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Black women in the silent film era

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some portions of it that have survived such as its title, but would be missing one or two reels of film. Only 2,749 (25%) of American silent feature films survive in complete form. Another 562 (17% of the surviving titles and 5% of total production) survive in incomplete form. For all these reasons, many more women of color were likely involved than we currently know.
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in the United States was from the late 1890s to the mid 1920s, but only a fraction of the original inventory still exist today. “There is no single number for existing American silent-era feature films, as the surviving copies vary in format and completeness.” There are silent films that would only
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African American cinema evolved at just about the same pace as white cinema, and although the role of Black women in early silent film has only recently begun to receive popular and academic attention, Black women were involved in Black cinema from the very start of U.S. film history. In their own
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also worked very hard to break female and racial stereotypes which also extended to how women contributed to the film-making process. According to The Library of Congress publication on silent era women behind the camera, women had more participation in the film industry in a wider sense than
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perceived, and the role of film editor, for example, was viewed as a women's job. Other women took on roles as script writer, producer, director,
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Columbia University on Women Film Pioneer Project: African-American Women in the Silent Film Industry
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Sisters in Cinema Documentary: A History of African American Women Feature Film Directors
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Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL)
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Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH)
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Black Film Archive: A showcase for Black films made from 1915 to 1979
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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
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was also honored with the same distinction for her work in
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was called the first Black woman filmmaker for her work on
537:"Eloyce King Patrick Gist – Women Film Pioneers Project" 383: 326: 635: 674:"The Survival of American Silent Films:1912-1929" 465:"Maria P. 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4155: 4153: 4152: 4147: 4142: 4137: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4100:Harriet Tubman 4097: 4092: 4087: 4082: 4077: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4057: 4052: 4047: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4030:Michelle Obama 4027: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3972: 3967: 3962: 3960:Barbara Jordan 3957: 3955:Harriet Jacobs 3952: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3867: 3862: 3857: 3852: 3847: 3845:Amelia Boynton 3842: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3811: 3809: 3808:Notable people 3805: 3804: 3802: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3776: 3771: 3766: 3761: 3756: 3751: 3746: 3744:LGBT community 3741: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3725: 3724: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3668: 3666: 3660: 3659: 3657: 3656: 3651: 3646: 3641: 3640: 3639: 3629: 3624: 3619: 3614: 3609: 3604: 3596: 3591: 3584: 3577: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3557: 3552: 3543: 3538: 3537: 3536: 3531: 3521: 3516: 3511: 3506: 3498: 3493: 3488: 3487: 3486: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3461: 3459:Freedom Riders 3456: 3451: 3443: 3433: 3428: 3423: 3422: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3403: 3398: 3390: 3385: 3383:Black genocide 3380: 3375: 3370: 3365: 3360: 3355: 3350: 3345: 3339: 3337: 3331: 3330: 3323: 3322: 3315: 3308: 3300: 3291: 3290: 3288: 3287: 3277: 3266: 3263: 3262: 3260: 3259: 3254: 3249: 3244: 3239: 3234: 3229: 3224: 3219: 3214: 3209: 3204: 3199: 3194: 3189: 3187:Reverse motion 3184: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3149: 3144: 3139: 3137:Modernist film 3134: 3129: 3124: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3093: 3092: 3082: 3077: 3076: 3075: 3070: 3060: 3055: 3050: 3045: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3029: 3028: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3003: 3002: 3001: 2999:midnight movie 2991: 2986: 2981: 2976: 2971: 2966: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2925: 2924: 2919: 2914: 2909: 2904: 2899: 2889: 2884: 2878: 2876: 2866: 2865: 2863: 2862: 2861: 2860: 2855: 2845: 2844: 2843: 2838: 2828: 2827: 2826: 2821: 2813: 2812: 2811: 2801: 2796: 2790: 2788: 2787:By demographic 2784: 2783: 2781: 2780: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2760: 2755: 2750: 2745: 2740: 2735: 2734: 2733: 2726:Social realist 2723: 2718: 2713: 2708: 2703: 2698: 2693: 2688: 2683: 2681:Poliziotteschi 2678: 2673: 2671:Poetic realist 2668: 2663: 2658: 2653: 2648: 2643: 2638: 2633: 2628: 2626:New generation 2623: 2618: 2613: 2608: 2603: 2601:Modernist film 2598: 2593: 2591:L.A. Rebellion 2588: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2548: 2543: 2538: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2498: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2468: 2463: 2458: 2456:CinĂ©ma du look 2453: 2448: 2443: 2438: 2437: 2436: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2385: 2383: 2377: 2376: 2374: 2373: 2372: 2371: 2369:Zapata Western 2366: 2361: 2356: 2351: 2349:Singing cowboy 2346: 2341: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2321: 2316: 2311: 2306: 2304:Dacoit Western 2301: 2296: 2286: 2285: 2284: 2279: 2274: 2264: 2259: 2254: 2249: 2244: 2239: 2234: 2229: 2224: 2223: 2222: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2197: 2192: 2187: 2185:Shoshimin-eiga 2182: 2181: 2180: 2175: 2173:Nunsploitation 2170: 2168:Pornochanchada 2165: 2160: 2155: 2150: 2140: 2135: 2130: 2125: 2120: 2115: 2114: 2113: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2083: 2082: 2081: 2071: 2066: 2061: 2056: 2055: 2054: 2053: 2052: 2042: 2037: 2032: 2027: 2017: 2016: 2015: 2005: 2004: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1968: 1963: 1958: 1957: 1956: 1951: 1941: 1936: 1935: 1934: 1924: 1919: 1914: 1913: 1912: 1907: 1902: 1892: 1887: 1882: 1881: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1860: 1855: 1850: 1845: 1843:Food and drink 1840: 1835: 1834: 1833: 1828: 1823: 1821:Blaxploitation 1813: 1808: 1803: 1798: 1793: 1792: 1791: 1786: 1776: 1775: 1774: 1764: 1759: 1758: 1757: 1752: 1750:Poliziotteschi 1747: 1742: 1737: 1732: 1727: 1722: 1717: 1712: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1687: 1682: 1677: 1672: 1667: 1662: 1661: 1660: 1655: 1645: 1640: 1635: 1629: 1627: 1623: 1622: 1620: 1619: 1614: 1613: 1612: 1607: 1605:Extreme cinema 1602: 1592: 1591: 1590: 1585: 1580: 1575: 1570: 1565: 1560: 1555: 1550: 1545: 1535: 1530: 1525: 1524: 1523: 1518: 1513: 1508: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1473: 1468: 1463: 1453: 1452: 1451: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1430: 1429: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1403: 1402: 1395: 1390: 1380: 1375: 1374: 1373: 1368: 1367: 1366: 1361: 1346: 1345: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1324: 1319: 1309: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1293: 1292: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1272: 1267: 1262: 1257: 1252: 1247: 1242: 1237: 1232: 1227: 1222: 1217: 1212: 1207: 1202: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1185:Chinese horror 1182: 1177: 1172: 1162: 1161: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1130: 1129: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1108: 1107: 1106: 1101: 1096: 1091: 1086: 1081: 1076: 1066: 1065: 1064: 1051: 1046: 1045: 1044: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1023: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1007: 997: 996: 995: 994: 993: 983: 978: 973: 968: 958: 957: 956: 951: 946: 941: 936: 931: 926: 921: 916: 906: 905: 904: 894: 893: 892: 887: 882: 877: 872: 867: 862: 857: 852: 847: 842: 837: 832: 831: 830: 820: 815: 805: 800: 795: 790: 789: 788: 778: 777: 776: 771: 766: 755: 753: 749: 748: 738: 737: 730: 723: 715: 707: 706: 682: 653: 628: 603: 579: 552: 528: 504: 480: 456: 447:|journal= 419: 418: 416: 413: 412: 411: 397: 382: 381: 376: 371: 366: 359: 356: 355: 354: 348: 343: 337: 336: 332:A website for 328: 325: 323: 320: 319: 318: 315: 308: 306: 303: 296: 294: 291: 284: 282: 279: 272: 270: 267: 260: 258: 255: 248: 246: 243: 236: 234: 231: 224: 215: 212: 162: 159: 124: 123: 121: 120: 115: 110: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 60: 55: 50: 45: 40: 38:Birdie Gilmore 34: 32: 28: 27: 23: 22: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5397: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5337: 5335: 5320: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5304: 5301: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5289:Neighborhoods 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5252:Sports firsts 5250: 5248: 5245: 5244: 5243: 5240: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5157: 5156: 5153: 5152: 5150: 5146: 5138: 5135: 5134: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5099: 5097: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5074: 5073: 5070: 5069: 5067: 5065: 5061: 5055: 5054:West Virginia 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5019: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4996: 4993: 4992: 4991:Pennsylvania 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4971: 4970:New York City 4968: 4967: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4954: 4951: 4950: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4937: 4934: 4933: 4931: 4927: 4924: 4923: 4921: 4917: 4914: 4913: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4900: 4897: 4896: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4883: 4880: 4879: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4866: 4863: 4862: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4849: 4846: 4845: 4844: 4841: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4828: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4815: 4814:San Francisco 4812: 4810: 4807: 4806: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4791: 4789: 4787:By state/city 4785: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4756: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4746: 4745: 4742: 4738: 4735: 4734: 4733: 4732:American Sign 4730: 4728: 4725: 4724: 4722: 4718: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4701: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4679: 4678: 4675: 4671: 4668: 4667: 4666: 4665:Neighborhoods 4663: 4662: 4660: 4656: 4650: 4647: 4643: 4640: 4639: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4597: 4596: 4595:Black Indians 4593: 4591: 4588: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4565: 4563: 4562: 4560: 4556: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4536: 4533: 4531: 4528: 4527: 4525: 4517: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4452: 4449: 4446: 4442: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4367: 4365: 4357: 4351: 4348: 4344: 4341: 4340: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4302: 4299: 4298: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4283: 4281: 4277: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4254: 4251: 4250: 4249: 4246: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4233: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4223: 4221: 4219: 4215: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4193: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4173:Black schools 4171: 4169: 4168:Black studies 4166: 4165: 4163: 4157: 4151: 4150:Whitney Young 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4140:Oprah Winfrey 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4110:Denmark Vesey 4108: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4078: 4076: 4073: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4055:Joseph Rainey 4053: 4051: 4048: 4046: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4010:Toni Morrison 4008: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3995:Joseph Lowery 3993: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3940:Jesse Jackson 3938: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3930:Kamala Harris 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3915:Marcus Garvey 3913: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3865:Blanche Bruce 3863: 3861: 3860:Edward Brooke 3858: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3850:James Bradley 3848: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3830:James Baldwin 3828: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3812: 3810: 3806: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3774:Neighborhoods 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3723: 3720: 3719: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3693: 3690: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3669: 3667: 3665: 3661: 3655: 3652: 3650: 3647: 3645: 3642: 3638: 3635: 3634: 3633: 3630: 3628: 3627:Silent Parade 3625: 3623: 3620: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3610: 3608: 3605: 3602: 3601: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3589: 3585: 3583: 3582: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3571: 3568: 3566: 3563: 3561: 3558: 3556: 3555:Jim Crow laws 3553: 3551: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3535: 3532: 3530: 3527: 3526: 3525: 3522: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3504: 3503: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3449: 3448: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3438: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3424: 3420: 3417: 3415: 3412: 3410: 3407: 3406: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3396: 3395: 3391: 3389: 3386: 3384: 3381: 3379: 3378:Black cowboys 3376: 3374: 3371: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3361: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3346: 3344: 3341: 3340: 3338: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3321: 3316: 3314: 3309: 3307: 3302: 3301: 3298: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3276: 3268: 3267: 3264: 3258: 3255: 3253: 3250: 3248: 3245: 3243: 3240: 3238: 3235: 3233: 3230: 3228: 3225: 3223: 3220: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3208: 3205: 3203: 3200: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3182:Postmodernist 3180: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3172:Participatory 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3153: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3142:Musical short 3140: 3138: 3135: 3133: 3130: 3128: 3125: 3123: 3120: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3095: 3091: 3088: 3087: 3086: 3083: 3081: 3078: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3065: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3054: 3053:Found footage 3051: 3049: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3027: 3024: 3023: 3022: 3019: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3000: 2997: 2996: 2995: 2992: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2982: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2965: 2962: 2960: 2959:CinĂ©ma vĂ©ritĂ© 2957: 2955: 2952: 2950: 2947: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2935: 2932: 2930: 2927: 2923: 2920: 2918: 2915: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2903: 2900: 2898: 2895: 2894: 2893: 2890: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2880: 2879: 2877: 2875:or production 2867: 2859: 2856: 2854: 2851: 2850: 2849: 2846: 2842: 2839: 2837: 2834: 2833: 2832: 2829: 2825: 2822: 2820: 2817: 2816: 2814: 2810: 2807: 2806: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2791: 2789: 2785: 2779: 2776: 2774: 2771: 2769: 2766: 2764: 2761: 2759: 2756: 2754: 2751: 2749: 2746: 2744: 2741: 2739: 2736: 2732: 2729: 2728: 2727: 2724: 2722: 2719: 2717: 2714: 2712: 2709: 2707: 2704: 2702: 2699: 2697: 2694: 2692: 2691:Prussian film 2689: 2687: 2684: 2682: 2679: 2677: 2674: 2672: 2669: 2667: 2664: 2662: 2659: 2657: 2654: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2642: 2639: 2637: 2636:New Nollywood 2634: 2632: 2631:New Hollywood 2629: 2627: 2624: 2622: 2619: 2617: 2614: 2612: 2609: 2607: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2487: 2484: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2464: 2462: 2459: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2451:Cannibal boom 2449: 2447: 2446:Calligrafismo 2444: 2442: 2439: 2435: 2432: 2431: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2414:Berlin School 2412: 2410: 2407: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2390: 2387: 2386: 2384: 2378: 2370: 2367: 2365: 2364:Weird Western 2362: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2305: 2302: 2300: 2297: 2295: 2292: 2291: 2290: 2287: 2283: 2280: 2278: 2275: 2273: 2270: 2269: 2268: 2265: 2263: 2260: 2258: 2255: 2253: 2250: 2248: 2245: 2243: 2240: 2238: 2235: 2233: 2230: 2228: 2225: 2221: 2218: 2217: 2216: 2213: 2211: 2208: 2206: 2203: 2201: 2198: 2196: 2195:Slice of life 2193: 2191: 2188: 2186: 2183: 2179: 2176: 2174: 2171: 2169: 2166: 2164: 2161: 2159: 2156: 2154: 2151: 2149: 2148:Bavarian porn 2146: 2145: 2144: 2143:Sexploitation 2141: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2131: 2129: 2126: 2124: 2121: 2119: 2116: 2112: 2109: 2108: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2101:Partisan film 2099: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2089: 2087: 2084: 2080: 2077: 2076: 2075: 2072: 2070: 2069:Muslim social 2067: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2051: 2050:Zombie comedy 2048: 2047: 2046: 2043: 2041: 2038: 2036: 2033: 2031: 2028: 2026: 2025:Giant monster 2023: 2022: 2021: 2018: 2014: 2011: 2010: 2009: 2006: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1973: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1947: 1946: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1937: 1933: 1930: 1929: 1928: 1925: 1923: 1920: 1918: 1915: 1911: 1908: 1906: 1903: 1901: 1898: 1897: 1896: 1893: 1891: 1888: 1886: 1883: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1865: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1844: 1841: 1839: 1836: 1832: 1829: 1827: 1826:Mexploitation 1824: 1822: 1819: 1818: 1817: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1790: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1781: 1780: 1777: 1773: 1770: 1769: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1756: 1753: 1751: 1748: 1746: 1743: 1741: 1738: 1736: 1733: 1731: 1728: 1726: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1711: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1692: 1691: 1688: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1680:Coming-of-age 1678: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1663: 1659: 1656: 1654: 1651: 1650: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1634: 1631: 1630: 1628: 1624: 1618: 1615: 1611: 1608: 1606: 1603: 1601: 1598: 1597: 1596: 1595:Transgressive 1593: 1589: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1579: 1578:Psychological 1576: 1574: 1571: 1569: 1566: 1564: 1561: 1559: 1556: 1554: 1551: 1549: 1546: 1544: 1541: 1540: 1539: 1536: 1534: 1531: 1529: 1528:Slice of life 1526: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1512: 1509: 1507: 1504: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1458: 1457: 1454: 1450: 1447: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1437: 1435: 1432: 1428: 1425: 1424: 1423: 1420: 1419: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1400: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1385: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1376: 1372: 1369: 1365: 1362: 1360: 1357: 1356: 1355: 1352: 1351: 1350: 1347: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1314: 1313: 1310: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1281: 1278: 1276: 1273: 1271: 1268: 1266: 1265:Psychological 1263: 1261: 1258: 1256: 1253: 1251: 1248: 1246: 1243: 1241: 1240:Korean horror 1238: 1236: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1221: 1218: 1216: 1213: 1211: 1210:Found footage 1208: 1206: 1203: 1201: 1198: 1196: 1193: 1191: 1188: 1186: 1183: 1181: 1178: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1167: 1166: 1163: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1135: 1134: 1131: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1113: 1112: 1109: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1099:Magic realism 1097: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1085: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1075: 1072: 1071: 1070: 1067: 1063: 1062: 1057: 1056: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1043: 1040: 1039: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1021: 1018: 1016: 1015:Sexploitation 1013: 1011: 1008: 1006: 1003: 1002: 1001: 998: 992: 989: 988: 987: 984: 982: 979: 977: 974: 972: 969: 967: 966:Calligrafismo 964: 963: 962: 959: 955: 952: 950: 947: 945: 942: 940: 937: 935: 932: 930: 927: 925: 922: 920: 919:City symphony 917: 915: 912: 911: 910: 907: 903: 900: 899: 898: 895: 891: 888: 886: 883: 881: 878: 876: 873: 871: 868: 866: 863: 861: 858: 856: 853: 851: 848: 846: 843: 841: 838: 836: 833: 829: 826: 825: 824: 821: 819: 816: 814: 811: 810: 809: 806: 804: 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4313:Conservatism 4248:Black church 4145:Andrew Young 4130:Ida B. Wells 4120:David Walker 4115:C. T. Vivian 4070:Paul Robeson 4065:Hiram Revels 4045:Colin Powell 4025:Barack Obama 3980:James Lawson 3935:Jimi Hendrix 3905:James Farmer 3900:Medgar Evers 3870:Ralph Bunche 3820:Maya Angelou 3794:Middle class 3672:Afrofuturism 3598: 3586: 3579: 3500: 3445: 3392: 3358:Afrocentrism 3348:Abolitionism 3021:Experimental 3016:Ethnofiction 2763:Third Cinema 2666:Persian Film 2409:Auteur films 2380:By movement 2237:Swashbuckler 2096:Ozploitation 2091:Outlaw biker 1971:Martial arts 1966:Magical girl 1816:Exploitation 1811:Ethnographic 1740:Mafia comedy 1383:Pornographic 1260:Psycho-biddy 1245:Lovecraftian 1079:Contemporary 1060: 1054:Exploitation 1049:Experimental 929:Mockumentary 798:Biographical 698:. Retrieved 694: 685: 645:. Retrieved 641: 631: 620:. Retrieved 617:The Atlantic 616: 606: 595:. Retrieved 591: 582: 570:. Retrieved 555: 544:. Retrieved 540: 531: 520:. Retrieved 516: 507: 496:. Retrieved 492: 483: 472:. Retrieved 468: 459: 438:cite journal 423: 316:Evelyn Preer 217: 204: 164: 154: 150: 142: 134: 127: 113:Cleo Desmond 108:Laura Bowman 103:Susie Sutton 93:Evelyn Preer 78:Mrs. M. Webb 15: 5225:US senators 5195:Republicans 5180:Journalists 5037:San Antonio 5002:Puerto Rico 4943:Mississippi 4836:Tallahassee 4809:Los Angeles 4500:Jesse Owens 4485:Arthur Ashe 4343:Nationalism 4333:Raised fist 4296:Black power 4201:in medicine 4135:Roy Wilkins 4090:Emmett Till 4075:Al Sharpton 3840:Julian Bond 3835:James Bevel 3799:Upper class 3789:Stereotypes 3682:Black mecca 3594:Plantations 3373:Black Codes 3247:Video nasty 3242:Underground 3227:Slow cinema 3197:Sceneggiata 3085:Live action 3063:Independent 3043:Film Ă  clef 3011:Docufiction 2979:Compilation 2954:Blockbuster 2922:Traditional 2917:Stop-motion 2853:Chick flick 2711:Slow cinema 2701:Remodernist 2516:Free Cinema 2496:Erra Cinema 2461:Cinema Novo 2339:Revisionist 1848:Gendai-geki 1784:Psychedelic 1772:Apocalyptic 1638:Beach party 1533:Slow cinema 1506:Space opera 1471:Fantastique 1342:Sceneggiata 1332:Musicarello 1205:Fantastique 1084:Fantastique 1027:Educational 954:Video essay 909:Documentary 394:Film portal 137:(1923) and 26:1890s–1920s 5334:Categories 5170:Astronauts 4960:New Jersey 4804:California 4308:Capitalism 4105:Nat Turner 4035:Rosa Parks 4020:Diane Nash 3990:John Lewis 3779:Newspapers 3749:Literature 3734:Juneteenth 3687:Businesses 3541:Exodusters 3509:Free Negro 3167:Paracinema 3152:Neorealist 3147:Mythopoeia 3132:Mockbuster 3097:Low-budget 3038:Featurette 2871:technique, 2869:By format, 2748:Surrealist 2743:Structural 2621:New German 2611:Neorealist 2606:Mumblecore 2546:Heimatfilm 2506:Film d'art 2471:CinĂ©ma pur 2205:South Seas 2178:Sex report 1444:Paranormal 1407:Propaganda 1307:Mumblecore 1094:Historical 976:Historical 865:Remarriage 855:Mo lei tau 700:2022-03-11 647:2022-03-11 622:2022-03-11 597:2022-03-11 546:2022-03-11 522:2022-03-11 498:2022-03-11 474:2022-03-11 415:References 304:Anita Bush 118:Anita Bush 5284:Monuments 5160:Activists 5012:Tennessee 4932:Michigan 4916:Baltimore 4906:Louisiana 4899:Lexington 4882:Davenport 4821:Cleveland 4720:Languages 4649:Melungeon 4627:Blaxicans 4495:Joe Louis 4350:Socialism 4286:Anarchism 4015:Bob Moses 4000:Malcolm X 3920:Fred Gray 3784:Soul food 3722:New Negro 3707:Folktales 3617:Redlining 3157:No-budget 3122:Meta-film 3090:animation 3048:Film-poem 2984:Composite 2929:Anthology 2892:Animation 2887:Actuality 2873:approach, 2641:New Queer 2561:Indiewood 2511:Film gris 2382:or period 2359:Spaghetti 2282:Submarine 2262:Vigilante 2227:Superhero 1981:Chopsocky 1927:Jidaigeki 1796:Dystopian 1695:Detective 1653:Buddy cop 1643:Body swap 1573:Political 1553:Financial 1516:Tokusatsu 1511:Steampunk 1427:Bromantic 1399:Malayalam 1378:Crossover 1354:Detective 1322:Backstage 1270:Religious 1126:Tech noir 1121:Pulp noir 1111:Film noir 986:Melodrama 924:Docudrama 897:Cyberpunk 890:Slapstick 880:Screwball 840:Gross out 803:Christian 781:Adventure 642:IndieWire 379:Race film 31:Including 5307:Category 5098:America 5064:Diaspora 5049:Virginia 4982:Oklahoma 4965:New York 4948:Nebraska 4911:Maryland 4894:Kentucky 4860:Illinois 4799:Arkansas 4704:Illinois 4642:of color 4328:Populism 4301:Movement 4218:Religion 3560:Lynching 3343:Timeline 3275:Category 3162:One-shot 3026:Abstract 2912:Computer 2596:Lettrist 2491:Dogme 95 2419:Bourekas 2389:Absolute 2329:Northern 2324:Meat pie 2277:Euro War 2272:Anti-war 2138:Rumberas 2059:Mountain 1961:Luchador 1917:Homeland 1905:Shotacon 1878:Suburban 1806:Economic 1767:Disaster 1700:Gangster 1675:Colonial 1665:Cannibal 1626:By theme 1583:Romantic 1538:Thriller 1496:New Wave 1491:Military 1449:Thriller 1417:Romantic 1364:Whodunit 1337:Operetta 1317:Arthouse 1285:Splatter 1180:Cannibal 1170:Arthouse 1153:Suburban 1143:Southern 1116:Neo-noir 1020:Thriller 914:Animated 902:Japanese 870:Romantic 860:Thriller 786:Survival 764:Arthouse 752:By style 566:Archived 322:See also 5235:Writers 5200:Singers 5185:Jurists 5133:Europe 5087:Liberia 5032:Houston 4936:Detroit 4872:Indiana 4865:Chicago 4848:Atlanta 4843:Georgia 4826:Florida 4794:Alabama 4744:English 4318:Leftism 4188:Museums 3739:Kwanzaa 3664:Culture 3632:Slavery 3335:History 3257:Z movie 3033:Feature 2969:Collage 2939:B movie 2907:Cartoon 2646:No wave 2314:Florida 2309:Fantasy 2289:Western 2232:Surfing 2220:Eurospy 2190:Slavery 2040:Vampire 2020:Monster 1991:Kung fu 1932:Samurai 1900:Lolicon 1868:Romance 1715:Gong'an 1685:Concert 1670:Chicano 1633:Animals 1521:Western 1476:Fantasy 1434:Fantasy 1412:Reality 1349:Mystery 1327:Jukebox 1312:Musical 1290:Satanic 1280:Slasher 1250:Natural 1230:Holiday 1138:Romance 1104:Science 1069:Fantasy 971:Dramedy 835:Dramedy 214:Gallery 161:History 5247:Mayors 5165:Actors 5137:France 5129:Israel 5117:Mexico 5102:Canada 5077:Gambia 5072:Africa 5022:Austin 4987:Oregon 4926:Boston 4889:Kansas 4855:Hawaii 4773:Gullah 4583:Yoruba 4573:Gullah 4444:Sports 4362:groups 4192:Women 3729:Hoodoo 3603:(1896) 3529:Second 3505:(1857) 3450:(1956) 3397:(1954) 3285:Portal 3222:Silent 3212:Shinpa 3207:Serial 3192:Satire 3177:Poetry 3107:Masala 2836:ShĹŤnen 2819:Seinen 2334:Ostern 2319:Horror 2252:Travel 2210:Sports 2133:Rubble 2106:Prison 2074:Nature 2045:Zombie 1986:Gun fu 1922:Isekai 1895:Hentai 1863:Gothic 1789:Stoner 1755:Yakuza 1710:GokudĹŤ 1658:Female 1588:Techno 1558:Giallo 1548:Erotic 1543:Comedy 1486:Horror 1481:Gothic 1466:Comedy 1439:Gothic 1422:Comedy 1371:Giallo 1225:Giallo 1195:Comedy 1165:Horror 1133:Gothic 1074:Comedy 1000:Erotic 991:Korean 949:Travel 939:Pseudo 885:Silent 850:Parody 845:Horror 813:Action 808:Comedy 759:Action 745:genres 572:7 June 5148:Lists 5112:Haiti 5082:Ghana 5017:Texas 4953:Omaha 4231:Islam 3764:Names 3754:Music 3692:Dance 3237:Sound 3217:Short 2974:Color 2897:Anime 2858:Josei 2848:Women 2841:ShĹŤjo 2809:Anime 2799:Black 2794:Adult 2354:Space 2257:Trial 2200:Snuff 2111:Women 2086:Opera 2035:Mummy 2030:Kaiju 2013:Anime 2008:Mecha 2001:Wuxia 1996:Ninja 1944:LGBTQ 1939:KaitĹŤ 1890:Harem 1873:Space 1853:Ghost 1801:Ecchi 1762:Dance 1735:Mafia 1720:Heist 1690:Crime 1648:Buddy 1617:Trick 1563:Legal 1220:Ghost 1158:Urban 1148:Space 981:Legal 961:Drama 934:Mondo 818:Black 677:(PDF) 129:day, 5044:Utah 4877:Iowa 4709:Ohio 4670:list 4578:Igbo 4568:Fula 3712:Hair 3702:Film 3419:1968 3409:1964 2994:Cult 2831:Teen 2824:Stag 2815:Men 2294:Acid 2128:Road 2118:Race 1954:Yuri 1949:Yaoi 1779:Drug 1730:Hood 1175:Body 1089:High 1059:see 1037:Epic 1010:Pink 944:Semi 828:Sexy 742:Film 574:2020 451:help 205:The 189:and 3677:Art 3534:New 2934:Art 2902:Art 2267:War 2215:Spy 1461:Art 1200:Eco 875:Sex 793:Art 5336:: 3548:/ 2882:3D 693:. 656:^ 640:. 615:. 590:. 539:. 515:. 491:. 467:. 442:: 440:}} 436:{{ 202:. 181:, 177:, 169:, 3319:e 3312:t 3305:v 1401:) 1397:( 734:e 727:t 720:v 703:. 650:. 625:. 600:. 576:. 549:. 525:. 501:. 477:. 453:) 449:( 432:.

Index

Birdie Gilmore
Drusilla Dunjee Houston
Eloyce King Patrick Gist
Zora Neale Hurston
Eslanda Robeson
Alice B. Russell
Tressie Souders
Madame E. Toussaint Welcome
Mrs. M. Webb
Maria P. Williams
Madame Sul-Te-Wan
Evelyn Preer
Floy Clements
Susie Sutton
Laura Bowman
Cleo Desmond
Anita Bush
Maria P. Williams
Tressie Souders
Madame E. Toussaint Welcome
Alice B. Russell
Eslanda Robeson
Zora Neale Hurston
Tressie Souders
Madame E. Toussaint Welcome
Dorothy Davenport
Maria P. Williams
camera operator
casting director
Silent film era

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

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