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2952:, eventually collecting a ransom of $ 1 million and diverting the plane, after passengers were released, to Algeria. The authorities there seized the ransom but allowed the group to flee. Four were eventually caught by French authorities in Paris, where they were convicted of various crimes, but oneâGeorge Wrightâremained a fugitive until September 26, 2011, when he was captured in Portugal. After being accused of murdering a prostitute in 1974, Huey Newton fled to Cuba.
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was beaten and tortured during her incarceration in a number of different federal and state prisons. The charges ranged from kidnapping to assault and battery to bank robbery. Assata Shakur was found guilty of the murder of both
Foerster and her companion Zayd Shakur, but escaped prison in 1979 and eventually fled to Cuba and received political asylum. Acoli was convicted of killing Foerster and sentenced to life in prison.
2731:
7576:
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2968:. From March 1975 to December 1977, the Brigade robbed at least seven banks and detonated about 20 pipe bombsâmainly targeting government buildings, electric power facilities, Safeway stores, and companies accused of racism. In 1977, Newton returned from exile in Cuba. Shortly afterward, Elaine Brown resigned from the party and fled to Los Angeles. The Party fell apart, leaving only a few members.
233:
2687:; among other things, he cited his interest in working with civil rights leaders, saying that Muhammad had prevented him from doing so. Later, Malcolm X also said Muhammad had engaged in extramarital affairs with young Nation secretariesâ—âa serious violation of the group's teachings. On February 21, 1965, Malcolm X was shot and killed while speaking at the
2945:, California. On January 27, the Black Liberation Army assassinated police officers Gregory Foster and Rocco Laurie in New York City. After the killings, a note sent to authorities portrayed the murders as a retaliation for the prisoner deaths during 1971 Attica prison riot. To date no arrests have been made. On July 31, five armed BLA members
2751:, Malcolm X's widow and keynote speaker at a conference held in his honor. By 1967, the SNCC began to fall apart due to policy disputes in its leadership, and many members left for the Black Panthers. Throughout 1967, the Panthers staged rallies and disrupted the California State Assembly with armed marchers. In 1956 the
3094:
called for "education for our people that exposes the true nature of this decadent
American society. We want education that teaches us our true history and our role in the present day society." This sentiment was echoed in many of the other black power organizations; the inadequacy of black education
2767:
By 1968, many Black
Panther leaders had been arrested, including founder Huey Newton for the murder of a police officer (Newton's prosecution was eventually dismissed), yet membership surged. Black Panthers later engaged the police in a firefight in a Los Angeles gas station. In the same year, Martin
2706:
in 1965, the
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee decided to cut ties with the mainstream civil rights movement. They argued that blacks needed to build power of their own, rather than seek accommodations from the power structure in place. SNCC migrated from a philosophy of nonviolence to one of
2974:
developed in
Philadelphia in 1972 as the "Christian Movement for Life", a communal living group based on Black Liberation principles. When police raided their house in 1978, a firefight broke out; during the shootout, one officer was killed, seven other police officers, five firefighters, three MOVE
2990:
were said to have opened fire on state troopers in New Jersey after being pulled over for a broken taillight. Zayd Shakur and state trooper Werner
Foerster were both killed during the exchange. Following her capture, Assata Shakur was tried in six different criminal trials. According to Shakur, she
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led to two factions within the party; the conflict turned violent and four people were killed in a series of assassinations. On May 21, 1971, five Black
Liberation Army members participated in the shootings of two New York City police officers, Joseph Piagentini and Waverly Jones. Those brought to
3110:
With this backdrop, Stokely
Carmichael brought political education into his work with SNCC in the rural South. This included get-out-the-vote campaigns and political literacy. Bobby Seale and Huey Newton used education to address the lack of identity in the black community. Seale had worked with
3833:
Estimates of the Black Muslim membership vary from a quarter of a million down to fifty thousand. Available evidence indicates that about one hundred thousand
Negroes have joined the movement at one time or another, but few objective observers believe that the Black Muslims can muster more than
2664:, especially with respect to Japan, believing in a unity between non-white peoples. Kevin Gaines has argued that in the 1950s, an early version of the Black Power movement was restrained due to Cold War tensions. This was done through methods like the restriction of passports. Figures such as
3119:
Just as black power activists focused on community control of schools and politics, the movement took a major interest in creating and controlling its own media institutions. Most famously, the Black
Panther Party produced the Black Panther newspaper, which proved to be one of the BPP's most
2856:
to continue a violent revolution rather than the party's new reform movements. On October 22, 1970, the Black Liberation Army is believed to have planted a bomb in St. Brendan's Church in San Francisco while it was full of mourners attending the funeral of San Francisco police officer Harold
2695:, New York City. Three Nation members were convicted of assassinating him. Despite this, there has long been speculation and suspicion of government involvement. The forty police officers at the scene were instructed to "stand down" by their commanding officers while the shooting took place.
3054:. Police recovered more than 100 blasting caps, nearly 200 sticks of dynamite, more than 100 cartridges of gel explosive, and 24 bags of blasting agent from the warehouse. The M19CO alliance's last bombing was on February 23, 1985, at the Policemen's Benevolent Association in New York City.
2811:
By 1969, the Black Panthers began purging members due to fear of law enforcement infiltration, engaged in multiple gunfights with police and one with a black nationalist organization. The Panthers continued their "Free Huey" campaign internationally. In the spirit of rising militancy, the
2742:
to protect party members and local black communities from law enforcement. Party members also recorded incidents of police brutality by distantly following police cars around neighborhoods. Numbers grew slightly starting in February 1967, when the party provided an armed escort at the
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is largely credited with the group's dramatic increase in membership between the early 1950s and early 1960s (from 500 to 25,000 by one estimate; from 1,200 to 50,000 or 75,000 by another). In March 1964, Malcolm X left the Nation due to disagreements with
3123:
WAFR was launched in September 1971 as the first public, community-based black radio station. The Durham, North Carolina, station broadcast until 1976, but influenced later activist radio stations including WPFW in Washington, D.C., and WRFG in Atlanta.
3196:
saw it as the need for Aboriginal people to "take control both of the economical, the political and cultural resources of the people and of the landâŠso that they themselves have got the power to determine their own future". Activist and later academic
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canisters at the building. MOVE members shot at the police, who returned fire with automatic weapons. The police then bombed the house, killing several adults and children, and causing a large fire that destroyed the better part of a city block.
3042:, left a guard and two police officers dead. Boudin and Gilbert, along with several BLA members, were subsequently arrested. M19CO engaged in a bombing campaign in the 1980s. They targeted a series of government and commercial buildings,
2759:
to investigate black nationalist groups and others. By 1969, the Black Panthers and their allies had become primary COINTELPRO targets, singled out in 233 of the 295 authorized "black nationalist" COINTELPRO actions. In 1968, the
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defined Australian black power as "The power generated by people who seek to identify their own problems and those of the community as a whole, and who strive to take action in all possible forms to solve those problems", while
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to give a talk on black power in Melbourne in 1968, causing a media frenzy. The AAL was influenced by the ideas of Malcolm X and Stokely Carmichael. The Australian "black power movement" had emerged in
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Over the 1980s the black power movement continued despite a decline in its popularity and organization memberships. The Black Liberation Army was active in the US until at least 1981 when a
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youth in an after-school program before starting the Panthers. Through this new education and identity building, they believed they could empower black Americans to claim their freedom.
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of the United States, reacting against its more moderate, mainstream, or incremental tendencies and motivated by a desire for safety and self-sufficiency that was not available inside
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2912:. Sinclair was released two days later. On August 29, three BLA members murdered San Francisco police sergeant John Victor Young at his police station. Two days later, the
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gang members as an attempt to recreate the Black Panther Party in 1996. The group has spread, creating chapters in cities across the United States, and frequently staging
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3061:, arrived with arrest warrants and attempted to clear the MOVE building and arrest the indicted MOVE members. This led to an armed standoff with police, who lobbed
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3002:, or M19CO. It also included members of the Black Panthers and the Republic of New Africa. In 1979 three M19CO members walked into the visitor's center at the
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were part of this and some, including Mayfield, felt forced to emigrate the United States and continue their activism elsewhere, with Mayfield going to Ghana.
1113:
2567:, coupled with the urban riots of 1964 and 1965, ignited the movement. New organizations that supported Black Power philosophies ranging from the adoption of
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Gaines, Kelly (2000). "From Black Power to Civil Rights: Julian Mayfield and African Expatriates in Nkrumah's Ghana, 1957â1966". In Appy, Christian (ed.).
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Gaines, Kelly (2000). "From Black Power to Civil Rights: Julian Mayfield and African Expatriates in Nkrumah's Ghana, 1957â1966". In Appy, Christian (ed.).
3602:
Gaines, Kelly (2000). "From Black Power to Civil Rights: Julian Mayfield and African Expatriates in Nkrumah's Ghana, 1957â1966". In Appy, Christian (ed.).
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The movement was partially inspired by ideologies and individuals who were outside of the United States, such as American expatriates in newly independent
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later wrote that in Australia, black power "was essentially about the necessity for Black people to define the world in their own terms, and to seek
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founded the Black Panther Party. In formulating a new politics, they drew on their experiences working with a variety of black power organizations.
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In 1970 the Honorary Prime Minister of the Black Panther Party, Stokely Carmichael, traveled to various countries to discuss methods to resist "
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The police said late Friday that an admitted drug dealer had acknowledged killing Huey P. Newton, co-founder of the Black Panther Party
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received a letter signed by the BLA claiming responsibility for the attack. Late in the year Huey Newton visited China for meetings on
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in which many Afro-Trinidadians forced the government of Trinidad to give into reforms. Later many Panthers visited Algeria to discuss
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4524:"Coast Inquiries Pick Panthers As Target; Murder, Attempted Murders and Financing of Poverty Programs Under Oakland Investigation"
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4585:. Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education: Center for Human Reliability Studies ORISE 01-0439. p. 1.
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was founded, a separatist group seeking a black country in the southern United States, only to dissolve by the early 1970s.
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attempted to escape from prison in August, killing seven hostages only to be killed himself. Jackson's death triggered the
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3274:, African American Defense League, and the New Black Liberation Militia, all staging armed marches and military training.
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MOVE had relocated to West Philadelphia after the earlier shootout. On May 13, 1985, the police, along with city manager
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The Voices of Guns: The Definitive and Dramatic Story of the Twenty-two-month Career of the Symbionese Liberation Army
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Seale, 1970, part I; Newton, 1973, parts 2â3; Bloom and Martin, 2013, chapter 1; Murch, 2010, part II and chapter 5.
2637:(later known as Kwame Ture) and Willie Ricks (later known as Mukasa Dada), both organizers and spokespeople for the
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3010:, New Jersey. They took two guards hostage and freed Shakur. Several months later M19CO arranged for the escape of
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2012:
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Trometter, Alyssa L. (1 April 2015). "Malcolm X and the Aboriginal Black Power Movement in Australia, 1967â1972".
4610:
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By the late 1960s, black power came to represent the demand for more immediate violent action to counter American
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LEFT-WING EXTREMISM: The Current Threat Prepared for U.S. Department of Energy Office of Safeguards and Security
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In 1971, several Panther officials fled the U.S. due to police concerns. This was the only active year of the
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greater militancy after the mid-1960s. The organization established ties with radical groups such as the
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30:
This article is about the 20th century American social movement. For other uses and related terms, see
4234:. A joint effort by Case Western University and the Western Reserve Historical Society. March 27, 1998
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National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and the Responses to Terrorism, DHS (March 1, 2008).
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in 1965. There was a small group of people at the centre of the movement known as the Black Caucus.
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2888:. In February 1971, ideological splits within the Black Panther Party between leaders Newton and
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formed. In the same year on August 22, Huey P. Newton was fatally shot outside by 24-year-old
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in New York City, where he was recovering after a bomb he was building exploded in his hands.
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and its views are widely seen as the cornerstone. It was influenced by philosophies such as
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1972 was the year Newton shut down many Black Panther chapters and held a party meeting in
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When the Word Is Given: A Report on Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm X, and the Black Muslim World
8:
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Deutsch, Nathaniel (2001). "'The Asiatic Black Man': An African American Orientalism?".
2649:, Carmichael led the marchers in a chant for black power that was televised nationally.
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which was later ended in a bloody siege. On November 3, Officer James R. Greene of the
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Media and the Movement: Journalism, Civil Rights and Black Power in the American South
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After the 1970s the black power movement saw a decline, but not an end. In 1998, the
3170:
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The first popular use of the term "black power" as a social and racial slogan was by
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Up Against the Wall: Violence in the Making and Unmaking of the Black Panther Party
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Body and Soul: The Black Panther Party and the Fight Against Medical Discrimination
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Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL)
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A View from the East: Black Cultural Nationalism and Education in New York City
4849:
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A View from the East: Black Cultural Nationalism and Education in New York City
3359:
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1519:
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358:
323:
27:
African-American social, political & cultural movement in the United States
10272:
4171:
2861:. The bomb was detonated, but no one in the church suffered serious injuries.
11440:
11297:
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6323:
6313:
6273:
6223:
6098:
6023:
5993:
5112:
Class, Race, and Worker Insurgency: The League of Revolutionary Black Workers
4895:
4617:
National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and the Responses to Terrorism
4305:
Waiting 'Til the Midnight Hour: A Narrative History of Black Power in America
3100:
2983:
2909:
2793:
2748:
2744:
2660:
movement in the 1930s, inspiring later groups. It was strongly influenced by
2435:
2430:
599:
544:
4835:
4227:
3522:
3120:
influential tools for disseminating its message and recruiting new members.
56:
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6173:
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6128:
6123:
6113:
6073:
6028:
5998:
5381:
3828:
3749:
3251:
3035:
2964:
In the late 1970s a rebel group named after the killed prisoner formed the
2953:
2858:
2833:
2817:
2792:, a group of whites dedicated to the cause of the Black Panthers. Founders
2669:
2661:
1919:
1731:
1459:
1322:
788:
773:
569:
554:
539:
308:
3803:
Cold War Constructions: The Political Culture of United States Imperialism
3773:
Cold War Constructions: The Political Culture of United States Imperialism
3604:
Cold War Constructions: The Political Culture of United States Imperialism
11420:
11343:
10940:
10785:
10760:
10302:
10125:
10038:
9781:
9676:
8794:
8779:
8627:
8590:
8429:
8384:
8369:
8134:
8129:
7976:
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7128:
7092:
7033:
7028:
6988:
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6873:
6868:
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6653:
6593:
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6428:
6423:
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6168:
6138:
6078:
6043:
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1594:
1474:
1258:
589:
579:
338:
272:
224:
113:
3050:
and Timothy Blunk, were arrested at a mini-warehouse they had rented in
2897:, Albert Washington, Francisco Torres, Gabriel Torres, and Herman Bell.
2857:
Hamilton, who had been killed in the line of duty while responding to a
2852:
and anti-imperialism. In the same year former Black Panthers formed the
11373:
10845:
10607:
10587:
10267:
10084:
10074:
10018:
9932:
9851:
9766:
8329:
8314:
8284:
8279:
8028:
7996:
7835:
7803:
7155:
6813:
6743:
6713:
6583:
6558:
6503:
6403:
6018:
5988:
5132:
5050:
4971:"Workers World Nov. 25, 1999: Black Riders show resistance is possible"
4949:
4920:
4479:"Man who escaped from N.J. prison 41 years ago is captured in Portugal"
3223:
3198:
2800:
were arrested, but eventually freed, in connection to the bombing of a
2788:, which was followed by rioting. The year also marked the start of the
2756:
1190:
929:
748:
639:
629:
129:
11148:
9624:
8665:
Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH)
4337:"Ex-militants charged in S.F. police officer's '71 slaying at station"
3205:
and independence on their own terms, without white interference". The
2730:
11358:
10802:
10155:
8943:
8789:
8294:
8078:
8016:
7911:
7133:
6603:
6588:
5149:
3444:"Black-Owned Bookstores: Anchors of the Black Power Movement â AAIHS"
3145:
2873:
2781:
2679:
2603:
2587:
2568:
2556:
2522:
2415:
1756:
1489:
1268:
1095:
768:
738:
713:
619:
594:
7590:
3690:
Bloody Lowndes: Civil Rights and Black Power in Alabama's Black Belt
2540:. It also impacted others outside of the United States, such as the
11378:
10981:
10960:
9416:
9411:
8921:
6493:
5003:
4590:
3805:. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press. pp. 257â270.
3402:
3193:
3157:
3141:
3062:
1801:
1726:
1719:
753:
743:
8680:
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
3775:. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press. pp. 257â70.
3606:. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press. pp. 257â70.
8033:
7082:
4383:
3715:
3034:, conducted with support from former Weather Underground members
2942:
1889:
1195:
267:
3788:
Rising Wind: Black Americans and U.S. Foreign Affairs, 1935â1960
2844:". In Trinidad, the black power Movement had escalated into the
11363:
11257:
10945:
8867:
7150:
3243:
3137:
2919:
1796:
4380:
Revolutionary Suicide Penguin classics Delux Edition" page 352
3548:"The Black Power movement and its schools | Cornell Chronicle"
2784:, Ohio, the "Republic of New Libya" engaged the police in the
2525:
African American neighborhoods. Black power activists founded
8679:
5885:
4448:"The Untold Story Behind New York's Most Brutal Cop Killings"
3247:
2537:
1569:
4228:"Glenville Shootout â The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History"
4172:"COINTELPRO | United States government program | Britannica"
8724:
5088:
Black Power: Radical Politics and African American Identity
4501:
Autobiography As Activism: Three Black Women of the Sixties
4493:
1599:
11114:
Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War
10866:
Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War
10704:
5049:
Movement for Black Lives. Retrieved August 20, 2022, from
4062:"Quotes: Half a century after his death, Malcolm X speaks"
3281:
to the black power movement, noting its similarities. The
2956:
became party leader and embarked on an election campaign.
2934:
was shot and killed in his patrol van at a gas station by
3647:"Malcolm X: From Nation of Islam to Black Power Movement"
3069:
In 1989, well into the waning years of the movement, the
2752:
4613:"Terrorist Organization Profile: May 19 Communist Order"
2734:
Black Panther Party members marching and carrying flags.
7335:
Spring Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam
7113:"Woke Up This Morning (With My Mind Stayed On Freedom)"
4503:, Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2000, p. 5.
232:
119:
Establishment of Black-operated services and businesses
7359:
African American founding fathers of the United States
5712:
Chicago Freedom Movement/Chicago open housing movement
5577:
John F. Kennedy's speech to the nation on Civil Rights
3398:
History of the socialist movement in the United States
5184:
4280:"Speech on the League of Revolutionary Black Workers"
3136:
activists from the late 1960s onwards, especially in
3016:
Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional Puertorriqueña
4721:"Police Drop Bomb on Radicals' Home in Philadelphia"
4668:
The Time of the City: Politics, Philosophy and Genre
4397:. Bangor, Maine. UPI. August 23, 1971. pp. 1, 3
3909:
Malcolm: The Life of a Man Who Changed Black America
3834:
twenty or twenty-five thousand active temple people.
3625:
Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History
3349:
7407:
Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley National Monument
4142:"SNCC Has Lost Much of Its Power to Black Panthers"
3498:
Far Left of Center: The American Radical Left Today
2392:
Unarmed African Americans killed by police officers
4813:Black Power: the Politics of Liberation in America
4087:"Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)"
4034:
4006:
3877:
3790:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
3615:
3613:
2959:
4391:"Attempted Escape At San Quentin Leaves Six Dead"
3270:black power paramilitaries formed, including the
3046:. On November 3, 1984, two members of the M19CO,
2975:members, and three bystanders were also injured.
2868:, a group that bombed the New York South African
11438:
10643:Revolutionary People's Constitutional Convention
8715:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
5943:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
5000:"Republicans Push For New Black Panther Hearing"
4358:, Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 1980, p. 258.
3288:
8760:Black players in professional American football
8710:Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
5933:Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
5866:Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights
5757:Green v. County School Board of New Kent County
5105:Radical Caribbean: From Black Power to Abu Bakr
4714:
4712:
4356:Transnational Terrorism: a chronology of events
3823:. Cleveland: World Publishing. pp. 15â16.
3610:
3262:at a polling station in a predominantly black,
2725:
2606:, as well as contemporary events including the
2590:influenced the early black power movement, the
10490:The Black Panthers: Vanguard of the Revolution
7412:Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home National Monument
4692:"1985 bombing in Philadelphia still unsettled"
4661:
4659:
4131:, May 15, 1967, p. 3; Bloom and Martin, 71â72.
3686:
2922:theory and anti-imperialism. Black power icon
1119:Education of freed people during the Civil War
10997:
10690:
10445:Charles Garry: Streetfighter in the Courtroom
9640:
7606:
7320:List of lynching victims in the United States
5658:Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
5170:
5114:. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1977.
4575:
4542:"Nose to Nose: Philadelphia confronts a cult"
3132:The American black power movement influenced
3090:The fifth point of the Black Panther Party's
2994:In 1978 a group of Black Liberation Army and
2895:Anthony Bottom (also known as Jalil Muntaqim)
2776:, the widest wave of social unrest since the
2490:
821:
145:
11313:Third World Liberation Front strikes of 1968
11164:1968 Democratic National Convention protests
8473:Historically black colleges and universities
4809:
4782:"Suspect Admits Shooting Newton, Police Say"
4709:
3959:Simon, John (2005). "Malcolm X-His Legacy".
3014:, a member of Puerto Rican separatist group
2904:a "Free John" concert took place, including
2533:, schools, clinics and ambulance services.
1130:Historically black colleges and universities
5787:Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights
4882:(2). University of Chicago Press: 226â249.
4656:
4571:
4569:
3266:voting district of Philadelphia. After the
2738:The Black Panther Party initially utilized
1114:Education during the slave period in the US
11004:
10990:
10697:
10683:
9647:
9633:
7613:
7599:
5836:Council for United Civil Rights Leadership
5177:
5163:
4810:Ture, Kwame; Hamilton, Charles V. (1992).
4684:
4361:
3912:. Barrytown, N.Y.: Station Hill. pp.
2900:During the jail sentence of White Panther
2823:
2517:was a branch or counterculture within the
2497:
2483:
1437:National Black Caucus of State Legislators
828:
814:
152:
138:
11188:1968 student demonstrations in Yugoslavia
11094:Human rights movement in the Soviet Union
8690:National Black Chamber of Commerce (NBCC)
7392:Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument
4873:
3238:was founded, with debatable effects. The
3148:. The term became widely known after the
3127:
2876:. On September 20 it placed bombs at the
2639:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
2555:. Most of these ideas were influenced by
893:Slavery in the colonial history of the US
11273:Occupation of the Student Union Building
10379:Black Power, We're Goin' Survive America
7427:King Center for Nonviolent Social Change
5467:University of Georgia desegregation riot
5017:"From Black Power to Black Lives Matter"
4749:
4743:
4566:
4220:
3713:
3523:"Black Power TV | Duke University Press"
3442:Davis, Joshua Clark (January 28, 2017).
3310:All-African People's Revolutionary Party
3222:
2978:In another high-profile incident of the
2827:
2729:
159:
9654:
7341:Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence
7078:"If You Miss Me at the Back of the Bus"
7073:"Ain't Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me 'Round"
4925:"White Police and Black Power â Part 2"
4876:The Journal of African American History
4718:
4665:
4252:
4004:
3875:
3845:
3785:
3735:
3277:Some have compared the modern movement
3150:Victorian Aborigines Advancement League
3025:
3004:Clinton Correctional Facility for Women
2816:was formed in Detroit, which supported
14:
11439:
11426:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
11109:Northern Ireland civil rights movement
9589:Topics related to the African diaspora
8695:National Council of Negro Women (NCNW)
7255:African-American women in the movement
5707:White House Conference on Civil Rights
5538:"Segregation now, segregation forever"
5065:
4915:
4913:
4521:
3800:
3770:
3601:
3571:
3467:
3209:in Redfern grew out of this activism.
2582:While black American thinkers such as
2563:'s peaceful protest methods. The 1965
11477:Social movements in the United States
10985:
10678:
9628:
9569:Landmark African-American legislation
7620:
7594:
5696:Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections
5158:
4948:
4919:
4666:Shapiro, Michael J. (June 17, 2010).
4522:Turner, Wallace (December 14, 1977).
4417:"Fulton Co. District Attorney Report"
4232:The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History
3958:
3905:
3815:
3671:"Rethinking the Black Power Movement"
3494:
3441:
3258:New Black Panther Party members were
2814:League of Revolutionary Black Workers
1635:Athletic associations and conferences
1124:History of African-American education
457:League of Revolutionary Black Workers
133:
11228:Columbia University protests of 1968
11218:CeauÈescu's speech of 21 August 1968
11027:1968â69 Japanese university protests
11011:
8700:National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC)
7464:St. Augustine Foot Soldiers Monument
5928:Regional Council of Negro Leadership
5876:Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
5822:Committee on Appeal for Human Rights
5299:Sarah Keys v. Carolina Coach Company
5224:Murders of Harry and Harriette Moore
5051:https://m4bl.org/black-power-rising/
4993:
4719:Stevens, William K. (May 14, 1985).
4445:
4032:
3988:"What Really Happened to Malcolm X?"
3714:Muhammad, Tynetta (14 August 2013).
2832:Protesters demanding the release of
2571:by certain sects of the movement to
1558:Association for the Study of African
181:Columbia University protests of 1968
10151:Lowndes County Freedom Organization
9054:African-American Vernacular English
5871:Lowndes County Freedom Organization
5807:Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
5477:Robert F. Kennedy's Law Day Address
4954:"Black Power in Redern (1968â1972)"
4910:
4816:. New York: Vintage Books. p.
4788:. Associated Press. August 27, 1989
3985:
2641:. On June 16, 1966, in a speech in
2529:, food cooperatives, farms, media,
2372:Race and ethnicity in the US census
1873:African-American Vernacular English
1442:National Conference of Black Mayors
779:United States civil rights movement
462:Lowndes County Freedom Organization
24:
8972:U.S. cities with large populations
8675:Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
7315:African-American churches attacked
5881:Montgomery Improvement Association
5856:Georgia Council on Human Relations
5841:Council of Federated Organizations
5812:Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
5570:16th Street Baptist Church bombing
5528:Meredith enrollment, Ole Miss riot
5334:1957 Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom
5238:McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents
5097:
4929:Aboriginal Legal Service (NSW/ACT)
4644:Ambush: The Brinks Robbery of 1981
4367:Donald Cox, "Split in the Party",
4255:"The bombing of the A2 CIA office"
4036:"3 Get Life Terms in Malcolm Case"
4005:Buckley, Thomas (March 11, 1966).
3080:
1575:National Black Chamber of Commerce
25:
11493:
11452:African-American cultural history
11253:March of the One Hundred Thousand
10624:Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song
10359:Revolutionary Black Panther Party
7845:Inauguration of Barack Obama 2013
7841:Inauguration of Barack Obama 2009
7648:African American founding fathers
7387:Birmingham Civil Rights Institute
7260:Jews in the civil rights movement
5143:
4550:. August 14, 1978. Archived from
3855:. New York: Viking. p. 123.
3738:Journal of Asian American Studies
3468:Konadu, Kwasi (January 1, 2009).
3295:Revolutionary Black Panther Party
2709:Students for a Democratic Society
2279:Places by plurality of population
945:Civil rights movement (1954â1968)
935:Civil rights movement (1865â1896)
888:Abolitionism in the United States
676:Black Power and the American Myth
502:Revolutionary Black Panther Party
196:Marin County Civic Center attacks
11147:
10656:
10655:
10583:1968 Olympics Black Power salute
9607:
8725:United Negro College Fund (UNCF)
7870:Nadir of American race relations
7581:Civil rights movement portal
7574:
7422:Freedom Riders National Monument
7164:The Kingdom of God Is Within You
5676:1965 Selma to Montgomery marches
5635:1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests
5522:Second Emancipation Proclamation
5121:. University of Arkansas Press.
5045:Author unknown. (Updated 2022.)
4888:10.5323/jafriamerhist.100.2.0226
4750:Trippett, Frank (May 27, 1985).
4253:Zbrozek, C. (October 24, 2006).
3986:Ali, Zaheer (February 7, 2015).
3879:"Malcolm X Splits with Muhammad"
3876:Handler, M. S. (March 9, 1964).
3852:Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention
3352:
3335:MOVE (Philadelphia organization)
3325:African People's Socialist Party
3320:Freedom Party of New York (2010)
3095:had earlier been remarked on by
2893:trial for the shootings include
2882:Republic of the Congo (Kinshasa)
2866:Black Revolutionary Assault Team
2454:
976:Black Belt in the American South
417:Black Revolutionary Assault Team
377:African People's Socialist Party
231:
55:
11482:Rebellions in the United States
11411:Segregation in Northern Ireland
10412:Eldridge Cleaver, Black Panther
10344:New Afrikan Black Panther Party
10131:Deacons for Defense and Justice
9847:Jalil Muntaqim (Anthony Bottom)
7731:Civil rights movement 1954â1968
7721:Civil rights movement 1865â1896
7449:Mississippi Civil Rights Museum
7437:Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial
5913:National Council of Negro Women
5851:Deacons for Defense and Justice
5059:
5039:
5009:
4963:
4942:
4867:
4850:"WAFR â Media and the Movement"
4842:
4803:
4774:
4752:"It Looks Just Like a War Zone"
4635:
4604:
4534:
4515:
4506:
4471:
4439:
4409:
4374:
4348:
4329:
4310:
4307:, Henry Holt and Company, 2007.
4297:
4272:
4246:
4197:
4188:
4164:
4155:
4134:
4122:
4113:
4104:
4079:
4054:
4026:
4008:"Malcolm X Jury Finds 3 Guilty"
3998:
3979:
3952:
3930:
3899:
3869:
3839:
3809:
3794:
3779:
3764:
3729:
3707:
3680:
3663:
3300:New Afrikan Black Panther Party
3000:May 19th Communist Organization
2960:De-escalation in the late 1970s
1580:National Council of Negro Women
482:National Joint Action Committee
467:May 19th Communist Organization
10603:New Haven Black Panther trials
10439:In the Event Anyone Disappears
10293:Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi
8720:Thurgood Marshall College Fund
7726:Civil right movement 1896â1954
5329:Mansfield school desegregation
4091:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica Online
3639:
3595:
3565:
3540:
3515:
3488:
3461:
3435:
2377:Racism against Black Americans
201:New Haven Black Panther trials
13:
1:
11198:1968 Red Square demonstration
10354:New Panther Vanguard Movement
10329:Black Riders Liberation Party
8900:Cherokee freedmen controversy
7876:The Negro Motorist Green Book
7459:National Voting Rights Museum
7402:Civil Rights Movement Archive
7201:Lynching in the United States
7088:"Keep Your Eyes on the Prize"
5543:Stand in the Schoolhouse Door
5516:University of Chicago sit-ins
5283:Davis v. Prince Edward County
5072:. Syracuse University Press.
4033:Roth, Jack (April 15, 1966).
3474:. Syracuse University Press.
3428:
3305:Black Riders Liberation Party
3289:Organizations still operating
3285:openly promotes black power.
3260:accused of voter intimidation
3240:Black Riders Liberation Party
3160:, invited Caribbean activist
2622:
1585:National Pan-Hellenic Council
497:Revolutionary Action Movement
422:Black Riders Liberation Party
11178:1968 Polish political crisis
11134:West German student movement
11059:Black Consciousness Movement
10334:Black Women's Defense League
10200:United Front Against Fascism
10085:Akua Njeri (Deborah Johnson)
7454:National Civil Rights Museum
7310:March on Washington Movement
7295:Dexter Avenue Baptist Church
5764:Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co.
4481:. NJ.com. September 26, 2011
3973:10.14452/MR-056-09-2005-02_3
3495:Klehr, Harvey (1988-01-01).
3085:
2726:Escalation in the late 1960s
2387:School segregation in the US
1925:Black American Sign Language
1899:Languages and other dialects
729:Black Power in the Caribbean
427:Black Women's Defense League
32:Black Power (disambiguation)
7:
11467:Counterculture of the 1980s
11462:Counterculture of the 1970s
11457:Counterculture of the 1960s
11384:Racism in the United States
11349:Counterculture of the 1960s
11170:The whole world is watching
11139:Women's liberation movement
10883:Women's liberation movement
10706:Counterculture of the 1960s
10498:Judas and the Black Messiah
10182:Free Breakfast for Children
8770:Black players in ice hockey
8705:National Urban League (NUL)
8531:American Society of Muslims
7769:Selma to Montgomery marches
7689:Brown v. Board of Education
7098:"This Little Light of Mine"
5846:Dallas County Voters League
5792:Atlanta Negro Voters League
5555:Letter from Birmingham Jail
5262:Brown v. Board of Education
4854:mediaandthemovement.unc.edu
3786:Plummer, Brenda G. (1996).
3345:
2802:Central Intelligence Agency
2579:(BPP), grew to prominence.
1214:African-American businesses
49:counterculture of the 1960s
10:
11498:
10598:Murder of Betty Van Patter
10426:The Murder of Fred Hampton
10405:Interview with Bobby Seale
8927:Great Dismal Swamp maroons
8685:Nashville Student Movement
7696:Children of the plantation
7432:Martin Luther King Jr. Day
7300:Holt Street Baptist Church
7270:16th Street Baptist Church
6254:Annie Bell Robinson Devine
5898:Nashville Student Movement
5828:An Appeal for Human Rights
5117:Austin, Curtis J. (2006).
4670:. Routledge. p. 108.
3693:. NYU Press. p. 187.
3501:. Transaction Publishers.
3256:2008 presidential election
3216:
2950:Delta Air Lines Flight 841
2626:
2617:
2565:assassination of Malcolm X
1752:Great Dismal Swamp maroons
1427:Congressional Black Caucus
1394:African Diaspora Religions
1181:Martin Luther King Jr. Day
512:Symbionese Liberation Army
94:Perceived failures of the
29:
11326:
11263:Memphis sanitation strike
11156:
11145:
11044:1968 movement in Pakistan
11019:
10928:
10905:
10831:Back-to-the-land movement
10811:
10756:San Francisco Renaissance
10748:
10717:
10651:
10575:
10516:
10371:
10311:
10215:
10208:
10169:
10118:
10093:
10057:
10001:
9875:
9739:
9726:
9685:
9664:
9597:
9564:Index of related articles
9442:
9357:
9081:
9014:
8952:
8852:
8813:
8745:
8738:
8653:
8573:
8565:Doctrine of Father Divine
8511:
8453:
8102:
7957:
7949:Women's suffrage movement
7902:Reconstruction Amendments
7709:Voting Rights Act of 1965
7628:
7570:
7472:
7374:
7188:
7121:
7063:
7042:
6929:Ruby Doris Smith-Robinson
6899:Modjeska Monteith Simkins
5971:
5963:Women's Political Council
5958:Wednesdays in Mississippi
5953:United Auto Workers (UAW)
5938:Southern Regional Council
5908:Northern Student Movement
5817:Committee for Freedom Now
5777:
5724:Memphis sanitation strike
5690:Voting Rights Act of 1965
5612:
5433:Savannah Protest Movement
5395:
5253:
5214:Journey of Reconciliation
5206:
5193:
5139:. New York: Putnam, 1977.
5092:excerpt and a text search
4650:February 9, 2015, at the
3716:"Nation of Islam History"
3268:killing of Trayvon Martin
3212:
3044:including the U.S. Senate
2932:Atlanta Police Department
2515:black liberation movement
2259:US states and territories
1560:American Life and History
1282:Lift Every Voice and Sing
991:Treatment of the enslaved
171:
106:
88:
78:
70:
54:
46:
41:
11243:King assassination riots
11203:1968 uprising in Senegal
11099:Mexican Movement of 1968
10821:American Indian Movement
10385:Black Panthers: A Report
10223:American Indian Movement
9988:Michael "Cetewayo" Tabor
9614:United States portal
9049:African-American English
8478:Inventors and scientists
8170:George Washington Carver
7774:Chicago Freedom Movement
5797:Atlanta Student Movement
5746:Civil Rights Act of 1968
5671:1964â1965 Scripto strike
5652:Civil Rights Act of 1964
5550:1963 Birmingham campaign
5443:Civil Rights Act of 1960
5367:Civil Rights Act of 1957
4335:Van Derbeken and Lagos.
3938:"Malcolm X Assassinated"
3581:. U of Minnesota Press.
3283:Movement for Black Lives
3230:members marching in 2007
3207:Aboriginal Legal Service
3114:
3077:member Tyrone Robinson.
2612:decolonization of Africa
2461:United States portal
1868:African-American English
1379:African-American Muslims
940:Jim Crow era (1896â1954)
215:This article is part of
191:1969 Greensboro uprising
65:in Washington, June 1970
10460:All Power to the People
10349:New Black Panther Party
10339:Huey P. Newton Gun Club
10243:Black Panthers (Israel)
9923:Marshall "Eddie" Conway
9817:Elbert "Big Man" Howard
9537:African-American firsts
8586:Back-to-Africa movement
8555:Black Hebrew Israelites
8335:Adam Clayton Powell Jr.
7883:Partus sequitur ventrem
7349:Voter Education Project
7103:"We Shall Not Be Moved"
6764:Adam Clayton Powell Jr.
6199:Josephine Dobbs Clement
5625:Chester school protests
5620:Twenty-fourth Amendment
5582:Detroit Walk to Freedom
5324:Tallahassee bus boycott
5245:Baton Rouge bus boycott
4642:CourtTV Crime Library,
4371:, Vol. 21, No. 2, 1999.
4342:San Francisco Chronicle
4316:Marie-AgnĂšs Combesque,
4129:Black Panther Newspaper
3687:Hasan Jeffries (2010).
3330:Huey P. Newton Gun Club
3272:Huey P. Newton Gun Club
3228:New Black Panther Party
3071:New Black Panther Party
3052:Cherry Hill, New Jersey
2915:San Francisco Chronicle
2824:Peak in the early 1970s
2820:and Black liberation.
2382:Reparations for slavery
1470:Back-to-Africa movement
1369:Black Hebrew Israelites
1247:African-American beauty
734:Black Power in Montreal
605:Martin Luther King, Jr.
487:New Black Panther Party
452:Huey P. Newton Gun Club
11369:Antisemitism in Poland
11278:Poor People's Campaign
11213:Battle of Valle Giulia
11183:1968 protests in Egypt
11069:Black Power Revolution
11039:1968 movement in Italy
10474:A Huey P. Newton Story
10258:George Jackson Brigade
10248:British Black Panthers
10228:Black Guerrilla Family
9812:Raymond "Masai" Hewitt
9505:Spingarn Medal winners
8994:States and territories
8765:Black NFL quarterbacks
8265:Martin Luther King Jr.
7797:Dred Scott v. Sandford
7736:Montgomery bus boycott
7562:Movement photographers
6804:Bernice Johnson Reagon
6524:Martin Luther King Sr.
6519:Martin Luther King Jr.
6089:William Holmes Borders
5861:Highlander Folk School
5751:Poor People's Campaign
5604:St. Augustine movement
5454:Gomillion v. Lightfoot
5377:Katz Drug Store sit-in
5348:Royal Ice Cream sit-in
5310:Montgomery bus boycott
5110:James A. Geschwender.
5066:Konadu, Kwasi (2009).
4576:Karl a. Seger (2001).
3750:10.1353/jaas.2001.0029
3621:"Black Power Movement"
3236:Black Radical Congress
3231:
3128:Australian black power
2966:George Jackson Brigade
2928:Attica Prison uprising
2846:Black Power Revolution
2837:
2762:Republic of New Afrika
2735:
2714:In late October 1966,
2643:Greenwood, Mississippi
2561:Martin Luther King Jr.
2542:Black Power Revolution
2527:black-owned bookstores
1852:Dialects and languages
1012:Second Great Migration
688:The Diary of Malcolm X
492:Republic of New Afrika
447:George Jackson Brigade
432:British Black Panthers
412:Black Radical Congress
387:Black Guerrilla Family
263:Black Power Revolution
100:Turn towards militancy
11399:Years of Lead (Italy)
11054:Anti-nuclear movement
11049:Civil Rights Movement
10841:Civil rights movement
10826:Anti-nuclear movement
10549:Revolutionary Suicide
10324:Black Panther Militia
10233:Black Liberation Army
10170:Programs and projects
10014:Lorenzo Kom'boa Ervin
9983:Russell Maroon Shoatz
8815:Athletic associations
8750:Negro league baseball
8521:African-American Jews
8240:Ketanji Brown Jackson
8205:Henry Highland Garnet
8064:Negro National Anthem
7814:George Floyd protests
7779:Postâcivil rights era
7397:Civil Rights Memorial
7285:Bethel Baptist Church
6934:Charles Kenzie Steele
6379:Audrey Faye Hendricks
6284:Myrlie Evers-Williams
6264:Patricia Stephens Due
6234:Abraham Lincoln Davis
6169:Colia Lafayette Clark
5923:Operation Breadbasket
5918:National Urban League
5665:Katzenbach v. McClung
5533:Atlanta's Berlin Wall
5186:Civil rights movement
4369:New Political Science
4354:Edward F. Mickolaus,
4323:Le Monde diplomatique
4150:Eugene Register-Guard
4119:Bloom and Martin, 45.
3906:Perry, Bruce (1991).
3226:
3134:Aboriginal Australian
3075:Black Guerilla Family
2980:Black Liberation Army
2936:Black Liberation Army
2854:Black Liberation Army
2831:
2733:
2629:Civil rights movement
2519:civil rights movement
2264:US metropolitan areas
2091:List of neighborhoods
1705:Alabama Creole people
1695:African-American Jews
1627:Negro league baseball
1590:National Urban League
1542:Civic/economic groups
1374:African-American Jews
1264:African-American hair
1126:, after the Civil War
955:Postâcivil rights era
695:Revolutionary Suicide
402:Black Panther Militia
397:Black Liberation Army
96:civil rights movement
61:Black Panther at the
11394:Second-wave feminism
11334:1968 Summer Olympics
11268:Miss America protest
11104:Movement of 22 March
11064:Black power movement
10878:Second-wave feminism
10856:Free Speech Movement
10851:Free school movement
10836:Black Power movement
10812:Social and political
10638:Black power movement
10613:RiceâPoindexter case
10565:Black Against Empire
10419:Finally Got the News
10372:Films and television
9022:Afro-Seminole Creole
8548:Azusa Street Revival
8420:Booker T. Washington
7944:Underground Railroad
7809:Free people of color
7663:Atlantic slave trade
7442:other King memorials
7417:Freedom Rides Museum
7354:1960s counterculture
7305:Edmund Pettus Bridge
6984:Walter Francis White
6889:Alexander D. Shimkin
5403:New Year's Day March
5372:Ministers' Manifesto
5219:Executive Order 9981
5086:Ogbar, Jeffrey O.G.
3423:Los Siete de la Raza
3254:marches. During the
3032:Brinks truck robbery
3026:Decline in the 1980s
2842:American imperialism
2511:black power movement
2421:Criminal stereotypes
2196:District of Columbia
1913:Afro-Seminole Creole
1355:Non-Christian groups
950:Black power movement
914:during the Civil War
883:Atlantic slave trade
258:Black power movement
163:Black power movement
122:Decline by the 1980s
112:Worldwide spread of
42:Black power movement
18:Black Power Movement
11318:Tlatelolco massacre
11233:Delano grape strike
11223:Central Park be-ins
11079:Cultural Revolution
10725:Black Arts Movement
10663:Black Panther Party
10298:White Panther Party
10278:Polynesian Panthers
10029:Robert Hillary King
9948:Denise Oliver-Velez
9657:Black Panther Party
9417:Trinidad and Tobago
9032:Black American Sign
8859:By African descent
8853:Ethnic subdivisions
8840:Southwestern (SWAC)
8755:Baseball color line
8670:Black Panther Party
8574:Political movements
8491:in computer science
8150:Carol Moseley Braun
7939:Tulsa race massacre
7932:Treatment of slaves
7764:March on Washington
7759:Birmingham movement
7180:Mary McLeod Bethune
7141:Sermon on the Mount
7108:"We Shall Overcome"
6689:William Lewis Moore
6469:Frank Minis Johnson
6444:Richie Jean Jackson
6399:Donald L. Hollowell
6204:Charles E. Cobb Jr.
6009:Gwendolyn Armstrong
6004:William G. Anderson
5984:Victoria Gray Adams
5948:The Freedom Singers
5802:Black Panther Party
5587:March on Washington
5500:Garner v. Louisiana
5461:Boynton v. Virginia
5131:McLellan, Vin, and
5047:Black Power Rising.
4762:on December 3, 2007
4345:(January 23, 2007).
4152:), October 9, 1968.
3940:. History.com. 2009
3575:(January 1, 2011).
3408:Black Arts Movement
3378:Black Panther Party
2998:members formed the
2996:Weather Underground
2806:Ann Arbor, Michigan
2790:White Panther Party
2740:open-carry gun laws
2592:Black Panther Party
2577:Black Panther Party
2546:Trinidad and Tobago
1817:Sierra Leone Creole
1778:Specific ancestries
1663:Southwestern (SWAC)
1186:Black History Month
1017:New Great Migration
971:Agriculture history
522:Weather Underground
442:Five-Percent Nation
437:Conscious Community
407:Black Panther Party
248:Black Arts Movement
11258:May 1968 in France
11238:East L.A. walkouts
11119:Red Power movement
10433:Teach Our Children
10319:Assata's Daughters
10161:Robert F. Williams
10101:Stokely Carmichael
9968:George W. Sams Jr.
9908:Veronza Bowers Jr.
9797:Barbara Easley-Cox
9747:JoNina Abron-Ervin
9515:US representatives
9510:US cabinet members
9402:Dominican Republic
8989:Metropolitan areas
8830:Mid-Eastern (MEAC)
8655:Civic and economic
8633:Self-determination
8454:Education, science
8375:Fred Shuttlesworth
8355:A. Philip Randolph
8260:Coretta Scott King
8185:Frederick Douglass
8012:Harlem Renaissance
7917:Separate but equal
7907:Reconstruction era
7895:Plessy v. Ferguson
7786:Cornerstone Speech
7700:Civil Rights Acts
7683:Black Lives Matter
7658:American Civil War
7497:Michael Eric Dyson
7382:In popular culture
7265:Fifth Circuit Four
7249:Loving v. Virginia
7242:Hernandez v. Texas
7221:Buchanan v. Warley
7213:Separate but equal
7207:Plessy v. Ferguson
7170:Frederick Douglass
7004:Robert F. Williams
6914:Kelly Miller Smith
6894:Fred Shuttlesworth
6819:Frederick D. Reese
6799:George Raymond Jr.
6789:A. Philip Randolph
6769:Fay Bellamy Powell
6684:Queen Mother Moore
6569:Z. Alexander Looby
6514:Coretta Scott King
6459:Barbara Rose Johns
6439:Jimmie Lee Jackson
6364:William E. Harbour
6144:Stokely Carmichael
6059:Randolph Blackwell
5729:King assassination
5718:Loving v. Virginia
5702:March Against Fear
5682:How Long, Not Long
5560:Children's Crusade
5511:Cambridge movement
5448:Ax Handle Saturday
5413:Greensboro sit-ins
5340:Give Us the Ballot
4952:(5 October 2001).
4786:The New York Times
4725:The New York Times
4528:The New York Times
4499:Perkins, Margo V.
4303:Joseph, Peniel E.
4209:2015-09-24 at the
4176:www.britannica.com
4146:The New York Times
4140:C. Gerald Fraser,
4041:The New York Times
4013:The New York Times
3885:The New York Times
3627:. Encyclopedia.com
3418:Red Power movement
3340:Assata's Daughters
3315:Black Hammer Party
3279:Black Lives Matter
3232:
3219:Black Lives Matter
3203:self-determination
2986:, Zayd Shakur and
2886:Republic of Malawi
2838:
2808:, that September.
2786:Glenville shootout
2778:American Civil War
2736:
2693:Washington Heights
2647:March Against Fear
2635:Stokely Carmichael
2584:Robert F. Williams
1826:Sexual orientation
1700:Afro-Puerto Ricans
1653:Mid-Eastern (MEAC)
1288:Self-determination
1252:Black is beautiful
918:Reconstruction era
764:Red Power movement
719:Black Lives Matter
645:Stokely Carmichael
635:Robert F. Williams
615:Malik Zulu Shabazz
565:Fay Bellamy Powell
382:Assata's Daughters
253:Black is beautiful
186:Glenville shootout
176:March Against Fear
11434:
11433:
11389:School discipline
11308:Takeover of Vanha
11124:Sexual revolution
10979:
10978:
10913:Underground press
10890:Sexual revolution
10798:Bed-Ins for Peace
10735:Psychedelic music
10672:
10671:
10367:
10366:
10288:The Pink Panthers
10195:Rainbow Coalition
10188:The Black Panther
10177:Ten-Point Program
10114:
10113:
9903:Dhoruba bin Wahad
9842:Joan Tarika Lewis
9762:William Lee Brent
9622:
9621:
9450:African Americans
9322:DallasâFort Worth
8917:Black Southerners
8848:
8847:
8300:Thurgood Marshall
8270:Bernard Lafayette
7865:Million Man March
7622:African Americans
7588:
7587:
7365:Eyes on the Prize
7280:A.G. Gaston Motel
7275:Kelly Ingram Park
7235:Sweatt v. Painter
6919:Mary Louise Smith
6879:Cleveland Sellers
6864:Michael Schwerner
6829:Gloria Richardson
6609:Thurgood Marshall
6529:Bernard Lafayette
6259:John Wesley Dobbs
5773:
5772:
5492:Birmingham attack
5472:Rock Hill sit-ins
5423:Sibley Commission
5418:Nashville sit-ins
5290:Gebhart v. Belton
5276:Briggs v. Elliott
5269:Bolling v. Sharpe
5230:Sweatt v. Painter
4460:on April 24, 2015
4453:Politico Magazine
4446:Burrough, Bryan.
4395:Bangor Daily News
3923:978-0-88268-103-0
3862:978-0-670-02220-5
3651:www.aljazeera.com
3373:Black nationalism
3177:, following the "
3173:, Melbourne, and
3105:Carter G. Woodson
3092:Ten-Point Program
3020:Bellevue Hospital
2658:Black nationalist
2652:The organization
2600:black nationalism
2573:black nationalism
2507:
2506:
2444:
2443:
2342:
2341:
2116:Dallas-Fort Worth
1933:
1932:
1843:
1842:
1787:Americo-Liberians
1670:
1669:
1608:
1607:
1533:
1532:
1402:
1401:
1346:Womanist theology
1296:
1295:
1238:Symbols and ideas
1024:
1023:
903:Antebellum period
898:Revolutionary War
853:African Americans
838:
837:
759:Political hip hop
682:Ten-Point Program
650:Wadsworth Jarrell
575:Gloria Richardson
334:Black nationalism
304:Africana womanism
299:African socialism
209:
208:
128:
127:
16:(Redirected from
11489:
11416:Student activism
11151:
11074:Chicano Movement
11013:Protests of 1968
11006:
10999:
10992:
10983:
10982:
10776:Swinging Sixties
10771:Mods and rockers
10766:British Invasion
10699:
10692:
10685:
10676:
10675:
10664:
10659:
10658:
10618:Robert Templeton
10593:Intercommunalism
10576:Related articles
10557:A Taste of Power
10482:Night Catches Us
10238:Black Liberators
10213:
10212:
10136:W. E. B. Du Bois
9993:James Dixon York
9876:East Coast based
9740:West Coast based
9737:
9736:
9733:
9731:
9703:Kathleen Cleaver
9698:Eldridge Cleaver
9658:
9649:
9642:
9635:
9626:
9625:
9612:
9611:
9610:
9574:Lynching victims
9073:Louisiana Creole
9044:American English
8932:Louisiana Creole
8905:Choctaw freedmen
8743:
8742:
8280:Huddie Ledbetter
8220:Fannie Lou Hamer
8190:W. E. B. Du Bois
8180:Claudette Colvin
8175:Shirley Chisholm
7992:Family structure
7860:Military history
7742:Browder v. Gayle
7615:
7608:
7601:
7592:
7591:
7579:
7578:
7542:Charles M. Payne
7527:Steven F. Lawson
7517:David Halberstam
7487:Clayborne Carson
7228:Hocutt v. Wilson
7175:W. E. B. Du Bois
7024:Sammy Younge Jr.
7009:Q. V. Williamson
6974:Wyatt Tee Walker
6839:Bernice Robinson
6784:Lincoln Ragsdale
6774:Rodney N. Powell
6669:Douglas E. Moore
6544:Sanford R. Leigh
6479:J. Charles Jones
6354:Fannie Lou Hamer
6269:Joseph Ellwanger
6229:Jonathan Daniels
6219:Claudette Colvin
6209:Annie Lee Cooper
6194:Kathleen Cleaver
6189:Eldridge Cleaver
6164:Shirley Chisholm
6054:Gloria Blackwell
5645:workers' murders
5592:"I Have a Dream"
5487:Anniston bombing
5438:Greenville Eight
5353:Little Rock Nine
5316:Browder v. Gayle
5204:
5203:
5179:
5172:
5165:
5156:
5155:
5083:
5053:
5043:
5037:
5036:
5034:
5032:
5023:. Archived from
5013:
5007:
5006:, July 27, 2010.
4997:
4991:
4990:
4988:
4986:
4977:. Archived from
4967:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4946:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4935:
4923:(16 July 2021).
4917:
4908:
4907:
4871:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4860:
4846:
4840:
4839:
4807:
4801:
4800:
4795:
4793:
4778:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4767:
4758:. Archived from
4747:
4741:
4740:
4738:
4736:
4731:on June 12, 2012
4727:. Archived from
4716:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4702:
4688:
4682:
4681:
4663:
4654:
4639:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4628:
4619:. Archived from
4608:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4597:
4584:
4573:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4559:
4538:
4532:
4531:
4519:
4513:
4510:
4504:
4497:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4486:
4475:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4465:
4456:. Archived from
4443:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4432:
4427:on July 15, 2016
4423:. Archived from
4413:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4402:
4387:
4381:
4378:
4372:
4365:
4359:
4352:
4346:
4333:
4327:
4318:"Caged panthers"
4314:
4308:
4301:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4290:
4276:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4265:
4250:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4239:
4224:
4218:
4201:
4195:
4192:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4182:
4168:
4162:
4159:
4153:
4138:
4132:
4126:
4120:
4117:
4111:
4108:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4097:
4083:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4072:
4058:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4038:
4030:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4019:
4010:
4002:
3996:
3995:
3983:
3977:
3976:
3956:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3945:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3903:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3892:
3881:
3873:
3867:
3866:
3847:Marable, Manning
3843:
3837:
3836:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3783:
3777:
3776:
3768:
3762:
3761:
3733:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3711:
3705:
3704:
3684:
3678:
3669:Komozi Woodard,
3667:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3643:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3617:
3608:
3607:
3599:
3593:
3592:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3552:News.cornell.edu
3544:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3492:
3486:
3485:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3439:
3413:Protests of 1968
3393:Chicano Movement
3388:Black separatism
3362:
3357:
3356:
3355:
3154:Bruce McGuinness
3097:W. E. B. Du Bois
2890:Eldridge Cleaver
2774:nationwide riots
2770:was assassinated
2768:Luther King Jr.
2689:Audubon Ballroom
2666:W. E. B. Du Bois
2608:Cuban Revolution
2575:, including the
2559:'s criticism of
2531:printing presses
2499:
2492:
2485:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2406:media depictions
2355:
2354:
2250:Population count
1946:
1945:
1880:Liberian English
1859:English dialects
1856:
1855:
1812:SamanĂĄ Americans
1737:Creoles of color
1683:
1682:
1621:
1620:
1565:Black conductors
1546:
1545:
1415:
1414:
1389:Louisiana Voodoo
1311:
1310:
1056:Family structure
1039:
1038:
986:Military history
981:Business history
912:military history
867:
866:
840:
839:
830:
823:
816:
724:Black Power gang
669:A Taste of Power
560:Eldridge Cleaver
392:Black Liberators
354:Intercommunalism
344:Black separatism
314:Anti-Americanism
235:
212:
211:
166:
164:
154:
147:
140:
131:
130:
63:Lincoln Memorial
59:
39:
38:
21:
11497:
11496:
11492:
11491:
11490:
11488:
11487:
11486:
11437:
11436:
11435:
11430:
11339:Anti-capitalism
11322:
11288:Presidio mutiny
11193:1968 Miami riot
11152:
11143:
11089:Hippie movement
11015:
11010:
10980:
10975:
10924:
10901:
10813:
10807:
10781:Hippie movement
10749:Cultural events
10744:
10730:Psychedelic art
10713:
10703:
10673:
10668:
10662:
10647:
10571:
10541:Blood in My Eye
10512:
10363:
10307:
10283:Red Guard Party
10209:Inspired groups
10204:
10165:
10110:
10106:Connie Matthews
10089:
10053:
9997:
9898:Kuwasi Balagoon
9883:Mumia Abu-Jamal
9871:
9729:
9727:
9722:
9681:
9660:
9656:
9653:
9623:
9618:
9608:
9606:
9593:
9559:Historic places
9552:US state firsts
9438:
9353:
9077:
9010:
8982:2010 majorities
8977:2000 majorities
8948:
8895:Black Seminoles
8844:
8835:Southern (SIAC)
8818:
8817:and conferences
8816:
8809:
8805:Serena Williams
8800:Jackie Robinson
8734:
8658:
8656:
8649:
8569:
8536:Nation of Islam
8507:
8455:
8449:
8390:Sojourner Truth
8380:Clarence Thomas
8345:Gabriel Prosser
8245:Michael Jackson
8120:Crispus Attucks
8110:Ralph Abernathy
8098:
8054:Musical theater
7953:
7819:Great Migration
7791:COVID-19 impact
7749:Sit-in movement
7624:
7619:
7589:
7584:
7573:
7566:
7547:Thomas E. Ricks
7537:Diane McWhorter
7522:Vincent Harding
7507:Adam Fairclough
7474:
7468:
7370:
7325:Freedom Schools
7184:
7117:
7065:
7059:
7050:Omaha, Nebraska
7038:
6954:Hartman Turnbow
6944:Dorothy Tillman
6904:Glenn E. Smiley
6884:Charles Sherrod
6844:Jo Ann Robinson
6719:Charles Neblett
6709:Elijah Muhammad
6674:Harriette Moore
6634:Floyd McKissick
6619:Franklin McCain
6554:Stanley Levison
6419:T. R. M. Howard
6369:Vincent Harding
6299:Walter Fauntroy
6184:Xernona Clayton
6134:John H. Calhoun
6119:Aurelia Browder
6109:Stanley Branche
6104:Raylawni Branch
6084:Joseph E. Boone
6069:Ezell Blair Jr.
6064:Unita Blackwell
6039:Harry Belafonte
5979:Ralph Abernathy
5967:
5903:Nation of Islam
5779:
5769:
5608:
5565:Birmingham riot
5506:Albany Movement
5428:Atlanta sit-ins
5408:Sit-in movement
5391:
5387:Biloxi wade-ins
5359:Cooper v. Aaron
5249:
5195:
5189:
5183:
5146:
5100:
5098:Further reading
5080:
5062:
5057:
5056:
5044:
5040:
5030:
5028:
5015:
5014:
5010:
4998:
4994:
4984:
4982:
4981:on May 13, 2019
4969:
4968:
4964:
4956:
4947:
4943:
4933:
4931:
4918:
4911:
4872:
4868:
4858:
4856:
4848:
4847:
4843:
4828:
4808:
4804:
4791:
4789:
4780:
4779:
4775:
4765:
4763:
4748:
4744:
4734:
4732:
4717:
4710:
4700:
4698:
4690:
4689:
4685:
4678:
4664:
4657:
4652:Wayback Machine
4640:
4636:
4626:
4624:
4623:on June 7, 2010
4609:
4605:
4595:
4593:
4582:
4574:
4567:
4557:
4555:
4554:on May 25, 2007
4540:
4539:
4535:
4520:
4516:
4511:
4507:
4498:
4494:
4484:
4482:
4477:
4476:
4472:
4463:
4461:
4444:
4440:
4430:
4428:
4415:
4414:
4410:
4400:
4398:
4389:
4388:
4384:
4379:
4375:
4366:
4362:
4353:
4349:
4334:
4330:
4315:
4311:
4302:
4298:
4288:
4286:
4284:Communist Voice
4278:
4277:
4273:
4263:
4261:
4251:
4247:
4237:
4235:
4226:
4225:
4221:
4211:Wayback Machine
4202:
4198:
4193:
4189:
4180:
4178:
4170:
4169:
4165:
4160:
4156:
4139:
4135:
4127:
4123:
4118:
4114:
4109:
4105:
4095:
4093:
4085:
4084:
4080:
4070:
4068:
4060:
4059:
4055:
4045:
4043:
4031:
4027:
4017:
4015:
4003:
3999:
3984:
3980:
3957:
3953:
3943:
3941:
3936:
3935:
3931:
3924:
3904:
3900:
3890:
3888:
3874:
3870:
3863:
3844:
3840:
3817:Lomax, Louis E.
3814:
3810:
3799:
3795:
3784:
3780:
3769:
3765:
3734:
3730:
3720:
3718:
3712:
3708:
3701:
3685:
3681:
3668:
3664:
3655:
3653:
3645:
3644:
3640:
3630:
3628:
3619:
3618:
3611:
3600:
3596:
3589:
3573:Nelson, Alondra
3570:
3566:
3556:
3554:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3531:
3529:
3521:
3520:
3516:
3509:
3493:
3489:
3482:
3466:
3462:
3452:
3450:
3440:
3436:
3431:
3383:Black supremacy
3358:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3291:
3242:was created by
3221:
3215:
3183:Charles Perkins
3162:Roosevelt Brown
3130:
3117:
3088:
3083:
3081:Characteristics
3048:Susan Rosenberg
3028:
3012:William Morales
2962:
2870:consular office
2826:
2728:
2685:Elijah Muhammad
2674:Julian Mayfield
2654:Nation of Islam
2631:
2625:
2620:
2553:white supremacy
2503:
2455:
2453:
2446:
2445:
2440:
2396:
2352:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2283:
2245:
2221:Omaha, Nebraska
2186:Historic places
2180:
2072:
1943:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1894:
1853:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1821:
1773:
1715:Black Seminoles
1680:
1679:Sub-communities
1672:
1671:
1658:Southern (SIAC)
1618:
1610:
1609:
1604:
1559:
1543:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1446:
1412:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1384:Nation of Islam
1350:
1327:
1308:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1233:
1200:
1167:
1139:
1100:
1076:Musical theater
1036:
1026:
1025:
1007:Great Migration
864:
834:
794:
793:
709:
701:
700:
663:
655:
654:
610:Maulana Karenga
550:Donald DeFreeze
535:
527:
526:
517:US Organization
477:Nation of Islam
372:
364:
363:
349:Black supremacy
319:Black anarchism
294:
286:
285:
243:
210:
205:
167:
162:
160:
158:
84:
66:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
11495:
11485:
11484:
11479:
11474:
11472:Guerrilla wars
11469:
11464:
11459:
11454:
11449:
11432:
11431:
11429:
11428:
11423:
11418:
11413:
11408:
11407:
11406:
11396:
11391:
11386:
11381:
11376:
11371:
11366:
11361:
11356:
11351:
11346:
11341:
11336:
11330:
11328:
11324:
11323:
11321:
11320:
11315:
11310:
11305:
11300:
11295:
11290:
11285:
11280:
11275:
11270:
11265:
11260:
11255:
11250:
11245:
11240:
11235:
11230:
11225:
11220:
11215:
11210:
11205:
11200:
11195:
11190:
11185:
11180:
11175:
11174:
11173:
11160:
11158:
11154:
11153:
11146:
11144:
11142:
11141:
11136:
11131:
11126:
11121:
11116:
11111:
11106:
11101:
11096:
11091:
11086:
11084:Gay liberation
11081:
11076:
11071:
11066:
11061:
11056:
11051:
11046:
11041:
11036:
11035:
11034:
11023:
11021:
11017:
11016:
11009:
11008:
11001:
10994:
10986:
10977:
10976:
10974:
10973:
10968:
10966:UK underground
10963:
10958:
10953:
10948:
10943:
10938:
10932:
10930:
10926:
10925:
10923:
10922:
10921:
10920:
10909:
10907:
10903:
10902:
10900:
10899:
10898:
10897:
10887:
10886:
10885:
10875:
10874:
10873:
10863:
10861:Gay liberation
10858:
10853:
10848:
10843:
10838:
10833:
10828:
10823:
10817:
10815:
10809:
10808:
10806:
10805:
10800:
10795:
10794:
10793:
10791:Summer of Love
10788:
10778:
10773:
10768:
10763:
10758:
10752:
10750:
10746:
10745:
10743:
10742:
10737:
10732:
10727:
10721:
10719:
10715:
10714:
10702:
10701:
10694:
10687:
10679:
10670:
10669:
10667:
10666:
10652:
10649:
10648:
10646:
10645:
10640:
10635:
10628:
10620:
10615:
10610:
10605:
10600:
10595:
10590:
10585:
10579:
10577:
10573:
10572:
10570:
10569:
10561:
10553:
10545:
10537:
10533:Seize the Time
10529:
10520:
10518:
10514:
10513:
10511:
10510:
10502:
10494:
10486:
10478:
10470:
10464:
10456:
10448:
10442:
10436:
10430:
10422:
10416:
10408:
10402:
10396:
10392:Black Panthers
10388:
10382:
10375:
10373:
10369:
10368:
10365:
10364:
10362:
10361:
10356:
10351:
10346:
10341:
10336:
10331:
10326:
10321:
10315:
10313:
10309:
10308:
10306:
10305:
10300:
10295:
10290:
10285:
10280:
10275:
10270:
10265:
10260:
10255:
10253:Dalit Panthers
10250:
10245:
10240:
10235:
10230:
10225:
10219:
10217:
10210:
10206:
10205:
10203:
10202:
10197:
10192:
10184:
10179:
10173:
10171:
10167:
10166:
10164:
10163:
10158:
10153:
10148:
10143:
10138:
10133:
10128:
10122:
10120:
10116:
10115:
10112:
10111:
10109:
10108:
10103:
10097:
10095:
10091:
10090:
10088:
10087:
10082:
10077:
10072:
10070:William O'Neal
10067:
10061:
10059:
10055:
10054:
10052:
10051:
10049:Albert Woodfox
10046:
10044:Herman Wallace
10041:
10036:
10031:
10026:
10021:
10016:
10011:
10005:
10003:
10002:Southern based
9999:
9998:
9996:
9995:
9990:
9985:
9980:
9975:
9970:
9965:
9960:
9955:
9950:
9945:
9943:Lonnie McLucas
9940:
9935:
9930:
9925:
9920:
9918:W. Paul Coates
9915:
9913:Safiya Bukhari
9910:
9905:
9900:
9895:
9893:Ashanti Alston
9890:
9888:Sundiata Acoli
9885:
9879:
9877:
9873:
9872:
9870:
9869:
9867:Michael Zinzun
9864:
9862:Robert Trivers
9859:
9857:Geronimo Pratt
9854:
9849:
9844:
9839:
9837:George Jackson
9834:
9829:
9827:Ericka Huggins
9824:
9819:
9814:
9809:
9804:
9799:
9794:
9792:B. Kwaku Duren
9789:
9784:
9779:
9774:
9769:
9764:
9759:
9757:Charles Barron
9754:
9749:
9743:
9741:
9734:
9724:
9723:
9721:
9720:
9718:David Hilliard
9715:
9710:
9705:
9700:
9695:
9689:
9687:
9683:
9682:
9680:
9679:
9674:
9672:Huey P. Newton
9668:
9666:
9662:
9661:
9652:
9651:
9644:
9637:
9629:
9620:
9619:
9617:
9616:
9604:
9598:
9595:
9594:
9592:
9591:
9586:
9581:
9576:
9571:
9566:
9561:
9556:
9555:
9554:
9549:
9544:
9534:
9533:
9532:
9527:
9525:Visual artists
9522:
9517:
9512:
9507:
9502:
9497:
9492:
9487:
9485:Mathematicians
9482:
9477:
9472:
9467:
9462:
9457:
9446:
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9440:
9439:
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9426:
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9419:
9414:
9409:
9404:
9399:
9391:
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9384:
9379:
9374:
9363:
9361:
9355:
9354:
9352:
9351:
9346:
9341:
9336:
9335:
9334:
9329:
9324:
9319:
9309:
9304:
9302:South Carolina
9299:
9294:
9293:
9292:
9284:
9279:
9274:
9272:North Carolina
9269:
9268:
9267:
9257:
9252:
9251:
9250:
9240:
9235:
9234:
9233:
9225:
9224:
9223:
9217:Massachusetts
9215:
9214:
9213:
9203:
9198:
9197:
9196:
9186:
9181:
9180:
9179:
9169:
9164:
9163:
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9147:
9146:
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9135:
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9128:
9118:
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9112:
9111:
9106:
9096:
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9085:
9083:
9079:
9078:
9076:
9075:
9070:
9065:
9064:
9063:
9062:
9061:
9059:social context
9056:
9046:
9036:
9035:
9034:
9024:
9018:
9016:
9012:
9011:
9009:
9008:
9007:
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9001:
8991:
8986:
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8979:
8969:
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8967:
8956:
8954:
8950:
8949:
8947:
8946:
8941:
8940:
8939:
8929:
8924:
8919:
8914:
8913:
8912:
8910:Creek Freedmen
8907:
8902:
8897:
8887:
8885:Alabama Creole
8882:
8881:
8880:
8875:
8870:
8865:
8856:
8854:
8850:
8849:
8846:
8845:
8843:
8842:
8837:
8832:
8827:
8825:Central (CIAA)
8821:
8819:
8814:
8811:
8810:
8808:
8807:
8802:
8797:
8792:
8787:
8782:
8777:
8772:
8767:
8762:
8757:
8752:
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8712:
8707:
8702:
8697:
8692:
8687:
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8677:
8672:
8667:
8661:
8659:
8654:
8651:
8650:
8648:
8647:
8642:
8641:
8640:
8630:
8625:
8620:
8618:Pan-Africanism
8615:
8610:
8605:
8600:
8599:
8598:
8588:
8583:
8577:
8575:
8571:
8570:
8568:
8567:
8562:
8560:Black theology
8557:
8552:
8551:
8550:
8540:
8539:
8538:
8533:
8523:
8517:
8515:
8509:
8508:
8506:
8505:
8504:
8503:
8501:in STEM fields
8498:
8493:
8485:
8480:
8475:
8470:
8465:
8459:
8457:
8456:and technology
8451:
8450:
8448:
8447:
8442:
8437:
8432:
8427:
8422:
8417:
8412:
8407:
8402:
8397:
8395:Harriet Tubman
8392:
8387:
8382:
8377:
8372:
8367:
8362:
8357:
8352:
8347:
8342:
8337:
8332:
8327:
8325:Michelle Obama
8322:
8317:
8312:
8307:
8302:
8297:
8292:
8287:
8282:
8277:
8272:
8267:
8262:
8257:
8255:Barbara Jordan
8252:
8250:Harriet Jacobs
8247:
8242:
8237:
8232:
8227:
8222:
8217:
8212:
8207:
8202:
8197:
8192:
8187:
8182:
8177:
8172:
8167:
8162:
8157:
8152:
8147:
8142:
8140:Amelia Boynton
8137:
8132:
8127:
8122:
8117:
8112:
8106:
8104:
8103:Notable people
8100:
8099:
8097:
8096:
8091:
8086:
8081:
8076:
8071:
8066:
8061:
8056:
8051:
8046:
8041:
8039:LGBT community
8036:
8031:
8026:
8021:
8020:
8019:
8009:
8004:
7999:
7994:
7989:
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7867:
7862:
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7838:
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7826:
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7811:
7806:
7801:
7793:
7788:
7783:
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7781:
7776:
7771:
7766:
7761:
7756:
7754:Freedom Riders
7751:
7746:
7738:
7728:
7723:
7718:
7717:
7716:
7711:
7706:
7698:
7693:
7685:
7680:
7678:Black genocide
7675:
7670:
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7655:
7650:
7645:
7640:
7634:
7632:
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7618:
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7610:
7603:
7595:
7586:
7585:
7571:
7568:
7567:
7565:
7564:
7559:
7557:Akinyele Umoja
7554:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7514:
7509:
7504:
7499:
7494:
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7262:
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7186:
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7146:Mahatma Gandhi
7143:
7138:
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7125:
7123:
7119:
7118:
7116:
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7110:
7105:
7100:
7095:
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7069:
7067:
7061:
7060:
7058:
7057:
7055:South Carolina
7052:
7046:
7044:
7040:
7039:
7037:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7006:
7001:
6996:
6994:Hosea Williams
6991:
6986:
6981:
6979:Hollis Watkins
6976:
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6966:
6961:
6956:
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6946:
6941:
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6921:
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6909:A. Maceo Smith
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6859:Bernie Sanders
6856:
6851:
6849:Angela Russell
6846:
6841:
6836:
6834:David Richmond
6831:
6826:
6824:Walter Reuther
6821:
6816:
6811:
6809:Cordell Reagon
6806:
6801:
6796:
6794:George Raymond
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6754:Charles Person
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6724:Huey P. Newton
6721:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6679:Harry T. Moore
6676:
6671:
6666:
6664:Cecil B. Moore
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6644:James Meredith
6641:
6636:
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6474:Clarence Jones
6471:
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6414:Zilphia Horton
6411:
6406:
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6396:
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6384:Lola Hendricks
6381:
6376:
6374:Dorothy Height
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6344:Lawrence Guyot
6341:
6336:
6334:Jack Greenberg
6331:
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6319:Andrew Goodman
6316:
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6306:
6301:
6296:
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6244:Joseph DeLaine
6241:
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6216:
6214:Dorothy Cotton
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
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6176:
6171:
6166:
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6159:J. L. Chestnut
6156:
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6146:
6141:
6136:
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6126:
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6101:
6096:
6094:Amelia Boynton
6091:
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6014:Arnold Aronson
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5640:Freedom Summer
5637:
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5630:Bloody Tuesday
5627:
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5144:External links
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4512:Brown, 444â50.
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4259:Michigan Daily
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4148:news service (
4133:
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3961:Monthly Review
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3744:(3): 193â208.
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3527:Dukeupress.edu
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3360:History portal
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3175:South Brisbane
3152:(AAL), led by
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3084:
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3079:
3027:
3024:
2988:Sundiata Acoli
2961:
2958:
2924:George Jackson
2872:in protest of
2850:Pan-Africanism
2825:
2822:
2727:
2724:
2716:Huey P. Newton
2627:Main article:
2624:
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2596:pan-Africanism
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2367:Black genocide
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2048:South Carolina
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2025:
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2015:
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1835:LGBT community
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1510:Pan-Africanism
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1341:Black theology
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1031:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1001:
1000:
996:
995:
994:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
965:
964:
960:
959:
958:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
926:
925:
915:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
872:
871:
865:
860:
859:
856:
855:
849:
848:
836:
835:
833:
832:
825:
818:
810:
807:
806:
805:
804:
796:
795:
792:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
710:
707:
706:
703:
702:
699:
698:
691:
684:
679:
672:
664:
661:
660:
657:
656:
653:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
625:Muhammad Ahmad
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
585:Huey P. Newton
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
536:
533:
532:
529:
528:
525:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
373:
370:
369:
366:
365:
362:
361:
359:Pan-Africanism
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
324:Black feminism
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
295:
292:
291:
288:
287:
284:
283:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
244:
241:
240:
237:
236:
228:
227:
221:
220:
207:
206:
204:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
172:
169:
168:
157:
156:
149:
142:
134:
126:
125:
124:
123:
120:
117:
108:
104:
103:
102:
101:
98:
90:
86:
85:
82:
80:
76:
75:
72:
68:
67:
60:
52:
51:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11494:
11483:
11480:
11478:
11475:
11473:
11470:
11468:
11465:
11463:
11460:
11458:
11455:
11453:
11450:
11448:
11445:
11444:
11442:
11427:
11424:
11422:
11419:
11417:
11414:
11412:
11409:
11405:
11402:
11401:
11400:
11397:
11395:
11392:
11390:
11387:
11385:
11382:
11380:
11377:
11375:
11372:
11370:
11367:
11365:
11362:
11360:
11357:
11355:
11352:
11350:
11347:
11345:
11342:
11340:
11337:
11335:
11332:
11331:
11329:
11325:
11319:
11316:
11314:
11311:
11309:
11306:
11304:
11303:Silence March
11301:
11299:
11298:Shinjuku riot
11296:
11294:
11291:
11289:
11286:
11284:
11283:Prague Spring
11281:
11279:
11276:
11274:
11271:
11269:
11266:
11264:
11261:
11259:
11256:
11254:
11251:
11249:
11248:Mafeje affair
11246:
11244:
11241:
11239:
11236:
11234:
11231:
11229:
11226:
11224:
11221:
11219:
11216:
11214:
11211:
11209:
11206:
11204:
11201:
11199:
11196:
11194:
11191:
11189:
11186:
11184:
11181:
11179:
11176:
11171:
11167:
11166:
11165:
11162:
11161:
11159:
11155:
11150:
11140:
11137:
11135:
11132:
11130:
11127:
11125:
11122:
11120:
11117:
11115:
11112:
11110:
11107:
11105:
11102:
11100:
11097:
11095:
11092:
11090:
11087:
11085:
11082:
11080:
11077:
11075:
11072:
11070:
11067:
11065:
11062:
11060:
11057:
11055:
11052:
11050:
11047:
11045:
11042:
11040:
11037:
11033:
11030:
11029:
11028:
11025:
11024:
11022:
11018:
11014:
11007:
11002:
11000:
10995:
10993:
10988:
10987:
10984:
10972:
10969:
10967:
10964:
10962:
10959:
10957:
10954:
10952:
10949:
10947:
10944:
10942:
10939:
10937:
10936:Discordianism
10934:
10933:
10931:
10927:
10919:
10916:
10915:
10914:
10911:
10910:
10908:
10904:
10896:
10895:United States
10893:
10892:
10891:
10888:
10884:
10881:
10880:
10879:
10876:
10872:
10869:
10868:
10867:
10864:
10862:
10859:
10857:
10854:
10852:
10849:
10847:
10844:
10842:
10839:
10837:
10834:
10832:
10829:
10827:
10824:
10822:
10819:
10818:
10816:
10810:
10804:
10801:
10799:
10796:
10792:
10789:
10787:
10784:
10783:
10782:
10779:
10777:
10774:
10772:
10769:
10767:
10764:
10762:
10759:
10757:
10754:
10753:
10751:
10747:
10741:
10738:
10736:
10733:
10731:
10728:
10726:
10723:
10722:
10720:
10716:
10711:
10707:
10700:
10695:
10693:
10688:
10686:
10681:
10680:
10677:
10665:
10654:
10653:
10650:
10644:
10641:
10639:
10636:
10633:
10632:Panther Power
10629:
10626:
10625:
10621:
10619:
10616:
10614:
10611:
10609:
10606:
10604:
10601:
10599:
10596:
10594:
10591:
10589:
10586:
10584:
10581:
10580:
10578:
10574:
10567:
10566:
10562:
10559:
10558:
10554:
10551:
10550:
10546:
10543:
10542:
10538:
10535:
10534:
10530:
10527:
10526:
10522:
10521:
10519:
10515:
10508:
10507:
10506:The Big Cigar
10503:
10500:
10499:
10495:
10492:
10491:
10487:
10484:
10483:
10479:
10476:
10475:
10471:
10468:
10465:
10462:
10461:
10457:
10454:
10453:
10449:
10446:
10443:
10440:
10437:
10434:
10431:
10428:
10427:
10423:
10420:
10417:
10414:
10413:
10409:
10406:
10403:
10400:
10397:
10394:
10393:
10389:
10386:
10383:
10380:
10377:
10376:
10374:
10370:
10360:
10357:
10355:
10352:
10350:
10347:
10345:
10342:
10340:
10337:
10335:
10332:
10330:
10327:
10325:
10322:
10320:
10317:
10316:
10314:
10310:
10304:
10301:
10299:
10296:
10294:
10291:
10289:
10286:
10284:
10281:
10279:
10276:
10274:
10271:
10269:
10266:
10264:
10263:Gray Panthers
10261:
10259:
10256:
10254:
10251:
10249:
10246:
10244:
10241:
10239:
10236:
10234:
10231:
10229:
10226:
10224:
10221:
10220:
10218:
10214:
10211:
10207:
10201:
10198:
10196:
10193:
10191:
10189:
10185:
10183:
10180:
10178:
10175:
10174:
10172:
10168:
10162:
10159:
10157:
10154:
10152:
10149:
10147:
10146:Harry Haywood
10144:
10142:
10139:
10137:
10134:
10132:
10129:
10127:
10124:
10123:
10121:
10117:
10107:
10104:
10102:
10099:
10098:
10096:
10092:
10086:
10083:
10081:
10080:Marion Stamps
10078:
10076:
10073:
10071:
10068:
10066:
10063:
10062:
10060:
10058:Chicago based
10056:
10050:
10047:
10045:
10042:
10040:
10037:
10035:
10032:
10030:
10027:
10025:
10022:
10020:
10017:
10015:
10012:
10010:
10007:
10006:
10004:
10000:
9994:
9991:
9989:
9986:
9984:
9981:
9979:
9978:Assata Shakur
9976:
9974:
9971:
9969:
9966:
9964:
9961:
9959:
9956:
9954:
9953:Larry Pinkney
9951:
9949:
9946:
9944:
9941:
9939:
9938:Warren Kimbro
9936:
9934:
9931:
9929:
9926:
9924:
9921:
9919:
9916:
9914:
9911:
9909:
9906:
9904:
9901:
9899:
9896:
9894:
9891:
9889:
9886:
9884:
9881:
9880:
9878:
9874:
9868:
9865:
9863:
9860:
9858:
9855:
9853:
9850:
9848:
9845:
9843:
9840:
9838:
9835:
9833:
9830:
9828:
9825:
9823:
9820:
9818:
9815:
9813:
9810:
9808:
9805:
9803:
9800:
9798:
9795:
9793:
9790:
9788:
9787:Emory Douglas
9785:
9783:
9780:
9778:
9775:
9773:
9772:Bunchy Carter
9770:
9768:
9765:
9763:
9760:
9758:
9755:
9753:
9750:
9748:
9745:
9744:
9742:
9738:
9735:
9732:
9725:
9719:
9716:
9714:
9711:
9709:
9706:
9704:
9701:
9699:
9696:
9694:
9691:
9690:
9688:
9684:
9678:
9675:
9673:
9670:
9669:
9667:
9663:
9659:
9650:
9645:
9643:
9638:
9636:
9631:
9630:
9627:
9615:
9605:
9603:
9600:
9599:
9596:
9590:
9587:
9585:
9584:Neighborhoods
9582:
9580:
9577:
9575:
9572:
9570:
9567:
9565:
9562:
9560:
9557:
9553:
9550:
9548:
9547:Sports firsts
9545:
9543:
9540:
9539:
9538:
9535:
9531:
9528:
9526:
9523:
9521:
9518:
9516:
9513:
9511:
9508:
9506:
9503:
9501:
9498:
9496:
9493:
9491:
9488:
9486:
9483:
9481:
9478:
9476:
9473:
9471:
9468:
9466:
9463:
9461:
9458:
9456:
9453:
9452:
9451:
9448:
9447:
9445:
9441:
9433:
9430:
9429:
9427:
9425:
9422:
9418:
9415:
9413:
9410:
9408:
9405:
9403:
9400:
9398:
9395:
9394:
9392:
9388:
9385:
9383:
9380:
9378:
9375:
9373:
9370:
9369:
9368:
9365:
9364:
9362:
9360:
9356:
9350:
9349:West Virginia
9347:
9345:
9342:
9340:
9337:
9333:
9330:
9328:
9325:
9323:
9320:
9318:
9315:
9314:
9313:
9310:
9308:
9305:
9303:
9300:
9298:
9295:
9291:
9288:
9287:
9286:Pennsylvania
9285:
9283:
9280:
9278:
9275:
9273:
9270:
9266:
9265:New York City
9263:
9262:
9261:
9258:
9256:
9253:
9249:
9246:
9245:
9244:
9241:
9239:
9236:
9232:
9229:
9228:
9226:
9222:
9219:
9218:
9216:
9212:
9209:
9208:
9207:
9204:
9202:
9199:
9195:
9192:
9191:
9190:
9187:
9185:
9182:
9178:
9175:
9174:
9173:
9170:
9168:
9165:
9161:
9158:
9157:
9156:
9153:
9151:
9148:
9144:
9141:
9140:
9139:
9136:
9132:
9129:
9127:
9124:
9123:
9122:
9119:
9117:
9114:
9110:
9109:San Francisco
9107:
9105:
9102:
9101:
9100:
9097:
9095:
9092:
9090:
9087:
9086:
9084:
9082:By state/city
9080:
9074:
9071:
9069:
9066:
9060:
9057:
9055:
9052:
9051:
9050:
9047:
9045:
9042:
9041:
9040:
9037:
9033:
9030:
9029:
9028:
9027:American Sign
9025:
9023:
9020:
9019:
9017:
9013:
9005:
9002:
9000:
8997:
8996:
8995:
8992:
8990:
8987:
8983:
8980:
8978:
8975:
8974:
8973:
8970:
8966:
8963:
8962:
8961:
8960:Neighborhoods
8958:
8957:
8955:
8951:
8945:
8942:
8938:
8935:
8934:
8933:
8930:
8928:
8925:
8923:
8920:
8918:
8915:
8911:
8908:
8906:
8903:
8901:
8898:
8896:
8893:
8892:
8891:
8890:Black Indians
8888:
8886:
8883:
8879:
8876:
8874:
8871:
8869:
8866:
8864:
8861:
8860:
8858:
8857:
8855:
8851:
8841:
8838:
8836:
8833:
8831:
8828:
8826:
8823:
8822:
8820:
8812:
8806:
8803:
8801:
8798:
8796:
8793:
8791:
8788:
8786:
8783:
8781:
8778:
8776:
8773:
8771:
8768:
8766:
8763:
8761:
8758:
8756:
8753:
8751:
8748:
8747:
8744:
8741:
8737:
8731:
8728:
8726:
8723:
8721:
8718:
8716:
8713:
8711:
8708:
8706:
8703:
8701:
8698:
8696:
8693:
8691:
8688:
8686:
8683:
8681:
8678:
8676:
8673:
8671:
8668:
8666:
8663:
8662:
8660:
8652:
8646:
8643:
8639:
8636:
8635:
8634:
8631:
8629:
8626:
8624:
8621:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8611:
8609:
8606:
8604:
8601:
8597:
8594:
8593:
8592:
8589:
8587:
8584:
8582:
8579:
8578:
8576:
8572:
8566:
8563:
8561:
8558:
8556:
8553:
8549:
8546:
8545:
8544:
8541:
8537:
8534:
8532:
8529:
8528:
8527:
8524:
8522:
8519:
8518:
8516:
8514:
8510:
8502:
8499:
8497:
8494:
8492:
8489:
8488:
8486:
8484:
8481:
8479:
8476:
8474:
8471:
8469:
8468:Black schools
8466:
8464:
8463:Black studies
8461:
8460:
8458:
8452:
8446:
8445:Whitney Young
8443:
8441:
8438:
8436:
8435:Oprah Winfrey
8433:
8431:
8428:
8426:
8423:
8421:
8418:
8416:
8413:
8411:
8408:
8406:
8405:Denmark Vesey
8403:
8401:
8398:
8396:
8393:
8391:
8388:
8386:
8383:
8381:
8378:
8376:
8373:
8371:
8368:
8366:
8363:
8361:
8358:
8356:
8353:
8351:
8350:Joseph Rainey
8348:
8346:
8343:
8341:
8338:
8336:
8333:
8331:
8328:
8326:
8323:
8321:
8318:
8316:
8313:
8311:
8308:
8306:
8305:Toni Morrison
8303:
8301:
8298:
8296:
8293:
8291:
8290:Joseph Lowery
8288:
8286:
8283:
8281:
8278:
8276:
8273:
8271:
8268:
8266:
8263:
8261:
8258:
8256:
8253:
8251:
8248:
8246:
8243:
8241:
8238:
8236:
8235:Jesse Jackson
8233:
8231:
8228:
8226:
8225:Kamala Harris
8223:
8221:
8218:
8216:
8213:
8211:
8210:Marcus Garvey
8208:
8206:
8203:
8201:
8198:
8196:
8193:
8191:
8188:
8186:
8183:
8181:
8178:
8176:
8173:
8171:
8168:
8166:
8163:
8161:
8160:Blanche Bruce
8158:
8156:
8155:Edward Brooke
8153:
8151:
8148:
8146:
8145:James Bradley
8143:
8141:
8138:
8136:
8133:
8131:
8128:
8126:
8125:James Baldwin
8123:
8121:
8118:
8116:
8113:
8111:
8108:
8107:
8105:
8101:
8095:
8092:
8090:
8087:
8085:
8082:
8080:
8077:
8075:
8072:
8070:
8069:Neighborhoods
8067:
8065:
8062:
8060:
8057:
8055:
8052:
8050:
8047:
8045:
8042:
8040:
8037:
8035:
8032:
8030:
8027:
8025:
8022:
8018:
8015:
8014:
8013:
8010:
8008:
8005:
8003:
8000:
7998:
7995:
7993:
7990:
7988:
7985:
7983:
7980:
7978:
7975:
7973:
7970:
7968:
7965:
7964:
7962:
7960:
7956:
7950:
7947:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7933:
7930:
7929:
7928:
7925:
7923:
7922:Silent Parade
7920:
7918:
7915:
7913:
7910:
7908:
7905:
7903:
7900:
7897:
7896:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7884:
7880:
7878:
7877:
7873:
7871:
7868:
7866:
7863:
7861:
7858:
7856:
7853:
7851:
7850:Jim Crow laws
7848:
7846:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7834:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7822:
7821:
7820:
7817:
7815:
7812:
7810:
7807:
7805:
7802:
7799:
7798:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7780:
7777:
7775:
7772:
7770:
7767:
7765:
7762:
7760:
7757:
7755:
7752:
7750:
7747:
7744:
7743:
7739:
7737:
7734:
7733:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7715:
7712:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7701:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7691:
7690:
7686:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7673:Black cowboys
7671:
7669:
7666:
7664:
7661:
7659:
7656:
7654:
7651:
7649:
7646:
7644:
7641:
7639:
7636:
7635:
7633:
7631:
7627:
7623:
7616:
7611:
7609:
7604:
7602:
7597:
7596:
7593:
7583:
7582:
7577:
7569:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7552:Timothy Tyson
7550:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7538:
7535:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7488:
7485:
7483:
7482:Taylor Branch
7480:
7479:
7477:
7471:
7465:
7462:
7460:
7457:
7455:
7452:
7450:
7447:
7443:
7440:
7439:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7430:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7420:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7405:
7403:
7400:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7379:
7377:
7373:
7367:
7366:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7342:
7338:
7337:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7330:Freedom songs
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7250:
7246:
7244:
7243:
7239:
7237:
7236:
7232:
7230:
7229:
7225:
7223:
7222:
7218:
7214:
7211:
7210:
7209:
7208:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7196:Jim Crow laws
7194:
7193:
7191:
7187:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7165:
7161:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7148:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7135:
7132:
7131:
7130:
7127:
7126:
7124:
7120:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7093:"Oh, Freedom"
7091:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7070:
7068:
7062:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7047:
7045:
7041:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7019:Whitney Young
7017:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6999:Kale Williams
6997:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6959:Albert Turner
6957:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6949:A. P. Tureaud
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6854:Bayard Rustin
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6704:William Moyer
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6639:Joseph McNeil
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6624:Charles McDew
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6614:Benjamin Mays
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6599:Vivian Malone
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6574:Joseph Lowery
6572:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6499:Clyde Kennard
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6489:Vernon Jordan
6487:
6485:
6484:Matthew Jones
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6449:T. J. Jemison
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6434:Jesse Jackson
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6324:Robert Graetz
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6314:Golden Frinks
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6274:Charles Evers
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6224:Vernon Dahmer
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6179:Septima Clark
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6099:Bruce Boynton
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6024:James Baldwin
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5994:Mathew Ahmann
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5976:
5974:
5970:
5964:
5961:
5959:
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5929:
5926:
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5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5892:
5891:Youth Council
5889:
5888:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
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5825:
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5820:
5818:
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5813:
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5808:
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5800:
5798:
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5782:
5776:
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5752:
5749:
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5727:
5725:
5722:
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5719:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5697:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5683:
5679:
5678:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5666:
5662:
5660:
5659:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5646:
5643:
5642:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5617:
5615:
5611:
5605:
5602:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5589:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
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5551:
5548:
5544:
5541:
5540:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5523:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5501:
5497:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5484:
5483:
5482:Freedom Rides
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5462:
5458:
5456:
5455:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
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5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
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5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5400:
5398:
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5388:
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5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5361:
5360:
5356:
5355:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5341:
5337:
5336:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5318:
5317:
5313:
5312:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5300:
5296:
5292:
5291:
5287:
5285:
5284:
5280:
5278:
5277:
5273:
5271:
5270:
5266:
5265:
5264:
5263:
5259:
5258:
5256:
5252:
5246:
5243:
5240:
5239:
5235:
5232:
5231:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5211:
5209:
5207:Prior to 1954
5205:
5202:
5199:
5192:
5187:
5180:
5175:
5173:
5168:
5166:
5161:
5160:
5157:
5151:
5148:
5147:
5138:
5134:
5130:
5128:
5127:1-55728-827-5
5124:
5120:
5116:
5113:
5109:
5106:
5103:Brian Meeks,
5102:
5101:
5093:
5089:
5085:
5081:
5079:9780815651017
5075:
5071:
5070:
5064:
5063:
5052:
5048:
5042:
5027:on 2015-03-18
5026:
5022:
5021:Wearemany.org
5018:
5012:
5005:
5001:
4996:
4980:
4976:
4972:
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4889:
4885:
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4877:
4870:
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4851:
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4837:
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4823:
4819:
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4806:
4799:
4787:
4783:
4777:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4746:
4730:
4726:
4722:
4715:
4713:
4697:
4693:
4687:
4679:
4677:9781136977879
4673:
4669:
4662:
4660:
4653:
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4638:
4622:
4618:
4614:
4607:
4592:
4588:
4581:
4580:
4572:
4570:
4553:
4549:
4548:
4543:
4537:
4529:
4525:
4518:
4509:
4502:
4496:
4485:September 26,
4480:
4474:
4459:
4455:
4454:
4449:
4442:
4426:
4422:
4418:
4412:
4396:
4392:
4386:
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4370:
4364:
4357:
4351:
4344:
4343:
4338:
4332:
4325:
4324:
4319:
4313:
4306:
4300:
4285:
4281:
4275:
4260:
4256:
4249:
4233:
4229:
4223:
4216:
4215:Baltimore '68
4212:
4208:
4205:
4204:Peter B. Levy
4200:
4191:
4177:
4173:
4167:
4161:Pearson, 129.
4158:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4137:
4130:
4125:
4116:
4107:
4092:
4088:
4082:
4067:
4063:
4057:
4042:
4037:
4029:
4014:
4009:
4001:
3993:
3989:
3982:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3955:
3944:September 20,
3939:
3933:
3925:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3910:
3902:
3891:September 22,
3887:
3886:
3880:
3872:
3864:
3858:
3854:
3853:
3848:
3842:
3835:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3812:
3804:
3797:
3789:
3782:
3774:
3767:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3732:
3717:
3710:
3702:
3700:9780814743065
3696:
3692:
3691:
3683:
3676:
3672:
3666:
3652:
3648:
3642:
3626:
3622:
3616:
3614:
3605:
3598:
3590:
3588:9781452933221
3584:
3580:
3579:
3574:
3568:
3553:
3549:
3543:
3528:
3524:
3518:
3510:
3508:9781412823432
3504:
3500:
3499:
3491:
3483:
3481:9780815651017
3477:
3473:
3472:
3464:
3449:
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3438:
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3424:
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3371:
3369:
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3341:
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3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
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3321:
3318:
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3313:
3311:
3308:
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3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
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3286:
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3275:
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3269:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
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3229:
3225:
3220:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3186:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3125:
3121:
3112:
3108:
3106:
3102:
3101:Marcus Garvey
3098:
3093:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3067:
3064:
3060:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3040:David Gilbert
3037:
3033:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2992:
2989:
2985:
2984:Assata Shakur
2981:
2976:
2973:
2969:
2967:
2957:
2955:
2951:
2948:
2944:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2910:Stevie Wonder
2907:
2903:
2902:John Sinclair
2898:
2896:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2862:
2860:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2835:
2830:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2798:John Sinclair
2795:
2794:Pun Plamondon
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2765:
2763:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2749:Betty Shabazz
2746:
2745:San Francisco
2741:
2732:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2712:
2710:
2705:
2701:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2681:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2650:
2648:
2645:, during the
2644:
2640:
2636:
2630:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
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2449:
2437:
2436:Minstrel show
2434:
2432:
2431:Magical Negro
2429:
2427:
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2241:West Virginia
2239:
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2227:
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2219:
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2212:
2209:
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2199:
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2187:
2184:
2183:
2177:
2176:San Francisco
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2156:New York City
2154:
2152:
2149:
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2142:
2139:
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2134:
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2129:
2127:
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2119:
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2026:
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2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
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1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
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1926:
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1836:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1824:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1807:Nova Scotians
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1777:
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1735:
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1725:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1710:Black Indians
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1684:
1676:
1675:
1664:
1661:
1659:
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1654:
1651:
1649:
1648:HBCU (HBCUAC)
1646:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1625:
1624:
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1578:
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1555:
1553:
1552:
1549:Organizations
1548:
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1421:
1418:Organizations
1417:
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1136:
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1128:
1125:
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1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1086:Neighborhoods
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
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1035:
1030:
1029:
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1005:
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1003:
1002:
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984:
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962:
961:
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948:
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933:
931:
928:
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920:
919:
916:
913:
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904:
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899:
896:
894:
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889:
886:
884:
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874:
873:
869:
868:
863:
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857:
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851:
850:
846:
842:
841:
831:
826:
824:
819:
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812:
811:
809:
808:
803:
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782:
780:
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747:
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742:
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735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
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712:
711:
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697:
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692:
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659:
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651:
648:
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641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
600:Marcus Garvey
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
545:Assata Shakur
543:
541:
538:
537:
531:
530:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
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453:
450:
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445:
443:
440:
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418:
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410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
374:
371:Organizations
368:
367:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
329:Black leftism
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
296:
290:
289:
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136:
135:
132:
121:
118:
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111:
110:
109:
105:
99:
97:
93:
92:
91:
87:
83:United States
81:
77:
73:
69:
64:
58:
53:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
11354:Flower power
11293:Rodney riots
11208:BĂ„stad riots
11129:The Troubles
11063:
10637:
10622:
10563:
10555:
10547:
10539:
10531:
10523:
10504:
10496:
10488:
10480:
10472:
10467:Public Enemy
10466:
10458:
10451:
10444:
10438:
10432:
10424:
10418:
10410:
10404:
10398:
10390:
10384:
10378:
10216:Contemporary
10187:
10141:Frantz Fanon
10024:James Forman
10009:H. Rap Brown
9973:Afeni Shakur
9963:Nile Rodgers
9958:Alex Rackley
9928:Jamal Joseph
9832:Bobby Hutton
9822:John Huggins
9807:Reggie Forte
9777:Mark Comfort
9752:Richard Aoki
9713:Fred Hampton
9693:Elaine Brown
9500:Sportspeople
9470:Billionaires
9387:Sierra Leone
9290:Philadelphia
9126:Jacksonville
8953:Demographics
8785:Jack Johnson
8775:Muhammad Ali
8608:Conservatism
8595:
8543:Black church
8440:Andrew Young
8425:Ida B. Wells
8415:David Walker
8410:C. T. Vivian
8365:Paul Robeson
8360:Hiram Revels
8340:Colin Powell
8320:Barack Obama
8275:James Lawson
8230:Jimi Hendrix
8200:James Farmer
8195:Medgar Evers
8165:Ralph Bunche
8115:Maya Angelou
8089:Middle class
7967:Afrofuturism
7893:
7881:
7874:
7795:
7740:
7687:
7653:Afrocentrism
7643:Abolitionism
7572:
7512:David Garrow
7492:John Dittmer
7363:
7290:Brown Chapel
7247:
7240:
7233:
7226:
7219:
7205:
7162:
7014:Andrew Young
6969:A. T. Walden
6964:C. T. Vivian
6924:Maxine Smith
6759:Homer Plessy
6739:James Orange
6694:Irene Morgan
6649:William Ming
6629:Ralph McGill
6564:Viola Liuzzo
6549:Jim Letherer
6534:James Lawson
6464:Vernon Johns
6454:Esau Jenkins
6409:Myles Horton
6359:Fred Hampton
6349:Prathia Hall
6339:Dick Gregory
6309:Marie Foster
6304:James Forman
6294:James Farmer
6279:Medgar Evers
6239:Angela Davis
6174:Ramsey Clark
6154:James Chaney
6149:Johnnie Carr
6129:Ralph Bunche
6124:H. Rap Brown
6114:Ruby Bridges
6074:Joanne Bland
6049:Claude Black
6029:Marion Barry
5999:Muhammad Ali
5826:
5762:
5755:
5716:
5694:
5663:
5656:
5498:
5459:
5452:
5382:Kissing Case
5357:
5314:
5297:
5288:
5281:
5274:
5267:
5260:
5236:
5228:
5136:
5118:
5111:
5104:
5087:
5068:
5060:Bibliography
5046:
5041:
5029:. Retrieved
5025:the original
5020:
5011:
4995:
4983:. Retrieved
4979:the original
4974:
4965:
4944:
4932:. Retrieved
4928:
4879:
4875:
4869:
4857:. Retrieved
4853:
4844:
4812:
4805:
4797:
4790:. Retrieved
4785:
4776:
4764:. Retrieved
4760:the original
4755:
4745:
4733:. Retrieved
4729:the original
4724:
4699:. Retrieved
4696:Usatoday.com
4695:
4686:
4667:
4643:
4637:
4627:December 27,
4625:. Retrieved
4621:the original
4616:
4606:
4596:December 27,
4594:. Retrieved
4578:
4556:. Retrieved
4552:the original
4545:
4536:
4527:
4517:
4508:
4500:
4495:
4483:. Retrieved
4473:
4462:. Retrieved
4458:the original
4451:
4441:
4429:. Retrieved
4425:the original
4421:Fultonda.org
4420:
4411:
4399:. Retrieved
4394:
4385:
4376:
4368:
4363:
4355:
4350:
4340:
4331:
4321:
4312:
4304:
4299:
4287:. Retrieved
4283:
4274:
4262:. Retrieved
4258:
4248:
4238:February 19,
4236:. Retrieved
4231:
4222:
4214:
4199:
4190:
4179:. Retrieved
4175:
4166:
4157:
4149:
4145:
4136:
4128:
4124:
4115:
4106:
4094:. Retrieved
4090:
4081:
4069:. Retrieved
4065:
4056:
4044:. Retrieved
4040:
4028:
4016:. Retrieved
4012:
4000:
3991:
3981:
3967:(9): 25â45.
3964:
3960:
3954:
3942:. Retrieved
3932:
3908:
3901:
3889:. Retrieved
3883:
3871:
3851:
3841:
3832:
3820:
3811:
3802:
3796:
3787:
3781:
3772:
3766:
3741:
3737:
3731:
3719:. Retrieved
3709:
3689:
3682:
3675:Africana Age
3674:
3665:
3654:. Retrieved
3650:
3641:
3629:. Retrieved
3624:
3603:
3597:
3577:
3567:
3555:. Retrieved
3551:
3542:
3530:. Retrieved
3526:
3517:
3497:
3490:
3470:
3463:
3451:. Retrieved
3447:
3437:
3276:
3252:paramilitary
3233:
3187:
3179:Freedom Ride
3131:
3122:
3118:
3109:
3089:
3068:
3056:
3036:Kathy Boudin
3029:
2993:
2977:
2970:
2963:
2954:Elaine Brown
2940:
2913:
2899:
2863:
2859:bank robbery
2839:
2834:Angela Davis
2818:labor rights
2810:
2766:
2747:airport for
2737:
2713:
2697:
2678:
2670:Paul Robeson
2662:Pan-Asianism
2651:
2632:
2581:
2550:
2535:
2514:
2510:
2508:
2334:Sierra Leone
2166:Philadelphia
2136:Jacksonville
1732:Brass Ankles
1485:Conservatism
1460:Afrocentrism
1432:Joint Center
1323:Black church
1314:Institutions
1229:Billionaires
1219:Middle class
1172:Celebrations
1135:Fraternities
949:
789:Youth rights
774:The Troubles
693:
686:
674:
667:
570:Fred Hampton
555:Elaine Brown
540:Angela Davis
309:Afrocentrism
257:
161:
47:Part of the
36:
11447:Black Power
11421:Vietnam War
11344:Black power
10941:Freak scene
10929:Subcultures
10786:Human Be-In
10761:Beatlemania
10525:Soul on Ice
10303:Young Lords
10273:NgÄ Tamatoa
10190:(newspaper)
10126:Black power
10039:Malik Rahim
10034:Pete O'Neal
9782:Aaron Dixon
9677:Bobby Seale
9520:US senators
9490:Republicans
9475:Journalists
9332:San Antonio
9297:Puerto Rico
9238:Mississippi
9131:Tallahassee
9104:Los Angeles
8795:Jesse Owens
8780:Arthur Ashe
8638:Nationalism
8628:Raised fist
8591:Black power
8496:in medicine
8430:Roy Wilkins
8385:Emmett Till
8370:Al Sharpton
8135:Julian Bond
8130:James Bevel
8094:Upper class
8084:Stereotypes
7977:Black mecca
7889:Plantations
7668:Black Codes
7532:Doug McAdam
7502:Chuck Fager
7129:Nonviolence
7034:James Zwerg
7029:Bob Zellner
6989:Roy Wilkins
6939:Hank Thomas
6874:Pete Seeger
6869:Bobby Seale
6734:Jack O'Dell
6729:Edgar Nixon
6659:Amzie Moore
6654:Jack Minnis
6594:Mae Mallory
6579:Clara Luper
6539:Bernard Lee
6429:Cecil Ivory
6424:Ruby Hurley
6394:Oliver Hill
6389:Aaron Henry
6289:Chuck Fager
6249:Dave Dennis
6139:Guy Carawan
6079:Julian Bond
6044:James Bevel
6034:Daisy Bates
5305:Emmett Till
5188:(1954â1968)
5031:October 21,
4985:October 25,
4975:Workers.org
4950:Foley, Gary
4921:Foley, Gary
4859:October 25,
4701:October 25,
4431:October 25,
4401:October 23,
4194:Stohl, 249.
3631:January 14,
3557:October 20,
3368:Black mecca
3189:Bobbi Sykes
3169:in Sydney,
2906:John Lennon
2878:UN Missions
2772:, creating
2720:Bobby Seale
2704:Los Angeles
2700:Watts riots
2656:began as a
2402:Stereotypes
2329:Nova Scotia
2211:Mississippi
2171:San Antonio
2151:Los Angeles
2086:Black mecca
2013:Mississippi
1920:Negro Dutch
1742:Dominickers
1686:Multiethnic
1595:TransAfrica
1505:Nationalism
1475:Black power
1259:Black pride
1224:Upper class
923:Politicians
784:White power
590:John Africa
580:Hakim Jamal
339:Black pride
273:Raised fist
225:Black power
114:black power
107:Resulted in
11441:Categories
11374:Hot Autumn
10918:newspapers
10846:Dialoguero
10740:Youthquake
10608:Panther 21
10588:COINTELPRO
10312:Subsequent
10268:I Wor Kuen
10119:Influences
10075:Bobby Rush
10065:Mark Clark
10019:Mark Essex
9933:Chaka Khan
9852:Pat Parker
9767:Ed Bullins
9708:Donald Cox
9686:Leadership
9465:Astronauts
9255:New Jersey
9099:California
8603:Capitalism
8400:Nat Turner
8330:Rosa Parks
8315:Diane Nash
8285:John Lewis
8074:Newspapers
8044:Literature
8029:Juneteenth
7982:Businesses
7836:Exodusters
7804:Free Negro
7475:historians
7156:Satyagraha
7122:Influences
6814:James Reeb
6749:James Peck
6744:Rosa Parks
6714:Diane Nash
6584:Danny Lyon
6559:John Lewis
6504:A. D. King
6404:James Hood
6019:Ella Baker
5989:Zev Aelony
5133:Paul Avery
4827:0679743138
4735:August 31,
4464:2019-06-04
4181:2022-04-07
4046:October 2,
4018:October 2,
3656:2020-04-24
3429:References
3264:Democratic
3217:See also:
3199:Gary Foley
3181:" led by
3059:Leo Brooks
2804:office in
2757:COINTELPRO
2755:developed
2698:After the
2623:The Origin
1968:California
1942:Population
1515:Patriotism
1500:Liberalism
1480:Capitalism
1451:Ideologies
1332:Theologies
1191:Juneteenth
1163:Literature
1091:Newspapers
999:Migrations
930:Juneteenth
749:Hutu Power
640:Rosa Parks
630:Obi Egbuna
293:Ideologies
275:events of
74:1966â1980s
11359:Free love
11020:Movements
10814:movements
10803:Woodstock
10661:Category|
10156:Malcolm X
9802:Kent Ford
9579:Monuments
9455:Activists
9307:Tennessee
9227:Michigan
9211:Baltimore
9201:Louisiana
9194:Lexington
9177:Davenport
9116:Cleveland
9015:Languages
8944:Melungeon
8922:Blaxicans
8790:Joe Louis
8645:Socialism
8581:Anarchism
8310:Bob Moses
8295:Malcolm X
8215:Fred Gray
8079:Soul food
8017:New Negro
8002:Folktales
7912:Redlining
7134:Padayatra
7083:"Kumbaya"
7043:By region
6699:Bob Moses
6604:Bob Mants
6589:Malcolm X
6509:C.B. King
6329:Fred Gray
5972:Activists
5613:1964â1968
5396:1960â1963
5254:1954â1959
4934:2 October
4904:148914542
4896:1548-1867
4264:April 22,
4066:USA TODAY
3758:145051546
3721:April 17,
3532:March 11,
3453:March 10,
3448:Aaihs.org
3146:Melbourne
3086:Education
2938:members.
2874:apartheid
2782:Cleveland
2680:Malcolm X
2604:socialism
2588:Malcolm X
2569:socialism
2557:Malcolm X
2426:Hollywood
2416:Blackface
2351:Prejudice
2269:US cities
2146:Lexington
2121:Davenport
2101:Baltimore
2077:US cities
2053:Tennessee
2003:Louisiana
1949:US states
1757:Melungeon
1727:Blaxicans
1525:Socialism
1490:Garveyism
1465:Anarchism
1269:Good hair
1096:Soul food
1066:Folktales
769:Socialism
739:Communism
714:Anarchism
620:Michael X
595:Malcolm X
89:Caused by
11379:New Left
11032:ZenkyĆtĆ
10961:Rude boy
10871:protests
10710:timeline
10634:" (2000)
9665:Founders
9602:Category
9393:America
9359:Diaspora
9344:Virginia
9277:Oklahoma
9260:New York
9243:Nebraska
9206:Maryland
9189:Kentucky
9155:Illinois
9094:Arkansas
8999:Illinois
8937:of color
8623:Populism
8596:Movement
8513:Religion
7855:Lynching
7638:Timeline
7064:Movement
6494:Tom Kahn
5778:Activist
5198:timeline
5090:(2019),
5004:CBS News
4836:26096713
4648:Archived
4289:June 21,
4207:Archived
4071:July 16,
3849:(2011).
3819:(1963).
3403:New Left
3346:See also
3194:Paul Coe
3158:Bob Maza
3142:Brisbane
3063:tear gas
2947:hijacked
2884:and the
2610:and the
2523:redlined
2466:Category
2289:Diaspora
2216:Missouri
2141:Kentucky
2068:Virginia
2038:Oklahoma
2023:New York
2018:Nebraska
2008:Maryland
1983:Illinois
1963:Arkansas
1802:Merikins
1747:Freedmen
1720:Mascogos
1520:Populism
1411:Politics
1306:Religion
1276:Stepping
1042:Lifeways
878:Timeline
845:a series
843:Part of
802:Category
754:New Left
744:Feminism
217:a series
79:Location
11404:Morocco
11327:Related
10971:Yippies
10452:Panther
9730:Members
9530:Writers
9495:Singers
9480:Jurists
9428:Europe
9382:Liberia
9327:Houston
9231:Detroit
9167:Indiana
9160:Chicago
9143:Atlanta
9138:Georgia
9121:Florida
9089:Alabama
9039:English
8613:Leftism
8483:Museums
8034:Kwanzaa
7959:Culture
7927:Slavery
7630:History
7189:Related
6779:Al Raby
5734:funeral
5597:Big Six
4766:May 14,
4558:May 20,
4326:, 2005.
4217:, p. 6.
3914:230â234
3829:1071204
3171:Fitzroy
3167:Redfern
3008:Clinton
2943:Oakland
2618:History
2324:Liberia
2206:Georgia
2201:Florida
2131:Houston
2126:Detroit
2111:Chicago
2096:Atlanta
1988:Indiana
1978:Georgia
1973:Florida
1958:Alabama
1890:Tutnese
1769:Redbone
1495:Leftism
1196:Kwanzaa
1153:Studies
1105:Schools
1034:Culture
963:Aspects
908:Slavery
870:Periods
862:History
708:Related
268:Kwanzaa
242:History
11364:Hippie
11157:Events
10956:Rocker
10946:Hippie
10627:(1971)
10568:(2013)
10560:(1992)
10552:(1973)
10544:(1972)
10536:(1970)
10528:(1968)
10509:(2024)
10501:(2021)
10493:(2015)
10485:(2010)
10477:(2001)
10469:(1999)
10463:(1996)
10455:(1995)
10447:(1992)
10441:(1974)
10435:(1973)
10429:(1971)
10421:(1970)
10415:(1969)
10407:(1969)
10401:(1969)
10399:Mayday
10395:(1968)
10387:(1968)
10381:(1968)
10094:Others
9542:Mayors
9460:Actors
9432:France
9424:Israel
9412:Mexico
9397:Canada
9372:Gambia
9367:Africa
9317:Austin
9282:Oregon
9221:Boston
9184:Kansas
9150:Hawaii
9068:Gullah
8878:Yoruba
8868:Gullah
8739:Sports
8657:groups
8487:Women
8024:Hoodoo
7898:(1896)
7824:Second
7800:(1857)
7745:(1956)
7692:(1954)
7375:Legacy
7151:Ahimsa
5780:groups
5241:(1950)
5233:(1950)
5194:Events
5125:
5076:
4902:
4894:
4834:
4824:
4792:May 8,
4674:
4096:May 6,
3920:
3859:
3827:
3756:
3697:
3585:
3505:
3478:
3244:Bloods
3213:Legacy
3138:Sydney
3103:, and
2920:Maoist
2358:Racism
2319:Israel
2309:France
2304:Canada
2299:Africa
2106:Boston
2043:Oregon
1998:Kansas
1908:Gullah
1797:Gullah
1617:Sports
1364:Hoodoo
534:People
116:ideals
10906:Media
10517:Books
9443:Lists
9407:Haiti
9377:Ghana
9312:Texas
9248:Omaha
8526:Islam
8059:Names
8049:Music
7987:Dance
7473:Noted
7066:songs
5886:NAACP
5739:riots
4957:(PDF)
4900:S2CID
4583:(PDF)
3754:S2CID
3248:Crips
3115:Media
3018:from
3006:near
2780:. In
2538:Ghana
2471:Index
2314:Ghana
2236:Texas
2161:Omaha
2058:Texas
1570:NAACP
1081:Names
1071:Music
1051:Dance
662:Works
219:about
10718:Arts
9339:Utah
9172:Iowa
9004:Ohio
8965:list
8873:Igbo
8863:Fula
8007:Hair
7997:Film
7714:1968
7704:1964
5123:ISBN
5074:ISBN
5033:2022
4987:2017
4936:2022
4892:ISSN
4861:2017
4832:OCLC
4822:ISBN
4794:2013
4768:2013
4756:Time
4737:2012
4703:2017
4672:ISBN
4629:2009
4598:2009
4560:2007
4547:Time
4487:2011
4433:2017
4403:2010
4291:2023
4266:2013
4240:2013
4098:2015
4073:2018
4048:2014
4020:2014
3946:2017
3918:ISBN
3893:2017
3857:ISBN
3825:OCLC
3723:2014
3695:ISBN
3633:2018
3583:ISBN
3559:2022
3534:2017
3503:ISBN
3476:ISBN
3455:2017
3246:and
3156:and
3144:and
3038:and
2972:MOVE
2908:and
2796:and
2718:and
2672:and
2602:and
2586:and
2509:The
2404:and
2063:Utah
2033:Ohio
1993:Iowa
1600:UNCF
1061:Film
910:and
507:SNCC
472:MOVE
281:1972
279:and
277:1968
71:Date
10951:Mod
7972:Art
7829:New
4884:doi
4880:100
4818:114
4587:doi
3992:CNN
3969:doi
3746:doi
2880:of
2753:FBI
2702:in
2691:in
2544:in
2513:or
1158:Art
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