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388:, dystrophic and junctional, targeting partial-thickness skin wounds. Common side effects include wound complications, skin reactions, infections, itching, and allergic reactions. Filsuvez was approved in the European Union in June 2022 and in the United States in December 2023. It is considered a
113:
Removing birch bark from live trees is harmful to tree health and should be avoided. Instead, it can be removed fairly easily from the trunk or branches of dead wood, by cutting a slit lengthwise through the bark and pulling or prying it away from the wood. The best time for collection is spring or
33:
811:
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Fresh bark can be worked as is; bark that has dried up (before or after collection) should be softened by steaming, by soaking in warm water, or over a fire.
1039:
337:, were the primary writing supports before the widespread advent of paper in the second millennium CE. The oldest known Buddhist manuscripts (some of the
969:
586:"Experimental methods for the Palaeolithic dry distillation of birch bark: implications for the origin and development of Neandertal adhesive technology"
777:
747:
230:
countries (including
Siberia) birch bark was used to make storage boxes, paper, tinder, canoes, roof coverings, tents, and waterproof covering for
206:
Birch bark was a valuable construction material in any part of the world where birch trees were available. Containers such as wrappings, bags,
729:
Text was copied from this source which is copyright
European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.
450:
951:
117:
Removing the outer (light) layer of bark from the trunk of a living tree may not kill it, but probably weakens it and makes it more prone to
940:
770:"Chiesi Global Rare Diseases Receives FDA Approval for Filsuvez (birch triterpenes) topical gel for the Treatment of Epidermolysis Bullosa"
74:
The strong and water-resistant cardboard-like bark can be easily cut, bent, and sewn, which has made it a valuable building, crafting, and
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148:, and worked like cardboard. For sharp bending, the fold should be scored (scratched) first with a blunt
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Birch bark also contains substances of medicinal and chemical interest. Some of those products (such as
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To prevent it from rolling up during storage, the bark should be spread open and kept pressed flat.
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338:
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413: â Birch bark scrolls for ceremonial use by the Ojibwa (Anishinaabe) people of North America
990:âShort documentary featuring the building of an Anishinaabe-Ojibwe birchbark canoe in Wisconsin.
641:
Schmidt P, Blessing M, Rageot M, Iovita R, Pfleging J, Nickel KG, et al. (September 2019).
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properties that help preserve bark artifacts, as well as food preserved in bark containers.
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Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
609:
553:
Ancient
Buddhist scrolls from GandhÄra: the British Library KharoáčŁáčhÄ« fragments
455:. Smithsonian Center for Folklife Programs and Cultural Studies. Archived from
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Historical Atlas of Canada: Canada's
History Illustrated with Original Maps
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early summer, as the bark is of better quality and most easily removed.
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643:"Birch tar production does not prove Neanderthal behavioral complexity"
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times. Today, birch bark remains a popular type of wood for various
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250:. It is still being used. More than one variety of birch is used.
219:
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522:. British Library. Reference Division. London: British Library.
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adhesive through the process of dry or destructive distillation.
330:
Birch bark knife handles are popular tools to be made currently.
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Kozowyk PR, Soressi M, Pomstra D, Langejans GH (August 2017).
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In
Scandinavia and Finland, it was used as the substratum of
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Finnish fishing net weights made out of birch bark and stones
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1995:
1963:
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Bureau of
Catholic Indian Missions Digital Image Collection
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211:
126:
978:âWatch a documentary on how to build a Birch bark canoe
406:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
921:
Ojibwe Birch Bark Canoes: Anishinaabe
Wigwassi-Jiimaan
2148:
550:
482:. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre Ltd. p. 152.
903:Bark Canoes: The Art and Obsession of Tappan Adney
495:Deep Cave Rock Art in the Upper Mississippi Valley
497:. St. Paul: Prairie Smoke Press. pp. 54â55.
448:
431: â Traditional bast fiber footwear of Europe
2172:
700:
698:
696:
109:Birchbark box with lid and bottom of birch wood
1047:
912:The Travel Journals of Tappan Adney, 1887-1890
281:(including the oldest maps of North America),
1033:
988:Wiigwaasi-Jiimaan: These Canoes Carry Culture
984:at Marquette University; keyword: birch bark.
891:
693:
894:Bark Canoes and Skin Boats of North America
125:, kills the tree by preventing the flow of
1040:
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676:
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617:
551:Salomon R, Barnard M, Allchin FR (1999).
492:
121:. Removal of the inner (dark) layer, the
100:
900:
871:
452:Earl's Canoe: A Traditional Ojibwe Craft
392:by the US Food and Drug Administration.
218:were made by most societies well before
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31:
404: â Indigenous Great Lakes art form
348:Neanderthals used birch bark to make a
63:of several Eurasian and North American
14:
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887:. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
882:
1021:
918:
909:
780:from the original on 22 December 2023
517:
477:
356:Birch bark also makes an outstanding
2131:
1013:. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
1001:. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
851:from the original on 10 January 2024
814:from the original on 21 January 2023
744:Union Register of medicinal products
449:Vennum T, Weber C, Nyholm E (1999).
384:. It is used to treat two types of
776:(Press release). 19 December 2023.
144:Birch bark can be cut with a sharp
24:
867:
222:was invented. Other uses include:
25:
2212:
929:
750:from the original on 4 March 2023
333:In India, birch-bark, along with
2158:
2130:
2121:
2120:
719:from the original on 6 July 2022
419: â Box made from birch bark
834:New Drug Therapy Approvals 2023
826:
800:"Novel Drug Approvals for 2023"
792:
762:
555:. London: The British Library.
380:with birch bark extract as its
363:
1007:"Birch, Betula pubescens, ext"
885:The Survival of the Bark Canoe
740:"Filsuvez Product information"
732:
634:
577:
544:
511:
486:
471:
442:
13:
1:
892:Adney ET, Chapelle H (2014).
435:
345:, were written on birch bark.
995:"Birch, Betula pendula, ext"
876:Winter bark etching on canoe
843:Food and Drug Administration
806:Food and Drug Administration
520:The art of the book in India
7:
2191:Native American ethnobotany
896:. Skyhorse Publishing, Inc.
774:Chiesi Global Rare Diseases
425: â Japanese wood craft
395:
10:
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2186:Non-timber forest products
1049:Non-timber forest products
610:10.1038/s41598-017-08106-7
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914:. Estate of Tappan Adney.
711:European Medicines Agency
390:first-in-class medication
191:North American birchbark
964:page on the site of the
847:(Report). January 2024.
339:Gandharan Buddhist Texts
1011:Drug Information Portal
999:Drug Information Portal
956:University of Minnesota
668:10.1073/pnas.1911137116
323:have survived from the
158:
2063:(Iberian agroforestry)
1301:Pacific mountain onion
910:Behne CT, ed. (2010).
877:
321:birch bark manuscripts
203:
202:Birchbark knife handle
195:
184:
176:
110:
101:Collection and storage
49:
41:
2083:Indian forest produce
1554:Hydnocarpus wightiana
923:. Beaver Bark Canoes.
875:
493:Boszhardt RF (2003).
386:epidermolysis bullosa
201:
190:
182:
166:
108:
47:
40:from the 14th century
35:
1326:Bare-toothed russula
948:Birch and Birch Bark
905:. Firefly Books Ltd.
810:. 19 December 2023.
261:used birch bark for
246:, Assyrian bow, the
1937:musical instruments
1195:Woodland strawberry
901:Jennings J (2004).
659:2019PNAS..11617707S
653:(36): 17707â17711.
602:2017NatSR...7.8033K
291:musical instruments
238:, the Chinese bow,
67:trees of the genus
976:CĂ©sar's Bark Canoe
936:Birchbark articles
878:
590:Scientific Reports
378:topical medication
248:Perso-Parthian bow
204:
196:
185:
177:
111:
50:
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2196:Combination drugs
2146:
2145:
919:Goode FW (2012).
883:McPhee J (1975).
715:. 13 April 2022.
518:Losty JP (1982).
459:on 4 January 2013
382:active ingredient
372:Birch triterpenes
335:dried palm leaves
275:birch bark biting
259:native population
38:birch bark letter
16:(Redirected from
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2098:Resin extraction
2088:Mushroom hunting
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1382:Parasol mushroom
1222:Fiddlehead ferns
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950:, an article by
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402:Mazinibaganjigan
319:In Russia, many
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173:Whitefish Island
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255:North America
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167:A birch bark
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2201:Orphan drugs
2135:
2108:Wildcrafting
2093:Naval stores
2071: /
2059:
2028:Tendu leaves
1984:Natural dyes
1948:
1854:Gutta-percha
1806: /
1744:Frankincense
1704:
1660:
1617:Mango butter
1562:Cocoa butter
1553:
1550:Chaulmoogra
1520:Allanblackia
1451:Black pepper
1336:Birch bolete
1286:Canada onion
1271:Wild ginseng
1266:Saw palmetto
1207: /
1097: /
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970:PikwĂ ganagĂ n
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457:the original
451:
444:
411:Wiigwaasabak
375:
367:
364:Medical uses
355:
244:Turkish bows
205:
154:
143:
135:
116:
112:
93:) also have
88:
80:pre-historic
73:
68:
56:
52:
51:
29:
2043:Willow bark
1874:Maple syrup
1869:Maple sugar
1844:Fruit syrup
1827:chewing gum
1817:Birch syrup
1674:Shea butter
1346:Chanterelle
1291:Crow garlic
1281:Bear garlic
1276:Wild onions
1254:filé powder
1175:Lingonberry
1160:Huckleberry
952:John Zasada
818:22 December
784:22 December
596:(1): 8033.
343:Afghanistan
325:Middle Ages
310:Egtved Girl
297:, and more.
226:In various
84:handicrafts
2175:Categories
1954:Birch beer
1949:Birch bark
1906:Spruce gum
1889:akpeteshie
1879:Palm sugar
1849:Gum arabic
1839:Date sugar
1789:Turpentine
1669:Sandalwood
1572:Eucalyptus
1567:Eucalyptol
1456:Brazil nut
1331:Bay bolete
1185:Strawberry
1140:Cocoa bean
1135:Breadfruit
1125:Blackberry
1099:tree fruit
966:Algonquins
941:NativeTech
562:0712346112
529:0904654788
463:3 December
436:References
314:bast shoes
240:Korean bow
236:Mongol bow
119:infections
95:fungicidal
86:and arts.
53:Birch bark
36:A Russian
2073:gardening
2033:Thatching
1884:Palm wine
1729:Birch tar
1657:Sal-seed
1582:Japan wax
1535:Candlenut
1476:Malva nut
1441:Areca nut
1362:Matsutake
1318:Mushrooms
1259:root beer
1249:Sassafras
1237:Sago palm
1180:Raspberry
1165:Jackfruit
1130:Blueberry
1082:Wild game
938:from the
855:9 January
571:263439456
423:Magewappa
302:sod roofs
175:in Canada
169:longhouse
57:birchbark
27:Tree bark
18:Birchbark
2165:Medicine
2126:Category
1942:textiles
1774:Pine tar
1739:Creosote
1689:Tea-tree
1684:Tea-seed
1652:Pongamia
1642:Phulwara
1627:Nagkesar
1622:Murumuru
1597:Kpangnan
1545:Carnauba
1486:Pine nut
1471:Hazelnut
1461:Cinnamon
1446:Bay leaf
1436:Allspice
1358:(reishi)
1190:Tamarind
1155:Gambooge
1115:Bilberry
849:Archived
812:Archived
778:Archived
748:Archived
717:Archived
687:31427508
628:28860591
396:See also
341:), from
295:clothing
78:, since
2137:Commons
2052:Related
2016:Tanbark
2011:Shellac
2001:Quinine
1974:Gambier
1894:ogogoro
1794:Varnish
1759:Lacquer
1749:Gamboge
1734:Camphor
1724:Benzoin
1634: (
1540:Capuacu
1525:Babassu
1491:Vanilla
1402:Truffle
1387:Red cap
1356:Lingzhi
1145:Coconut
1120:Binukaw
1095:Berries
754:3 March
678:6731756
655:Bibcode
619:5579016
598:Bibcode
538:8653520
283:torches
271:scrolls
267:wigwams
220:pottery
216:quivers
208:baskets
140:Working
129:to the
91:betulin
59:is the
2151:Portal
2060:Dehesa
2021:tannin
2006:Rattan
1969:Forage
1932:edible
1927:Bamboo
1922:Amadou
1901:Rubber
1822:Chicle
1764:Mastic
1716:Resins
1699:Ucuuba
1694:Tucuma
1679:Tamanu
1636:kernel
1607:Mafura
1577:Illipe
1530:Bacuri
1481:Nutmeg
1425:spices
1150:Durian
1110:Banana
723:6 July
685:
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626:
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559:
536:
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358:tinder
263:canoes
257:, the
150:stylus
123:phloem
69:Betula
1989:henna
1964:Ferns
1915:Other
1864:Latex
1784:Rosin
1779:Pitch
1769:Myrrh
1754:Kauri
1612:Mahua
1602:Kusum
1592:Kombo
1587:Kokum
1509:waxes
1466:Clove
1372:Morel
1306:Ramps
1242:queen
1217:Betel
1209:roots
1070:Honey
958:site.
954:at a
944:site.
845:(FDA)
841:U.S.
837:(PDF)
808:(FDA)
804:U.S.
713:(EMA)
429:Lapti
228:Asian
214:, or
212:boxes
193:canoe
146:knife
131:roots
65:birch
1996:Peat
1979:Moss
1959:Cork
1859:Kino
1647:Pilu
1632:Palm
1420:Nuts
1075:pine
1065:Furs
857:2024
820:2023
786:2023
756:2023
725:2022
683:PMID
624:PMID
567:OCLC
557:ISBN
534:OCLC
524:ISBN
499:ISBN
465:2012
304:and
287:fans
279:maps
159:Uses
61:bark
1808:gum
1804:Sap
1504:Oil
1341:Cep
968:of
673:PMC
663:doi
651:116
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350:tar
277:),
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