1993:
1774:
2059:
49:
1964:
join other fruit-eating species at a fruiting tree, they will not associate with them otherwise and will not stay with other species for long. Fruit is eaten while perched and not in the air, and birds-of-paradise are able to use their feet as tools to manipulate and hold their food, allowing them to extract certain capsular fruit. There is some niche differentiation in fruit choice by species and any one species will only consume a limited number of fruit types compared to the large choice available. For example, the
100:
1930:
4247:
1829:. The female plumage of the dimorphic species is typically drab to blend in with their habitat, unlike the bright attractive colours found on the males. Younger males of these species have female-like plumage, and sexual maturity takes a long time, with the full adult plumage not being obtained for up to seven years. This affords the younger males protection from predators of more subdued colours and also reduces hostility from adult males.
4257:
2106:. This species was described from specimens brought back to Europe from trading expeditions in the early sixteenth century. These specimens had been prepared by native traders by removing their wings and feet so that they could be used as decorations. This was not known to the explorers, and in the absence of information, many beliefs arose about them. They were briefly thought to be the mythical
2291:
1801:, with its long tail, is the longest species at 110 cm (43 in). In most species, the tails of the males are larger and longer than those of the females, the differences ranging from slight to extreme. The wings are rounded and in some species structurally modified on the males in order to make sound. There is considerable variation in the family with regard to
1761:
early 20th centuries are now generally considered to be hybrids, though some are still subject to dispute; their status is not likely to be settled definitely without genetic examination of museum specimens, which will come soon in summer 2021 in North
America, South America, Africa, Europe, Asia, and Australia, and some birds in an aviary in
2190:
Hunting of birds of paradise has occurred for a long time, possibly since the beginning of human settlement. It is a peculiarity that among the most frequently-hunted species, males start mating opportunistically even before they grow their ornamental plumage. This may be an adaptation to maintaining
1947:
The diet of the birds-of-paradise is dominated by fruit and arthropods, although small amounts of nectar and small vertebrates may also be taken. The ratio of the two food types varies by species, with fruit predominating in some species, and arthropods dominating the diet in others. The ratio of the
1760:
realised that hybridisation among birds-of-paradise might be an explanation as to why so many of the described species were so rare, he examined many controversial specimens and, during the 1920s and 1930s, published several papers on his hypothesis. Many of the species described in the late 19th and
1963:
Even the birds-of-paradise that are primarily insect eaters will still take large amounts of fruit. The family is overall an important seed disperser for the forests of New Guinea, as they do not digest the seeds. Species that feed on fruit will range widely searching for fruit, and while they may
2020:
species, have highly ritualised mating dances. Across the family (Paradisaeidae), female preference is incredibly important in shaping the courtship behaviors of males and, in fact, drives the evolution of ornamental combinations of sound, color, and behavior. Males are
395:) were treated as a subfamily of the birds-of-paradise, Cnemophilinae. In spite of differences in the mouth, foot morphology, and nesting habits they remained in the family until a 2000 study moved them to a separate family closer to the berrypeckers and longbills (
2049:
varies among the species and is not known for every species. For larger species, it is almost always just one egg, but smaller species may produce clutches of 2–3 eggs. Eggs hatch after 16–22 days, and the young leave the nest at between 16 and 30 days of age.
2037:
is frequent in these birds, suggesting the polygamous species of bird of paradise are very closely related despite being in different genera. Many hybrids have been described as new species in the past, and doubt remains regarding whether some forms, such as
2210:
for the millinery trade was extensive in the late 19th and early 20th century, but today the birds have legal protection except for hunting at a sustainable level to fulfill the ceremonial needs of the local tribal population. In the case of
3258:
2126:
wrote that "The people told us that those birds came from the terrestrial paradise, and they call them bolon diuata, that is to say, 'birds of God'." This is the origin of both the name "bird of paradise" and the specific name
2110:. The often footless and wingless condition of the skins led to the belief that the birds never landed but were kept permanently aloft by their plumes. The first Europeans to encounter their skins were the voyagers in
1881:. The remaining species are restricted to New Guinea and some of the surrounding islands. Many species have very small ranges, particularly those with restricted habitat types such as mid-montane forest (like the
319:
of all species to examine the relationships within the family and to its nearest relatives estimated that the family emerged 24 million years ago, earlier than previous estimates. The study identified five
2204:(published in 1869). His expedition team shot, collected, and described many specimens of animals and birds, including the great, king, twelve-wired, superb, red, and six-shafted birds of paradise.
1916:, which inhabits both forest and open savanna woodland. Mid-montane habitats are the most commonly occupied habitat, with thirty of the forty species occurring in the 1000–2000 m altitudinal band.
1809:. As with body size, bill size varies between the sexes, although species where the females have larger bills than the males are more common, particularly in the insect-eating species.
407:
family. In addition to these three species, a number of systematically enigmatic species and genera have been considered potential members of this family. The two species in the genus
1753:
Hybrid birds-of-paradise may occur when individuals of different species, that look similar and have overlapping ranges, confuse each other for their own species and crossbreed.
2900:
Irestedt, M.; Batalha-Filho, H.; Ericson, P.G.P.; Christidis, L.; Schodde, R. (2017). "Phylogeny, biogeography and taxonomic consequences in a bird-of-paradise species complex,
419:
has been linked with the birds-of-paradise many times since its discovery, but never formally assigned to the family. Recent molecular evidence now places the species with the
2143:
In recent years the availability of pictures and videos about birds of paradise on the internet has raised the interest of birdwatchers around the world. Many of them fly to
411:, also from New Guinea, have been linked with the birds-of-paradise, but their relationships remain uncertain, more recently being linked with the Australian mudnesters. The
2430:
Ligon, Russell A.; Diaz, Christopher D.; Morano, Janelle L.; Troscianko, Jolyon; Stevens, Martin; Moskeland, Annalyse; Laman, Timothy G.; Iii, Edwin
Scholes (2018-11-20).
2045:
Birds-of-paradise build their nests from soft materials, such as leaves, ferns, and vine tendrils, typically placed in a tree fork. The typical number of eggs in each
3051:
Ligon, Russell A.; Diaz, Christopher D.; Morano, Janelle L.; Troscianko, Jolyon; Stevens, Martin; Moskeland, Annalyse; Laman, Timothy G.; Scholes III, Edwin (2019).
241:. The males of these species tend to have very long, elaborate feathers extending from the beak, wings, tail, or head. For the most part, they are confined to dense
3461:
Cribb, Robert (1997). "Birds of paradise and environmental politics in colonial
Indonesia, 1890–1931". In Boomgaard, Peter; Columbijn, Freek; Henley, David (eds.).
2347:
3491:
2791:
2702:
Firth, Clifford B.; Firth, Dawn W. (2009). "Family
Paradisaeidae (Birds-of-paradise)". In del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Christie, David (eds.).
4415:
1871:, one occurs in both Australia and New Guinea, and one is only found in New Guinea. The only other genus to have a species outside New Guinea is
300:, the two are now thought to be only distantly related. The closest evolutionary relatives of the birds-of-paradise are the crow and jay family
4510:
4441:
4194:
2176:
2039:
1815:
variation between the sexes is closely related to the breeding system. The manucodes and paradise-crow, which are socially monogamous, are
3589:
4139:
2628:. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. Vol. 222. New York: American Museum of Natural History. pp. 158, 264.
3411:"Reproduction by Captive Unplumed Male Lesser Bird of Paradise Paradisaea minor : Evidence for an Alternative Mating Strategy?"
1992:
1900:, nearly all of them solitary tree dwellers. Several species have been recorded in coastal mangroves. The southernmost species, the
4389:
3532:
3107:"Discovery of a rare hybrid specimen known as Maria's bird of paradise at the Staatliches Naturhistorisches Museum in Braunschweig"
4428:
2855:
2135:
used the term Mamuco Diata, a variant of
Manucodiata, which was used as a synonym for birds-of-paradise up to the 19th century.
2494:"On the characters and natural affinities of several new birds from Australasia; including some observations on the Columbidae"
2936:
4159:
3504:
2711:
4433:
2860:(Aves: Passeriformes) – An example of avian dispersal between New Guinea and Fiji over Miocene intermittent land bridges?"
3538:
1956:
may feed lower down in the middle storey. Frugivores are more social than the insectivores, which are more solitary and
4169:
3470:
3327:
3207:
2182:
This activity significantly reduces the number of local villagers who are involved in the hunting of paradise birds.
31:
17:
4219:
4214:
4189:
4129:
4094:
1748:
4446:
4209:
3839:
3582:
2325:
1315:
337:
3093:
4260:
4154:
4119:
3409:
Laska, Mark S.; Hutchins, Michael; Sheppard, Christine; Worth, Wendy; Hundgen, Kurt; Bruning, Don (Jun 1992).
1825:, which are polygamous. All these species have generally black plumage with varying amounts of green and blue
4204:
4020:
1621:
1597:
2191:
population levels in the face of hunting pressures, which have probably been present for hundreds of years.
4164:
4144:
4055:
3979:
3974:
1886:
1676:
1571:
1562:
1532:
1523:
2022:
258:
99:
4337:
4179:
4124:
2070:
2261:
The
Indonesian Army has a Military Area Command named after "Cenderawasih", the local name for the bird.
1805:
shape. Bills may be long and decurved, as in the sicklebills and riflebirds, or small and slim like the
4224:
4199:
4184:
3575:
3245:
2396:
3053:"Evolution of correlated complexity in the radically different courtship signals of birds-of-paradise"
2432:"Evolution of correlated complexity in the radically different courtship signals of birds-of-paradise"
4456:
4134:
4050:
3701:
2132:
1981:
1969:
1667:
1089:
400:
56:
2363:
The authority for the family
Paradisaeidae has traditionally been attributed to the Irish zoologist
4065:
4045:
3864:
3736:
2254:
2238:
2099:
2063:
1694:
1658:
1350:
1157:
3550:
4315:
4040:
3949:
3904:
3771:
3731:
3691:
3666:
3319:
2647:
2364:
1913:
1649:
1479:
1416:
1210:
1148:
1062:
1027:
332:, and all the other birds-of-paradise, to be 10 million years ago. The second clade includes the
4482:
431:
A genus level phylogeny of the family has been determined by Martin
Irestedt and collaborators.
4505:
4277:
4250:
3954:
3766:
1940:
1488:
1201:
379:
The exact limits of the family have been the subject of revision as well. The three species of
324:
within the family, and placed the split between the first clade, which contains the monogamous
4477:
4469:
4420:
4174:
4070:
3984:
3889:
3706:
3526:
3050:
2489:
2200:
2195:
1794:
1790:
1773:
1720:
1514:
1389:
1098:
289:
176:
3567:
4363:
4324:
4149:
4114:
4109:
4060:
1685:
309:
2854:
Irested, Martin; Fuchs, J; Jønsson, KA; Ohlson, JI; Pasquet, E; Ericson, Per G.P. (2009).
8:
3821:
3801:
3410:
2587:
Linnaeus, 1758 and
Paradisaeidae Swainson, 1825 (Aves): proposed conservation of usage".
2522:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. pp.
2107:
2078:
2030:
1291:
1254:
250:
69:
2969:
Heads, M (2001). "Birds of paradise, biogeography and ecology in New Guinea: a review".
3899:
3894:
3811:
3344:"Rare Footage of New Bird of Paradise Species Shows Odd Courtship Dance | Nat Geo Wild"
3296:
3177:
3079:
3052:
3033:
2986:
2813:
2782:
2758:
2731:
2667:
2604:
2562:
2466:
2431:
2275:
2249:
2144:
2111:
2026:
1973:
1957:
1901:
1845:; all but two genera are found in New Guinea. Those other two are the monotypic genera
1407:
1398:
1272:
305:
254:
238:
94:
4329:
2652:"Observations on the natural affinities that connect the orders and families of birds"
4464:
4350:
4342:
3859:
3761:
3671:
3500:
3466:
3430:
3391:
3323:
3300:
3203:
3169:
3128:
3084:
3025:
2982:
2882:
2818:
2763:
2707:
2471:
2453:
2305:
2123:
2058:
1977:
1341:
1192:
1036:
316:
3037:
2990:
2608:
2566:
2493:
292:. For many years the birds-of-paradise were treated as being closely related to the
3929:
3924:
3869:
3711:
3602:
3542:
3422:
3381:
3288:
3236:
3159:
3118:
3074:
3064:
3017:
2978:
2940:
2917:
2874:
2835:
Sibley, . & Ahlquist, J. (1987). "The Lesser
Melampitta is a Bird of Paradise"
2808:
2800:
2753:
2743:
2663:
2629:
2596:
2554:
2540:
2461:
2443:
2400:
2368:
2300:
2115:
2073:, and the plumes were popular in Europe in past centuries as adornment for ladies'
2034:
2000:
Most species have elaborate mating rituals, with at least eight species exhibiting
1965:
1882:
1798:
1778:
1762:
1757:
1453:
1444:
1359:
1122:
396:
222:
203:
48:
2651:
2527:
2523:
4355:
3816:
3796:
3069:
2704:
Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 14, Bush-shrikes to Old World Sparrows
2623:
2448:
2330:
1281:
1245:
1071:
3556:
3549:
3006:"Display dispersion and diet of birds of paradise: a comparison of nine species"
2921:
2878:
2730:
Irestedt, M.; Jønsson, K.A.; Fjeldså, J.; Christidis, L.; Ericson, P.G. (2009).
3806:
3756:
1858:
1263:
1183:
245:
habitats. The diet of all species is dominated by fruit and to a lesser extent
3386:
3369:
3343:
2147:
to watch various species of birds of paradise from Wilson's Bird of Paradise (
4499:
4300:
3776:
3696:
3434:
3395:
3173:
3132:
3029:
2837:
2783:"What is not a bird of paradise? Molecular and morphological evidence places
2515:
2457:
2335:
2271:
2207:
2082:
2046:
1847:
1816:
1219:
1080:
391:
329:
210:
2787:
in the Meliphagidae and the Cnemophilinae near the base of the corvoid tree"
2748:
2404:
1948:
two will affect other aspects of the behaviour of the species; for example,
4002:
3088:
2886:
2822:
2804:
2767:
2475:
2295:
2242:
2213:
2095:
2081:
have reduced some species to endangered status; habitat destruction due to
1935:
1853:
1838:
915:
550:
269:
2600:
2558:
2545:
Linnaeus, 1758 and PARADISAEIDAE Swainson, 1825 (Aves): names conserved".
4402:
4309:
3940:
3722:
3123:
3106:
1953:
1949:
1929:
1897:
1873:
1826:
1821:
1551:
1470:
1139:
881:
795:
634:
482:
385:
360:, although some of these are questionable. The fourth clade includes the
296:. Today while both are treated as being part of the Australasian lineage
249:. The birds-of-paradise have a variety of breeding systems, ranging from
30:
This article is about the bird family Paradisaeidae. For other uses, see
3520:
3463:
Paper landscapes: explorations in the environmental history of Indonesia
3005:
4031:
3965:
3240:
3181:
3021:
2732:"An unexpectedly long history of sexual selection in birds-of-paradise"
2152:
2090:
2010:
2001:
1912:
are the most plastic in their habitat requirements; in particular, the
1893:
1878:
1842:
1638:
933:
863:
668:
616:
404:
285:
280:
The family Paradisaeidae was introduced (as Paradiseidae) in 1825 with
265:
246:
242:
4092:
3426:
2899:
2274:, before the establishment of a republic. Now, the crown is housed in
1892:
The majority of birds-of-paradise live in tropical forests, including
4407:
4376:
3915:
3850:
2218:
1905:
1868:
1435:
1332:
1053:
1018:
770:
693:
500:
457:
380:
293:
226:
218:
161:
151:
111:
4394:
4271:
3164:
3147:
2633:
4381:
4294:
3880:
3747:
3682:
3292:
3279:
Harrison, Thomas P. (1960). "Bird of Paradise: Phoenix Redivivus".
2266:
2069:
Societies of New Guinea often use bird-of-paradise plumes in their
1909:
1863:
1806:
1786:
1378:
1174:
813:
711:
412:
340:. The third clade provisionally contains several genera, including
325:
301:
131:
1996:
A male Victoria's riflebird displays and is inspected by a female.
1908:, lives in sub-tropical and temperate wet forests. As a group the
3787:
3645:
3620:
3493:
Birds of Paradise, Revealing the World's Most Extraordinary Birds
2016:
1812:
1797:
at 44 cm (17 in) and 430 g (15 oz). The male
1236:
568:
420:
333:
297:
234:
214:
3370:"Flights of fancy: The bird of paradise and its cultural impact"
3259:"Flights of fancy: The bird of paradise and its cultural impact"
2729:
1793:
at 50 g (1.8 oz) and 15 cm (5.9 in) to the
1877:, one representative of which is found in the extreme north of
230:
121:
3555:
4368:
3633:
3616:
3597:
2541:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (2012). "
2119:
321:
84:
78:
1861:, to the west of New Guinea. Of the riflebirds in the genus
233:. The members of this family are perhaps best known for the
2237:
An adult-plumaged male bird-of-paradise is depicted on the
2231:
1802:
416:
141:
3465:. Leiden, The Netherlands: KITLV Press. pp. 379–408.
3408:
2405:"Crows, mudnesters, melampittas, Ifrit, birds-of-paradise"
2853:
2429:
2074:
3489:
3223:
Mackay, Margaret D. (1990). "The Egg of Wahnes' Parotia
237:
of the males of the species, the majority of which are
2583:
Schodde, R.; LeCroy, M.; Bock, W.J. (2010). "Case 3500
2198:
spent six years in the region, which he chronicled in
2625:
History and Nomenclature of Avian Family-Group Names
2395:
1867:, two are endemic to the coastal forests of eastern
3003:
2348:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
2248:The various members of the family were profiled by
1952:species tend to feed in the forest canopy, whereas
3198:Frith, Clifford B. (1991). Forshaw, Joseph (ed.).
3197:
3004:Beehler, Bruce; Pruett-Jones, Stephen G. (1983).
2780:
2582:
2151:) and Red Bird of Paradise (Paradisaea rubra) in
4497:
2264:The plume from the bird of paradise was used in
403:was actually a member of the large Australasian
368:and the astrapias. The final clade includes the
2928:
2706:. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp. 404–459.
3583:
3202:. London: Merehurst Press. pp. 228–231.
2656:Transactions of the Linnean Society of London
2033:in at least some of the monomorphic species.
1785:Birds-of-paradise are closely related to the
1537:Cicinnurus respublica/Diphyllodes respublica
1528:Cicinurrus magnificus/Diphyllodes magnificus
3145:
2725:
2723:
2053:
1832:
1789:. Birds-of-paradise range in size from the
3590:
3576:
3146:Smith, Kimberly G.; Fuller, Errol (1997).
2856:"The systematic affinity of the enigmatic
2701:
47:
27:Family of birds of the order Passeriformes
4195:Rothschild's lobe-billed bird-of-paradise
3523:website by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology
3385:
3163:
3122:
3078:
3068:
2910:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
2812:
2757:
2747:
2578:
2576:
2465:
2447:
2040:Rothschild's lobe-billed bird-of-paradise
1939:are an important part of the diet of the
3278:
2964:
2962:
2774:
2720:
2514:
2488:
2131:– without feet. An alternate account by
2088:Best known are the members of the genus
2057:
1991:
1928:
1919:
1772:
4140:Duivenbode's six-wired bird-of-paradise
3313:
3044:
2697:
14:
4498:
3615:
3367:
3256:
3222:
3193:
3191:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2646:
2573:
2230:The southern hemisphere constellation
4511:Taxa named by Nicholas Aylward Vigors
4276:
4275:
4091:
3614:
3571:
3460:
3316:A Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
2968:
2959:
2867:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
2411:. International Ornithologists' Union
2194:The naturalist, explorer, and author
2171:), and Magnificent Bird of Paradise (
4457:41b37938-51c8-472c-a1a2-fb48d7cb4433
4256:
3104:
2781:Cracraft, J.; Feinstein, J. (2000).
2621:
1008:
3490:Laman, Tim; Scholes, Edwin (2012).
3188:
3010:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
2674:
2589:Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature
2547:Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature
1924:
1857:, both of which are endemic to the
24:
4160:King of Holland's bird-of-paradise
3527:Bird-of-paradise videos and images
3374:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
3266:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
2668:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1823.tb00098.x
2389:
2375:was not intended as a family name.
1976:focuses mostly on berries and the
1972:will eat mostly figs, whereas the
554:– King of Saxony bird-of-paradise
229:. The family has 45 species in 17
25:
4522:
4170:Lyre-tailed king bird-of-paradise
3514:
2224:
399:). The same study found that the
4255:
4246:
4245:
3558:The New Student's Reference Work
3535:produced for National Geographic
3257:Andaya, Leonard (October 2017).
2983:10.1046/j.1365-2699.2001.00600.x
2409:IOC World Bird List Version 12.1
2367:. Vigors was constrained by the
2289:
1749:List of hybrid birds-of-paradise
937:– birds-of-paradise (6 species)
885:– birds-of-paradise (2 species)
672:– standardwing bird-of-paradise
620:– twelve-wired bird-of-paradise
308:, and the Australian mudnesters
98:
4095:likely hybrid birds-of-paradise
3840:King of Saxony bird-of-paradise
3529:on the Internet Bird Collection
3499:. National Geographic Society.
3483:
3454:
3441:
3402:
3361:
3336:
3307:
3272:
3250:
3216:
3200:Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds
3139:
3098:
2997:
2893:
2847:
2829:
2357:
2338:spelled the genus name as both
2138:
2085:is now the predominant threat.
1885:) or island endemics (like the
1837:The centre of bird-of-paradise
1316:King of Saxony bird-of-paradise
338:King of Saxony bird-of-paradise
2640:
2615:
2534:
2508:
2482:
2423:
2318:
2270:, the royal crown worn by the
2234:represents a bird-of-paradise.
1768:
13:
1:
4220:Wilhelmina's bird-of-paradise
4215:Stresemann's bird-of-paradise
4190:Rothschild's bird-of-paradise
4130:Duivenbode's bird-of-paradise
4021:Twelve-wired bird-of-paradise
3533:Birds-of-paradise infographic
2382:
2167:), crescent-caped lophorina (
2155:to Lesser Birds of Paradise (
2004:systems, including the genus
1622:Twelve-wired bird-of-paradise
1598:Standardwing bird-of-paradise
461:– paradise-crows (2 species)
4210:Sharpe's lobe-billed parotia
3975:Magnificent bird-of-paradise
3148:"The Lost Birds of Paradise"
3111:Zoosystematics and Evolution
3070:10.1371/journal.pbio.2006962
2449:10.1371/journal.pbio.2006962
2217:plumes, scavenging from old
1984:take mostly capsular fruit.
1819:. So are the two species of
1563:Magnificent bird-of-paradise
1524:Magnificent bird-of-paradise
426:
401:Macgregor's bird-of-paradise
7:
4155:Gilliard's bird-of-paradise
4120:Bensbach's bird-of-paradise
3643:
3368:Andaya, Leonard Y. (2017).
2879:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.05.038
2282:
1987:
799:– paradigallas (2 species)
315:A 2009 study examining the
275:
10:
4527:
4225:Wonderful bird-of-paradise
4205:Schodde's bird-of-paradise
4185:Mysterious bird of Bobairo
3451:. London: Macmillan, 1869.
3314:Jobling, James A. (1991).
3105:Koch, André (2018-05-31).
2185:
2163:), King Bird of Paradise (
2159:), Magnificent Riflebird (
2077:. Hunting for plumes and
1746:
1742:
1003:
774:– sicklebills (2 species)
638:– sicklebills (2 species)
304:, the monarch flycatchers
288:by the English naturalist
29:
4284:
4241:
4165:Lupton's bird-of-paradise
4145:Elliot's bird-of-paradise
4105:
4101:
4087:
4056:Goldie's bird-of-paradise
4051:Raggiana bird-of-paradise
4029:
4011:
3993:
3980:Wilson's bird-of-paradise
3963:
3938:
3913:
3878:
3848:
3830:
3785:
3745:
3720:
3702:Crinkle-collared manucode
3680:
3657:
3642:
3631:
3627:
3610:
3551:"Birds-of-Paradise"
3521:Birds-of-Paradise Project
3415:Emu - Austral Ornithology
3387:10.1017/S0022463417000546
2922:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx004
2208:Hunting to provide plumes
2133:Maximilianus Transylvanus
1982:raggiana bird-of-paradise
1970:crinkle-collared manucode
1887:Wilson's bird-of-paradise
1777:Sicklebills such as this
1677:Goldie's bird-of-paradise
1668:Raggiana bird-of-paradise
1572:Wilson's bird-of-paradise
1533:Wilson's bird-of-paradise
1090:Crinkle-collared manucode
930:
912:
905:
878:
860:
853:
846:
810:
792:
785:
767:
760:
753:
715:– riflebirds (4 species)
708:
697:– lophorinas (3 species)
690:
683:
665:
658:
631:
613:
606:
599:
592:
565:
547:
540:
533:
497:
479:
472:
454:
447:
440:
189:
184:
95:Scientific classification
93:
76:
67:
57:Raggiana bird-of-paradise
55:
46:
41:
4180:Maria's bird-of-paradise
4125:Blood's bird-of-paradise
4066:Emperor bird-of-paradise
4046:Greater bird-of-paradise
3865:Crescent-caped lophorina
3737:Short-tailed paradigalla
3447:Wallace, Alfred Russel.
2908:(Aves: Paradisaeidae)".
2736:BMC Evolutionary Biology
2648:Vigors, Nicholas Aylward
2622:Bock, Walter J. (1994).
2350:suppressed the spelling
2311:
2276:Naraynhiti Palace Museum
2255:Attenborough in Paradise
2239:flag of Papua New Guinea
2100:greater bird-of-paradise
2064:greater bird-of-paradise
2054:Relationship with humans
1833:Distribution and habitat
1695:Emperor bird-of-paradise
1659:Greater bird-of-paradise
1351:Crescent-caped lophorina
1158:Short-tailed paradigalla
919:– blue bird-of-paradise
867:– King bird-of-paradise
817:– astrapias (5 species)
504:– manucodes (5 species)
264:A number of species are
4200:Ruys's bird-of-paradise
4041:Lesser bird-of-paradise
3950:Black-billed sicklebill
3732:Long-tailed paradigalla
3692:Glossy-mantled manucode
3667:Halmahera paradise-crow
3320:Oxford University Press
2971:Journal of Biogeography
2749:10.1186/1471-2148-9-235
2403:, eds. (January 2022).
2365:Nicholas Aylward Vigors
1914:glossy-mantled manucode
1841:is the large island of
1650:Lesser bird-of-paradise
1626:Seleucidis melanoleucus
1480:Black-billed sicklebill
1197:Astrapia splendidissima
1153:Paradigalla carunculata
1149:Long-tailed paradigalla
1127:Phonygammus keraudrenii
1063:Glossy-mantled manucode
1028:Halmahera paradise-crow
572:– parotias (6 species)
4135:Duivenbode's riflebird
3955:Pale-billed sicklebill
3767:Ribbon-tailed astrapia
2956:, Accessed Feb 3, 2011
2805:10.1098/rspb.2000.0992
2490:Swainson, William John
2221:bowers is encouraged.
2173:Diphyllodes magnificus
2149:Diphyllodes respublica
2066:
2008:. Others, such as the
1997:
1944:
1941:ribbon-tailed astrapia
1782:
1576:Diphyllodes respublica
1567:Diphyllodes magnificus
1489:Pale-billed sicklebill
1202:Ribbon-tailed astrapia
1162:Paradigalla brevicauda
1032:Lycocorax pyrrhopterus
191:17 genera, 45 species
4478:Paleobiology Database
4071:Blue bird-of-paradise
3985:King bird-of-paradise
3890:Magnificent riflebird
3707:Curl-crested manucode
3449:The Malay Archipelago
2601:10.21805/bzn.v67i1.a8
2559:10.21805/bzn.v69i1.a5
2201:The Malay Archipelago
2196:Alfred Russel Wallace
2061:
1995:
1932:
1920:Behaviour and ecology
1795:curl-crested manucode
1791:king bird-of-paradise
1776:
1725:Paradisornis rudolphi
1721:Blue bird-of-paradise
1515:King bird-of-paradise
1484:Drepanornis albertisi
1390:Magnificent riflebird
1099:Curl-crested manucode
290:William John Swainson
217:are found in eastern
4150:False-lobed astrapia
4110:Astrapian sicklebill
4061:Red bird-of-paradise
3905:Victoria's riflebird
3772:Stephanie's astrapia
3124:10.3897/zse.94.25139
1933:Fruits of the genus
1817:sexually monomorphic
1781:have decurved bills.
1699:Paradisaea guilielmi
1686:Red bird-of-paradise
1493:Drepanornis bruijnii
1417:Victoria's riflebird
1403:Ptiloris intercedens
1320:Pteridophora alberti
1224:Astrapia rothschildi
1211:Stephanie's astrapia
1094:Manucodia chalybatus
4093:Incomplete list of
2937:"Birds of Paradise"
2858:Lamprolia victoriae
2161:Ptiloris magnificus
2079:habitat destruction
1672:Paradisaea raggiana
1602:Semioptera wallacii
1412:Ptiloris paradiseus
1394:Ptiloris magnificus
1215:Astrapia stephaniae
1085:Manucodia jobiensis
486:– trumpet manucode
376:birds-of-paradise.
202:are members of the
70:Conservation status
61:Paradisaea raggiana
4175:Mantou's riflebird
3900:Paradise riflebird
3895:Growling riflebird
3322:. pp. 15–16.
3241:10.1071/mu9900269a
3227:(Paradisaeidae)".
3022:10.1007/bf00299927
2498:Zoological Journal
2399:; Donsker, David;
2250:David Attenborough
2112:Ferdinand Magellan
2067:
2027:sexually dimorphic
1998:
1945:
1902:paradise riflebird
1783:
1449:Epimachus fastosus
1421:Ptiloris victoriae
1408:Paradise riflebird
1399:Growling riflebird
1268:Parotia berlepschi
1041:Lycocorax obiensis
239:sexually dimorphic
213:. The majority of
4493:
4492:
4465:Open Tree of Life
4278:Taxon identifiers
4269:
4268:
4237:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4115:Barnes's astrapia
4083:
4082:
4079:
4078:
3860:Greater lophorina
3762:Splendid astrapia
3672:Obi paradise-crow
3653:
3652:
3599:Birds-of-paradise
3545:, PhotographyAxis
3539:Birds-of-paradise
3506:978-1-426-20958-1
3427:10.1071/MU9920108
2954:Birds of Paradise
2799:(1440): 233–241.
2713:978-84-96553-50-7
2401:Rasmussen, Pamela
2306:Fisherian runaway
2165:Cicinnurus regius
2124:Antonio Pigafetta
2071:dress and rituals
1978:greater lophorina
1739:
1738:
1681:Paradisaea decora
1519:Cicinnurus regius
1346:Lophorina superba
1342:Greater lophorina
1193:Splendid astrapia
1037:Obi paradise-crow
1000:
999:
991:
990:
982:
981:
973:
972:
964:
963:
955:
954:
946:
945:
894:
893:
835:
834:
826:
825:
742:
741:
733:
732:
724:
723:
647:
646:
581:
580:
522:
521:
513:
512:
317:mitochondrial DNA
200:birds-of-paradise
196:
195:
180:
88:
42:Bird-of-paradise
18:Birds-of-paradise
16:(Redirected from
4518:
4486:
4485:
4473:
4472:
4460:
4459:
4450:
4449:
4437:
4436:
4424:
4423:
4411:
4410:
4398:
4397:
4385:
4384:
4372:
4371:
4359:
4358:
4346:
4345:
4333:
4332:
4320:
4319:
4318:
4305:
4304:
4303:
4273:
4272:
4259:
4258:
4249:
4248:
4103:
4102:
4089:
4088:
3930:Brown sicklebill
3925:Black sicklebill
3870:Lesser lophorina
3822:Wahnes's parotia
3802:Carola's parotia
3712:Trumpet manucode
3640:
3639:
3629:
3628:
3612:
3611:
3605:: Paradisaeidae)
3592:
3585:
3578:
3569:
3568:
3564:
3562:
3553:
3543:Papua New Guinea
3510:
3498:
3477:
3476:
3458:
3452:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3406:
3400:
3399:
3389:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3340:
3334:
3333:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3263:
3254:
3248:
3244:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3195:
3186:
3185:
3167:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3126:
3102:
3096:
3092:
3082:
3072:
3063:(11): e2006962.
3048:
3042:
3041:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2966:
2957:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2939:. Archived from
2932:
2926:
2925:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2873:(3): 1218–1222.
2864:
2851:
2845:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2816:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2761:
2751:
2727:
2718:
2717:
2699:
2672:
2671:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2580:
2571:
2570:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2469:
2451:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2393:
2376:
2369:quinarian system
2361:
2355:
2322:
2301:Sexual selection
2296:Birds portal
2294:
2293:
2292:
2169:Lophorina niedda
2157:Paradisaea minor
2116:circumnavigation
2104:Paradisaea apoda
2094:, including the
1966:trumpet manucode
1925:Diet and feeding
1883:black sicklebill
1799:black sicklebill
1779:brown sicklebill
1763:Central Park Zoo
1758:Erwin Stresemann
1690:Paradisaea rubra
1663:Paradisaea apoda
1654:Paradisaea minor
1458:Epimachus meyeri
1454:Brown sicklebill
1445:Black sicklebill
1360:Lesser lophorina
1355:Lophorina niedda
1292:Wahnes's parotia
1255:Carola's parotia
1250:Parotia sefilata
1123:Trumpet manucode
1103:Manucodia comrii
1009:
908:
907:
856:
855:
849:
848:
788:
787:
763:
762:
756:
755:
686:
685:
661:
660:
609:
608:
602:
601:
595:
594:
543:
542:
536:
535:
475:
474:
450:
449:
443:
442:
435:
434:
397:Melanocharitidae
223:Papua New Guinea
175:
103:
102:
82:
51:
39:
38:
32:Bird of paradise
21:
4526:
4525:
4521:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4516:
4515:
4496:
4495:
4494:
4489:
4481:
4476:
4468:
4463:
4455:
4453:
4445:
4440:
4432:
4427:
4419:
4414:
4406:
4401:
4393:
4388:
4380:
4375:
4367:
4362:
4354:
4349:
4341:
4336:
4328:
4323:
4314:
4313:
4308:
4299:
4298:
4293:
4280:
4270:
4265:
4229:
4097:
4075:
4025:
4007:
3989:
3959:
3934:
3909:
3874:
3844:
3826:
3817:Eastern parotia
3812:Lawes's parotia
3797:Western parotia
3781:
3741:
3716:
3676:
3649:
3623:
3606:
3596:
3548:
3517:
3507:
3496:
3486:
3481:
3480:
3473:
3459:
3455:
3446:
3442:
3407:
3403:
3366:
3362:
3353:
3351:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3330:
3312:
3308:
3277:
3273:
3261:
3255:
3251:
3225:Parotia wahnesi
3221:
3217:
3210:
3196:
3189:
3165:10.2307/1370166
3144:
3140:
3103:
3099:
3049:
3045:
3002:
2998:
2967:
2960:
2946:
2944:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2898:
2894:
2862:
2852:
2848:
2834:
2830:
2792:Proc. R. Soc. B
2779:
2775:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2700:
2675:
2662:(3): 395–517 .
2645:
2641:
2620:
2616:
2581:
2574:
2539:
2535:
2520:Systema Naturae
2513:
2509:
2487:
2483:
2428:
2424:
2414:
2412:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2379:
2371:and his use of
2362:
2358:
2331:Systema Naturae
2324:In 1758 in the
2323:
2319:
2314:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2227:
2188:
2141:
2056:
1990:
1974:Lawes's parotia
1927:
1922:
1835:
1771:
1751:
1745:
1740:
1364:Lophorina minor
1296:Parotia wahnesi
1286:Parotia helenae
1282:Eastern parotia
1277:Parotia lawesii
1273:Lawes's parotia
1259:Parotia carolae
1246:Western parotia
1206:Astrapia mayeri
1076:Manucodia alter
1072:Tagula manucode
1006:
1001:
992:
983:
974:
965:
956:
947:
895:
836:
827:
743:
734:
725:
648:
582:
523:
514:
429:
278:
268:by hunting and
174:
97:
89:
72:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4524:
4514:
4513:
4508:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4487:
4474:
4461:
4451:
4438:
4425:
4412:
4399:
4386:
4373:
4360:
4347:
4334:
4321:
4306:
4290:
4288:
4282:
4281:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4253:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4235:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4106:
4099:
4098:
4085:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4037:
4035:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4017:
4015:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4005:
3999:
3997:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3971:
3969:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3957:
3952:
3946:
3944:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3927:
3921:
3919:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3886:
3884:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3856:
3854:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3836:
3834:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3807:Bronze parotia
3804:
3799:
3793:
3791:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3757:Arfak astrapia
3753:
3751:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3734:
3728:
3726:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3688:
3686:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3663:
3661:
3655:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3637:
3625:
3624:
3608:
3607:
3595:
3594:
3587:
3580:
3572:
3566:
3565:
3546:
3536:
3530:
3524:
3516:
3515:External links
3513:
3512:
3511:
3505:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3471:
3453:
3440:
3421:(2): 108–111.
3401:
3380:(3): 372–389.
3360:
3335:
3328:
3306:
3293:10.1086/348872
3287:(2): 173–180.
3271:
3249:
3215:
3208:
3187:
3138:
3117:(2): 315–324.
3097:
3043:
3016:(3): 229–238.
2996:
2977:(7): 893–925.
2958:
2927:
2916:(2): 439–470.
2892:
2846:
2828:
2773:
2719:
2712:
2673:
2639:
2614:
2572:
2533:
2516:Linnaeus, Carl
2507:
2481:
2422:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2356:
2346:. In 2012 the
2316:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2262:
2259:
2246:
2241:, designed by
2235:
2226:
2225:Other examples
2223:
2187:
2184:
2140:
2137:
2055:
2052:
1989:
1986:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1896:, swamps, and
1859:Maluku Islands
1834:
1831:
1770:
1767:
1747:Main article:
1744:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1692:
1683:
1674:
1665:
1656:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1569:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1530:
1521:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1486:
1463:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1451:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1414:
1405:
1396:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1357:
1348:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1289:
1279:
1270:
1264:Bronze parotia
1261:
1252:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1217:
1208:
1199:
1190:
1188:Astrapia nigra
1184:Arfak astrapia
1167:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1155:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1096:
1087:
1078:
1069:
1067:Manucodia ater
1046:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1034:
1007:
1005:
1002:
998:
997:
994:
993:
989:
988:
985:
984:
980:
979:
976:
975:
971:
970:
967:
966:
962:
961:
958:
957:
953:
952:
949:
948:
944:
943:
940:
939:
929:
926:
925:
922:
921:
911:
906:
904:
901:
900:
897:
896:
892:
891:
888:
887:
877:
874:
873:
870:
869:
859:
854:
852:
847:
845:
842:
841:
838:
837:
833:
832:
829:
828:
824:
823:
820:
819:
809:
806:
805:
802:
801:
791:
786:
784:
781:
780:
777:
776:
766:
761:
759:
754:
752:
749:
748:
745:
744:
740:
739:
736:
735:
731:
730:
727:
726:
722:
721:
718:
717:
707:
704:
703:
700:
699:
689:
684:
682:
679:
678:
675:
674:
664:
659:
657:
654:
653:
650:
649:
645:
644:
641:
640:
630:
627:
626:
623:
622:
612:
607:
605:
600:
598:
593:
591:
588:
587:
584:
583:
579:
578:
575:
574:
564:
561:
560:
557:
556:
546:
541:
539:
534:
532:
529:
528:
525:
524:
520:
519:
516:
515:
511:
510:
507:
506:
496:
493:
492:
489:
488:
478:
473:
471:
468:
467:
464:
463:
453:
448:
446:
441:
439:
438:Paradisaeidae
433:
428:
425:
277:
274:
225:, and eastern
194:
193:
187:
186:
182:
181:
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
91:
90:
77:
74:
73:
68:
65:
64:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4523:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4506:Paradisaeidae
4504:
4503:
4501:
4484:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4466:
4462:
4458:
4452:
4448:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4430:
4426:
4422:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4404:
4400:
4396:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4378:
4374:
4370:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4343:Paradisaeidae
4339:
4335:
4331:
4330:Paradisaeidae
4326:
4322:
4317:
4316:Paradisaeidae
4311:
4307:
4302:
4296:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4287:
4286:Paradisaeidae
4283:
4279:
4274:
4262:
4254:
4252:
4244:
4243:
4240:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4090:
4086:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4034:
4033:
4028:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4014:
4010:
4004:
4001:
4000:
3998:
3996:
3992:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3968:
3967:
3962:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3943:
3942:
3937:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3912:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3883:
3882:
3877:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3847:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3829:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3784:
3778:
3777:Huon astrapia
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3744:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3725:
3724:
3719:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3697:Jobi manucode
3695:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3679:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3648:
3647:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3613:
3609:
3604:
3600:
3593:
3588:
3586:
3581:
3579:
3574:
3573:
3570:
3561:
3559:
3552:
3547:
3544:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3508:
3502:
3495:
3494:
3488:
3487:
3474:
3472:90-6718-124-2
3468:
3464:
3457:
3450:
3444:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3405:
3397:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3364:
3349:
3345:
3339:
3331:
3329:0-19-854634-3
3325:
3321:
3317:
3310:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3275:
3267:
3260:
3253:
3247:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3219:
3211:
3209:1-85391-186-0
3205:
3201:
3194:
3192:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3142:
3134:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3101:
3095:
3090:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3047:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3000:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2965:
2963:
2955:
2943:on 2011-05-15
2942:
2938:
2934:Honolulu Zoo
2931:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2896:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2861:
2859:
2850:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2832:
2824:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2786:
2777:
2769:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2726:
2724:
2715:
2709:
2705:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2626:
2618:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2579:
2577:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2537:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2511:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2485:
2477:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2426:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2392:
2388:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2360:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2336:Carl Linnaeus
2333:
2332:
2327:
2326:tenth edition
2321:
2317:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2287:
2286:
2277:
2273:
2272:King of Nepal
2269:
2268:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2233:
2229:
2228:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2215:
2209:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2086:
2084:
2083:deforestation
2080:
2076:
2072:
2065:
2060:
2051:
2048:
2043:
2042:, are valid.
2041:
2036:
2035:Hybridisation
2032:
2029:species, but
2028:
2024:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2003:
1994:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1931:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1840:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1780:
1775:
1766:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1750:
1735:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1700:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1467:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1225:
1221:
1220:Huon astrapia
1218:
1216:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1163:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1104:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1081:Jobi manucode
1079:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1010:
996:
995:
987:
986:
978:
977:
969:
968:
960:
959:
951:
950:
942:
941:
938:
936:
935:
928:
927:
924:
923:
920:
918:
917:
910:
909:
903:
902:
899:
898:
890:
889:
886:
884:
883:
876:
875:
872:
871:
868:
866:
865:
858:
857:
851:
850:
844:
843:
840:
839:
831:
830:
822:
821:
818:
816:
815:
808:
807:
804:
803:
800:
798:
797:
790:
789:
783:
782:
779:
778:
775:
773:
772:
765:
764:
758:
757:
751:
750:
747:
746:
738:
737:
729:
728:
720:
719:
716:
714:
713:
706:
705:
702:
701:
698:
696:
695:
688:
687:
681:
680:
677:
676:
673:
671:
670:
663:
662:
656:
655:
652:
651:
643:
642:
639:
637:
636:
629:
628:
625:
624:
621:
619:
618:
611:
610:
604:
603:
597:
596:
590:
589:
586:
585:
577:
576:
573:
571:
570:
563:
562:
559:
558:
555:
553:
552:
545:
544:
538:
537:
531:
530:
527:
526:
518:
517:
509:
508:
505:
503:
502:
495:
494:
491:
490:
487:
485:
484:
477:
476:
470:
469:
466:
465:
462:
460:
459:
452:
451:
445:
444:
437:
436:
432:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
393:
392:Loboparadisea
388:
387:
382:
377:
375:
371:
367:
364:sicklebills,
363:
359:
355:
351:
348:sicklebills,
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
330:paradise-crow
327:
323:
318:
313:
311:
310:Struthideidae
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
273:
271:
267:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
211:Passeriformes
209:of the order
208:
207:Paradisaeidae
205:
201:
192:
188:
183:
178:
173:
172:Paradisaeidae
170:
167:
166:
163:
160:
158:Superfamily:
157:
156:
153:
152:Passeriformes
150:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
136:
133:
130:
127:
126:
123:
120:
117:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
101:
96:
92:
86:
80:
75:
71:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
4285:
4030:
4012:
4003:Standardwing
3994:
3964:
3939:
3914:
3879:
3849:
3832:Pteridophora
3831:
3786:
3746:
3721:
3681:
3658:
3644:
3632:
3598:
3557:
3492:
3484:Bibliography
3462:
3456:
3448:
3443:
3418:
3414:
3404:
3377:
3373:
3363:
3352:. Retrieved
3350:. 2018-09-14
3347:
3338:
3315:
3309:
3284:
3280:
3274:
3265:
3252:
3246:PDF fulltext
3232:
3228:
3224:
3218:
3199:
3155:
3151:
3141:
3114:
3110:
3100:
3060:
3057:PLOS Biology
3056:
3046:
3013:
3009:
2999:
2974:
2970:
2953:
2945:. Retrieved
2941:the original
2930:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2895:
2870:
2866:
2857:
2849:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2796:
2790:
2784:
2776:
2739:
2735:
2703:
2659:
2655:
2642:
2624:
2617:
2595:(1): 57–63.
2592:
2588:
2584:
2553:(1): 77–78.
2550:
2546:
2542:
2536:
2519:
2510:
2501:
2497:
2484:
2439:
2436:PLOS Biology
2435:
2425:
2413:. Retrieved
2408:
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4403:iNaturalist
4310:Wikispecies
3941:Drepanornis
3723:Paradigalla
3158:(4): 1016.
3094:Open access
2785:Macgregoria
2504:: 463–484 .
2397:Gill, Frank
2373:Paradisaeae
1958:territorial
1950:frugivorous
1894:rainforests
1874:Phonygammus
1827:iridescence
1822:Paradigalla
1769:Description
1552:Diphyllodes
1471:Drepanornis
1140:Paradigalla
1115:Phonygammus
882:Diphyllodes
796:Paradigalla
635:Drepanornis
483:Phonygammus
386:Cnemophilus
346:Drepanornis
306:Monarchidae
81:Appendix II
4500:Categories
4032:Paradisaea
4013:Seleucidis
3995:Semioptera
3966:Cicinnurus
3354:2020-09-20
3318:. Oxford:
3235:(4): 269.
3152:The Condor
2947:2011-02-03
2742:(1): 235.
2543:Paradisaea
2415:1 February
2383:References
2344:Paradisaea
2177:Susnguakti
2153:Raja Ampat
2145:West Papua
2091:Paradisaea
2031:monogamous
2023:polygamous
2011:Cicinnurus
2006:Paradisaea
2002:lek mating
1879:Queensland
1854:Semioptera
1843:New Guinea
1639:Paradisaea
1614:Seleucidis
1590:Semioptera
1505:Cicinnurus
1288:(Disputed)
934:Paradisaea
864:Cicinnurus
669:Semioptera
617:Seleucidis
409:Melampitta
405:honeyeater
374:Paradisaea
370:Cicinnurus
350:Semioptera
342:Seleucidis
294:bowerbirds
286:type genus
282:Paradisaea
266:threatened
247:arthropods
243:rainforest
3916:Epimachus
3851:Lophorina
3683:Manucodia
3659:Lycocorax
3435:0158-4197
3396:0022-4634
3301:145329486
3174:0010-5422
3133:1860-0743
3030:0340-5443
2902:Lophorina
2585:Paradisae
2458:1545-7885
2442:(11): 9.
2352:Paradisea
2340:Paradisea
2219:bowerbird
2075:millinery
1910:manucodes
1906:Australia
1869:Australia
1848:Lycocorax
1839:diversity
1807:Astrapias
1436:Epimachus
1333:Lophorina
1054:Manucodia
1019:Lycocorax
771:Epimachus
694:Lophorina
501:Manucodia
458:Lycocorax
427:Phylogeny
381:satinbird
362:Epimachus
358:Lophorina
354:Ptiloris,
326:manucodes
227:Australia
219:Indonesia
162:Corvoidea
118:Kingdom:
112:Eukaryota
4295:Wikidata
4251:Category
3881:Ptiloris
3748:Astrapia
3089:30457985
3038:21374280
2991:83592452
2906:Ptiloris
2887:18620871
2823:10714877
2768:19758445
2650:(1825).
2634:2246/830
2609:84064906
2567:81167105
2518:(1758).
2492:(1825).
2476:30457985
2283:See also
2267:Shripech
2179:forest.
1988:Breeding
1864:Ptiloris
1379:Ptiloris
1175:Astrapia
814:Astrapia
712:Ptiloris
421:fantails
413:silktail
372:and the
336:and the
334:parotias
302:Corvidae
276:Taxonomy
259:polygamy
251:monogamy
177:Swainson
168:Family:
132:Chordata
128:Phylum:
122:Animalia
108:Domain:
4470:1058847
4301:Q179333
4261:Commons
3788:Parotia
3646:Species
3621:species
3563:. 1914.
3348:YouTube
3182:1370166
3080:6245505
2844:: 66–68
2814:1690532
2759:2755009
2467:6245505
2328:of his
2186:Hunting
2118:of the
2108:phoenix
2025:in the
2017:Parotia
1813:Plumage
1787:corvids
1743:Hybrids
1237:Parotia
1004:Species
569:Parotia
298:Corvida
284:as the
235:plumage
215:species
185:Genera
148:Order:
138:Class:
83: (
4483:255528
4454:NZOR:
4434:179664
4421:108515
4382:1PRDSF
3617:Genera
3603:family
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2047:clutch
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344:, the
322:clades
257:-type
231:genera
204:family
179:, 1825
4416:IRMNG
4408:71348
3634:Genus
3541:from
3497:(PDF)
3297:S2CID
3262:(PDF)
3178:JSTOR
3034:S2CID
2987:S2CID
2863:(PDF)
2605:S2CID
2563:S2CID
2312:Notes
2175:) in
2129:apoda
2120:Earth
2062:Male
1756:When
1710:genus
1634:genus
1610:genus
1586:genus
1547:genus
1501:genus
1466:genus
1431:genus
1374:genus
1328:genus
1304:genus
1232:genus
1170:genus
1135:genus
1111:genus
1049:genus
1014:genus
85:CITES
79:CITES
4447:9149
4442:NCBI
4429:ITIS
4395:5711
4390:GBIF
4377:EPPO
4369:1632
3619:and
3501:ISBN
3467:ISBN
3431:ISSN
3392:ISSN
3324:ISBN
3281:Isis
3204:ISBN
3170:ISSN
3129:ISSN
3085:PMID
3026:ISSN
2883:PMID
2819:PMID
2764:PMID
2708:ISBN
2472:PMID
2454:ISSN
2417:2022
2342:and
2232:Apus
2014:and
1980:and
1968:and
1851:and
1803:bill
417:Fiji
389:and
356:and
328:and
198:The
142:Aves
4364:EoL
4356:DY6
4351:CoL
4338:AFD
4325:ADW
3423:doi
3382:doi
3289:doi
3237:doi
3229:Emu
3160:doi
3119:doi
3075:PMC
3065:doi
3018:doi
2979:doi
2918:doi
2914:181
2875:doi
2838:Emu
2809:PMC
2801:doi
2797:267
2754:PMC
2744:doi
2664:doi
2630:hdl
2597:doi
2555:doi
2528:110
2462:PMC
2444:doi
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