Black Eagle Dam - Knowledge

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Higgins Memorial Park (on the north bank of the Missouri River just behind the dam) with the island. Most of the construction costs were paid for by PPL Montana. In 2001, another segment of the trail was added, leading from the Black Eagle Memorial Island spur up Smelter Hill. The 2,950-foot-long (900 m) trail was paid for by a Community Transportation Enhancement Project grant. There is no fee to enter Black Eagle Memorial Island, which is open daily to the public from 9 A.M. to 8 P.M. and is maintained by the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks. In 2004, the River's Edge Trail was extended along the north bank of the Missouri River from the Black Eagle Dam powerhouse westward about 1.3 miles (2.1 km) to the 15th Street Bridge. About $ 175,000 of the $ 204,500 cost of the extension was paid for by the Community Transportation Enhancement Program, and the remainder by the Montana Air Congestion Initiative (a state program), the American Public Land Exchange (a nonprofit organization), and Recreational Trails (a nonprofit which manages the trail). Black Eagle Memorial Island opened to the public on June 2, 2005.

841:(FPC) began a proceeding (FPC Docket #IT-5840) to license all dams built prior to 1935 (the year the Federal Power Act became law). The act gave the Federal Power Commission the authority to license all dams on navigable waters in the United States. After almost a decade of extensive research and data collection as well as unfruitful negotiations, a hearing began before an FPC trial examiner on November 18, 1946, to determine whether the rivers where Montana Power had constructed dams prior to 1935 were navigable and therefore should be licensed under the act. In Opinion No. 170, issued on September 30, 1947, the trial examiner found that the rivers in question were navigable and the dams (including Black Eagle Dam) should be licensed. The company appealed to the full FPC, which began holding hearings on February 16, 1948. When the full FPC found against Montana Power, the company appealed to the 519:

powerhouse was built on this manmade shore. The island and the north bank of the Missouri River formed the tailrace (or channel for water leaving the powerhouse) of Black Eagle Dam. Tailrace Island was jointly owned by the power company and the Boston and Montana. A wooden pedestrian bridge was built to the island to connect the powerhouse with the smelter above. The north bank and a masonry wall offshore formed a long, concrete-lined forebay (100 feet (30 m) across at its widest part) for the northern powerhouse. The flow of water into this forebay was also controlled by gates. Three iron-enclosed penstocks were built to feed the northern powerhouse. The mechanical power generated by the turbines in the north powerhouse was not converted into electricity, however. Most of the power was transferred mechanically to the smelter's equipment via a system of ropes and pulleys.

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local Montana governments, four environmental organizations, and several Montana landowners began working together to reduce nutrient and sediment flows into the Sun River and its primary tributaries (Muddy Creek and Careless Creek). About $ 623,500 of Clean Water Act funds, $ 2 million in other federal funds, and $ 2.5 million in state and local funds were used to restore streambank vegetation, improve streamside grazing practices, restore sloping to streambanks, and improve irrigation practices. The program has seen success: By 2010, after just four years of abatement, sediment load dropped by 75 percent in Muddy Creek and 25 percent in Careless Creek.

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progressed, the engineers realized that the dam and its four powerhouses were too outdated to meet power generation needs. The company adjusted its plans, and planned for an entirely new dam to be built 50 feet (15 m) downstream from the first dam. The south forebay would be abandoned, while the north forebay would be retained (and significantly rehabilitated). The 1897 north bank powerhouse was demolished, and a new, concrete powerhouse built on the same location. The design and location of the new powerhouse was influenced by the company's experiences during the June 1908 flood (during which its south bank powerhouses had been flooded and damaged).

979:, and small wooden and steel sheds and buildings also sometimes become lodged against the dam. Removing hollow items can be dangerous, because the water pressure against them can cause them to implode. In addition to large amounts of driftwood, about 100 animal carcasses (cattle, deer, dogs, and various small animals) become lodged against the dam or the penstock intake screens each year. Floating screens at the entrance to the forebay catch many items, as do the penstock intake screens. Workers use a crane to remove items from these screens, and bury the items retrieved at a landfill. Dam operators also use a yellow civilian version of the 723: 29: 511: 780:(1.8 m) above flood stage). More than $ 17 million in damage occurred, and 21,000 acres (8,500 ha) were submerged. Floodwaters almost overwhelmed Black Eagle Dam, but no damage to the structure occurred. A fourth major flood hit on June 17, 1997. Heavy, swift snowmelt caused the Missouri River to rise 3 feet (0.91 m) above flood stage. But no damage to the dam was reported. Black Eagle Dam is also equipped with an emergency "trip face" that releases all the flashboards on the dam so that up to 100,000 cubic feet (2,800 m) per second of water can pass over the dam. 854:

and occupied public land without any authority. Hauser Dam was on navigable waters and held an invalid license to occupy public land. Holter Dam had a valid license, but that license did not extend to the navigable waters which it used. Hebgen and Madison dams were on non-navigable waters, but occupied public land without a valid license. The court of appeals remanded the issue of Canyon Ferry Dam back to the district court, as that dam had recently been sold to the federal government. Montana Power appealed the decision to the

1059:(No. 10–218, dec. February 22, 2012) that the Montana Supreme Court had erred in finding all of the riverbeds beneath all PPL Montana dams navigable. The unanimous U.S. Supreme Court held that the correct test is whether the portion of the riverbed under each specific dam (not the entire river, nor even a large or small portion of a river) was navigable at the time of statehood. If it was, then the riverbed is "navigable" and may be taxed. The case was remanded back to the state supreme court for further hearings. 489:

face had a pitch of 1.05:1. From the crest of the dam, a face (at a pitch of 1:08:1) extended for about 8 feet (2.4 m) before it became vertical. A 30-foot-high (9.1 m) masonry wall was built on the south end of the dam to form the foundation of and to protect the powerhouse, and the construction worked inward from either end of the dam. Every 48 feet (15 m) across the face of the dam, a 14-foot-wide (4.3 m) floodwater spillway made of concrete was created (for a total of eight spillways).

365: 447:(owner of the highly productive and famous Larrabee and Mountain View mines). On September 12, 1889, the Boston and Montana signed an agreement with GFWPTC in which the power company agreed to build a dam that would supply the mining firm with at least 1,000 horsepower (or 0.75 MW) of power by September 1, 1890, and 5,000 horsepower (or 3.73 MW) of power by January 1, 1891. In exchange, Boston and Montana agreed to build a $ 300,000 copper smelter near the dam. 4962: 1369:. Hiking and bicycling also occur in the area. Beginning in 2006, the Black Eagle Dam Run (a 5-kilometre (3.1 mi) run/walk and 10-kilometre (6.2 mi) run) has been held at Black Eagle Dam in mid-July. The annual Lewis and Clark Festival, celebrated in late June (the anniversary of the discovery of the Great Falls), focuses on events held around Black Eagle and other dams on the Great Falls of the Missouri. In mid-July, the River's Edge Trail 5680: 340:

could not have found; for neither man nor beast dare pass those gulphs which separate her little domain from the shores. the water is also broken in such manner as it descends over this pitch that the mist or sprey rises to a considerable height. this fall is certainly much the greatest I ever beheld except those two which I have mentioned below. it is incomparably a greater cataract and a more noble interesting object than the celebrated

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instead. Concrete and masonry retaining walls north and south of the powerhouse were also built to help prevent erosion of the riverbank into the forebay and tailrace. The new forebay was 421 feet (128 m) long and 96 feet (29 m) wide. The forebay was slightly extended downstream to the new powerhouse, and brick arches of the old powerhouse incorporated into the forebay's walls. The new powerhouse contained three vertical

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that PPL Montana and its predecessor, Montana Power, only leased these riverbeds from the state and did not own them. The parents sued to force PPL to pay rent due. (At no time in the past had the state sought rental income from Montana Power, and no payments by Montana Power or PPL Montana had ever been made.) Although the federal suit was dismissed for lack of a federal issue, PPL Montana filed suit in Montana's

743:(which regulated each turbine's speed) and draft tubes (which slowed the water down as it left the turbine, allowing the faster-moving water above to keep imparting energy to the turbine's propellers). The scroll-shaped inlets and wicket gates around the turbines were cemented into the powerhouse's basement, and each turbine installed in its own pit. Each turbine connected through the first floor roof to an 643:, the largest shareholder in the United Missouri River Power Company (owner of Hauser and Holter) into bankruptcy. Hauser sold his interest in United Missouri River Power to John D. Ryan, who on October 25, 1912, merged United Missouri River Power with the Great Falls Power Co., Butte Electric and Power Company, Billings and Eastern Montana Power Company, and Madison River Power Company to form the 455:") to turn turbines and generate electricity. The dam was built at a cost of about $ 515,000 (roughly $ 12,335,000 in inflation-adjusted 2010 dollars) on the upstream brink of the falls (to create the deepest reservoir possible). Construction bids were opened on February 5, 1890, with the request for bids specifying that all work must be finished by December 1, 1890. All the bids were rejected, and 943:, although water may flow (and flow at higher rates) if the dam's power generation requirements and water levels permit it. In May 2001, PPL Montana said it would shut down Black Eagle Falls after July 4 because of water flows only about 40 percent of normal. Reservoir levels were lowered again in September 2004 to repair flashboards. The lack of water exposed the Missouri's original channel near 423:, a friend of Hill's and the driving force behind the founding of the city of Great Falls. Gibson realized that the Great Falls of the Missouri could provide abundant, cheap electricity for industry, and proceeded to promote the town on this basis. But Gibson's plan meant actually building one or more dams to supply the dreamt-of power. The company immediately began purchasing riverside land and 5818: 1009:. In February 2005, the Montana State Tax Appeal Board gave the state a partial victory, reducing the state's assessments by 10 percent but otherwise upholding the assessment method. However, the tax board did not address PPL Montana's primary claim that the state was assessing its plants differently solely because they were unregulated. PPL Montana appealed the ruling to the 1005:

Eagle and its four other dams in the area, protesting 10.87 percent of the $ 4.48 million 2000 tax assessment, 6.5 percent of the $ 4.8 million 2001 tax assessment, and 85.65 percent of the $ 4.96 million tax assessment. This amounted to 30 percent of its total property tax assessment in the state of Montana—with one-third of amount owed payable solely in

947:. The reservoir was drawn down again and the falls turned off in June and July 2008. Flashboards on the dam were removed after a heavy rain to allow runoff to pass over the dam. Once the runoff passed, the flashboards were replaced. But little water remained in the reservoir and river, and the falls ran dry for several days until the reservoir filled again. 1400:

banks of the Missouri River from White Bear Island to Black Eagle Dam, inventoried the entire shoreline and assessed the riverbanks for condition, rehabilitation and refurbishment, and improvement opportunities. The plan laid out a number of options above and below Black Eagle Dam for improvements to public access, recreation, and beautification.

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below. The pedestrian suspension bridge over the dam also washed out. (A plaque was placed on the 6th Street underpass to mark the extent of the high water. It can be seen there today.) The dam itself suffered some damage as well. This damage was repaired, and the old wooden bridge to Tailrace Island replaced with a single-span steel

635:, and a future Assistant Secretary of War) purchased most of the shares in the GFWPTC. In 1910, GFWPTC organized a subsidiary, the Great Falls Power Co., to take over ownership and operation of Black Eagle Dam and its other hydroelectric properties (then being built). A second ownership change occurred in 1912. Cost overruns on 2962:"The Resources of Montana Territory and Attractions of Yellowstone National Park: Facts and Experiences on the Farming, Stock Raising, Mining, Lumbering, and Other Industries of Montana, and Notes on the Climate, Scenery, Game, Fish, and Mineral Springs ... and Other Valuable and Reliable Information ..." 1377:

opened the 25,000-square-foot (2,300 m) Lewis and Clark Interpretive Center, a $ 6 million museum and education center (which includes an exhibit hall, theater, store, and classrooms) which tells the story of Lewis and Clark's passage through central Montana and their discovery of the Great

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Taxation of the dam has been an issue of contention since 2000. During the 2002 ballot initiative fight, PPL Montana said its dams were worth at least $ 767 million. But in 2003, PPL argued that the dams were worth much less. PPL Montana challenged the amount of property taxes assessed on Black

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After the dam's reconstruction in 1926, workers and local people were permitted to walk across the top of the dam as a means of getting to work and school. For security reasons, the Montana Power Company closed the dam to such foot traffic during World War II and never allowed it to resume afterward.

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Black Eagle Dam suffered four major floods after its 1926 reconstruction, but survived them all. The first major flood occurred on June 4, 1953, when early spring rains and sudden snowmelt caused the Missouri River to rise 4.1 feet (1.2 m) above flood stage. No damage to the dam was reported. On

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Work began that summer with the removal of the south bank powerhouses. The existing dam was used as a coffer dam while workers poured concrete for the new dam. The new dam was finished on August 1, 1927, and began generating electricity in September. The new dam's reservoir completely drowned the old

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on the south bank of the Missouri River at Black Eagle Dam. In 2001, Tailrace Island was renamed Black Eagle Memorial Island (in honor of those workers who lost their lives while working on or at the dam) and turned over to the River's Edge Trail. A new 10-mile-long (16 km) section of the trail

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Much work has been done in the past two decades to create public access to and public viewing areas of the dam and falls. For decades, two gravel spaces existed on River Drive North near the Bob Speck Municipal Golf Course where drivers could stop, get out, and view Black Eagle Falls and the dam. In

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PPL Montana appealed to the Montana State Supreme Court. On March 30, 2010, the Montana State Supreme Court held (5-to-2) that the state district court had not erred in its rulings on various issues of summary judgment, that riverbeds were state public trust lands (but not school trust lands) under

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that "the 263 mile stretch of the Missouri River from Fort Benton to Three Forks is a 'navigable water of the United States,' and hence subject to the licensing requirements of the Federal Power Act." The court of appeals held that Black Eagle, Morony, Rainbow, and Ryan dams were on navigable waters

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The dam's new powerhouse was concrete. The company had planned to build a brick powerhouse. But local bricklayers demanded that they be paid the salary offered by the city rather than the lower rate offered by Montana Power. The company refuse to hire the workers, and built the structure of concrete

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that the tax appeal board had properly assessed PPL Montana's dams. However, PPL Montana had continued to dispute its tax assessments from 2003 to 2007, and the ruling did not directly address those challenges. But on December 14, 2007, PPL Montana offered to pay its 2003-to-2007 tax assessments at

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where it enters the relatively blue waters of the Missouri, and it leaves the Missouri noticeably muddier. Silt has reduced the reservoir's capacity, filled up the forebay, and caused damage to the powerplant. In 1988, the Montana Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) listed the Missouri River

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dam. This structure was the first hydroelectric dam built in Montana and the first built on the Missouri River. The dam helped give the city of Great Falls the nickname "The Electric City." A second dam, built of concrete in 1926 and opened in 1927, replaced the first dam, which was not removed and

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was constructed on Black Eagle Memorial Island for use by canoeists, kayakers, and other watercraft; observation decks; public restrooms; and parking lot. The boat landing was completed in October 2001. Construction also began on a 0.5-mile-long (0.80 km) section of trail designed to link Art

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contamination. Historic records show that plant wastes were routinely dumped into the Missouri River below Black Eagle dam. MDEQ estimated in 2002 that between 27,500,000 cubic yards (21,000,000 m) and 31,000,000 cubic yards (24,000,000 m) of waste were dumped into the river between 1892

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due to sediment and suspended solids in the river. Black Eagle Dam (which slows the water and allows sediment to fall to the bottom of the reservoir) has been listed as one of the contributing sources of this problem. To combat this problem, in 1994 seven federal agencies, eight state agencies, 10

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oversaw the redevelopment of the dam. Harry Cochrane, Montana Power's chief consulting engineer, supervised the dam's redesign (nearby Cochrane Dam is named after him). On April 1, 1926, the company announced it would spend $ 1 million to build a new powerhouse at Black Eagle Dam. But as work

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into the Missouri just north of Black Eagle Dam in an attempt to divert the floodwaters from the plant. The worst flood in the city's history at the time, several buildings in town were also washed away. They smashed against Black Eagle Dam, and some went over the dam to break up on the waterfalls

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Just two months later, on June 6, Black Eagle Dam suffered damage in yet another flood. Almost 3 inches (7.6 cm) of rain fell in 24 hours, and the Missouri River rose by almost 16 inches (41 cm) in eight hours. The Missouri River rose 8.1 feet (2.5 m) above flood stage (which itself

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Construction began on Black Eagle Dam in 1890. GFWPTC engineers designed a rock-and-timber crib weir overflow dam, in which dressed and shaped heavy timbers formed a closed structure filled with rock or rubble. The dam was not a large one. The goal was to merely create a pond behind the dam, which

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discovered Black Eagle Falls. "I arrived at another cataract of 26 feet...below this fall at a little distance a beautiful little Island well timbered is situated about the middle of the river. in this Island on a Cottonwood tree an Eagle has placed her nest; a more inaccessible spot I believe she

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The development of the River's Edge Trail and the growing importance of riverside parks and attractions around Black Eagle Dam and along the banks of the Missouri River led the city of Great Falls to develop its first Missouri River Urban Corridor Plan in 2003. The master plan, which covered both

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against PPL Montana. The parents argued that all riverbeds in Montana are owned by the state, are held in trust for the benefit of all the people, and that such riverbeds constitute a portion of state lands which must be taxed or leased to provide support for public schools. The plaintiffs argued

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Black Eagle Falls are not always flowing due to the needs of Black Eagle Dam. Typical median water flows of 11,200 cubic feet (320 m) per second occur in the Missouri River in May of each year. In October 2000, water levels behind the dam were drawn down and the falls shut off for about four

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On November 2, 1999, Montana Power announced it was selling all of its dams and other electric power generating plants to PPL, Inc. for $ 1.6 billion. The sale, which included Black Eagle Dam, was expected to generate $ 30 million in taxes for the state of Montana (although MPC said the

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to deflect the floodwaters away from the smelter site and dynamited a portion of Black Eagle Dam to allow the floodwaters to go downstream. Their efforts were not needed, as the Missouri River only rose 7 feet (2.1 m) by the time it reached that city. Two deaths occurred while the dynamiting

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riverbed was leveled as much as possible, and large timbers bolted and cemented (perpendicular to the river's flow) to the rock. Each timber was 8 feet (2.4 m) from the next one downstream, and six cribs were built to form a dam 56.66 feet (17.27 m) deep at its base.The dam's downstream

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trees found growing on the hill above the dam—the only two red oak trees in northcentral Montana). As of 2006, most of the north shore of the Missouri River below Black Eagle Dam was undeveloped as far down a Sulphur Spring (a distance of about 18 kilometres (11 mi)). Known as the Lewis and

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On the north side of the river was another powerhouse (completed in 1892), which contained seven more Victor turbines, capable of generating a total of 1.94 MW of power. Rock and debris carved from the river bottom was piled near the north bank to create a small island (Tailrace Island), and the

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along the Missouri River from Black Eagle Falls down to Sheep Creek (a distance of about 12 miles (19 km)). In time, it owned almost all the land set aside for the city of Great Falls as well as an additional 5,000 acres (2,000 ha) of waterside property. GFWPTC employed J.T. Fanning, a

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the parents' suit and denies states the power to make companies pay for the use of riverbeds. The state district court held against PPL's request for summary judgment on all counts. The two parties then went to trial, which lasted from October 22 to October 30, 2007. On June 13, 2008, the state

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At the time Montana Power sold Black Eagle Dam to PPL, Montana Power was installing controls that would allow the dam to be remotely operated from Rainbow Dam. At that time, PPL Montana said it had no plans to expand electrical generation capacity at Black Eagle Dam. Also in 1999, Montana Power

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for his coverage of the flood.) A third major flood occurred on June 21, 1975. More than 2 inches (5.1 cm) of rain fell in the Rocky Mountains in a 24-hour period. More than 5,000 people were evacuated from their homes in Great Falls after the Sun River rose to 21 feet (6.4 m) (6 feet

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The new dam was 782 feet (238 m) long and 34.5 feet (10.5 m) high, with a spillway 646 feet (197 m) long. Its height was limited by the city's freshwater and sewage facilities, which were just upstream from the dam and would be inundated if the dam were any higher. The dam had an

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caught and killed below the dam of five fish per day (only one of which could be over 18 inches (46 cm)). Limits on the number of walleye caught per day were lifted in 2010 to protect the rainbow and brown trout populations (they had been five daily and 10 in possession). According to dam

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The Community Transportation Enhancement Program is a program administered by the Montana Department of Transportation which provides small grants to transportation-related projects that strengthen the cultural, aesthetic, and environmental aspects of transportation. The program's focus is on

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has used the name, and the name was in popular use as early as 1891 and as late as 1917. Modern historians have referred to it as such, and it was in use by power industry publications as late as 1949. Today, the area from the 1st Avenue North Bridge to the confluence of the Missouri with the

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In 1893–1894, GFWPTC constructed a second powerhouse just downstream of its existing south bank powerhouse. This powerhouse mechanically transferred power to the Royal Milling Company flour mill on the bluff above. In 1897, GFWPTC built yet another powerhouse (this time next to its north bank

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in April 1893. The cost of the original plant was $ 2 million, and by 1892 more than 1,000 workers were employed at the smelter. On April 7, 1908, construction began on the "Big Stack," a chimney for dispersal of fumes 506 feet (154 m) high, with an interior measurement of 78.5 feet

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smelter, and a wire and cable manufacturing plant was added. But Black Eagle Dam, even with upgrades to its turbines and other power generation equipment, still only generated about three MW of electricity. More power was required. By the early 1920s, the needs of the city of Great Falls had

507:, and water flow into the penstocks was partially controlled by a gate at the upstream end of the forebay. The main penstock was 400 feet (120 m) long and 9 feet (2.7 m) in diameter, and fed water to the turbines. (Three other penstocks were built but not put into use immediately.) 916:

joins the Missouri River just a few miles upstream from Black Eagle Dam. The Sun River has long been derisively referred to as the "Scum River" due to the heavy load of sediment, nutrients, and unhealthy aquatic plant growth (such as algae) it contains. The Sun River is the color of

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weeks while PPL Montana made repairs to the forebay, gates, forebay, and penstock screens. PPL Montana's license for the dam requires it to send at least 200 cubic feet (5.7 m) per second of water over Black Eagle Dam between 9 A.M. and 8 P.M. on weekends and holidays between

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Since 1988, the Long Pool and the Missouri River in and around the city of Great Falls have been listed as an "impaired" waterway under the 1972 Clean Water Act. This area was first listed as impaired due to sedimentation, siltation, and suspended solids in 1988. High levels of

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Black Eagle Dam has changed very little between its construction in 1926 and 2010. The ruins of the powerhouses from the 1890 dam and the 1913 reconstruction were still visible as of 2005. The large cast-iron sheets which formed the south bank penstocks can also still be seen.

1106:. For many years, the state of Montana managed the Long Pool reservoir as part of one fishing management area, and the river below the dam as part of another. This was changed in 1999, so that the two are now managed together. The change also instituted a new limit on 691:) between the other two in a canyon of the Missouri River. In 1914, Montana Power considered raising the height of Black Eagle Dam to increase its power generation capacity. In 1916, much of the Boston and Montana smelter plant was replaced by a modern copper and 899:

connecting the dam to the area's electric grid. The new power lines (which replaced equipment more than 80 years old) were more widely spaced apart, to permit large birds to pass safely through or perch on the power lines. PPL also said it was replacing the

996:, these exercises were required to happen every year. PPL Montana works with local and state government and law enforcement, other companies, and the news media to plan for various contingencies and improve how it might respond in a disaster or emergency. 885:(the successor company to the Boston and Montana) laid 18 inches (46 cm) of topsoil on the island, spent $ 500,000 to landscape it and enhance the safety perimeter around the powerhouse, and agreed to fund a portion of the island's annual upkeep. 807:

to Black Eagle Falls (a distance of about 55 miles (89 km) along the winding Missouri River), this body of water has long been known as the "Long Pool." Thomas P. Roberts, who named Black Eagle Falls, gave this body of water its name in 1872. The

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were constructed in April 1890 to divert the river from the work areas. Work on the dam itself began on April 15. A shanty town named "River Bank" was constructed just upstream of the construction site on the north bank for the river to house the

1319:. Beavers are so common in the area that officials consider them pests, and trees in city parks have had to be protected against them. (At one point, beavers were chewing down two trees nightly on Black Eagle Memorial Island. These included two 311:

laid down by rivers, glaciers, and lakes in the past. Some of the Kootenai Formation is marine, however, laid down by shallow seas. The river is eating away at the softer nonmarine sandstone, with the harder rock forming the falls themselves.

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For many years, Black Eagle Dam's owners were required to hold simulations every five years to plan for various kinds of emergencies (flood, sabotage, mechanical breakdown, etc.) which might affect the dam and public safety. After the

348:&c." It is unclear which member of the expedition named the falls, but the expedition called them "Upper Pitch." The falls were eventually named for the black eagle which Lewis saw on June 14, 1805. In 1872, Thomas P. Roberts, a 525:

generators were used to transform some of the mechanical energy generated by the two powerhouses into electricity. A single person could operate the powerhouse during an eight-hour shift. A secondary powerhouse, which contained an

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outstripped Black Eagle Dam's ability to generate electricity, and the smelter was planning a new electrolytic zinc manufacturing plant that would require 10 MW of power. By 1925, the north powerhouses were seriously outdated.

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were built in the powerhouse as well, and a penstock connected to each chamber. The refurbished south powerhouse now provided power to the smelter, as well as to the flour mill (which had been converted to electricity).

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The Great Falls Water Power & Townsite Company was formed in 1887, with the goal of developing the town of Great Falls; providing it with power, sewage, and water; and attracting commerce and industry to the city.

503:(to which up to six generators could be mounted), each of which generated 1.27 MW of power. The south bank and a masonry wall some distance offshore created a forebay (or short headrace) which fed the iron-enclosed 1062:

Flashboards on the dam were slightly damaged during flooding in the spring and early summer of 2011. Water behind the dam was lowered until it barely crested the dam so repair crews could replace the flashboards.

862:(refused to hear the case) in March 1951. Montana Power subsequently sought and won licenses for Black Eagle Dam and the seven others required to do so by the court's ruling. (Black Eagle dam was relicensed by the 1131:(haziness of water due to suspended particles) was added as an impairing factor in 2000. Sources of these impairments include Black Eagle Dam, upstream abandoned mines, irrigation runoff, industrial sources, and 987:

which had fallen into the water.) Ice is another form of dangerous debris for the dam. In December 2010, blocks of floating ice overwhelmed the top of the dam, tearing the handrails off the maintenance walkway.

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Then and Now, or, Thirty-Six Years in the Rockies: Personal Reminiscences of Some of the First Pioneers of the State of Montana, Indians and Indian Wars, and the Past and Present of the Rocky Mountain Country:

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Because Black Eagle Dam is an overflow dam, it is common for debris to jam against the dam or obstruct the penstock intakes. Driftwood and logs are the most common forms of debris, but unusual objects such as

739:) capable of generating 18 MW of power, which gave Black Eagle the largest generating capacity of any of Montana Power's five dams in the Great Falls area. The Smith company also made the oil-pressure 1111:

officials, there are no screens to prevent fish from going over the dam or through the penstocks and turbines. Fish "go right through the turbines, it doesn't seem to bother them," dam operators say.

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Farshori, M. Zahoor and Hopkins, John C. "Sedimentology and Petroleum Geology of Fluvial and Shoreline Deposits of the Lower Cretaceous Sunburst Sandstone Member, Mannville Group, Southern Alberta."

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Black Eagle Dam created a reservoir about 2 miles (3.2 km) long behind it. The reservoir behind the first dam was about 17 feet (5.2 m) deep immediately behind the dam, and contained 459.1

563:(23.9 m) in diameter at the base and 50 feet (15 m) in diameter at the top. Built by the Alphonse Custodis Construction Co. of New York, it was completed on October 23, 1908, and was the 432:, to survey Black Eagle Falls in the summer of 1887 to determine the suitability of the falls and the best location for a dam. Plans for a dam were drawn up, but no action was taken at that time. 775:

also collapsed, killing nine. Although 3,000 people were forced out of their homes in Great Falls due to heavy flooding, the 1964 event did no damage to Black Eagle Dam. (Mel Ruder was awarded a

1338:. Most of this land is owned by PPL Montana, but there is some private land here which is not open to hunting. The PPL Montana lands are open to hunting due to a conservation easement, but the 983:

amphibious vehicle to remove objects, and to maintain the dam. (This vehicle caused a stir in Great Falls in June 2006, when local residents driving on a nearby road mistook the vehicle for a

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in 2014. The reservoir behind the dam has no official name, but was called the Long Pool for many years. The reservoir is about 2 miles (3.2 km) long, and has a storage capacity of 1,710

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requires hunters to obtain a map of these lands before using them for hunting. There are also restrictions on the type of weapons which may be used in this area, and where hunters may park.

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steam-powered turbine and generator, was built next to the south powerhouse and used to provide electricity to clients whenever the main turbines were shut off. A 200-foot-long (61 m)

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order issuing a new license dated September 27, 2000, states that the Black Eagle reservoir has a storage capacity of 1820 AF at normal maximum water surface elevation of 3290 feet." See:

647:. That same year, most of Black Eagle Dam's power (3.9 MW to 5.7 MW) was delivered to the new smelter. In comparison, only about 0.7 MW was delivered to the nearby city. Another 300 1150:

hazardous and toxic waste site. The EPA also said it would begin sampling for the riverbed above and below Black Eagle Dam, as well as residential areas in the town of Black Eagle, for

842: 496:

The dam began generating electricity in December 1890. Water was permitted to flow over the crest of the dam on January 6, 1891, and the dam was considered complete on March 15, 1891.

3841: 493:

1 foot (0.30 m) in height were installed along the entire top of the dam to add water storage capacity. The dam was 15 feet (4.6 m) high and 1,100 feet (340 m) long.

658:

In 1913, Montana Power upgraded Black Eagle Dam to generate more electrical (rather than mechanical) power. It abandoned its second powerhouse on the south bank, and installed two

803:

The reservoir formed behind Black Eagle Dam has no official name. However, due to the slow current, stillness of the water, and low incline of the water from the upriver town of

440: 2111:

Another report claims the cost was only $ 275,000, but that may be for just the cost of labor and not materials and the associated powerhouses. See: "Great Falls, Mont.," p. 240.

821:(a distance of about 1 mile (1.6 km)) is known as Broadwater Bay (after Charles Arthur Broadwater, the noted Montana railroad executive, real estate investor, and banker). 594:

locomotive was dispatched to the city of Great Falls, warning stations along the way about the dam break. Workers at the Boston and Montana Smelter in Great Falls improvised a

895:

Refurbishment of power generation and transmission systems at Black Eagle Dam began in 2010. In June of that year, PPL Montana initiated a $ 55 million effort to replace

767:

June 10, 1964, heavy rains in the Rocky Mountains caused the Missouri River to rise 9.6 feet (2.9 m) above flood stage—1.5 feet (0.46 m) higher than the 1908 flood.

1135:. The MDEQ has given the area a quality ranking of B-2 (fourth out of 18), declaring it suitable for human consumption and recreation (after treatment) but only marginal for 5877: 877:

that would have required the state to buy all of PPL's hydroelectric dams in Montana, including Black Eagle Dam. Montana voters rejected the initiative in November 2002.

238:

lies submerged in the reservoir. Almost unchanged since 1926, the dam is 782 feet (238 m) long and 34.5 feet (10.5 m) high, and its powerhouse contains three

719:

The new dam also had eight floodgates, and a pedestrian walkaway with railing was along the dam's crest to give maintenance workers access to the flashboards and dam.

443:

was organized on July 22, 1887, by the merger of Leonard Lewisohn's Lewisohn Brothers (a copper trading company), the Montana Company (a mine holding company), and

5852: 3966:

Environmental Protection Agency. "EPA Adds Anaconda Copper Mining Co. Smelter and Refinery in Cascade County to Superfund Site List." Press release. March 8, 2011.

1331:

Although the area below Black Eagle Dam is open for bird hunting, the reservoir and river upstream from Black Eagle Dam to Sand Coulee Creek is a no-hunting area.

1139:

fish, other aquatic animals, waterfowl and fur-bearing animals. MDEQ has scheduled the Long Pool and Missouri River watershed in this area for future improvement.

1022: 335:

became the first white person to see the Great Falls (the largest of the five waterfalls). On the second day that the expedition camped near the series of falls,

2716: 4336: 2283: 2143: 4389: 2098: 2374: 5086: 4843:

Great Places: Montana: A Recreational Guide to Montana's Public Lands and Historic Places for Birding, Hiking, Photography, Fishing, Hunting, and Camping.

4977: 1739: 869:

The three Allis-Chalmers generators were rewound in 1978, and again in 1982. In 1997, Montana Power repainted and renovated the Tailrace Island bridge.

866:, the successor agency to the FPC, on September 27, 2000 for 40 years. The license, number P-2188, is for PPL's entire Upper Missouri-Madison project.) 1766: 499:

A two-story brick powerhouse, 40 by 165 feet (12 by 50 m), was built on the south side of the river. It contained three twin, horizontal "Victor"

4996: 534:(or inclined railway) provided access to the south powerhouse from the bluff above. A 200-foot-long (61 m), 10-foot-wide (3.0 m) pedestrian 1207:

The area around the falls, despite its urban setting, is a habitat for many animal and bird species. Among the birds commonly found in the area are

5847: 2175: 1916: 2357: 2209: 2126: 1902: 603:

was 15 feet (4.6 m) above the median water level). Five people in the city drowned. The Boston and Montana smelter toppled four fully loaded

3371: 1801: 3810: 3758: 3637: 2886: 5857: 1339: 4566: 5716: 4922:

Analysis of Claims for Objection Purposes. Missouri River from Sun to Marias River, Basin 41Q. Prepared for the City of Great Falls, Montana.

2396:

A Brückner cylinder is a rotating, brick-lined, horizontal metal cylinder which heats ore, burning off undesirable chemicals such as sulphur.

1143: 514:

The interior of the north bank powerhouse at Black Eagle Dam, showing the ropes and pulleys used to transfer mechanical power to the smelter.

4515:

Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper No. 172. Series P, Hydrographic Progress Reports, 48. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1906.

3979: 4746:

Section 319 Nonpoint Source Program Success Story: Montana: Successful Collaboration and Agricultural BMPs Improved 80 Miles of Sun River.

3838: 2634: 2405:

A refining furnace melts the metal into a liquid. Undesirable material (or "dross") usually floats to the top, allowing it to be removed.

590:

about 90 miles upstream from Great Falls— failed. A surge of water 25 feet (7.6 m) to 30 feet (9.1 m) high swept downstream. A

599:

attempt was made, however: One man drowned while trying to remove flashboards from the dam, and another drowned when his boat capsized.

574: 3698: 776: 1350: 70: 4734:

Asheville, N.C.: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Data Service, National Climatic Center, January 1976.

4988: 2872: 1373:

Walk occurs around Black Eagle Dam and the falls, and are illuminated with colored spotlights during the event. On May 5, 1998, the

873:

total would be lower). In November 2001, citizens of Montana—upset with energy price increases announced by PPL—sought passage of a

5887: 5221: 2698: 2436: 2232: 5150: 4687: 4620: 3736: 2651: 1582: 1354: 2343: 368:

Looking northeast across Black Eagle Dam circa 1907. The south powerhouse is at the bottom of the image, and dam is at the left.

5867: 2978: 2923: 2944: 2937: 2930: 809: 564: 324: 4855: 2961: 1471:"Black Eagle Falls (Black Eagle Dam) is the only one in the city." See: "Great Falls Scores a Number of Firsts in Montana." 881:

turned most of Tailrace Island over to the city of Great Falls for use as a recreation area. In addition, Montana Power and

4695: 4628: 4432: 3160: 2659: 1759: 1590: 863: 744: 4412: 3450:"Montana: Section 319 Success Stories." Vol. III. Office of Water. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. October 13, 2010. 1978: 1447: 1095:

are also plentiful upstream from the dam. The area below Black Eagle Falls has been rated by one guide as a good area for

5872: 5264: 662:. The old generators in the first powerhouse were replaced with two new ones capable of generating 1.5 MW each. Two 639:, waning investor enthusiasm for dam-building, and the liability associated with the collapse of Hauser Dam nearly drove 4779:

PPL Montana, LLC. Form S-4. Registration Statement Under the Securities Act of 1933. EIN 54–1928759. November 21, 2000.

4343: 2732: 2290: 2150: 1048: 855: 527: 546:

Ground was broken on the smelter in the spring of 1890. The concentrator opened in March 1891; Brückner cylinders and

5709: 5076: 5035: 1091:

were first identified at Black Eagle Falls by Lewis and Clark in 1805, and the fish still are plentiful in the area.

412: 270: 5244: 3158:"Complete List of Issued Licenses." Licensing. Hydropower. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. November 23, 2010. 522: 1039:

district court ruled in favor of the state (although it denied the state's request for interest on the rent due).

5842: 5837: 5510: 5111: 1052: 1361:

Black Eagle Dam is also utilized as a recreation area. The whitewater just below the falls is a good place for

676: 538:

ran from the bluffs above each powerhouse over the river. The dam's life expectancy was estimated at 50 years.

4792:

Bureau of Agriculture, Labor, and Industry. State of Montana. Helena, Mont.: Independent Publishing Co., 1908.

5892: 5882: 5480: 5133: 4573:

Paper No. 38-15. Northeastern Section, 38th Annual Meeting. Geological Society of America. March 27–29, 2003.

1736: 591: 384: 1763: 5702: 5575: 5500: 5239: 5101: 1387: 1374: 282: 3378: 1334:

Wildlife hunting is also available on the north shore of the Missouri River from below Black Eagle Dam to

1047:, and that the district court's calculation of payments due was appropriate. PPL Montana, appealed to the 5665: 5630: 5550: 5382: 5123: 5118: 2054: 2046: 341: 4172:

Uda, Take; Newhouse, Eric; Winslow, Larry; and Loznak, Robin. "Lewis & Clark Portage Then and Now."

2907: 1391:

linking the existing 14-mile-long (23 km) trail was also opened that year. The same year, a public

5625: 5620: 5445: 5405: 5390: 1312: 1055:

for the views of the federal government. Finally, on February 22, 2012, the U.S. Supreme Court held in

833:

Montana Power was forced to license Black Eagle Dam and most of its other hydroelectric dams under the

578:

Black Eagle Dam is dynamited on April 14, 1908, to allow floodwaters from collapsed Hauser Dam to pass.

332: 273:

because it can generate electricity without needing to store additional water supplies behind the dam.

1159:, 34 miles (55 km) away. Toxins present in the water and riverbed, according to the EPA, include 912:

Sediment load carried by the Missouri River and its tributaries is a problem for Black Eagle Dam. The

5655: 5600: 5560: 5495: 5254: 5145: 5081: 1088: 392: 300: 4810:

Part II. Corps of Engineers, United States Army. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1892.

4798:

Part II. Corps of Engineers, United States Army. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1883.

3449: 5862: 5645: 5615: 5595: 5565: 5545: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5425: 5395: 5096: 4804:

Part I. Corps of Engineers, United States Army. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1892.

4563:

Estuarine Member of the Lower Cretaceous Kootenai Formation, Missouri River Gorge, Great Falls, MT.

4560: 838: 722: 353: 289:

in the United States. Before being dammed, water dropped 26.42 feet (8.05 m) over the falls.

255: 125: 4927: 4159:

June 26, 1998; Dresser, Michael and Dresser, Sheila. "A Symbol of Real American West: Waterfall."

2974: 5610: 5605: 5590: 5585: 5570: 5540: 5535: 5525: 5520: 5515: 5485: 5475: 5435: 5420: 5297: 4967: 3811:

Dennison, Mike. "State: PPL, Others Have No Case for U.S. Supco Appeal of Riverbed-Rental Case."

1151: 1027: 1021:

Another tax issue arose in 2007. The parents of several Montana schoolchildren filed suit in the

1006: 772: 736: 551: 416: 356:, formally named the cataract "Black Eagle Falls" after the incident recorded in Lewis' journal. 4808:

Report of the Chief of Engineers, United States Army, to the Secretary of War for the Year 1892.

4802:

Report of the Chief of Engineers, United States Army, to the Secretary of War for the Year 1892.

4796:

Report of the Chief of Engineers, United States Army, to the Secretary of War for the Year 1883.

3987: 3429: 510: 5660: 5650: 5580: 5530: 5455: 5450: 5440: 5430: 5415: 5410: 5400: 5211: 3923: 3542:"Replacement of Flashboards Creates Temporary Mud Flats on the Missouri near Black Eagle Dam." 3405: 3350: 3202:

December 10, 1997; Anez, Bob. "PP&L Global Buying Montana Power Plants for $ 1.6 Billion,"

2901: 1284: 1220: 980: 955: 500: 456: 388: 28: 812:

referred to it by this name beginning at least as early as 1883, and as recently as 1910. The

5897: 5640: 5635: 5028: 3787: 2321: 2030: 1325: 1010: 984: 901: 756: 644: 620: 547: 429: 247: 4380:

Vol. IX, Part 1. U.S. Department of War. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1903.

3714: 387:. It was capitalized at $ 5 million. Hill sold stock to many of his friends, including 5555: 5505: 5490: 5312: 4772:

Plum, Lester V. "The Definition of Navigable Waters and the 'Doctrine of Minor Interest'."

4370:

Aarstad, Rich; Arguimbau, Ellen; Baumler, Ellen; Porsild, Charlene L.; and Shovers, Brian.

3008:

The 1st Avenue North Bridge is about 3.4 miles (5.5 km) upstream from Black Eagle Dam.

1156: 1044: 1031: 993: 640: 481: 408: 230: 50: 4713:

WQPBDMSRPT-03-F. Helena, Mont.: Montana Dept. of Environmental Quality, December 14, 2010.

4500:

Gatchell, Willard W. "Jurisdictional Problems under the Federal Water Power Act of 1920."

2964:

Published and circulated by direction of the Montana Legislature – via Google Books.

2387:

A concentrator is a mechanical device which separates ore from dirt, debris, and tailings.

8: 5352: 5347: 5201: 5171: 5166: 5138: 3685:

February 12, 2005; Johnson, Charles S. "Revenue Dept. Still Assessing Impact of Ruling."

1155:

and 1915. EPA samples indicated that the contamination could extend as far downstream as

896: 813: 768: 419:. One of the stockholders in the Great Falls Water Power & Townsite Co. (GFWPTC) was 404: 3869:

Evaro, Donna. "FWP Seeks Comments on Fishing Regulations for Season Starting in March."

699:

The Montana Power Company began planning for a new dam and powerhouse in late 1925. The

609: 5372: 5342: 5332: 5106: 5068: 4606:

Copper for America: The United States Copper Industry From Colonial Times to the 1990s.

1280: 1236: 1035: 400: 304: 181: 4420:

Beyond the Stony Mountains: Nature in the American West from Lewis and Clark to Today.

2360:. McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, Incorporated. 13 June 1893 – via Google Books. 2129:. McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, Incorporated. 13 June 1893 – via Google Books. 926:(just downstream from Black Eagle Dam) as "impaired" under Section 303(d) of the 1972 619:

Ownership of the dam changed twice in the second decade of the 20th century. In 1908,

480:

workers who helped construct the dam. (Most of these workers helped found the town of

5357: 5317: 5307: 5282: 5277: 5272: 3839:"Missouri River Lowered for Maintenance to Black Eagle Dam." KFBB-TV. July 19, 2011. 2885:

The Long Pool's average depth was estimated in 1892 to be 3 feet (0.91 m). See:

2315: 2024: 1910: 1316: 1132: 1120: 892:

suggested removing Black Eagle Dam to restore the falls to their original condition.

874: 834: 792:(566,300 m) of water behind it. The current dam has a storage capacity of 1,710 740: 655:

and delivered physically, through a rope and pulley system, to the Royal Milling Co.

535: 436: 380: 349: 4917:

Vol. II. U.S. Department of War. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1910.

3825:

Dennison, Mike. "U.S. Supreme Court Overturns Montana Courts on PPL Riverbed Rent."

3759:

Hurley, Lawrence. "Supreme Court Asks Obama Admin to Weigh In on Riverbed Dispute."

3665:"Property Taxes Paid By Private Electricity Generating Plants and Dams in Montana." 5807: 5802: 5742: 5287: 5176: 5021: 4402: 4386:

Vol. V. U.S. Department of War. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1906.

1256: 846: 804: 377: 345: 336: 328: 281:

Black Eagle Falls is the first in a series of five waterfalls which constitute the

213: 383:

organized the investors, who were primary owners of large amounts of stock in the

5367: 5362: 5337: 5327: 5302: 5249: 5229: 5058: 4570: 4105:

June 5, 2003; Harrison, Elizabeth. "Outdoor Fun Begins With Indoor Kayak Class."

3845: 3164: 1770: 1743: 1212: 1099: 964: 927: 904:

next to the dam's powerhouse. Both projects are expected to be complete in 2012.

889: 659: 632: 251: 4873:

The Resources of Montana Territory and Attractions of Yellowstone National Park.

1903:"Report of the Bureau of Agriculture Labor and Industry of the State of Montana" 5726: 5684: 5322: 5292: 4790:

Report of the Bureau of Agriculture Labor and Industry of the State of Montana.

4449: 1451: 1272: 1260: 918: 752: 732: 628: 452: 444: 396: 374: 226: 194: 140: 5186: 4659:

The Battle for Butte: Mining and Politics on the Northern Frontier, 1864-1906.

4548:

All Aboard! for Glacier: The Great Northern Railway and Glacier National Park.

5831: 5782: 5694: 4384:

Annual Reports of the War Department for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1906.

4378:

Annual Reports of the War Department for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1903.

3157: 2939:

Annual Reports of the War Department for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1906,

2932:

Annual Reports of the War Department for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1903,

1320: 1276: 1092: 1013:

in 2007. On December 4, 2007, the Montana Supreme Court unanimously ruled in

944: 700: 559: 364: 239: 200: 85: 72: 58: 2541:

Ecke, Richard. "Floods of 1908: Disaster Struck Great Falls 100 Years Ago."

5797: 5787: 5767: 5234: 5196: 5091: 4982: 4953: 4483:

Washington, D.C.: Federal Works Agency, Work Projects Administration, 1939.

4286:

March 20, 2005; Babcock, Michael. "Come for Ice Cream, Stay for the View."

4101:

Fischer and Fischer, p. 129; Babcock, Michael. "Where to Float Your Boat."

1240: 1232: 1216: 968: 936: 688: 604: 555: 490: 420: 296: 5206: 1823:

Robbins, 2008, p. 165; Howard, p. 16-17; Federal Writer's Project, p. 353.

484:, and earthen foundations for the shanty town can still be seen.) The red 5762: 5191: 5181: 4319:

May 5, 2004; Lee, Sonja. "Neighbors Give Cold Shoulder to Ice Proposal."

1268: 1224: 1096: 923: 760: 748: 680: 652: 624: 613: 612:

capable of handling automobiles. The island now began to also serve as a

469: 424: 5128: 5007: 5000: 4725:

Wired for Success: The Butte, Anaconda & Pacific Railway, 1892-1985.

4645:

Pictures, a Park, and a Pulitzer: Mel Ruder and the 'Hungry Horse News'.

4509:

Report of Progress of Stream Measurements for the Calendar Year of 1905.

3206:

November 2, 1998; Kenworthy, Tom. "In Montana, a Volt Out of the Blue."

2735:. McGraw-Hill Publishing Company. 13 June 2018 – via Google Books. 907: 5777: 5752: 5747: 5737: 5044: 3245:

Gallagher, Susan. "Drive to Buy Montana Hydroelectric Dams Announced."

1335: 1264: 1244: 1208: 1136: 859: 675:

In 1909, engineers for Great Falls Power Co. proposed building dams at

663: 648: 636: 583: 460: 4748:

EPA 841-F-07-001Y. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. October 2007.

4493:

Fisher, Cassius A. "Geology of the Great Falls Coal Field, Montana."

4008:

Robbins, 2008, p. 165-166; Crawford, p. 167; Tirrell and Reddy, p. 48.

1421: 1142:

In 2011, the former smelter next to Black Eagle Dam was listed by the

216: 4718:

Anaconda, Montana: Copper Smelting Boom Town on the Western Frontier.

4638:

Navigating the Missouri: Steamboating on Nature's Highway, 1819-1935.

4397:

The New Student's Reference Work for Teachers, Students and Families.

3909:

Babcock, Michael. "Anglers Disagree Over Proposed New Fishing Regs."

3219:

Black, JoDee. "Rainbow Dam: PPL to Flow $ 175 Million Into Upgrade."

1814:

See, generally, Farshori and Hopkins, 1989; Haney and Schwartz, 2003.

1392: 1370: 1304: 1184: 1147: 1128: 940: 913: 818: 797: 793: 789: 587: 531: 485: 320: 308: 293: 263: 259: 234: 4961: 1901:

Industry, Montana Bureau of Agriculture, Labor, and (13 June 2018).

950: 5792: 5772: 5013: 5001:

Black Eagle Hydroelectric Facility, Great Falls, Cascade County, MT

4887:

Charles M. Russell: The Life and Legend of America's Cowboy Artist.

4214:

Wilmot, Paula. "New Canoe Landing Going In Below Black Eagle Dam."

2174:

Hydrography, Geological Survey (U S. ) Division of (13 June 2018).

1160: 1124: 1116: 843:

United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit

684: 595: 504: 473: 246:(MW) of power each. The maximum power output of the dam is 18 MW. 187: 4751:

Parker, Maurice S. "Black Eagle Falls Dam, Great Falls, Montana."

1832:

Lewis and Clark, p. 134-135 (grammar and punctuation in original).

1357:

Interpretative Center, located just downstream of Black Eagle Dam.

5048: 4947: 4155:

May 23, 1999; "Lewis and Clark Center Details Indian Influence."

1308: 1296: 1168: 1164: 1103: 1080: 1076: 976: 465: 286: 54: 4476:

Vol. 8. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1949.

3510:"PPL's Request to Shut Down Dams This Summer Approved by FERC." 441:

Boston and Montana Consolidated Copper and Silver Mining Company

4443:

Habitats and Ecosystems: An Encyclopedia of Endangered America.

3492:"Not Much Waterfall Action Likely in Great Falls This Summer." 1300: 1252: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1176: 1172: 1087:

The river above and below Black Eagle Dam is used for fishing.

316: 5010:", 4 photos, 7 data pages, 1 photo caption page 4583:

Hofman, H. O. "Notes on the Metallurgy of Copper of Montana."

3950:

Puckett, Karl. "EPA Adds Black Eagle Site to Superfund List."

3601:

Evaro, Donna. "Missouri River Ice Jam Being Watched Closely."

1066: 999: 726:

Turbines in the Black Eagle Dam north bank powerhouse in 1996.

2871:(U.S.), Association of Engineering Societies (13 June 1898). 1941:

Malone, 1996, p. 132; Guthrie, p. 20; Taliaferro, p. 120-121.

1383: 1366: 1362: 1228: 1107: 1018:

the slightly lower rate established by the tax appeal board.

972: 477: 459:

Maurice Parker was employed to design and construct the dam.

303:. The Missouri River in this area flows over and through the 233:. The first dam on the site, built and opened in 1890, was a 4269:

Wilmot, Paula. "City Kicks Cash Toward Soccer Park, Trail."

3232:"MPC Casts Doubt on $ 30 Million Tax Payment on Dam Sales." 2375:"Transactions of the American Institute of Mining Engineers" 1382:

1991, the River's Edge Trail, a paved and gravel pedestrian

571:

powerhouse) to supply even more power to the smelter above.

5817: 4856:

Smith, Barrett. "The Hauser Lake and Wolf Creek Projects."

4585:

Transactions of the American Institute of Mining Engineers.

4429:

Stevensville, Mont.: Stoneydale Press Publishing Co., 1999.

4413:"Black Eagle Dam Open to Public." KFBB-TV. August 29, 2009. 2906:. Rocky Mountain Publishing Company. 13 June 1876. p. 2572:

Wilmot, Paula. "Today's Great Falls Begins to Take Shape."

2101:. U.S. Government Printing Office – via Google Books. 1448:"Black Eagle Dam Open to Public," KFBB-TV, August 29, 2009" 1288: 1248: 1180: 882: 713: 692: 243: 219: 4741:

Rochester, N.Y.: Lawyers Cooperative Publishing Co., 1949.

4497:

Issue 356. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Geological Survey, 1909.

4315:

Wilmot, Paula. "Commissioners OK Missouri Corridor Plan."

4151:

May 3, 2004; "Indians Unsung Heroes for Lewis and Clark."

1905:. Independent Publishing Company – via Google Books. 716:-shaped crest to permit improved water flow over the top. 4850:

Montana Disasters: Fires, Floods, and Other Catastrophes.

4455:

2d ed. Lincoln, Neb.: University of Nebraska Press, 2003.

4088:"Check Rules Before Heading Out to Hunt on State Lands." 2178:

U.S. Government Printing Office – via Google Books.

1292: 837:

in 1950. The controversy arose in December 1937 when the

222: 4753:

Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers.

4727:

Pullman, Wash.: Washington State University Press, 2002.

4576:

Hebgen, Max. "The System of the Montana Power Company."

3325:"Sun River Cleanup Effort Has Done Much in Short Time." 1612:"City's Past Rooted in the River That Runs Through It." 1023:

United States District Court for the District of Montana

759:

for the Allis-Chalmers generators. Six 6,600/2,200 volt

435:

Black Eagle Dam was built in order to supply power to a

4868:

Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1951.

4647:

Helena, Mont.: Farcountry Press/Montana Magazine, 2000.

4587:

New York: American Institute of Mining Engineers, 1904.

4474:

Opinions and Decisions of the Federal Power Commission.

4282:"River's Edge Trail Runs 25 miles Over Hill and Dale." 2377:. The Institute. 13 June 2018 – via Google Books. 2317:

Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers

2097:

Engineers, United States Army Corps of (13 June 1892).

2026:

Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers

4594:

Helena, Mont.: Montana Historical Society Press, 2008.

4374:

Helena, Mont.: Montana Historical Society Press, 2009.

4230:

Johannes, Katie N. "2002 Planned Trail Improvements."

3715:"FindLaw's Supreme Court of Montana case and opinions" 1754: 1752: 1502:

Marcosson, p. 145; Holmes, Dailey, and Walter, p. 397.

554:

in August 1892; refining furnaces in January 1893; an

4985:, located at Giant Springs just below Black Eagle Dam 4147:

Skornogoski, Kim. "L&C Center's Sixth Birthday."

3258:

Berg, Christian. "Montanans Reject Buying PPL Dams."

2873:"Journal of the Association of Engineering Societies" 2346:. McGraw-Hill. 13 June 2018 – via Google Books. 2314:

Engineers, American Society of Civil (13 June 1892).

2023:

Engineers, American Society of Civil (13 June 1892).

958:, used for amphibious maintenance at Black Eagle Dam. 908:

Sediment, water flows, debris issues, and emergencies

4943: 4815:

Journal of the Association of Engineering Societies.

4507:

Geological Survey. U.S. Department of the Interior.

3896:

Babcock, Michael. "Missouri Fisheries Plan Is Out."

3737:

Dennison, Mike. "PPL Wants to Resolve Tax Protest."

5878:

Buildings and structures in Cascade County, Montana

4892:Terzaghi, Karl; Peck, Ralph B.; Mesri, Gholamreza. 4845:

Belgrade, Mont.: Wilderness Adventures Press, 2008.

4838:

Belgrade, Mont.: Wilderness Adventures Press, 2005.

4829:

Contributions to the Historical Society of Montana.

4711:

Montana 2010 Final Water Quality Integrated Report.

4682:

St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 1991.

4590:Holmes, Krys; Dailey, Susan C.; and Walter, David. 4520:

The Manual of Statistics: Stock Exchange Hand-Book.

3732: 3730: 3728: 2204: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2196: 2194: 2176:"Report of Progress of Stream Measurements for ..." 2121: 2119: 2117: 1973: 1971: 1969: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1961: 1959: 1749: 1071: 1051:, and in November 2010 the Supreme Court asked the 4889:Norman, Okla.: University of Oklahoma Press, 2003. 4668:Norman, Okla.: University of Oklahoma Press, 1996. 4395:Beach, Chandler Belden and McMurry, Frank Morton. 4390:Axline, Jon. "Hauser Dam." METNet.MT.gov. No date. 3892: 3890: 3888: 3806: 3804: 3677: 3675: 3307:"PPL Planning $ 55 Million Transmission Upgrade." 3185:Lee, Sonja. "Island Day-Use Area Open to Public." 2903:Contributions to the Historical Society of Montana 2663:. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. p. 2 2621:Morris, p. 227; "John D. Ryan Dies Unexpectedly." 2256:Talwani, Sanjay. "Race Is On at Tailrace Island." 4599:Lewis & Clark—Exploration of Central Montana. 4210: 4208: 4206: 4204: 4055:Lee, Sonja. "Cleanup Project Planned for Today." 3980:"Ecke, Richard. "Stack's Environmental History." 3615: 3613: 3611: 3526:Black, JoDee. "PPL Lowers River to Improve Dam." 3462: 3460: 3458: 3424: 3422: 3270: 3268: 1083:, a popular sport fish caught at Black Eagle Dam. 1034:in its favor, arguing that the Federal Power Act 5829: 4706:Missoula, Mont.: Montana State University, 1958. 4557:Helena, Mont.: Independent Publishing Co., 1912. 4495:Bulletin – United States Geological Survey. 4226: 4224: 3725: 3562:Schulz, Kathleen. "Bob: Bound for New Orleans?" 3506: 3504: 3502: 3198:Johnson, Charles S. "MPC to Sell Power Plants." 2712: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2191: 2114: 2092: 2090: 1956: 1949: 1947: 5853:Historic American Engineering Record in Montana 4903:Oakland, Calif.: Compass American Guides, 1991. 4831:Helena, Mont.: Rocky Mountain Publishing, 1876. 4827:Roberts, Thomas P. "The Upper Missouri River." 4680:James J. Hill and the Opening of the Northwest. 4666:James J. Hill: Empire Builder of the Northwest. 4541:Source Water Delineation and Assessment Report. 4331: 4329: 4298: 4296: 4265: 4263: 3885: 3801: 3672: 3633: 3631: 3629: 3522: 3520: 2697:Aarstad, et al., p. 125; Malone, 2006, p. 204; 2320:. American Society of Civil Engineers. p. 2029:. American Society of Civil Engineers. p. 1345: 1324:Clark Greenway, this area is under a permanent 1127:were listed as impairing factors in 1992. High 541: 5724: 5008:Black Eagle Hydroelectric Facility, Powerhouse 4661:Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2006. 4201: 4084: 4082: 4080: 4078: 4051: 4049: 3962: 3960: 3699:"Supreme Court Hears PPL Montana Tax Appeal." 3659: 3608: 3455: 3419: 3274:Wilmot, Paula. "The Rebirth of Smelter Hill." 3265: 3025: 3023: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2560: 2537: 2535: 2431: 2429: 2278: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2266: 2252: 2250: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2227: 2225: 2223: 2221: 2219: 2138: 2136: 1708: 1706: 1340:Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks 771:on Birch Creek collapsed, killing 19 people. 5710: 5029: 4774:Journal of Land and Public Utility Economics. 4709:Montana Department of Environmental Quality. 4654:Whitefish, Mont.: Kessinger Publishing, 2004. 4601:Rev. ed. Guilford, Conn.: Globe Pequot, 2000. 4221: 3924:"Montana DEQ > Water > WQPB > cwaic" 3681:Dennison, Mike. "State Wins PPL Tax Appeal." 3558: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3499: 3406:"Montana DEQ > Water > WQPB > cwaic" 3351:"Montana DEQ > Water > WQPB > cwaic" 3181: 3179: 3177: 3175: 3173: 3111:Montana Power Co. v. Federal Power Commission 3095:Montana Power Co. v. Federal Power Commission 2875:. Board of Managers – via Google Books. 2778: 2776: 2703: 2604: 2602: 2600: 2598: 2596: 2554:Axline, "Hauser Dam," METNet.MT.gov, no date. 2533: 2531: 2529: 2527: 2525: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2517: 2515: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2087: 2080: 2078: 1944: 1732: 1730: 1720: 1718: 1696:Hall, Ryan. "Hundreds Tour Black Eagle Dam." 1576: 1574: 1572: 1570: 1568: 1566: 1564: 1562: 1560: 1558: 1556: 1554: 1552: 1550: 1548: 1546: 1544: 1542: 1540: 1538: 1536: 1534: 1532: 1530: 1528: 1144:United States Environmental Protection Agency 851:Montana Power Co. v. Federal Power Commission 4621:"Holter Hydroelectric Facility, House No. 8" 4326: 4293: 4260: 4190: 4188: 4186: 4184: 4182: 4134:Sorich, Jake. "Luminaria Walk is Saturday." 4068:Babcock, Michael. "For Area Goose Hunters." 3626: 3538: 3536: 3517: 3077: 3075: 2766: 2764: 2652:"Holter Hydroelectric Facility, House No. 8" 2099:"Report of the Chief of Engineers U.S. Army" 1915:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 1896: 1894: 1892: 1802:"Bulletin - United States Geological Survey" 1644: 1642: 1640: 1630: 1628: 1626: 1624: 1622: 1526: 1524: 1522: 1520: 1518: 1516: 1514: 1512: 1510: 1508: 1489: 1487: 1485: 1483: 1481: 1299:. Common animal species in the area include 4858:Stone & Webster Public Service Journal. 4769:Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Publishing, 2010. 4518:Goodsell, Charles M. and Wallace, Henry E. 4372:Montana Place Names From Alzada to Zortman. 4075: 4046: 4039:Ecke, Richard. "Beavers Leave Their Mark." 3957: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3588:"Amphibious Vehicle in River Causes Stir." 3303: 3301: 3299: 3297: 3020: 2680: 2678: 2586: 2584: 2582: 2557: 2426: 2263: 2239: 2216: 2173: 2133: 1849: 1847: 1703: 1692: 1690: 1688: 1686: 1684: 1682: 1067:Recreational aspects and fishery management 1000:Tax dispute and Supreme Court riverbed case 5717: 5703: 5036: 5022: 4813:Ripley, Theron M. "The Canyon Ferry Dam." 4608:Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1998. 4194:Ecke, Richard. "Trail a Real 'Survivor'." 4130: 4128: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3748: 3638:"Lawyer Calls PPL Protest Short-Sighted." 3549: 3400: 3398: 3345: 3343: 3341: 3339: 3337: 3335: 3170: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3119: 2817:National Climatic Center, p. June 1975-22. 2813: 2811: 2809: 2773: 2593: 2512: 2331: 2075: 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 1879: 1877: 1800:(U.S.), Geological Survey (13 June 2018). 1727: 1715: 777:Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Reporting 27: 4875:Helena, Mont.: Montana Legislature, 1879. 4685: 4640:Norman, Okla.: Arthur H. Clark Co., 2008. 4522:New York: Manual of Statistics Co., 1913. 4179: 3974: 3972: 3865: 3863: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3533: 3072: 2761: 2470:1918, p. 298; Terzaghi, Peck, and Mesri, 2369: 2367: 2313: 2096: 2068: 2066: 2022: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1988: 1889: 1672: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1664: 1662: 1660: 1658: 1656: 1654: 1637: 1619: 1580: 1505: 1478: 1442: 1440: 1438: 1355:Lewis & Clark National Historic Trail 849:, writing for a 2-to-1 majority, held in 4911:Chicago: Tribune Printing Company, 1900. 4852:Boulder, Colo.: Pruett Publishing, 2001. 4699:. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. 4632:. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. 4453:Lewis and Clark: Pioneering Naturalists. 4427:Lewis & Clark on the Upper Missouri. 4422:New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. 3937: 3486: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3294: 2960:Strahorn, Robert Edmund (13 June 1879). 2959: 2790: 2788: 2686:Lewis & Clark on the Upper Missouri, 2675: 2579: 2499: 2439:. 13 June 2018 – via Google Books. 2307: 2235:. 13 June 2018 – via Google Books. 1981:. 13 June 2018 – via Google Books. 1928: 1926: 1900: 1844: 1775: 1679: 1349: 1075: 949: 721: 573: 509: 451:would create enough water pressure (or " 363: 5848:Energy infrastructure completed in 1927 4978:Black Eagle Dam at PPL Montana Web site 4894:Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice. 4618: 4467:Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology. 4125: 3745: 3466:Lee, Sonja. "Falls Won't Be So Great." 3395: 3372:"Great Falls Public Water System, p. 7" 3332: 3116: 2806: 2649: 2472:Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice, 1874: 1804:. The Survey. – via Google Books. 1594:. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress 1202: 824: 327:, knew of the falls. On June 13, 1805, 5830: 4932:New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1918. 4882:Buffalo, N.Y.: Moses King Corp., 1891. 4784:A History of Copper Mining in Montana. 4720:Bethesda, Md.: Swann Publishing, 1997. 4650:Lewis, Meriwether and Clark, William. 4550:Helena, Mont.: Farcountry Press, 2004. 4445:Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO, 1999. 3969: 3860: 3767: 2870: 2608:Wilmot, Paula. "On the River's Edge." 2364: 2063: 1985: 1799: 1793: 1784: 1651: 1435: 651:of mechanical energy was created by a 5858:Hydroelectric power plants in Montana 5698: 5017: 4983:Lewis & Clark Interpretive Center 4880:King's Handbook of the United States. 4732:Climatological Data National Summary. 4337:"River's Edge Trail Foundation, p. 8" 3314: 3097:, 185 F.2d 491 (App.D.C.Cir.; 1950), 2826:"5,000 Persons Flee Montana Floods." 2785: 2284:"River's Edge Trail Foundation, p. 5" 2144:"River's Edge Trail Foundation, p. 3" 1923: 1737:"Black Eagle Dam," PPL Montana, 2011. 1015:State Dept. of Revenue v. PPL Montana 810:United States Army Corps of Engineers 582:On April 14, 1908, at about 2:30 PM, 5043: 4997:Historic American Engineering Record 4930:The Design and Construction of Dams. 4786:Chicago: Lewis Publishing Co., 1930. 4762:Guilford, Conn.: Twodot Press, 2001. 4696:Historic American Engineering Record 4688:"Black Eagle Hydroelectric Facility" 4629:Historic American Engineering Record 4543:PWSID #MT0000525. November 20, 2002. 4490:Guilford, Conn.: FalconGuides, 2008. 4399:Chicago: F.E. Compton and Co., 1917. 3652:"Montanans Reject Buying PPL Dams." 3619:Adcock, Clifton. "Are We Prepared?" 3430:"About the Office of Water - US EPA" 3131:"F.P.C. is Upheld on Dam Licenses." 2660:Historic American Engineering Record 2505:"Two Towns Swept By Montana Flood," 2468:The Design and Construction of Dams, 1591:Historic American Engineering Record 1583:"Black Eagle Hydroelectric Facility" 1386:, opened along tracks of the former 864:Federal Energy Regulatory Commission 616:for powerhouse and smelter workers. 276: 254:purchased it in 1997 and sold it to 150:34.5 feet (10.5 m) (second dam) 4993:, City of Great Falls, Mont. (2004) 4409:New York: Simon and Schuster, 2002. 4026:Kotynski, Tom. "Talk of the Town." 3081:"Navigability of Missouri Argued." 2925:Report of the Chief of Engineers... 2888:Report of the Chief of Engineers... 2717:"Big Power House Will Be Erected," 1979:"Western Machinery and Steel World" 13: 4990:Missouri River Urban Corridor Plan 4686:McCormick, Mary (September 1996). 4486:Fischer, Hank and Fischer, Carol. 4435:Western Machinery and Steel World. 4407:Trout and Salmon of North America. 3575:"PPL Montana Holding Open House." 3479:"PPL to Work On Black Eagle Dam." 2857:"Floods a Menace in Idaho, Mont." 1764:Water Right Solutions, Inc., p. 4. 1581:McCormick, Mary (September 1996). 1049:Supreme Court of the United States 856:Supreme Court of the United States 763:stepped down the power for usage. 158:782 feet (238 m) (second dam) 14: 5909: 4937: 4878:Sweetser, M. F. and King, Moses. 4675:New York: Anaconda Company, 1957. 4539:Great Falls Public Water System. 3069:Federal Power Commission, p. 678. 2745:Federal Writer's Project, p. 150. 283:Great Falls of the Missouri River 5816: 5678: 5245:Regional designations of Montana 4960: 4946: 4899:Tirrell, Norma and Reddy, John. 4652:The Journals of Lewis and Clark. 4309: 4276: 4247: 4237: 4166: 4141: 4112: 4095: 4062: 4033: 4020: 4011: 4002: 3916: 3903: 3876: 3851: 3832: 3819: 3707: 3692: 3646: 3595: 3582: 3569: 3473: 3443: 3364: 3281: 3252: 3239: 3226: 3213: 3192: 3151: 3138: 3104: 3088: 3029:Wilmot, Paula. "The Big Stack." 2733:"Engineering and Mining Journal" 1072:Fishing and water quality issues 783: 5888:Run-of-the-river power stations 4820:River's Edge Trail Foundation. 4615:Brookfield, Vt.: Ashgate, 1997. 4460:Engineering and Mining Journal. 4364: 3790:PPL Montana v. State of Montana 3144:"United States Supreme Court." 3063: 3054: 3045: 3036: 3011: 3002: 2993: 2984: 2968: 2953: 2917: 2894: 2879: 2864: 2851: 2842: 2833: 2820: 2797: 2748: 2739: 2725: 2691: 2643: 2628: 2615: 2548: 2490: 2477: 2452: 2443: 2417: 2408: 2399: 2390: 2381: 2350: 2182: 2167: 2105: 2040: 1935: 1865: 1856: 1835: 1826: 1817: 1808: 1676:PPL Montana, Form S-4, p. A-23. 1053:United States Solicitor General 4915:War Department Annual Reports. 4822:The River's Edge History Tour. 4619:Johnson, Lon (November 1994). 4561:Haney, M. and Schwartz, R.K. 2946:War Department Annual Reports, 2910:– via Internet Archive. 2650:Johnson, Lon (November 1994). 2324:– via Internet Archive. 2033:– via Internet Archive. 1781:Cutright and Johnsgard, p. 26. 1606: 1496: 1465: 1424:. Carbon Monitoring for Action 1414: 292:Black Eagle Falls formed on a 1: 5868:NorthWestern Corporation dams 4836:Flyfisher's Guide to Montana. 4592:Montana: Stories of the Land. 4502:George Washington Law Review. 3857:Behnke and Tomelleri, p. 139. 2699:Goodsell and Wallace, p. 649. 2326:Parker Black Eagle Falls Dam. 2055:"Death of Leonard Lewisohn." 2035:Parker Black Eagle Falls Dam. 1028:First Judicial District Court 888:In the late 1990s, historian 800:(2,240,000 m) of water. 266:(2,240,000 m) of water. 4920:Water Right Solutions, Inc. 4481:Montana: A State Guide Book. 4458:"Editorial Correspondence." 2637:Mining and Scientific Press. 1407: 1388:Burlington Northern Railroad 1375:United States Forest Service 1346:Recreation area improvements 845:. On October 4, 1950, Judge 796:(2,110,000 m) to 1,820 565:tallest chimney in the world 542:1890 dam operational history 262:(2,110,000 m) to 1,820 242:capable of generating seven 7: 4448:Cutright, Paul Russell and 1365:, inner-tube floating, and 773:Lower Two Medicine Lake Dam 670: 359: 117:September 1927 (second dam) 105:September 1890 (first dam); 10: 5914: 5873:Dams on the Missouri River 4866:The Power Policy of Maine. 4730:National Climatic Center. 4479:Federal Writers' Project. 4472:Federal Power Commission. 3792:, 2010 MT 64 (2010) at ¶3" 3739:Helena Independent Record. 2979:Beach and McMurry, p. 1254 1287:, and numerous species of 333:Lewis and Clark Expedition 115:December 1890 (first dam); 5814: 5733: 5674: 5381: 5263: 5220: 5159: 5087:Congressional delegations 5067: 5055: 4739:Public Utilities Reports. 4405:and Tomelleri, Joseph R. 4244:non-traditional projects. 2975:Sweetser and King, p. 513 2483:"Dam Bursts in Montana," 2466:1997, p. 65-66; Wegmann, 2047:"A Montana Mining Deal." 1089:Westslope cutthroat trout 747:generator rated at 7,000 393:Charles Arthur Broadwater 301:Great Falls Tectonic Zone 193: 180: 175: 167: 162: 154: 146: 136: 131: 121: 111: 101: 64: 46: 38: 26: 21: 5006:HAER No. MT-97-A, " 4999:(HAER) No. MT-97, " 4532:"Great Falls, Montana." 4513:Missouri River Drainage. 839:Federal Power Commission 354:Northern Pacific Railway 256:NorthWestern Corporation 126:NorthWestern Corporation 4968:Renewable energy portal 4782:Raymer, Robert George. 4527:Street Railway Journal. 3654:Allentown Morning Call. 3260:Allentown Morning Call. 3163:March 23, 2010, at the 2890:, Part I, 1892, p. 265. 2770:Aarstad, et al., p. 25. 2462:1912, p. 135; Jackson, 2437:"The Colliery Engineer" 2233:"The Colliery Engineer" 1378:Falls of the Missouri. 737:S. Morgan Smith Company 701:Charles T. Main Company 683:) and the Great Falls ( 633:Anaconda Copper Company 625:Daly Bank and Trust Co. 417:Charles Elliott Perkins 182:Installed capacity 107:April 1926 (second dam) 102:Construction began 33:Black Eagle Dam in 2013 5843:Dams completed in 1927 5838:Dams completed in 1890 4896:New York: Wiley, 1996. 4758:Parry, Ellis Roberts. 4723:Mutschler, Charles V. 4302:"River's Edge Trail." 4017:Robbins, 2008, p. 166. 3882:Robbins, 2005, p. 323. 1358: 1084: 1057:PPL Montana v. Montana 959: 922:from the Sun River to 727: 592:Great Northern Railway 579: 558:in February 1893; and 548:reverberatory furnaces 515: 389:Philip Danforth Armour 385:Great Northern Railway 369: 321:South Piegan Blackfeet 271:"run-of-the-river" dam 250:built the second dam, 195:Annual generation 86:47.51972°N 111.26306°W 5240:Glacier National Park 4776:13:4 (November 1937). 4525:"Great Falls, Mont." 4469:37:4 (December 1989). 1353: 1326:conservation easement 1079: 1011:Montana Supreme Court 985:sport utility vehicle 953: 902:electrical substation 725: 645:Montana Power Company 577: 556:electrolytic refinery 513: 367: 307:, a mostly nonmarine 248:Montana Power Company 5893:Great Falls, Montana 5883:Disasters in Montana 5003:", 9 data pages 4871:Strahorn, Robert E. 4737:Nichols, Ellsworth. 4704:The Montana Almanac. 4671:Marcosson, Isaac F. 4415:Accessed 2011-04-05. 4392:Accessed 2010-06-15. 4321:Great Falls Tribune. 4317:Great Falls Tribune. 4304:Great Falls Tribune. 4288:Great Falls Tribune. 4284:Great Falls Tribune. 4271:Great Falls Tribune. 4255:Great Falls Tribune. 4253:"Outdoor Notebook." 4232:Great Falls Tribune. 4216:Great Falls Tribune. 4196:Great Falls Tribune. 4174:Great Falls Tribune. 4149:Great Falls Tribune. 4136:Great Falls Tribune. 4120:Great Falls Tribune. 4107:Great Falls Tribune. 4103:Great Falls Tribune. 4090:Great Falls Tribune. 4070:Great Falls Tribune. 4057:Great Falls Tribune. 4041:Great Falls Tribune. 4028:Great Falls Tribune. 3982:Great Falls Tribune. 3952:Great Falls Tribune. 3911:Great Falls Tribune. 3898:Great Falls Tribune. 3871:Great Falls Tribune. 3848:Accessed 2011-09-30. 3683:Great Falls Tribune. 3667:Great Falls Tribune. 3621:Great Falls Tribune. 3603:Great Falls Tribune. 3590:Great Falls Tribune. 3577:Great Falls Tribune. 3564:Great Falls Tribune. 3544:Great Falls Tribune. 3528:Great Falls Tribune. 3512:Great Falls Tribune. 3481:Great Falls Tribune. 3468:Great Falls Tribune. 3452:Accessed 2011-04-09. 3327:Great Falls Tribune. 3309:Great Falls Tribune. 3289:Great Falls Tribune. 3276:Great Falls Tribune. 3221:Great Falls Tribune. 3187:Great Falls Tribune. 3167:Accessed 2011-04-11. 3113:, 185 F.2d 491, 495. 3060:Smith, 1951, p. 316. 3031:Great Falls Tribune. 2756:Great Falls Tribune. 2754:"Talk of the Town." 2610:Great Falls Tribune. 2574:Great Falls Tribune. 2543:Great Falls Tribune. 2496:Smith, 1908, p. 237. 2258:Great Falls Tribune. 1884:The Montana Almanac, 1746:Accessed 2011-04-05. 1698:Great Falls Tribune. 1614:Great Falls Tribune. 1473:Great Falls Tribune. 1237:American goldfinches 1203:Wildlife and hunting 1045:Montana Constitution 1032:declaratory judgment 994:September 11 attacks 897:overhead power lines 825:Operation of the dam 755:generators acted as 687:), and a third dam ( 641:Samuel Thomas Hauser 528:Armington & Sims 409:John Stewart Kennedy 235:timber-and-rock crib 231:Great Falls, Montana 91:47.51972; -111.26306 16:Dam in Montana, U.S. 5151:Tourist attractions 5139:The Last Best Place 4716:Morris, Patrick F. 4664:Malone, Michael P. 4657:Malone, Michael P. 4611:Jackson, Donald C. 4534:Mines and Minerals. 4433:"Company Reports." 4118:"Regional Briefs." 4059:September 30, 2006. 3984:September 27, 2007" 3900:September 23, 1999. 3530:September 18, 2004. 3033:September 18, 2002. 2912:Long Pool Missouri. 1953:Taliaferro, p. 121. 1281:western meadowlarks 814:Montana Legislature 610:Warren truss bridge 457:mechanical engineer 405:Daniel Willis James 82: / 5685:Montana portal 4924:February 28, 2011. 4885:Taliaferro, John. 4569:2011-06-08 at the 4504:14:42 (1945–1946). 4462:December 19, 1914. 4450:Johnsgard, Paul A. 4418:Botkin, Daniel B. 4043:November 30, 2010. 3913:September 2, 2010. 3844:2012-03-29 at the 3829:February 23, 2012. 3741:December 14, 2007. 3689:February 15, 2005. 3605:December 23, 2010. 3291:December 11, 1999. 3249:November 20, 2001. 3223:February 27, 2008. 3085:February 17, 1948. 2990:Lass, p. 379, 380. 2794:Parry, p. 125-126. 2635:"Butte, Montana." 2625:February 12, 1933. 2449:Marcosson, p. 289. 2344:"Electrical World" 1769:2011-10-03 at the 1742:2011-07-15 at the 1384:recreational trail 1359: 1085: 960: 728: 623:(president of the 580: 516: 430:hydraulic engineer 401:John Murray Forbes 370: 305:Kootenai Formation 5825: 5824: 5692: 5691: 4928:Wegmann, Edward. 4760:Montana Dateline. 4744:Office of Water. 4636:Lass, William E. 4604:Hyde, Charles K. 4597:Howard, Ela Mae. 4578:Electrical World. 4488:Paddling Montana. 4403:Behnke, Robert J. 4234:January 14, 2002. 4218:October 19, 2001. 4163:October 13, 1997. 4109:January 31, 2010. 4072:January 13, 2005. 3827:Billings Gazette. 3813:Billings Gazette. 3763:November 1, 2010. 3701:Montana Standard. 3687:Billings Gazette. 3669:January 26, 2003. 3656:November 7, 2002. 3640:Associated Press. 3623:January 16, 2006. 3494:Associated Press. 3483:October 26, 2000. 3262:November 7, 2002. 3247:Associated Press. 3234:Associated Press. 3204:Associated Press, 3083:Associated Press. 2828:Associated Press. 2803:Lawrence, p. 8-9. 2719:The Troy Tribune, 2576:January 31, 1999. 2414:Mutschler, p. 13. 2358:"Transit Journal" 2210:"Transit Journal" 2127:"Transit Journal" 1841:Cutright, p. 156. 1712:Peterson, p. 116. 1317:white-tailed deer 1257:red-necked grebes 1133:stormwater runoff 875:ballot initiative 835:Federal Power Act 735:(supplied by the 536:suspension bridge 501:reaction turbines 277:Black Eagle Falls 207: 206: 132:Dam and spillways 112:Opening date 5905: 5820: 5808:Gavins Point Dam 5803:Fort Randall Dam 5743:Canyon Ferry Dam 5719: 5712: 5705: 5696: 5695: 5683: 5682: 5681: 5038: 5031: 5024: 5015: 5014: 4970: 4965: 4964: 4956: 4951: 4950: 4906:Vaughn, Robert. 4864:Smith, Lincoln. 4841:Robbins, Chuck. 4834:Robbins, Chuck. 4700: 4692: 4633: 4625: 4441:Crawford, Mark. 4358: 4357: 4355: 4354: 4348: 4342:. Archived from 4341: 4333: 4324: 4313: 4307: 4300: 4291: 4280: 4274: 4267: 4258: 4251: 4245: 4241: 4235: 4228: 4219: 4212: 4199: 4192: 4177: 4170: 4164: 4145: 4139: 4132: 4123: 4116: 4110: 4099: 4093: 4092:August 31, 2006. 4086: 4073: 4066: 4060: 4053: 4044: 4037: 4031: 4024: 4018: 4015: 4009: 4006: 4000: 3999: 3997: 3995: 3986:. Archived from 3976: 3967: 3964: 3955: 3948: 3935: 3934: 3928: 3920: 3914: 3907: 3901: 3894: 3883: 3880: 3874: 3873:August 12, 2010. 3867: 3858: 3855: 3849: 3836: 3830: 3823: 3817: 3815:October 4, 2010. 3808: 3799: 3798: 3796: 3784: 3765: 3756: 3743: 3734: 3723: 3722: 3711: 3705: 3696: 3690: 3679: 3670: 3663: 3657: 3650: 3644: 3635: 3624: 3617: 3606: 3599: 3593: 3586: 3580: 3579:August 26, 2009. 3573: 3567: 3560: 3547: 3540: 3531: 3524: 3515: 3508: 3497: 3490: 3484: 3477: 3471: 3464: 3453: 3447: 3441: 3440: 3434: 3426: 3417: 3416: 3410: 3402: 3393: 3392: 3390: 3389: 3383: 3377:. Archived from 3376: 3368: 3362: 3361: 3355: 3347: 3330: 3323: 3312: 3305: 3292: 3285: 3279: 3272: 3263: 3256: 3250: 3243: 3237: 3230: 3224: 3217: 3211: 3208:Washington Post. 3196: 3190: 3183: 3168: 3155: 3149: 3142: 3136: 3135:October 5, 1950. 3129: 3114: 3108: 3102: 3092: 3086: 3079: 3070: 3067: 3061: 3058: 3052: 3049: 3043: 3042:Gatchell, p. 50. 3040: 3034: 3027: 3018: 3017:Peterson, p. 77. 3015: 3009: 3006: 3000: 2999:Nichols, p. 329. 2997: 2991: 2988: 2982: 2972: 2966: 2965: 2957: 2951: 2921: 2915: 2914: 2898: 2892: 2883: 2877: 2876: 2868: 2862: 2855: 2849: 2846: 2840: 2839:Peterson, p. 64. 2837: 2831: 2824: 2818: 2815: 2804: 2801: 2795: 2792: 2783: 2782:Peterson, p. 62. 2780: 2771: 2768: 2759: 2752: 2746: 2743: 2737: 2736: 2729: 2723: 2714: 2701: 2695: 2689: 2682: 2673: 2672: 2670: 2668: 2656: 2647: 2641: 2632: 2626: 2619: 2613: 2606: 2591: 2588: 2577: 2570: 2555: 2552: 2546: 2539: 2510: 2503: 2497: 2494: 2488: 2481: 2475: 2456: 2450: 2447: 2441: 2440: 2433: 2424: 2421: 2415: 2412: 2406: 2403: 2397: 2394: 2388: 2385: 2379: 2378: 2371: 2362: 2361: 2354: 2348: 2347: 2340: 2329: 2328: 2311: 2305: 2304: 2302: 2301: 2295: 2289:. Archived from 2288: 2280: 2261: 2254: 2237: 2236: 2229: 2214: 2213: 2206: 2189: 2188:Peterson, p. 86. 2186: 2180: 2179: 2171: 2165: 2164: 2162: 2161: 2155: 2149:. Archived from 2148: 2140: 2131: 2130: 2123: 2112: 2109: 2103: 2102: 2094: 2085: 2084:Peterson, p. 60. 2082: 2073: 2070: 2061: 2044: 2038: 2037: 2020: 1983: 1982: 1975: 1954: 1951: 1942: 1939: 1933: 1930: 1921: 1920: 1914: 1906: 1898: 1887: 1881: 1872: 1871:Peterson, p. 20. 1869: 1863: 1860: 1854: 1851: 1842: 1839: 1833: 1830: 1824: 1821: 1815: 1812: 1806: 1805: 1797: 1791: 1788: 1782: 1779: 1773: 1756: 1747: 1734: 1725: 1724:Peterson, p. 82. 1722: 1713: 1710: 1701: 1700:August 30, 2009. 1694: 1677: 1674: 1649: 1648:Peterson, p. 63. 1646: 1635: 1634:Peterson, p. 61. 1632: 1617: 1610: 1604: 1603: 1601: 1599: 1587: 1578: 1503: 1500: 1494: 1493:Peterson, p. 59. 1491: 1476: 1469: 1463: 1462: 1460: 1459: 1450:. Archived from 1444: 1433: 1432: 1430: 1429: 1418: 1213:California gulls 847:David L. Bazelon 413:Leonard Lewisohn 342:falls of Potomac 337:Meriwether Lewis 329:Meriwether Lewis 325:Native Americans 285:in the state of 97: 96: 94: 93: 92: 87: 83: 80: 79: 78: 75: 31: 19: 18: 5913: 5912: 5908: 5907: 5906: 5904: 5903: 5902: 5863:Dams in Montana 5828: 5827: 5826: 5821: 5812: 5758:Black Eagle Dam 5729: 5723: 5693: 5688: 5679: 5677: 5670: 5511:Lewis and Clark 5377: 5259: 5250:Western Montana 5230:Eastern Montana 5216: 5155: 5124:Protected areas 5063: 5051: 5042: 4974: 4973: 4966: 4959: 4952: 4945: 4940: 4765:Peterson, Don. 4690: 4678:Martin, Albro. 4643:Lawrence, Tom. 4623: 4571:Wayback Machine 4546:Guthrie, C. W. 4367: 4362: 4361: 4352: 4350: 4346: 4339: 4335: 4334: 4327: 4314: 4310: 4301: 4294: 4281: 4277: 4268: 4261: 4257:March 25, 2004. 4252: 4248: 4242: 4238: 4229: 4222: 4213: 4202: 4193: 4180: 4171: 4167: 4146: 4142: 4133: 4126: 4117: 4113: 4100: 4096: 4087: 4076: 4067: 4063: 4054: 4047: 4038: 4034: 4025: 4021: 4016: 4012: 4007: 4003: 3993: 3991: 3990:on May 16, 2012 3978: 3977: 3970: 3965: 3958: 3949: 3938: 3926: 3922: 3921: 3917: 3908: 3904: 3895: 3886: 3881: 3877: 3868: 3861: 3856: 3852: 3846:Wayback Machine 3837: 3833: 3824: 3820: 3809: 3802: 3794: 3786: 3785: 3768: 3761:New York Times. 3757: 3746: 3735: 3726: 3713: 3712: 3708: 3697: 3693: 3680: 3673: 3664: 3660: 3651: 3647: 3642:April 27, 2004. 3636: 3627: 3618: 3609: 3600: 3596: 3587: 3583: 3574: 3570: 3566:March 27, 2004. 3561: 3550: 3541: 3534: 3525: 3518: 3509: 3500: 3491: 3487: 3478: 3474: 3465: 3456: 3448: 3444: 3432: 3428: 3427: 3420: 3408: 3404: 3403: 3396: 3387: 3385: 3381: 3374: 3370: 3369: 3365: 3353: 3349: 3348: 3333: 3329:August 3, 2000. 3324: 3315: 3306: 3295: 3286: 3282: 3273: 3266: 3257: 3253: 3244: 3240: 3231: 3227: 3218: 3214: 3200:The Missoulian. 3197: 3193: 3184: 3171: 3165:Wayback Machine 3156: 3152: 3148:March 13, 1951. 3146:New York Times. 3143: 3139: 3133:New York Times. 3130: 3117: 3109: 3105: 3093: 3089: 3080: 3073: 3068: 3064: 3059: 3055: 3050: 3046: 3041: 3037: 3028: 3021: 3016: 3012: 3007: 3003: 2998: 2994: 2989: 2985: 2973: 2969: 2958: 2954: 2922: 2918: 2900: 2899: 2895: 2884: 2880: 2869: 2865: 2856: 2852: 2848:Peterson, p. 8. 2847: 2843: 2838: 2834: 2825: 2821: 2816: 2807: 2802: 2798: 2793: 2786: 2781: 2774: 2769: 2762: 2753: 2749: 2744: 2740: 2731: 2730: 2726: 2715: 2704: 2696: 2692: 2683: 2676: 2666: 2664: 2654: 2648: 2644: 2633: 2629: 2623:New York Times. 2620: 2616: 2607: 2594: 2589: 2580: 2571: 2558: 2553: 2549: 2540: 2513: 2509:April 16, 1908. 2507:New York Times, 2504: 2500: 2495: 2491: 2487:April 15, 1908. 2485:New York Times, 2482: 2478: 2457: 2453: 2448: 2444: 2435: 2434: 2427: 2422: 2418: 2413: 2409: 2404: 2400: 2395: 2391: 2386: 2382: 2373: 2372: 2365: 2356: 2355: 2351: 2342: 2341: 2332: 2312: 2308: 2299: 2297: 2293: 2286: 2282: 2281: 2264: 2255: 2240: 2231: 2230: 2217: 2208: 2207: 2192: 2187: 2183: 2172: 2168: 2159: 2157: 2153: 2146: 2142: 2141: 2134: 2125: 2124: 2115: 2110: 2106: 2095: 2088: 2083: 2076: 2071: 2064: 2057:New York Times. 2049:New York Times. 2045: 2041: 2021: 1986: 1977: 1976: 1957: 1952: 1945: 1940: 1936: 1932:Martin, p. xxi. 1931: 1924: 1908: 1907: 1899: 1890: 1882: 1875: 1870: 1866: 1861: 1857: 1852: 1845: 1840: 1836: 1831: 1827: 1822: 1818: 1813: 1809: 1798: 1794: 1790:Botkin, p. 255. 1789: 1785: 1780: 1776: 1771:Wayback Machine 1757: 1750: 1744:Wayback Machine 1735: 1728: 1723: 1716: 1711: 1704: 1695: 1680: 1675: 1652: 1647: 1638: 1633: 1620: 1616:March 24, 2002. 1611: 1607: 1597: 1595: 1585: 1579: 1506: 1501: 1497: 1492: 1479: 1475:March 20, 2005. 1470: 1466: 1457: 1455: 1446: 1445: 1436: 1427: 1425: 1420: 1419: 1415: 1410: 1348: 1273:turkey vultures 1261:sandhill cranes 1205: 1100:smallmouth bass 1074: 1069: 1002: 928:Clean Water Act 910: 890:Stephen Ambrose 858:, which denied 827: 786: 733:Kaplan turbines 708:dam behind it. 673: 660:Leffel turbines 567:when finished. 550:in April 1892; 544: 523:Thomson-Houston 362: 350:survey engineer 279: 252:PPL Corporation 229:in the city of 225:located on the 210:Black Eagle Dam 116: 106: 90: 88: 84: 81: 76: 73: 71: 69: 68: 42:Black Eagle Dam 34: 22:Black Eagle Dam 17: 12: 11: 5: 5911: 5901: 5900: 5895: 5890: 5885: 5880: 5875: 5870: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5850: 5845: 5840: 5823: 5822: 5815: 5813: 5811: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5734: 5731: 5730: 5727:Missouri River 5722: 5721: 5714: 5707: 5699: 5690: 5689: 5675: 5672: 5671: 5669: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5387: 5385: 5379: 5378: 5376: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5298:Columbia Falls 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5269: 5267: 5265:Largest cities 5261: 5260: 5258: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5242: 5237: 5232: 5226: 5224: 5218: 5217: 5215: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5163: 5161: 5157: 5156: 5154: 5153: 5148: 5146:Transportation 5143: 5142: 5141: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5116: 5115: 5114: 5104: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5082:Climate change 5079: 5073: 5071: 5065: 5064: 5056: 5053: 5052: 5041: 5040: 5033: 5026: 5018: 5012: 5011: 5004: 4994: 4986: 4980: 4972: 4971: 4957: 4942: 4941: 4939: 4938:External links 4936: 4935: 4934: 4925: 4918: 4912: 4904: 4897: 4890: 4883: 4876: 4869: 4862: 4853: 4848:Searl, Molly. 4846: 4839: 4832: 4825: 4818: 4811: 4805: 4799: 4793: 4787: 4780: 4777: 4770: 4763: 4756: 4749: 4742: 4735: 4728: 4721: 4714: 4707: 4701: 4683: 4676: 4669: 4662: 4655: 4648: 4641: 4634: 4616: 4609: 4602: 4595: 4588: 4581: 4580:June 12, 1915. 4574: 4558: 4551: 4544: 4537: 4530: 4523: 4516: 4505: 4498: 4491: 4484: 4477: 4470: 4463: 4456: 4446: 4439: 4430: 4423: 4416: 4410: 4400: 4393: 4387: 4381: 4375: 4366: 4363: 4360: 4359: 4325: 4308: 4292: 4275: 4259: 4246: 4236: 4220: 4200: 4178: 4176:June 26, 2005. 4165: 4161:Baltimore Sun. 4140: 4138:June 25, 2010. 4124: 4111: 4094: 4074: 4061: 4045: 4032: 4019: 4010: 4001: 3968: 3956: 3954:March 9, 2011. 3936: 3915: 3902: 3884: 3875: 3859: 3850: 3831: 3818: 3800: 3766: 3744: 3724: 3706: 3703:June 13, 2007. 3691: 3671: 3658: 3645: 3625: 3607: 3594: 3592:June 24, 2006. 3581: 3568: 3548: 3532: 3516: 3498: 3485: 3472: 3454: 3442: 3418: 3394: 3363: 3331: 3313: 3311:June 21, 2010. 3293: 3280: 3278:June 21, 1999. 3264: 3251: 3238: 3236:March 3, 1999. 3225: 3212: 3210:March 4, 1998. 3191: 3169: 3150: 3137: 3115: 3103: 3087: 3071: 3062: 3053: 3044: 3035: 3019: 3010: 3001: 2992: 2983: 2967: 2952: 2916: 2893: 2878: 2863: 2861:June 16, 1997. 2850: 2841: 2832: 2830:June 22, 1975. 2819: 2805: 2796: 2784: 2772: 2760: 2758:June 30, 2003. 2747: 2738: 2724: 2721:April 2, 1926. 2702: 2690: 2674: 2642: 2639:July 25, 1908. 2627: 2614: 2592: 2590:Searl, p. 182. 2578: 2556: 2547: 2511: 2498: 2489: 2476: 2451: 2442: 2425: 2423:Raymer, p. 18. 2416: 2407: 2398: 2389: 2380: 2363: 2349: 2330: 2306: 2262: 2238: 2215: 2190: 2181: 2166: 2132: 2113: 2104: 2086: 2074: 2062: 2059:March 6, 1902. 2039: 1984: 1955: 1943: 1934: 1922: 1888: 1873: 1864: 1862:Vaughn, p. 83. 1855: 1853:Howard, p. 66. 1843: 1834: 1825: 1816: 1807: 1792: 1783: 1774: 1748: 1726: 1714: 1702: 1678: 1650: 1636: 1618: 1605: 1504: 1495: 1477: 1464: 1434: 1412: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1347: 1344: 1285:white pelicans 1277:western grebes 1221:cliff swallows 1204: 1201: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1007:Cascade County 1001: 998: 981:Alvis Stalwart 956:Alvis Stalwart 919:chocolate milk 909: 906: 826: 823: 785: 782: 745:Allis-Chalmers 672: 669: 664:surge chambers 560:blast furnaces 543: 540: 445:C. X. Larrabee 437:copper smelter 397:Marshall Field 361: 358: 323:, among other 278: 275: 227:Missouri River 205: 204: 197: 191: 190: 184: 178: 177: 173: 172: 169: 165: 164: 160: 159: 156: 152: 151: 148: 144: 143: 141:Missouri River 138: 134: 133: 129: 128: 123: 119: 118: 113: 109: 108: 103: 99: 98: 66: 62: 61: 48: 44: 43: 40: 36: 35: 32: 24: 23: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5910: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5835: 5833: 5819: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5783:Fort Peck Dam 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5735: 5732: 5728: 5720: 5715: 5713: 5708: 5706: 5701: 5700: 5697: 5687: 5686: 5673: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5481:Golden Valley 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5388: 5386: 5384: 5380: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5270: 5268: 5266: 5262: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5227: 5225: 5223: 5219: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5164: 5162: 5158: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5140: 5137: 5136: 5135: 5134:State symbols 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5113: 5110: 5109: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5074: 5072: 5070: 5066: 5061: 5060: 5054: 5050: 5046: 5039: 5034: 5032: 5027: 5025: 5020: 5019: 5016: 5009: 5005: 5002: 4998: 4995: 4992: 4991: 4987: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4975: 4969: 4963: 4958: 4955: 4949: 4944: 4933: 4931: 4926: 4923: 4919: 4916: 4913: 4910: 4905: 4902: 4898: 4895: 4891: 4888: 4884: 4881: 4877: 4874: 4870: 4867: 4863: 4861: 4860:October 1908. 4859: 4854: 4851: 4847: 4844: 4840: 4837: 4833: 4830: 4826: 4823: 4819: 4816: 4812: 4809: 4806: 4803: 4800: 4797: 4794: 4791: 4788: 4785: 4781: 4778: 4775: 4771: 4768: 4764: 4761: 4757: 4754: 4750: 4747: 4743: 4740: 4736: 4733: 4729: 4726: 4722: 4719: 4715: 4712: 4708: 4705: 4702: 4698: 4697: 4689: 4684: 4681: 4677: 4674: 4670: 4667: 4663: 4660: 4656: 4653: 4649: 4646: 4642: 4639: 4635: 4631: 4630: 4622: 4617: 4614: 4610: 4607: 4603: 4600: 4596: 4593: 4589: 4586: 4582: 4579: 4575: 4572: 4568: 4565: 4564: 4559: 4556: 4552: 4549: 4545: 4542: 4538: 4535: 4531: 4528: 4524: 4521: 4517: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4503: 4499: 4496: 4492: 4489: 4485: 4482: 4478: 4475: 4471: 4468: 4464: 4461: 4457: 4454: 4451: 4447: 4444: 4440: 4438: 4436: 4431: 4428: 4425:Clary, Jean. 4424: 4421: 4417: 4414: 4411: 4408: 4404: 4401: 4398: 4394: 4391: 4388: 4385: 4382: 4379: 4376: 4373: 4369: 4368: 4349:on 2010-12-17 4345: 4338: 4332: 4330: 4323:May 12, 2004. 4322: 4318: 4312: 4306:May 31, 2003. 4305: 4299: 4297: 4290:June 2, 2005. 4289: 4285: 4279: 4273:June 2, 2004. 4272: 4266: 4264: 4256: 4250: 4240: 4233: 4227: 4225: 4217: 4211: 4209: 4207: 4205: 4198:June 2, 2001. 4197: 4191: 4189: 4187: 4185: 4183: 4175: 4169: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4153:Deseret News. 4150: 4144: 4137: 4131: 4129: 4122:July 8, 2006. 4121: 4115: 4108: 4104: 4098: 4091: 4085: 4083: 4081: 4079: 4071: 4065: 4058: 4052: 4050: 4042: 4036: 4030:June 7, 1999. 4029: 4023: 4014: 4005: 3989: 3985: 3983: 3975: 3973: 3963: 3961: 3953: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3932: 3925: 3919: 3912: 3906: 3899: 3893: 3891: 3889: 3879: 3872: 3866: 3864: 3854: 3847: 3843: 3840: 3835: 3828: 3822: 3816: 3814: 3807: 3805: 3793: 3791: 3783: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3764: 3762: 3755: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3742: 3740: 3733: 3731: 3729: 3720: 3716: 3710: 3704: 3702: 3695: 3688: 3684: 3678: 3676: 3668: 3662: 3655: 3649: 3643: 3641: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3622: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3604: 3598: 3591: 3585: 3578: 3572: 3565: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3546:July 2, 2008. 3545: 3539: 3537: 3529: 3523: 3521: 3514:June 2, 2001. 3513: 3507: 3505: 3503: 3496:May 26, 2001. 3495: 3489: 3482: 3476: 3470:May 25, 2001. 3469: 3463: 3461: 3459: 3451: 3446: 3438: 3431: 3425: 3423: 3414: 3407: 3401: 3399: 3384:on 2010-12-17 3380: 3373: 3367: 3359: 3352: 3346: 3344: 3342: 3340: 3338: 3336: 3328: 3322: 3320: 3318: 3310: 3304: 3302: 3300: 3298: 3290: 3284: 3277: 3271: 3269: 3261: 3255: 3248: 3242: 3235: 3229: 3222: 3216: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3195: 3189:June 3, 2005. 3188: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3176: 3174: 3166: 3162: 3159: 3154: 3147: 3141: 3134: 3128: 3126: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3112: 3107: 3101:340 U.S. 947. 3100: 3096: 3091: 3084: 3078: 3076: 3066: 3057: 3051:Plum, p. 398. 3048: 3039: 3032: 3026: 3024: 3014: 3005: 2996: 2987: 2980: 2976: 2971: 2963: 2956: 2949: 2947: 2942: 2940: 2935: 2933: 2928: 2927:1883, p. 1340 2926: 2920: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2904: 2897: 2891: 2889: 2882: 2874: 2867: 2860: 2854: 2845: 2836: 2829: 2823: 2814: 2812: 2810: 2800: 2791: 2789: 2779: 2777: 2767: 2765: 2757: 2751: 2742: 2734: 2728: 2722: 2720: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2700: 2694: 2688:1999, p. 137. 2687: 2681: 2679: 2662: 2661: 2653: 2646: 2640: 2638: 2631: 2624: 2618: 2612:June 5, 2001. 2611: 2605: 2603: 2601: 2599: 2597: 2587: 2585: 2583: 2575: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2561: 2551: 2545:June 8, 2008. 2544: 2538: 2536: 2534: 2532: 2530: 2528: 2526: 2524: 2522: 2520: 2518: 2516: 2508: 2502: 2493: 2486: 2480: 2474:1996, p. 478. 2473: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2455: 2446: 2438: 2432: 2430: 2420: 2411: 2402: 2393: 2384: 2376: 2370: 2368: 2359: 2353: 2345: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2318: 2310: 2296:on 2010-12-17 2292: 2285: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2259: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2234: 2228: 2226: 2224: 2222: 2220: 2211: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2197: 2195: 2185: 2177: 2170: 2156:on 2010-12-17 2152: 2145: 2139: 2137: 2128: 2122: 2120: 2118: 2108: 2100: 2093: 2091: 2081: 2079: 2069: 2067: 2060: 2058: 2052: 2051:July 23, 1887 2050: 2043: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2027: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2013: 2011: 2009: 2007: 2005: 2003: 2001: 1999: 1997: 1995: 1993: 1991: 1989: 1980: 1974: 1972: 1970: 1968: 1966: 1964: 1962: 1960: 1950: 1948: 1938: 1929: 1927: 1918: 1912: 1904: 1897: 1895: 1893: 1885: 1880: 1878: 1868: 1859: 1850: 1848: 1838: 1829: 1820: 1811: 1803: 1796: 1787: 1778: 1772: 1768: 1765: 1761: 1755: 1753: 1745: 1741: 1738: 1733: 1731: 1721: 1719: 1709: 1707: 1699: 1693: 1691: 1689: 1687: 1685: 1683: 1673: 1671: 1669: 1667: 1665: 1663: 1661: 1659: 1657: 1655: 1645: 1643: 1641: 1631: 1629: 1627: 1625: 1623: 1615: 1609: 1593: 1592: 1584: 1577: 1575: 1573: 1571: 1569: 1567: 1565: 1563: 1561: 1559: 1557: 1555: 1553: 1551: 1549: 1547: 1545: 1543: 1541: 1539: 1537: 1535: 1533: 1531: 1529: 1527: 1525: 1523: 1521: 1519: 1517: 1515: 1513: 1511: 1509: 1499: 1490: 1488: 1486: 1484: 1482: 1474: 1468: 1454:on 2011-07-20 1453: 1449: 1443: 1441: 1439: 1423: 1422:"Black Eagle" 1417: 1413: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1394: 1389: 1385: 1379: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1356: 1352: 1343: 1341: 1337: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1241:gray catbirds 1238: 1234: 1233:golden eagles 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1200: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1140: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1112: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1098: 1094: 1093:Rainbow trout 1090: 1082: 1078: 1064: 1060: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1040: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1016: 1012: 1008: 997: 995: 989: 986: 982: 978: 974: 970: 969:bowling balls 966: 957: 952: 948: 946: 945:Giant Springs 942: 938: 932: 929: 925: 920: 915: 905: 903: 898: 893: 891: 886: 884: 878: 876: 870: 867: 865: 861: 857: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 831: 822: 820: 815: 811: 806: 801: 799: 795: 791: 784:The Long Pool 781: 778: 774: 770: 764: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 724: 720: 717: 715: 709: 705: 702: 697: 694: 690: 686: 682: 678: 677:Rainbow Falls 668: 665: 661: 656: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 617: 615: 611: 606: 605:railroad cars 600: 597: 593: 589: 585: 576: 572: 568: 566: 561: 557: 553: 549: 539: 537: 533: 529: 524: 520: 512: 508: 506: 502: 497: 494: 492: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 462: 458: 454: 448: 446: 442: 438: 433: 431: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 381:James J. Hill 379: 376: 366: 357: 355: 351: 347: 343: 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 313: 310: 306: 302: 298: 295: 290: 288: 284: 274: 272: 269:The dam is a 267: 265: 261: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 236: 232: 228: 224: 221: 218: 215: 214:hydroelectric 211: 202: 198: 196: 192: 189: 185: 183: 179: 176:Power Station 174: 170: 166: 161: 157: 153: 149: 145: 142: 139: 135: 130: 127: 124: 120: 114: 110: 104: 100: 95: 67: 63: 60: 56: 52: 49: 45: 41: 39:Official name 37: 30: 25: 20: 5898:Gravity dams 5798:Big Bend Dam 5788:Garrison Dam 5768:Cochrane Dam 5757: 5725:Dams on the 5676: 5576:Powder River 5501:Judith Basin 5235:The Flathead 5187:Demographics 5112:bibliography 5057: 4989: 4954:Water portal 4929: 4921: 4914: 4907: 4900: 4893: 4886: 4879: 4872: 4865: 4857: 4849: 4842: 4835: 4828: 4821: 4814: 4807: 4801: 4795: 4789: 4783: 4773: 4767:Great Falls. 4766: 4759: 4752: 4745: 4738: 4731: 4724: 4717: 4710: 4703: 4694: 4679: 4672: 4665: 4658: 4651: 4644: 4637: 4627: 4612: 4605: 4598: 4591: 4584: 4577: 4562: 4554: 4553:Hall, J. H. 4547: 4540: 4533: 4526: 4519: 4512: 4508: 4501: 4494: 4487: 4480: 4473: 4466: 4459: 4452: 4442: 4434: 4426: 4419: 4406: 4396: 4383: 4377: 4371: 4365:Bibliography 4351:. Retrieved 4344:the original 4320: 4316: 4311: 4303: 4287: 4283: 4278: 4270: 4254: 4249: 4239: 4231: 4215: 4195: 4173: 4168: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4143: 4135: 4119: 4114: 4106: 4102: 4097: 4089: 4069: 4064: 4056: 4040: 4035: 4027: 4022: 4013: 4004: 3992:. Retrieved 3988:the original 3981: 3951: 3931:cwaic.mt.gov 3930: 3918: 3910: 3905: 3897: 3878: 3870: 3853: 3834: 3826: 3821: 3812: 3789: 3760: 3738: 3718: 3709: 3700: 3694: 3686: 3682: 3666: 3661: 3653: 3648: 3639: 3620: 3602: 3597: 3589: 3584: 3576: 3571: 3563: 3543: 3527: 3511: 3493: 3488: 3480: 3475: 3467: 3445: 3436: 3413:cwaic.mt.gov 3412: 3386:. Retrieved 3379:the original 3366: 3358:cwaic.mt.gov 3357: 3326: 3308: 3288: 3287:"The Edge." 3283: 3275: 3259: 3254: 3246: 3241: 3233: 3228: 3220: 3215: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3194: 3186: 3153: 3145: 3140: 3132: 3110: 3106: 3099:cert. den'd. 3098: 3094: 3090: 3082: 3065: 3056: 3047: 3038: 3030: 3013: 3004: 2995: 2986: 2970: 2955: 2945: 2938: 2931: 2924: 2919: 2911: 2902: 2896: 2887: 2881: 2866: 2858: 2853: 2844: 2835: 2827: 2822: 2799: 2755: 2750: 2741: 2727: 2718: 2693: 2685: 2667:February 12, 2665:. Retrieved 2658: 2645: 2636: 2630: 2622: 2617: 2609: 2573: 2550: 2542: 2506: 2501: 2492: 2484: 2479: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2454: 2445: 2419: 2410: 2401: 2392: 2383: 2352: 2325: 2316: 2309: 2298:. Retrieved 2291:the original 2260:May 7, 1999. 2257: 2184: 2169: 2158:. Retrieved 2151:the original 2107: 2072:Hyde, p. 86. 2056: 2048: 2042: 2034: 2025: 1937: 1883: 1867: 1858: 1837: 1828: 1819: 1810: 1795: 1786: 1777: 1697: 1613: 1608: 1598:February 12, 1596:. Retrieved 1589: 1498: 1472: 1467: 1456:. Retrieved 1452:the original 1426:. Retrieved 1416: 1402: 1398: 1380: 1360: 1333: 1330: 1313:river otters 1269:tundra swans 1225:eared grebes 1217:Canada geese 1206: 1199:, and zinc. 1171:, chromium, 1152:heavy metals 1141: 1113: 1086: 1061: 1056: 1041: 1020: 1014: 1003: 990: 961: 937:Memorial Day 933: 911: 894: 887: 879: 871: 868: 850: 832: 828: 802: 787: 765: 761:transformers 729: 718: 710: 706: 698: 689:Cochrane Dam 674: 657: 621:John D. Ryan 618: 601: 581: 569: 545: 521: 517: 498: 495: 470:Scandinavian 449: 434: 425:water rights 421:Paris Gibson 371: 314: 297:unconformity 291: 280: 268: 209: 208: 199:142,590,000 5763:Rainbow Dam 5666:Yellowstone 5631:Sweet Grass 5551:Musselshell 5313:Great Falls 5255:Yellowstone 5212:LGBT rights 4536:March 1909. 4529:April 1893. 1245:house wrens 1209:bald eagles 1187:, mercury, 1157:Fort Benton 1146:(EPA) as a 1097:fly fishing 924:Rainbow Dam 681:Rainbow Dam 653:water wheel 614:parking lot 491:Flashboards 482:Black Eagle 461:Coffer dams 122:Operator(s) 89: / 77:111°15′47″W 65:Coordinates 51:Great Falls 5832:Categories 5778:Morony Dam 5753:Holter Dam 5748:Hauser Dam 5738:Toston Dam 5626:Stillwater 5621:Silver Bow 5446:Deer Lodge 5406:Broadwater 5391:Beaverhead 5353:Miles City 5348:Livingston 5097:Government 4909:1864-1900. 4755:July 1892. 4511:Part VII. 4437:July 1912. 4353:2011-04-12 4157:USA Today. 3388:2011-04-12 2859:USA Today. 2300:2011-04-12 2160:2011-04-12 1458:2011-04-12 1428:2018-04-26 1336:Morony Dam 1265:snow geese 1030:seeking a 965:boat docks 860:certiorari 649:horsepower 637:Holter Dam 584:Hauser Dam 552:converters 74:47°31′11″N 5656:Wheatland 5601:Roosevelt 5561:Petroleum 5496:Jefferson 5373:Whitefish 5343:Lewistown 5333:Kalispell 5197:Education 5102:Governors 5092:Geography 5062:(capital) 4817:May 1898. 4673:Anaconda. 3994:April 12, 1408:Footnotes 1393:boathouse 1371:Luminaria 1305:mule deer 1185:manganese 1148:Superfund 1129:turbidity 941:Labor Day 914:Sun River 819:Sun River 798:acre-feet 794:acre-feet 790:acre-feet 769:Swift Dam 741:governors 588:steel dam 532:funicular 505:penstocks 486:sandstone 309:sandstone 294:fall line 264:acre-feet 260:acre-feet 244:megawatts 171:Long Pool 163:Reservoir 5793:Oahe Dam 5773:Ryan Dam 5646:Treasure 5616:Sheridan 5596:Richland 5566:Phillips 5546:Missoula 5471:Garfield 5466:Gallatin 5461:Flathead 5426:Chouteau 5396:Big Horn 5383:Counties 5358:Missoula 5318:Hamilton 5308:Glendive 5283:Billings 5278:Belgrade 5273:Anaconda 5207:Politics 5202:Gun laws 5172:Cannabis 5167:Abortion 4901:Montana. 4824:No date. 4567:Archived 4555:Montana. 3842:Archived 3161:Archived 2460:Montana, 1911:cite web 1767:Archived 1740:Archived 1367:kayaking 1363:canoeing 1309:muskrats 1179:, iron, 1161:antimony 1137:salmonid 1125:selenium 1117:chromium 1036:preempts 977:hot tubs 757:exciters 685:Ryan Dam 671:1926 dam 631:and the 596:wing dam 375:Railroad 360:1890 dam 352:for the 346:Soolkiln 319:and the 240:turbines 137:Impounds 47:Location 5611:Sanders 5606:Rosebud 5591:Ravalli 5586:Prairie 5571:Pondera 5541:Mineral 5536:Meagher 5526:Madison 5521:Lincoln 5516:Liberty 5486:Granite 5476:Glacier 5436:Daniels 5421:Cascade 5288:Bozeman 5222:Regions 5192:Economy 5182:Culture 5160:Society 5107:History 5049:Montana 3719:Findlaw 2684:Clary, 2212:. 1893. 1886:p. 381. 1321:red oak 1301:beavers 1297:warbler 1253:ospreys 1169:cadmium 1165:arsenic 1121:mercury 1104:walleye 1081:Walleye 805:Cascade 378:magnate 331:of the 299:in the 287:Montana 217:gravity 168:Creates 55:Montana 5661:Wibaux 5651:Valley 5581:Powell 5531:McCone 5456:Fergus 5451:Fallon 5441:Dawson 5431:Custer 5416:Carter 5411:Carbon 5401:Blaine 5368:Sidney 5363:Polson 5338:Laurel 5328:Helena 5303:Dillon 5129:Sports 5119:People 5069:Topics 5059:Helena 3437:US EPA 2948:p. 645 2941:p. 484 2934:p. 406 2458:Hall, 1315:, and 1295:, and 1249:ibises 1229:egrets 1197:sodium 1193:silver 1189:nickel 1177:copper 1173:cobalt 1123:, and 973:canoes 476:, and 474:Slovak 439:. The 317:Mandan 203:(2009) 155:Length 147:Height 5641:Toole 5636:Teton 5323:Havre 5293:Butte 5177:Crime 5077:Index 5045:State 4691:(PDF) 4624:(PDF) 4613:Dams. 4347:(PDF) 4340:(PDF) 3927:(PDF) 3795:(PDF) 3433:(PDF) 3409:(PDF) 3382:(PDF) 3375:(PDF) 3354:(PDF) 2655:(PDF) 2464:Dams, 2294:(PDF) 2287:(PDF) 2154:(PDF) 2147:(PDF) 1758:"The 1586:(PDF) 1108:trout 629:Butte 478:Welsh 466:Croat 212:is a 5556:Park 5506:Lake 5491:Hill 3996:2011 2669:2022 1917:link 1760:FERC 1600:2022 1289:duck 1181:lead 1102:and 1043:the 939:and 883:ARCO 714:ogee 693:zinc 453:head 415:and 315:The 220:weir 59:U.S. 5047:of 2908:256 1293:owl 954:An 749:kVA 627:in 586:—a 344:or 223:dam 201:KWh 186:18 5834:: 4693:. 4626:. 4328:^ 4295:^ 4262:^ 4223:^ 4203:^ 4181:^ 4127:^ 4077:^ 4048:^ 3971:^ 3959:^ 3939:^ 3929:. 3887:^ 3862:^ 3803:^ 3769:^ 3747:^ 3727:^ 3717:. 3674:^ 3628:^ 3610:^ 3551:^ 3535:^ 3519:^ 3501:^ 3457:^ 3435:. 3421:^ 3411:. 3397:^ 3356:. 3334:^ 3316:^ 3296:^ 3267:^ 3172:^ 3118:^ 3074:^ 3022:^ 2977:; 2943:; 2936:; 2929:; 2808:^ 2787:^ 2775:^ 2763:^ 2705:^ 2677:^ 2657:. 2595:^ 2581:^ 2559:^ 2514:^ 2428:^ 2366:^ 2333:^ 2322:66 2265:^ 2241:^ 2218:^ 2193:^ 2135:^ 2116:^ 2089:^ 2077:^ 2065:^ 2053:; 2031:58 1987:^ 1958:^ 1946:^ 1925:^ 1913:}} 1909:{{ 1891:^ 1876:^ 1846:^ 1751:^ 1729:^ 1717:^ 1705:^ 1681:^ 1653:^ 1639:^ 1621:^ 1588:. 1507:^ 1480:^ 1437:^ 1328:. 1311:, 1307:, 1303:, 1291:, 1283:, 1279:, 1275:, 1271:, 1267:, 1263:, 1259:, 1255:, 1251:, 1247:, 1243:, 1239:, 1235:, 1231:, 1227:, 1223:, 1219:, 1215:, 1211:, 1195:, 1191:, 1183:, 1175:, 1167:, 1163:, 1119:, 975:, 971:, 967:, 753:DC 751:. 472:, 468:, 411:, 407:, 403:, 399:, 395:, 391:, 188:MW 57:, 53:, 5718:e 5711:t 5704:v 5037:e 5030:t 5023:v 4356:. 3998:. 3933:. 3797:. 3788:" 3721:. 3439:. 3415:. 3391:. 3360:. 2981:. 2950:. 2671:. 2303:. 2163:. 1919:) 1602:. 1461:. 1431:. 679:(

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