and rainforest tiles, and boosts renewable power and tourism.
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regions. The museum opened on 6 June 1995. It inhabits a set of enclosed buildings designed by Éric
Gauthier, inside the original steel skeleton.
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For the 1971 season, the United States returned to use Biosphere as its national pavilion, with a display titled "Visit USA", sponsored by the
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1980, the building's future was still unclear, as the city was cleaning it up in hopes of finding a partner to redevelop it.
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committed $ 17.5 million to turn Biosphere into an interactive museum showcasing and exploring the water ecosystems of the
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Rebecca Dalvesco (October 2017). "R. Buckminster Fuller, the Expo '67 Pavilion and the Atoms for Peace Program".
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In 1973, Biosphere was converted to an anti-pollution exhibit titled "Man and His Environment", sponsored by
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768:(Press release). Office of the United States Commissioner General, Canadian World Exhibition, Montreal, 1967
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expanded on Biosphere's three-quarter-sphere to create a full sphere appearing to be balanced on legs.
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1306:(Press release). Ministry of the Environment and the Fight Against Climate Change. 12 April 2021
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1304:"Governments of Canada and Quebec and City of Montréal commit to the Biosphere's future"
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670:. Holyoke, MA. New York Times News Service. 16 November 1966 – via Newspapers.com.
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picked the dome as one of "the 25 Most Significant Works of Postwar Architecture".
238:'s space programs; spacecraft were hung from the dome's steel frame, including the
33:
1414:
741:"55 Years Ago: Apollo AS-202, Final Test Flight Before Planned First Crew Mission"
703:"10 years after the first step into space, it's all on display by U.S. and Soviet"
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1988:
1973:
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and Geometrics Inc., while the interior structures and exhibits were designed by
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In 2021, control of the Biosphere was transferred from Environment Canada to
186:
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173:, Canada. It is housed in the former United States pavilion constructed for
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The museum is housed in the former pavilion built by the United States for
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Massey, Jonathan (2012). "Buckminster Fuller's Reflexive Modernism".
529:
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239:
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The structure was originally built as the United States pavilion at
2715:
2710:
2395:
1419:
846:"Designing Diplomacy: Jack Masey and Multiscreen Cinema at Expo 67"
664:""Building going up" is common cry now at Canada's Exposition 1967"
408:
256:
243:
166:
71:
1491:
Perfect Symmetry: The Accidental Discovery of Buckminsterfullerene
1253:"Biosphere will follow the rainbow and shine multi-colour display"
827:"U.S. pavilion: striking outside, but a 'sterile disaster' inside"
1616:
1552:"Steph and Kristen Win Season 4 of CTV's THE AMAZING RACE CANADA"
391:
207:
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Ultimately, the building remained closed and unused until 1990.
273:
247:
170:
75:
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Building and structure fires during construction or renovation
1527:"The Linz Family wins CBS' 'The Amazing Race: Family Edition'"
315:
235:
996:"M&HW's Biosphere to return to nature theme this year"
882:. Janesville, WI. 26 July 1967 – via Newspapers.com.
280:, featuring four suspended gardens and hundreds of birds.
814:. Holyoke, MA. Hall Syndicate – via Newspapers.com.
627:"Oh, wowee! C'est magnifique! It's turned on! It's Expo!"
371:. In June 2022, the museum lit up in green in support of
1447:"The 25 Most Significant Works of Postwar Architecture"
1234:"The Toopes are remembered as far away as Newfoundland"
492:
The Biosphere made an appearance during the finales of
2772:
The Last Dymaxion: Buckminster Fuller’s Dream Restored
1511:
Designing Disney: Imagineering and the Art of the Show
1353:"AD Classics: Montreal Biosphere / Buckminster Fuller"
719:
1002:. Montreal. 3 August 1972 – via Newspapers.com.
709:. Montreal. 28 April 1967 – via Newspapers.com.
382:, the City of Montreal's complex of nature museums.
1137:. Montreal. 28 May 1980 – via Newspapers.com.
460:The structure was used prominently in the original
1176:
786:
643:
1812:Sir George-Étienne Cartier National Historic Site
1014:"Children's adventure land featured at Biosphere"
2846:
2736:R. Buckminster Fuller and Anne Hewlett Dome Home
1472:
1147:
579:
266:
259:showing American schoolchildren playing various
1802:The Fur Trade at Lachine National Historic Site
1445:Soller, Kurt; Snyder, Michael (2 August 2021).
608:"Groundwork gets started on U.S. Expo pavilion"
1119:. 3 September 1977 – via Newspapers.com.
892:
614:. 20 December 1965 – via Newspapers.com.
2537:
1705:
1632:
1580:"Civilization VI – Byzantium & Gaul Pack"
1207:
1487:
1444:
1326:"Montréal Biosphère has officially reopened"
1231:
1101:. 28 August 1976 – via Newspapers.com.
1057:. 24 August 1973 – via Newspapers.com.
956:
932:
824:
805:
624:
557:
555:
411:monorail ran through the pavilion. In 2021,
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1020:. 3 August 1972 – via Newspapers.com.
975:
935:"Biosphere guaranteed to be "show-stopper""
926:
691:. 28 April 1967 – via Newspapers.com.
679:
677:
563:"U.S.'s Canada fair exhibit plans outlined"
483:The Biosphere appears in the 2003 animated
433:, of his visit to the pavilion at Expo 67.
2920:Rebuilt buildings and structures in Canada
2865:Buildings and structures completed in 1967
2544:
2530:
1712:
1698:
1639:
1625:
1507:
1494:. Oxford University Press. pp. 57–58.
1475:The Best Place To Be: Expo 67 and Its Time
1415:"USA PAVILION AT EXPO video newsreel film"
910:
908:
843:
569:. 27 June 1965 – via Newspapers.com.
45:
2870:Burned buildings and structures in Canada
1719:
1276:
1172:
1170:
1095:"No ruling on future of burned Biosphere"
552:
1503:
1501:
922:. 5 May 1968 – via Newspapers.com.
738:
720:Frances Spatz Leighton (23 April 1967).
674:
332:
300:
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1350:
905:
901:. Saskatoon – via Newspapers.com.
895:"Expo site future still anyone's guess"
436:The structure influenced the design of
226:. The construction project, led by the
14:
2847:
2551:
1378:
1279:"Montreal marks World Environment Day"
1240:. Montreal – via Newspapers.com.
1216:. Montreal – via Newspapers.com.
1177:Environment Canada (24 January 2006).
1167:
1067:
965:. Montreal – via Newspapers.com.
644:Douglas S. Crocket (30 October 1967).
305:The Biosphere in flames on 20 May 1976
29:Environment museum in Montreal, Quebec
2925:World's fair architecture in Montreal
2764:Buckminster Fuller: Thinking Out Loud
2525:
1835:Church of St. Michael and St. Anthony
1693:
1620:
1498:
1407:
1374:
1372:
1370:
685:"Escalator snarls U.S. pavilion tour"
646:"Montreal's mayor plans to keep Expo"
455:
2576:Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth
2386:Montreal International Jazz Festival
2361:Fantasia International Film Festival
1525:Sellers, Andrea (14 December 2005).
1250:
1131:"City to clean up charred Biosphere"
1033:"$ 700,000 ecology exhibit unveiled"
789:"U.S. Expo '67 exhibit draws laughs"
787:Douglas S. Crocket (24 April 1967).
394:. The architectural engineer of the
328:
2505:
2474:National Historic Sites in Montreal
1477:. Toronto: Allen Lane. p. 118.
1351:Langdon, David (25 November 2014).
1277:Carpenter, Lorraine (5 June 2022).
1070:"Photo du jour – Biosphere Burning"
24:
1840:Mary, Queen of the World Cathedral
1646:
1367:
1179:"A Short History of the Biosphère"
507:The Biosphere appears in the game
25:
2941:
2910:Natural history museums in Quebec
2721:Proposed Brooklyn Dodgers stadium
2323:Réseau de transport métropolitain
1598:
1113:"Expo dome to become Man at Play"
916:"Expo 67 now 'Man and His World'"
474:'s post-apocalyptic ice age film
2875:Event venues established in 1980
2504:
2493:
2492:
2318:Société de transport de Montréal
2174:Ruisseau-De Montigny Nature Park
2087:Bois-de-l'ĂŽle-Bizard Nature Park
1762:Canadian Centre for Architecture
1393:10.2752/175470812X13361292229159
1251:Rowe, Daniel J. (5 April 2020).
495:The Amazing Race: Family Edition
212:United States Information Agency
161:), is a museum dedicated to the
113:
108:
2169:Pointe-aux-Prairies Nature Park
2147:George-Étienne Cartier Monument
1572:
1544:
1518:
1481:
1466:
1438:
1318:
1296:
1270:
1244:
1225:
1201:
1141:
1123:
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1087:
1061:
1043:
1024:
1006:
988:
969:
950:
893:Dave MacDonald (21 July 1967).
886:
876:"U.S. movie is hit of Expo '67"
868:
837:
818:
799:
780:
755:
732:
2661:Expo 67 United States Pavilion
2412:Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery
2029:Palais des congrès de Montréal
1514:. Disney Editions. p. 54.
1068:Bolton, KC (31 January 2009).
978:"Where it's at in Scandinavia"
957:Hubert Bauch (14 April 1971).
825:Robert Mayer (28 April 1967).
713:
695:
656:
637:
625:John Mahoney (28 April 1967).
618:
600:
573:
177:located within the grounds of
13:
1:
2855:1990 establishments in Quebec
2097:Cap-Saint-Jacques Nature Park
1742:Centre d'histoire de Montréal
1208:Henry Lehmann (4 June 1995).
806:Sylvie Reice (12 June 1967).
545:
540:List of thin shell structures
267:Man and His World (1968–1976)
2758:Buckminster Fuller Challenge
2731:Old Man River's City project
2706:Cloud Nine tensegrity sphere
2391:Montreal World Film Festival
1984:McCall MacBain Arts Building
1777:Montreal Museum of Fine Arts
1232:Peggy Curran (7 June 1995).
1031:Brian Moore (20 June 1973).
976:Al Borcover (18 July 1971).
933:Cynthia Gunn (17 May 1968).
360:, air, ecotechnologies, and
309:
285:United States Travel Service
7:
2900:Museums established in 1990
2479:Historic places in Montreal
2381:Montreal Fireworks Festival
2328:Gare d'autocars de Montréal
2127:L'Anse-Ă -l'Orme Nature Park
2064:World Trade Centre Montreal
1797:Rio Tinto Alcan Planetarium
1752:Maison Saint-Gabriel Museum
1039:– via Newspapers.com.
984:– via Newspapers.com.
941:– via Newspapers.com.
833:– via Newspapers.com.
795:– via Newspapers.com.
739:John Uri (25 August 2021).
728:– via Newspapers.com.
652:– via Newspapers.com.
633:– via Newspapers.com.
516:
480:were shot on site as well.
466:television series episode "
385:
10:
2946:
2092:Bois-de-Liesse Nature Park
850:Journal of E-Media Studies
808:"Cheers for our pavilion!"
230:, began in December 1965.
224:Cambridge Seven Associates
201:
196:
31:
2831:45.5140917°N 73.5314944°W
2792:
2694:Design science revolution
2670:
2599:
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2487:
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2420:
2404:
2341:
2298:
2255:
2182:
2137:Montreal Botanical Garden
2072:
1926:
1863:
1850:Saint James United Church
1820:
1727:
1654:
1473:John Lownsbrough (2012).
1148:A View On Cities (2007).
501:The Amazing Race Canada 4
420:
255:, a multi-screen film by
125:
104:
94:
83:
65:
57:
53:
44:
2619:Dymaxion deployment unit
2232:Place Jean-Paul Riopelle
1969:Habitations Jeanne-Mance
1787:Pointe-à -Callière Museum
1782:Musée d'art contemporain
959:"Fun, folklore for fair"
880:Janesville Daily Gazette
228:George A. Fuller Company
32:Not to be confused with
2836:45.5140917; -73.5314944
2568:Nine Chains to the Moon
1830:Christ Church Cathedral
1807:Montreal Science Centre
1612:(in French and English)
726:The Des Moines Register
362:sustainable development
289:Smithsonian Institution
69:160 Tour-de-l'Isle road
2890:High-tech architecture
2366:Festival of New Cinema
1873:1000 de La Gauchetière
1855:Saint Joseph's Oratory
338:
306:
158:
2895:Landmarks in Montreal
2678:Allegra Fuller Snyder
2227:Place Jacques-Cartier
1721:Landmarks of Montreal
1488:J.E. Baggott (1994).
1150:"Biosphere, Montreal"
763:"The American Spirit"
373:World Environment Day
336:
304:
216:R. Buckminster Fuller
159:Biosphère de Montréal
105:Public transit access
2751:Buckminsterfullerene
2684:Current solar income
2510:WikiProject:Montreal
2290:Saint Helen's Island
2270:ĂŽle de la Visitation
2222:Place Émilie-Gamelin
1999:Montreal Clock Tower
1772:Montreal Insectarium
1154:Montréal Attractions
631:Rutland Daily Herald
535:Thin-shell structure
468:Greetings from Earth
463:Battlestar Galactica
427:buckminsterfullerene
425:The carbon molecule
351:Saint Lawrence River
318:structure remained.
183:Saint Helen's Island
149:, also known as the
2905:Museums in Montreal
2827: /
2591:Dymaxion Chronofile
2351:Canadian Grand Prix
1959:Grande Bibliothèque
1918:Maison Radio-Canada
1908:Complexe Desjardins
1883:1501 McGill College
1845:Notre-Dame Basilica
1560:. 14 September 2016
1508:John Hench (2003).
844:Brian Real (2022).
812:Transcript-Telegram
722:"7 men in a bubble"
668:Transcript-Telegram
567:Minneapolis Tribune
337:Biosphere at sunset
41:
2860:Buckminster Fuller
2775:(2012 documentary)
2767:(1996 documentary)
2553:Buckminster Fuller
2443:Montreal Pool Room
2275:Island of Montreal
2237:Saint-Louis Square
2009:Mount Royal Chalet
1994:Montreal City Hall
1878:1250 René-Lévesque
1757:Montreal Biosphère
1452:The New York Times
1381:Design and Culture
1210:"Biosphere's back"
1189:on 23 January 2007
456:In popular culture
448:. Disney designer
414:The New York Times
343:Environment Canada
339:
307:
191:Buckminster Fuller
151:Montreal Biosphere
39:
2915:Parc Jean-Drapeau
2810:
2809:
2519:
2518:
2498:Category:Montreal
2280:Notre Dame Island
2202:Dorchester Square
2112:Jeanne-Mance Park
2107:Parc Jean-Drapeau
2039:Place Bonaventure
2014:Mount Royal Cross
1979:Jean-Talon Market
1949:Bonsecours Market
1903:Sun Life Building
1893:Place Ville Marie
1888:Tour de la Bourse
1687:
1686:
1220:Part 2 of article
1099:The Montreal Star
1055:The Montreal Star
1037:The Montreal Star
1018:The Montreal Star
945:Part 2 of article
939:The Montreal Star
689:The Montreal Star
612:The Montreal Star
446:Walt Disney World
369:COVID-19 pandemic
329:Rebirth as museum
179:Parc Jean-Drapeau
143:
142:
16:(Redirected from
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2841:
2839:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2779:Karlis Johansons
2741:Ephemeralization
2546:
2539:
2532:
2523:
2522:
2508:
2507:
2496:
2495:
2453:St-Viateur Bagel
2371:Les FrancoFolies
2247:Place d'Youville
2132:Maisonneuve Park
2122:La Fontaine Park
2074:Nature and parks
2054:Underground City
1954:Château Dufresne
1927:Other structures
1913:Westmount Square
1714:
1707:
1700:
1691:
1690:
1674:Botanical Garden
1641:
1634:
1627:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1607:Official website
1592:
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1589:
1587:
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1567:
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1548:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1531:Reality TV World
1522:
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1515:
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1404:
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1337:
1332:. 15 August 2021
1322:
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1185:. Archived from
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1145:
1139:
1138:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1074:Spacing Montreal
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992:
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2192:Cabot Square
2159:Olympic Park
2019:Olympic Park
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1586:24 September
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1357:. Retrieved
1346:
1334:. Retrieved
1330:The Suburban
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1308:. Retrieved
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1286:. Retrieved
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1187:the original
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858:. Retrieved
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2356:Divers/Cité
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2142:Mount Royal
1939:Bell Centre
1865:Skyscrapers
1679:Insectarium
1669:Planetarium
1564:31 December
1536:31 December
1430:12 November
1359:5 September
1355:. ArchDaily
1238:The Gazette
1214:The Gazette
1135:The Gazette
1051:"What's On"
1000:The Gazette
963:The Gazette
707:The Gazette
347:Great Lakes
234:exhibit on
220:Shoji Sadao
163:environment
88:environment
58:Established
2849:Categories
2680:(daughter)
2643:World Game
2631:Tensegrity
2458:Wilensky's
2448:Schwartz's
2405:Cemeteries
2265:ĂŽle Bizard
2102:Jarry Park
2049:Technoparc
1964:Habitat 67
1944:Big Orange
1183:The Sphere
1079:31 January
588:(5): 486.
546:References
450:John Hench
137:/biosphere
2746:Fullerene
2726:Gold Dome
1898:Tour CIBC
1659:Biosphere
1458:13 August
1401:144621805
772:26 August
530:Biosphere
310:1976 fire
278:arboretum
240:Freedom 7
147:Biosphere
40:Biosphere
18:Biosphère
2797:Category
2716:Dymaxion
2711:Geoscope
2438:La Ronde
2396:Tam-Tams
2154:Old Port
1822:Churches
1557:Newswire
1420:Newsreel
1283:Cult MTL
1257:Montreal
594:26808487
582:Leonardo
517:See also
409:Minirail
386:Pavilion
287:and the
257:Art Kane
244:Gemini 7
167:Montreal
72:Montreal
66:Location
2880:Expo 67
2802:Commons
2671:Related
2467:Related
2257:Islands
2184:Squares
1747:Biodome
1729:Museums
1664:Biodome
860:30 July
747:30 July
477:Quintet
392:Expo 67
208:Expo 67
202:Expo 67
197:History
175:Expo 67
126:Website
79:H3C 4G8
2663:(1967)
2657:(1965)
2651:(1961)
2645:(1961)
2639:(1953)
2633:(1949)
2627:(1946)
2621:(1940)
2615:(1933)
2609:(1928)
2587:(1981)
2579:(1968)
2571:(1938)
2343:Events
1399:
1336:3 July
1310:3 July
1288:9 June
1262:9 June
1193:7 June
1159:7 June
743:. NASA
592:
421:Legacy
274:aviary
248:AS-202
210:. The
171:Quebec
155:French
90:museum
76:Quebec
2600:Other
2560:Books
1397:S2CID
766:(PDF)
590:JSTOR
316:truss
218:with
95:Owner
1588:2020
1566:2019
1538:2019
1460:2021
1432:2011
1361:2017
1338:2023
1312:2023
1290:2022
1264:2022
1195:2007
1161:2007
1081:2009
862:2023
774:2023
749:2023
498:and
276:and
236:NASA
145:The
84:Type
61:1967
1389:doi
856:(1)
444:in
440:at
272:an
181:on
165:in
135:/en
133:.ca
118:at
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