Roosevelt Island - Knowledge

1467: 750: 1238: 1379: 1591: 649:. The British briefly seized control on September 2–4, 1776, after which the American troops took over. A British prison inspector proposed using the island as a prison in the early 1780s, but it is not known whether this happened. Blackwell's sons took over the island in 1780 and tried to sell it, at which point Blackwell's Island had several buildings and was several miles removed from New York City. By the mid-1780s, the island included two houses, orchards, a cider mill, and other farm structures. Contemporary sources do not mention any structures on the northern half of the island. A public auction was held in 1785, but no one bought the island. In 1796, Blackwell's great-grandson Jacob Blackwell constructed the 1870: 2125: 22292: 2097: 69: 2109: 1201:, in late 1989, allowed further development to proceed. Officials announced the Southtown development in October 1989. Designed by Raquel Ramati Associates, it was to consist of 1,956 apartments, split evenly between market-rate and affordable apartments. The development would span 19 acres (7.7 ha) and house up to 5,000 people. The New York City Board of Estimate approved plans for Southtown in August 1990, but the project had been placed on hold by 1991 because RIOC had not been able to secure a developer. For much of the 1990s, no large buildings were completed on Roosevelt Island. 1756:. It is one of the world's largest AVAC systems, collecting trash from 16 residential towers. Trash from each tower is transported to the Central Collections and Compaction Plant at up to 60 miles per hour (97 km/h). The collection facility contains three turbines that spin the garbage; the trash is then compacted and sent to a landfill. The pneumatic tube system collects 6 short tons (5.4 t) or 10 short tons (9.1 t) of trash each day. On several occasions, tenants have damaged the system by throwing large objects, such as strollers and Christmas trees, into the tubes. 1933: 1151:, the UDC hired four architecture firms to design the second phase of Northtown that year. Residents began moving into Roosevelt Island's first building in April 1975. Initially, there were no stores on the island, and residents had to pass through Queens to go anywhere else. Although people were not incentivized to move to Roosevelt Island because of the lack of public transportation, the island was home to 170 families by the end of 1975. The first four buildings in Northtown were all completed by mid-1976, while the storefronts were slowly being rented. 2082: 1765: 1919: 1540:. Completed in 1989, it occupies 8.5 acres (3.4 ha) and consists of five buildings. The complex comprises around 1,100 rental apartments, split into about 220 affordable apartments and about 880 market-rate apartments. The affordable apartments are clustered within one building. In all five structures, the apartments range from one to three bedrooms. There are also a garden, picnic space, community center, playgrounds, and daycare center. Near the north end of the island is a 500-unit apartment building known as 2302: 1548: 1095: 666: 790:. A proposal to build a power plant on the island in 1895 was unsuccessful, and the city began planning to expand the island's prisons the next year. Work began on new structures for the City Hospital and the almshouse in early 1897, and eleven new almshouse buildings opened that October. There were also plans to add eight pavilions to the island's infants' hospital. The prison's hospital burned down in 1899. At the end of the century, the island housed 7,000 people across seven institutions. 799: 24141: 1286:. Some of the Mitchell–Lama apartments were converted to market-rate housing in the 2010s, while development of additional residential structures continued. The seventh Riverwalk building was finished in 2015, followed by the eighth in 2019. Firefighters Field was renovated with the development of the eighth Riverwalk building. To attract visitors, RIOC announced in 2018 that it would create an "art trail" around the island. RIOC began soliciting plans for a memorial to the journalist 181: 1052:(UDC) to help redevelop the island in May. The city and state governments formally presented their proposal for Welfare Island in October 1969. After the Board of Estimate approved the plan later that month, the UDC signed a 99-year lease with the city that December. The city could pay either two percent of the development cost or 40 percent of any profits. The UDC issued $ 250 million in bonds to help finance the project. The state hoped to finish the project within eight years. 507:. Main Street runs the length of the island, splitting into a loop around Southtown; it was the island's only road until 1989. The street is paved in red brick. Main Street, along with the island's parks, was intended to be a communal area for the island's various ethnic groups and socioeconomic classes. The island's residences and businesses are largely clustered around Main Street. Roosevelt Island is surrounded by a seawall of Fordham gneiss, quarried from the island itself. 24721: 24676: 1829: 24689: 23923: 1652: 199: 24733: 1253:, were planned to be converted to market-rate housing during the time. Southtown's first buildings, including two structures for medical workers were announced in early 2001. The first two Southtown buildings were completed in 2002, and a proposal to redevelop the Octagon tower as an apartment building was announced that year. The largely inaccessible Southpoint Park was opened year-round in 2003, a year after Governor 1992: 16303: 1189:

transit options; following a lawsuit to block Northtown II, a judge approved it in late 1986. Work on Northtown II commenced at the end of 1987, financed by a $ 176 million mortgage loan from the city. The Northtown II towers, known as Manhattan Park, opened in 1989. While the new apartments initially sold at a slower-than-expected pace, Northtown II was 70 percent occupied by early 1990.

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Light. Octagon Park, a 15-acre (6.1 ha) green space, contains a prow-shaped performance stage facing the East River's west channel; it was originally planned as an ecological park with bedrock outcrops. Near the south end of the island is Southpoint Park, a seven-acre (2.8 ha) green space containing the Strecker Lab and Smallpox Hospital buildings. The four-acre (1.6 ha)

2008:(NYPL) operates the Roosevelt Island branch at 504 Main Street. The library was founded in the 1970s as a volunteer initiative. Two residents, Dorothy and Herman Reade, founded the island's first library within a rented space in 1976; the collection had moved to 625 Main Street by 1977. The Reades' library was unusual in that it used a custom classification system, rather than the 1671:. In the 1970s, when the city's community districts were being redrawn, there were disputes over whether the island should be served by a district in Manhattan or Queens. While the island was ultimately placed within a Manhattan community district, it received emergency services from Queens. The island's other services come from Manhattan; for example, it was still assigned a 1565:

staff who work in Manhattan. The structures contain a total of over 2,000 apartments, of which 40 percent are affordable housing. Some of the buildings in Southtown are condominiums, including Riverwalk Place and Riverwalk Court. In contrast to the older Northtown buildings, which were developed in groups, the Riverwalk structures were constructed as standalone buildings; the

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financing for the unbuilt phases of the Roosevelt Island development, citing the state's financial shortfalls. At least one of the residential structures' builders had also gone bankrupt. Construction proceeded steadily through 1974, and renting began that October. In addition, the existing Blackwell House and Chapel of the Good Shepherd were renovated.

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this plan. Other proposals for the island in the first decade of the 20th century included new tuberculosis (consumptive) hospitals, additional almshouses, an electric power plant, and general hospitals. A tuberculosis ward at Metropolitan Hospital opened on the island in 1902, followed by an expanded nurses' school the next year. By the mid-1900s, the

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which would support the island's increasing population, had been repeatedly delayed, even as residents expressed concerns that the subway would cause the island's low crime rate to increase. By then, the island had 5,000 residents and 1,800 hospital patients, but relatively few businesses. The state legislature created the

807: 1529:. The first apartments included built-in heating and air-conditioning units, while the buildings themselves included health clubs. Westview and Eastwood also had skip-stop elevators that stopped at three-floor intervals; this allowed for more flexible apartment layouts on floors that were not served by elevators. 1720:, which provides fresh water to much of New York City, pass underneath the island; the section under Roosevelt Island opened in 1998 and travels as much as 780 feet (240 m) under the island. Roosevelt Island also had its own steam plant behind the Roosevelt Island Tramway's terminal until 2013. In addition, 1949:. When it was redeveloped as a residential community in the 1970s, the island was planned with up to 16 schools serving grades K-12, each accommodating 180 to 300 students. Roosevelt Island's schools were spread across several apartment buildings. The school system taught fine arts as part of a partnership with 852:, crossing Blackwell's Island, opened in 1909, but it did not provide direct access to the island until the late 1910s. In addition, in the early 1910s, several buildings were added at the island's City and Metropolitan hospitals, and a Catholic chapel was developed on the island. City corrections commissioner 1899:

The Roosevelt Island Racquet Club is located near the Roosevelt Island Tramway stop and was developed in the early 1990s, with 11 courts underneath a pair of domes. Also next to the tram stop is the Sportspark indoor recreation center, with a studio, swimming pool, gym, and recreation room. There are

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signed legislation designating several parks on the island. The island's first two condominium buildings, both in Southtown, and the Octagon were developed next. All three structures had been completed by 2007, increasing the island's population to around 12,000. Southtown's fifth and sixth buildings

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published a report in 1980, saying that the Roosevelt Island redevelopment suffered from severe cost overruns and was losing money. Starrett continued to modify its plans for Northtown II, and, by 1982, the New York state government planned to begin developing Northtown II. The opening of the subway,

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described Blackwell's Island's penitentiary as having a "feudal character". Conditions in some of the hospitals declined significantly enough that the island as a whole gained a poor reputation. The women's hospital on the island was completed in 1881. Inmates from the Smallpox Hospital were moved to

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Though a musical seems grandiose and monumental under the pageantry of performance and bright stage lights, every production begins with just an idea. For senior Jonah Bobo, the idea for him to write his own musical came nearly three years ago.... Hayat, a playwright and graduate from SUNY Purchase,

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Until its development in the late 20th century, Roosevelt Island was largely inaccessible from the outside world, and a guard banned most visitors, including all children under age 12. The island was accessed solely by rowboat until the early 20th centuries. Even through the 1950s, the only modes of

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in mid-1967 and dedicated in 1969. The fountain sprayed water from the East River 400 to 600 feet (120 to 180 m) into the air. A local group planted trees at the southern tip of the island in 1985, which quickly died due to blasts from the Delacorte fountain; the fountain was itself taken apart

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Southtown (also referred to as Riverwalk) was developed starting in 2001. When complete, Southtown will have 2,000 units in nine buildings. As of 2022, eight of Southtown's nine planned buildings had been completed, while the last structure was under construction. Some of the buildings house medical

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When the first residential buildings opened, Roosevelt Island's amenities and wheelchair accessibility made it attractive to disabled residents and families with children. Many of the first residents were white, middle-income families, and disabled patients from the island's hospitals moved into the

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and Hudson Companies signed an agreement to develop Southtown. The plans for Southtown were subsequently redrawn; the revised plan called for three buildings to the east of Main Street, six buildings to the west, and new recreational fields. Southtown's development also entailed reducing the size of

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During the mid-1940s, plans were filed for a combined laundry, garage, and firehouse building; a hospital at Welfare Island's northern tip; a nurses' training school; and a chronic-disease ward at the Metropolitan Hospital. A girls' shelter on the island opened in late 1945. By the late 1940s, mayor

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A chapel was dedicated on the island in 1925, followed by a synagogue in 1926. The city government also expanded the island's Cancer Institute in the 1920s. The State Department of Correction described the island in the early 1930s as "absolutely unsuitable for the purpose for which it is now used".

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was overcrowded, prompting city officials to consider moving that facility to Blackwell's Island. The city government purchased the island for $ 32,000 (equivalent to $ 887,855 in 2023) on July 19, 1828. Ownership of the island remained unresolved for another 16 years while Bell's widow sued the

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isle became known as Manning's Island. Manning had a mansion near the island's southern tip, where he served rum punch to visitors. The island was then conveyed to Manning's stepdaughter Mary in 1676 or 1685. Mary was married to Robert Blackwell, who became the island's new owner and namesake. The

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That's what a Victoria's Secret model insisted Wednesday about her Roosevelt Island apartment that was the subject of a new lawsuit by an unhappy Airbnb customer. However, the model, Lyndsey Scott, said she 'acknowledges' the complaints of attorney Christian Pugaczewski and is 'working closely with

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Although Roosevelt Island is located directly under the Queensboro Bridge, it is no longer directly accessible from the bridge itself. A trolley previously connected passengers from Queens and Manhattan to a stop in the middle of the bridge, where passengers took an elevator down to the island. The

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building at the north end of the island. Originally known as Octagon Park, it contained soccer, tennis, and baseball facilities, as well as areas for picnics and barbecues. The park was renamed from Octagon Field in October 2019 to honor Jack McManus, the former Chief of the Roosevelt Island Public

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In part because of the lack of development, the island's population remained lower than expected, requiring it to be subsidized. By the mid-1990s, the island had 8,200 residents, less than half the 20,000 that the state government had originally envisioned, and there were around 20 small stores. To

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units. There would be a hotel, public schools, stores, and office space, and several existing buildings would be retained. Services such as parks and schools were near every residence, and there was a pneumatic trash collection system. The first apartment buildings banned dogs, but this prohibition

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under the East River; the subway announcement spurred additional plans for the island's redevelopment. There were plans to rename Welfare Island because the public generally associated the name negatively with the island's hospitals, and even the hospital's patients wanted the island to be renamed.

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in Queens. Several medical facilities on the island opened during the mid-1950s, including an elderly rehabilitation center at Goldwater Hospital, a polio treatment center at Goldwater, and a children's rehabilitation center at Coler Hospital. There were also proposals to establish a "fire college"

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proposed a drill ground and training facility at Blackwell's Island's northern end in 1901, although city officials opposed it. The following year, there was a proposal to turn the island over to the federal government and raze many of the existing structures; the city's controller was also against

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on the island, which opened August 3, 1830. There were proposals to construct a canal to split male and female prisoners; though the canal was not built, an unknown architect did build a separate building for female prisoners. The island's prison population already numbered in the hundreds by 1838,

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The first school on Roosevelt Island opened in 1975 with a single student and two teachers. By the 1980s, the island had five school buildings, each serving two grades. All of the island's schools were combined in 1992 into PS/IS 217 Roosevelt Island School, which is located on Main Street. By the

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Over the years, several dozen volunteer groups have been developed on the island. These include the Roosevelt Island Garden Club, which consists of 120 plots tended by members. There is also a farmer's market. in addition to organizations such as the Roosevelt Island Visual Art Association and the

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was hired to lead the WIDC in late 1970, but he resigned after just over a year. Work formally began in mid-1971, and the state approved the construction of the first buildings the same year. The UDC hired at least 17 architectural and engineering companies to design the structures, though many of

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named a committee to make recommendations for the island's development, at which point one newspaper called it "the most expensive wasteland in the world". The state government established the Welfare Island Development Corporation (WIDC; later the Roosevelt Island Development Corporation or RIDC)

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During the early 1950s, the city planned a 1,500-bed hospital on the island and wished to convert the island's Cancer Institute into a tuberculosis hospital. After Coler Hospital opened in 1952, patients were relocated there from the City Home for Dependents. City Home was emptied out by 1953. The

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investigation the same year found that the jail was severely mismanaged. Blackwell's Island Penitentiary was negatively affecting the reputation of the island's other facilities, to the point where a renaming of the island was under discussion. The women's penitentiary underwent reforms during the

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After the Dutch surrendered to the British in 1664, a British military captain named John Manning acquired the island in 1668. In 1673, Manning surrendered to Dutch forces who had wanted to retake New Netherland; as punishment, he had to live on the island in exile. After Manning's banishment, the

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So the choice of Paul G. Feinman, an associate justice of the Appellate Division of the State Supreme Court in Manhattan, to fill the seat left open by the death of Judge Sheila Abdus-Salaam in April was a watershed for gay New Yorkers.... Justice Feinman and his husband, Robert Ostergaard, a web

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on the island. The Chapel of the Good Shepherd, a Late Victorian Gothic style structure, was Roosevelt Island's first church and operated until 1958 as an Episcopal church. The chapel reopened in 1975 as a community center. The Chapel of Our Lady, Consoler of the Afflicted dated to 1909 and was a

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is located in the northern portion of the island and has been Roosevelt Island's only public hospital since 2013, when Goldwater Memorial Hospital closed. Although the 1969 plan for Roosevelt Island called for dedicated fire and police stations, as of 2024 the island receives all of its emergency

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graduate-school campus and research center. The $ 2 billion facility includes 2 million square feet of space on an 11-acre (4.5 ha) site. The first phase of the campus includes a main academic building, a graduate housing tower, and an innovation hub/tech incubator. The 26-story Cornell Tech

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research center on the island; the proposal included three towers, a hotel, and a conference center. The campus replaced the outmoded Goldwater Memorial Hospital, which closed in 2013. Work on Cornell Tech itself began in 2015, and the campus opened two years later. Graduate students moved to the

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and project manager Robert Litke convinced multiple developers to sign 40-year leases for buildings on the island. Parts of the project were delayed by disputes over the relocation of a laundry building. By the end of the year, an advisory group recommended that the state legislature halt all UDC

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in late 1970. The UDC modified some of Johnson and Burgee's designs after they were publicized; for example, it added more buildings on the waterfront. The redevelopment attracted residents who wanted a better quality of life. Critics expressed concerns about the fact that lower- and upper-income

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described conditions at some of the island's hospitals as "frightful", mainly because of their age. A chronic-care hospital and a laundry building were developed on Welfare Island during that era. The laundry building began construction in 1948 and was completed the next year. Work on a 2,000-bed

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system, which the Reades did not know much about. The library moved to its own building at 524 Main Street in 1979 or the 1980s. The library on Main Street was named the Dorothy and Herman Reade Library of Roosevelt Island in the early 1980s. Residents originally paid dues to access the library.

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When Roosevelt Island was redeveloped in the 1970s, about a quarter of the land area was set aside for parks. The island has four primary parks: Lighthouse, Octagon, Southpoint, and Four Freedoms parks. At the northern tip of Roosevelt Island is Lighthouse Park, named after the Blackwell Island

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In addition to the apartment buildings, the northern part of Roosevelt Island contains the Metropolitan Hospital's former church, which was built in the 1920s and became a wedding venue in 2021. A stone structure, Chapel of St. Dennis, was built near the Octagon around 1935–1940; little else is

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celebrations. Various activities take place on the island throughout the year, such as picnics and concerts, in addition to annual Roosevelt Island Day celebrations since 1995. The island has also hosted events like the Roosevelt Island Table Tennis Tournament and the Figment NYC festival. Every

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Work commenced on Four Freedoms Park in 2009, along with a redesign of Southpoint Park. Southpoint Park reopened in 2011, and Four Freedoms Park was finished the next year. A RIOC survey from 2010 found that only 12 percent of residents shopped on the island, and RIOC leased the island's largely

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The UDC re-approved the Northtown II plan in July 1984, and RIOC approved it in 1986. The revised plans called for five buildings, containing a total of 1,100 apartments. Opponents of the Northtown II project wanted to maintain the island's character and expressed concerns about the lack of mass

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just opposite the island, along both the Queens and Manhattan shores, and the Lenape are known to have had settlements around waterways. However, the island likely did not have any Lenape settlements because of the lack of freshwater. There is little evidence of Native American activities on the

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Donnersmarck's father was among the first in the family to need a job. He became an executive at Lufthansa, and when Florian was one and his brother, Sebastian, was three the family moved to Roosevelt Island, as part of a social experiment to establish an economically diverse colony on 'Welfare

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As of 2024, the island is accessible via bridge, aerial tramway, ferry, and subway. Although the tramway and subway stations are both wheelchair-accessible, both modes of transit can experience outages that occasionally make it impossible for disabled residents to travel to and from the island.

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The library became a branch of the NYPL system in 1998, allowing the branch to access the NYPL's much larger collection. The Empire State Center for the Book dedicated a plaque on the island in 2016, marking the island's literary connections. The current NYPL branch at 504 Main Street opened in

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Governors Island: Options for Reuse After Federal Government Departure : Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Government Management, Information, and Technology of the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session, July 14,

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Buddy Hackett loves his Roosevelt Island. He got up early Tuesday to be on the maiden voyage of a ferry that runs from the island down the East River to Wall Street on Manhattan. The rotund comedian lives on Roosevelt when in New York City and said he wanted to be on the ferry's 'maiden voyage

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in 1977, and the old Roosevelt Island campus was razed. There were over 3,000 residents by early 1977 and 5,500 residents by 1978. Two-thirds of the island's storefronts were still empty by the end of 1977, even as almost all of the rental apartments and most of the cooperative apartments were

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and Ashok Bhavnani designed the Eastwood and Westfield buildings on the west side. All four structures are U-shaped buildings, which measure up to 20 stories high and are faced in concrete or corrugated brick. Three of the buildings were rental apartment complexes: Island House, Westview, and

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to Manhattan opened in May 1976, and the U.S. government provided a grant the same year to fund the construction of parks on the island. Rivercross, the only cooperative apartment building in Northtown, generally attracted upper-class families because of its high monthly fees, while the other

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While vehicles still found their way onto the island, garbage trucks were largely banished, thanks to the pneumatic tube system, one of the largest in the world. It sucks up roughly 10 tons of trash from the island's 12,000 residents each day.... After they drop garbage down chutes in their

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further north. By then, the Welfare Island penitentiary lacked plumbing, had rat infestations, and was susceptible to fire. The prison's hospital was so overcrowded that ill inmates had to be treated in their cells. Prison staff were poorly compensated, and the prison received little to no

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reformed the island's prison in 1934 following a series of uprisings. By then, the old almshouse (the City Home) was so overcrowded that patients were being housed in abandoned portions of the Lunatic Asylum. Welfare Island's jail was scheduled to be relocated, and city parks commissioner

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that April. Early the next year, the state government canceled plans for a state park encompassing Welfare Island, and Lindsay's committee recommended renaming the island and developing housing units and recreational facilities there. Land clearing began that April, and Lindsay asked the

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After Logue was fired in early 1975, there was uncertainty over whether additional buildings would ever be built, especially given the UDC's financial troubles. The UDC decided to complete the first phase of the island's development, on which it had already spent $ 180 million, and the

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A proposal to convert the island into a park resurfaced in 1907. By the end of the decade, thousands of elderly residents voluntarily traveled to the island for "vacations" every year. The island's prisoners manufactured goods for the city, such as beds, brushes, and clothes, and the

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the existing Blackwell Park, which prompted opposition from Northtown residents who used the park. A 26-story hotel with a convention center was proposed on the island in 1998, though this plan was controversial. There was also growing discontent with RIOC. As a result, mayor

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applied for $ 250,000 in federal funds for a feasibility study on the island's redevelopment later that year. The New York state government proposed in December 1967 to convert most of the island into a public park, except for senior citizens' housing at the north end. The

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was proposed in the 1970s after delays in the subway's construction. It was completed in May 1976, providing access to Midtown Manhattan, and had been intended as a temporary mode of transport until the subway station opened. The tram was completely reconstructed in 2010.

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were completed by 2008. By the late 2000s, there were long waiting lists for residences on the island, and people quickly moved into the new residential buildings. Although the Roosevelt Island Residents Association expressed concerns that the new developments would cause

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in 1973, and redeveloped it as a series of residential neighborhoods. The first phase of Northtown, the island's first community, was completed in 1974, followed by the second phase (Northtown II) in 1989. Southtown was developed in the early 21st century, along with the

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community in 1917. Both the Chapel of Our Lady and the Church of the Good Samaritan have since been demolished. At the Metropolitan Hospital was an Episcopal chapel, the Chapel of the Holy Spirit (consecrated 1925), and a Catholic chapel, the Chapel of the Sacred Heart.

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By 1960, half of Welfare Island was abandoned, and the Goldwater and Bird S. Coler hospitals were the only remaining institutions there. The city government had been trying since 1957, without success, to obtain $ 1 million to demolish the abandoned buildings. The

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Crawford also assured the public that he is familiar with racism, and said they mean no harm. 'I grew up in a very diverse city (Roosevelt Island), and had experienced bullying and racism in my youth because of my being "an Asian." Trust me, we meant no harm,' he

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Welfare Island originally contained the Council Synagogue, which opened in 1926 and was described as having a "pleasing exterior" and a "simple, dignified interior". Following the residential redevelopment, the Roosevelt Island Jewish Congregation was founded

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on Manhattan Island. It is about 2 miles (3.2 km) long, with a maximum width of 800 feet (240 m). The island was 107 acres (43 ha) prior to the 18th century but has been expanded to 147 acres (0.59 km). Administratively, it is part of the

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the architects resigned during construction. The WIDC approved a proposal for 1,100 middle-income and luxury apartments in April 1972; the UDC decided to build the residences as housing cooperatives after unsuccessfully looking for a private developer. The

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to Queens, a laboratory for Goldwater Hospital, and two hospitals with a combined 1,500 beds. The bridge was intended to relieve traffic caused by the island's new hospitals, while the additional hospitals would serve the city's growing elderly population.

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Last week, over a year after its abrupt closure last August, the Roosevelt Island Operating Corporation (RIOC) re-opened Octagon Field and re-naming it Jack McManus Field in honor of the recently retired Chief of the Island's Public Safety Department

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residential tower when it was built. Cornell Tech's first phase also includes a conference center and a hotel. The hotel is 18 stories high, with 224 rooms, and is known as the Graduate Roosevelt Island; it opened in 2021 as the island's first hotel.

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considered developing a campus at the island's southern end, and the New York Board of Trade pushed to redevelop the island as a city park. Other plans included a mix of recreational facilities and low-density housing; an amusement park similar to

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patients to the island. During the decade, city officials found the almshouse and City Hospital dilapidated and overcrowded, and a grand jury declared the women's asylum a "disgrace" to New York City. The asylum's inmates were transferred to

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In 1921, the city began using Blackwell's Penitentiary to detain women who were awaiting trial. The island's prison hospital was severely understaffed, and the prison was described as "a disgrace to the City of New York". That April, the

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Forsythe was elegant, poised, focused, and determined as she talked recently about her emerging career. She grew up on Roosevelt Island, alongside Manhattan, and sang in high school choirs without ever taking her vocal potential very

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attract visitors, RIOC developed several recreational facilities and parks and sought to restore the island's oldest buildings. RIOC also planned to remove about 1 acre (0.40 ha) of land to make way for a seawall. The architect

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systems. Many government services, such as emergency services, are provided from Queens, but the island also has a post office and a pneumatic garbage-disposal system. There are several parks on Roosevelt Island as well, including a

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Center of Roosevelt Island moved into the RIJC's space in 2006. Chabad of Roosevelt Island also operates a Chabad Jewish student organization in association with Cornell Tech, which accommodates many international students from

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that Roosevelt Island "seems to be more of a hermetically sealed suburb than an integral part of New York City". One newspaper from 1989 described the island as a "small, self-contained, family-oriented community", with its own

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The first phase of Roosevelt Island's development was called Northtown, with about 2,140 apartments. Northtown consists of four housing complexes: Westview, Island House, Rivercross, and Eastwood. The architectural firm of

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did not recognize the name change for four decades. The state's prison commission recommended converting the island to a park in 1924, and the city began planning to move Welfare Island's inmates to a new jail complex on

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operates the Roosevelt Island Station at 694 Main Street; the island's post office opened in October 1976. The firm of Kallman and McKinnell designed the post office, along with a small fire station and a set of stores.

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vacant retail space to the Related Companies and Hudson Companies the next year. Related and Hudson renovated 33 storefronts, while RIOC waived food-truck permit fees to entice food vendors. The city government selected

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announced a proposal in 1961 to redevelop the island with residences for 70,000 people. The plan would have cost $ 450 million and would have included a two-level platform supporting buildings as tall as 50 stories. The

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By the 20th century, Blackwell's Island had received the nickname of "Farewell Island" because of its connotations with fear and despair, and it was also known as simply "The Island". At the time, the island contained a

610:

By 1639, Jan Claessen Alteras was known to have farmed Hog Island. Reports indicate that Alteras had made improvements to the island by 1642, though the nature of the work is not known. New Netherland director-general

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for positions on RIOC's board were hosted starting in 2008. By law, five of RIOC's nine members must be island residents, but not RIOC's CEO. Much of RIOC's income comes from fees collected from private developers.

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trolley operated from the bridge's opening in 1909 until April 7, 1957. An elevator building, on the bridge's north side, was finished in 1918 or 1919. The elevator was closed to the public in 1957, after the

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article from 1999 described Roosevelt Island's diverse demographics as being another factor in its popularity among diplomatic staff. The island has been home to many diplomatic staff over the years, including

975:(FDNY) opened a training school in 1962, using 90 abandoned buildings for training purposes. One reporter in 1967 called Welfare Island a "ghost town, vacant lot, woodland and mausoleum for unhappy memories". 13356: 1446:

summer since 2015, the Manhattan Park Pool Club has commissioned a mural for the Manhattan Park development's pool deck. Roosevelt Island has sometimes been used as a filming location, such as for the films

803: 657:. James L. Bell paid the Blackwells $ 30,000 for the island in 1823, but Blackwell took back control two years later, upon Bell's death. One source indicated that Bell never fulfilled the terms of the sale. 2259: trains) both pass under Roosevelt Island, without stopping, on their way between Manhattan and Queens. There are emergency exit shafts to the island from both the 53rd Street and 60th Street tunnels. 17081: 14147: 1075:

By the early 1970s, the families of Welfare Island's three chaplains were the only people living on the island, excluding hospital patients. Models of Johnson and Burgee's proposal were exhibited at the

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The iconography of Manhattan Island, 1498-1909 : compiled from original sources and illustrated by photo-intaglio reproductions of important maps, plans, views, and documents in public and private

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was proposed in 1965 with a station directly serving the island. Service on the 63rd Street Line began in October 1989, but the line had no direct subway access to much of Queens until 2001. The line's

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Eastwood (the latter of which had affordable housing). Rivercross was structured as a housing cooperative. All of these buildings, except Rivercross, were originally subsidized under the state's

18811: 14098: 2552: – visited the Welfare Island penitentiary under a false name (Mister Becker) for the report "Prisons on an Island on East River" as part of his reportage Volume "Paradise America" (1930) 18515: 15071: 5089:"Blackwell's Island Bill; Controller Grout and President Cantor Disagree About It. The Controller Urges Amendment Designed to Insure a Big Price – Federal Government's Plan for Naval Station" 2582: 11649: 19309: 11691: 6347:"New Corrective Colony Projected by the City; Estimate Board Working Out Plans for Abandoning Penitentiary of Blackwell's Island and Making a Self-Supporting Institution on Riker's Island" 18086: 16003: 10314: 1395:

Roosevelt Island's redevelopment in the 1970s spurred the creation of a community distinct from the rest of Manhattan. Following Northtown's completion, an architectural critic wrote for

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Polner, Robert (September 10, 2004). "Small town life in the big city, With family feel, many parks and affordable housing, it's hard to believe Roosevelt Island is part of Manhattan".

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A ferry service ran from Welfare Island to Manhattan from 1935 to June 1956, although the island's old ferry terminal remained standing for several years. A ferry route ran directly to

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Roosevelt Island's main parking facility is the Motorgate Garage, which was designed by the firm of Kallman & McKinnell and originally had 1,000 parking spaces. It is designed in a

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took over the island in 1642. The following year, it was leased to Francois Fyn. Fyn, in turn, leased the island to Laurens Duyts, who developed further structures on the island. Duyts

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Peterson, Iver (October 16, 1988). "For Roosevelt Island, a New Residential Complex: The approaching addition of 1,500 new residents to the 5,200 already on the island stirs concern".

2334: – sentenced to 30 days for distribution of information about birth control; became the first woman in the U.S. ever to be force-fed in prison after going on a hunger strike there 1126:

as well; although the island had been renamed in anticipation of the park's construction, the project was delayed for the next several decades. By the middle of 1973, one building had

12677: 5493:"Blackwell's Island Prisoners Save City $ 150,000 a Year; Over $ 20,000 Will Be Saved This Year on Street Cleaning Brooms Manufactured by Them – Varied Trades at Which Prisoners Work" 5334:"Nurses' School Opened; Ceremonies at the New Buildings on Blackwell's Island. Houses Named After Women Who Have Been Active in Encouraging the Work – Letter from President Roosevelt" 11607: 3226: 766:

in 1885, and the Smallpox Hospital building became a nurses' training school and dormitory. In addition, a male nurse's training school opened in 1887 and operated for 16 years. The

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Murphy, William (August 14, 2004). "Roosevelt Island, Stuck Bridge Fuels Fire Fears, After Losing Access, FDNY to Employ Full-time Engine Company on Island Until After Convention".

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residents were placed on opposite sides of Main Street, and they also questioned whether the project's $ 400 million construction budget could have been spent on other projects.

7243:"New Hospital To Replace City Home for Aged: Welfare Island Project Will House 1,800 Now Living in Century-Old Buildings No. 1 Post-War Project of the Department of Hospitals". 17159: 1499:

gave Roosevelt Island's buildings a special honor award for the quality of their designs. Although most of the residential structures contain rental apartments, there are also

14129: 20123: 4923:"The Navy is After Blackwell's Island; Secretary Long's Suggestion for a Park and Parade Ground. Capt. Taylor and Chaplain Chidwick Lay the Proposition Before Mayor Van Wyck" 1372:, Roosevelt Island is grouped as part of the Upper East Side-Lenox Hill-Roosevelt Island neighborhood tabulation area. The neighborhood tabulation area had 59,200 residents. 923:

After the Rikers Island jail complex opened, workers demolished the Welfare Island jail, and all inmates had been relocated by February 1936. The city announced plans for a

734:(later known as Charity Hospital), which was completed in 1861 and served both prisoners and New York City's poorer population. A "hospital for incurables" followed in 1866. 11488: 20170:

Ms Childress now lives on the recently renewed Roosevelt Island a small community of modern apartment buildings and swimming pools in the middle of Manhattan's East River.

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with apartments, stores, community centers, and a waterfront promenade. The apartments ranged in size from studios to four-bedroom units and were a mixture of rental and

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in 1856. The Asylum burned down in 1858 and was rebuilt on the same site, and the prison hospital was destroyed in the same fire. Two pipes provided fresh water from the

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the island in 1933 to allow redevelopment. At the time, officials were planning a children's hospital and nurses' dormitory on the island. Municipal prison commissioner

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Irwin, Don (August 21, 1947). "O'Dwyer Tours Welfare Island, Calls Old Hospitals Frightful': Mayor and Board of Estimate Inspect Hospital Buildings on Welfare Island".

24465: 23150: 23024: 22820: 14283: 711:, or housing for the poor, were constructed in 1847. Other hospitals were soon developed on the island, including a 600-bed prison hospital that was finished in 1849. 12596: 5559: 1852:

There is a smaller park located around the Blackwell House. The southern tip of Roosevelt Island was formerly occupied by a fountain, which was donated by publisher

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designed the master plan for Welfare Island, which called for two neighborhoods named Northtown and Southtown, separated by a common area. The island was to become a

23232: 23083: 19332: 5469:"Vacation: for the Homeless of Greater New York Women in Hard Luck Seek Blackwell's Island Curious Summer Resort for Poor of Metropolis Pennies to Buy "Luxuries."". 1644:

electrical substation built in 1892 as a laboratory. At the northern end is the Octagon, the sole remaining structure from the 1839 Lunatic Asylum. The ruins of the

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showed that Roosevelt Island had a population of 11,722, across three census tracts. The racial makeup of Roosevelt Island's three census tracts was 36.3% (4,251)

1144: 484:, and a 2012 study found no evidence of ponds or streams on the island. Since the 19th century, the island's natural topography has been modified drastically, and 18460: 14472: 14396: 13378: 19286: 16141: 13768: 8662:"Housing Development Planned on City-Owned Island Near Manhattan: Project on Welfare Island, Would Have 20,000 Units and Involve $ 455 Million of Construction". 17065: 15959: 14155: 22840: 14000: 1072:

was not applied to buildings developed later. Additionally, the hospitals on the island still needed vehicular access, so the car ban was ultimately repealed.

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The city government ordered the demolition of six dilapidated buildings on the island in 1965. The city took over another 45 abandoned hospital buildings via

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Sandler, Linda (December 15, 1999). "For Hospitals, the Emergency Is Housing --- Rise in Residential Prices Prompts Rush to Build Homes for Medical Staff".

12999: 23539: 23331: 23299: 20604: 20343: 13851: 1122:. The City Council approved the name change in July 1973, and Welfare Island was renamed Roosevelt Island on August 20, 1973. Officials began planning the 15489:

Lagnado, Lucette (January 22, 2003). "Calling a Hospital Home: Some Patients Stay for Years At New York's Coler-Goldwater; Many Have Nowhere Else to Go".

15814: 13136: 12812: 24547: 24537: 19177: 18795: 17407: 16279:

Newcomer's Handbook for Moving to and Living in New York City: Including Manhattan, Brooklyn, The Bronx, Queens, Staten Island, and Northern New Jersey

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apartments as well. The island also attracted residents who wanted to live in a racially integrated neighborhood, as well as those who wanted to avoid

22015: 20759:

Phase 1a Archaeological Documentary Study Cornell NYC Tech Roosevelt Island Campus Block 1373, Lot 20 and Block 1371, Lot 1 (part), New York, New York

19831: 19655: 17440: 14666: 14106: 12773: 11772: 11387: 10934: 10684: 10620: 8856: 8301: 8057: 7975: 7942: 7842: 7332: 7034: 6781: 6346: 5836: 5762: 5333: 4922: 3267: 2282:, a shuttle bus service that circulates around the island. The latter service is fare-free, connecting apartment buildings to the subway and tramway. 19538: 18989: 18499: 17371: 17304: 11739: 8709: 8268: 8142: 7671: 7388: 6970: 6435:"Welfare Island Scored in State Board's Report: Commission of Correction Assails Lack of Keepers, Poor Pay, Bad Ventilation; Makes Recommendations". 5892: 4955: 4832: 4542: 15866: 15079: 11025: 9641: 9557: 8916: 8416: 7909: 7444: 7123: 7090: 5704:"Urging Colony Plan to Cure New York's Inebriates; Former Judge Julius M. Mayer and B.B. Burritt Favor a Project Tried with Success in Other States" 5011: 4757: 4096: 2149:

Furthermore, despite the existence of several modes of transit, the island still had a reputation for being hard to access during the 21st century.

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in the late 1980s. The entire island is circled by a publicly accessible waterfront promenade. Because of its greenery, Roosevelt Island received a

1507:. Roosevelt Island generally has more wheelchair-accessible housing than other neighborhoods, in part because of its past use as a hospital island. 22784: 22775: 17507: 14562: 12972: 11633: 10535: 9775: 8950: 8754: 8449: 8360: 7760: 7727: 7513: 3819: 3090: 2162:

opened, but was not demolished until 1970. As late as August 1973, another passenger elevator ran from the Queens end of the bridge to the island,

19317: 18382: 17834: 16798: 15767: 14703: 14371:"Related and Hudson top out $ 135.8 million Riverwalk Park project; 21-story, 340-unit building on Roosevelt Island designed by Handel Architects" 11945: 11844: 11675: 11552: 10744: 9776:"Board Votes Plan for Welfare Isle; Critics Charge Undue Haste on Plan to Construct 5,000 Housing Units There Board Votes Plan for Welfare Island" 9371: 8212: 6837: 6607: 6469: 5222: 4708: 1799:(FDNY), located at 11-15 37th Avenue in Astoria. The FDNY maintains its Special Operations Command facility at 750 Main Street on the island. 1412:

article from 1999 said the island had the feel of "a postwar suburb of some European city", distinct from the rest of New York City. In 2008, the

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The 1969 master plan divided the island into two residential communities: Northtown and Southtown. The plan received mixed reviews. A writer for

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in 1921. Following several proposals to redevelop Welfare Island in the 1960s, the UDC leased the island, renamed it after former U.S. President

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also proposed legislation to allow the island to govern itself. A contractor was hired to build the first section of Southtown in May 1999, and

24758: 24570: 23088: 21047: 17872:. Document (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 1979. p. 56. 16748:

buildings, it collects at the bottom until a trapdoor is activated, releasing the waste into 22-inch-wide red steel tubes that run underground.

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at Main Street, one of the city's few remaining farmhouses, was built between 1796 and 1804 for James Blackwell. Also along Main Street is the

1099: 767: 107: 20548: 16985:"Discussions for reviving a long-shuttered engine company stall, despite FDNY acknowledgment the booming area needs more emergency responders" 16099: 15417: 13102: 6234:

Milliken, H. O. (January 6, 1924). "Site for an Art Center: Welfare Island Suggested as a Suitable Location for Civic Museums and Monuments".

17104: 14348: 8450:"City Acts to Move Women's Prison; Would Shift Village Facility to North Brother Island and Addicts to Welfare Island Women's Court Proposed" 1648:, a mid-19th-century building on the southern tip of the island, had been listed on the NRHP, but were razed in 1994 due to extreme neglect. 1267: 15360: 15114: 12661: 6410: 746:

on the island's northern tip in 1872. In 1877, the hospital opened a School of Nursing, the fourth such training institution in the nation.

24363: 23675: 23549: 22805: 22795: 15637: 14808: 13885: 13290: 11591: 11059: 9151: 9119:"Southern Tip of Welfare Island Proposed as Site of U.N. School; 17-Acre Tract Would Be Used Instead of 48th St. Park – Mayor Backs Change" 3669: 1049: 840:

described the island as unsanitary. The city's controller recommended the construction of a new hospital to alleviate the poor conditions.

325: 324:. It consists of two largely residential communities: Northtown and Southtown. Roosevelt Island is owned by the city but was leased to the 20473: 16984: 16913: 16718: 14178: 12543: 8983: 8269:"City Completing Queens Hospital; Elmhurst General, Costing $ 26,000,000, Will Replace Welfare Island Center Staff of 1,000 Also Shifting" 5012:"Would Sell Blackwell's Island for Navy Yard; Plan Approved by City Authorities Provides for Public Park Maintained by Federal Government" 1740:

Before the 1970s, raw waste from Roosevelt Island was dumped directly into the East River. Garbage on Roosevelt Island is collected by an

320:, to the east. It is about 2 miles (3.2 km) long, with an area of 147 acres (0.59 km), and had a population of 11,722 as of the 24627: 23725: 22800: 22790: 19937: 16772: 15941: 12481: 1159:

No new buildings were completed between 1976 and 1989, due to delays in the subway line's opening and the city's financial troubles. The

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city. Through the 19th century, the island housed several hospitals and a prison. At one point there were 26 institutions on the island.

20240: 18685: 18161: 16622: 16435: 10568: 8000:"City Transfers 36 Aged Women To a New Home: They Quit Dingy Quarters for Bird Coler Hospital; 1,600 Will Move in Year Coronation Mug". 3488:

Goldman, John J. (February 2, 1982). "New York's 'Little Apple': Problems Ahead in Paradise?: Growth May Change Cozy Roosevelt Island".

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The Blackwell family settled the island over four generations. At the beginning of the 18th century, Blackwell built his farmhouse, the

24373: 24304: 24296: 24037: 23791: 23561: 23436: 23217: 21001: 20591:

Jon Sciambi grew up in a unique part of New York City, playing ball on tiny Roosevelt Island and rooting for the Philadelphia Phillies.

18768: 17042: 16539: 15316: 14640: 11438: 4227: 3693: 1700: 581:

was said to have purchased the island from the Lenape in 1637. A study from 1988 found that Van Twiller's deed referred to what is now

15291: 12147: 10411: 10208: 997:' New York chapter proposed that the island instead become a park, while yet another plan called for the island to become housing for 967:

and a women's jail on the island. Another medical facility for chronically ill and elderly patients opened on Welfare Island in 1958.

24763: 24319: 21164: 17143: 14901: 12346: 9866: 9608: 1789: 1369: 383:

In addition to residential towers, the island has several buildings that predate the residential development, including six that are

367:. During much of the 19th and 20th centuries, the island was used by hospitals and prisons, with very limited access. It was renamed 20499: 19244: 18967: 14737: 12102: 2221: train) is one of the deepest stations below sea level in the system, at more than 100 feet (30 m) below ground level. The 24622: 24617: 24590: 24585: 24580: 24492: 24059: 23641: 23629: 23592: 23511: 23506: 23501: 23489: 23484: 23093: 22892: 22257: 21738: 21717: 21084: 5926: 2495: 1838: 1629:

lighthouse at the northern end of the island, was built in 1872; it measures 50 feet (15 m) tall and was designed by Renwick.

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to the island by 1860, and maps indicate that Blackwell's Island had two reservoirs as well. The prison hospital was replaced with

654: 18225: 17690: 13690: 13037:

Garber, Nick (February 5, 2024). "Embattled Roosevelt Island leader put on leave from state post while allegations are reviewed".

11472: 1532:

Northtown II (also known as Manhattan Park), located north of Northtown and on the west side of Main Street, was developed by the

1426:, the Roosevelt Island Historical Society, has archival material about the island's history. The island has a biweekly newspaper, 1118:

UDC considered renaming the island to attract new residents; the Four Freedoms Foundation proposed renaming it for U.S. president

24595: 23982: 23960: 23556: 23266: 23098: 23073: 22945: 22926: 22852: 22728: 18135: 16565: 14072: 12881:

Bazzi, Mohamad (February 19, 1993). "Closeup They're Good Sports for Redevelopment Roosevelt Island Officials Tout Attractions".

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When the island was being redeveloped in the 1970s, the UDC had planned to operate 20-seat electric minibuses there. As of 2023,

1985: 890: 23459: 20460:

On a sunny morning not long ago, Keller greets me at his upper-floor apartment on Roosevelt Island and ushers me into his study.

18036: 13483: 3419: 1408:

article from the same year described the island as having the feel of a small town but with a closer connection to Manhattan. A

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renamed Blackwell's Island to Welfare Island. The aldermen hoped the new name would improve the island's reputation, though the

24638: 24027: 23890: 22967: 21524: 21159: 20257:

Epps was born on November 18, 1970 in Indianapolis, Indiana. Epps family moved to Roosevelt Island, New York when he was young.

20031: 18108: 17635: 16590:

Brosh, Brendan (May 1, 2007). "That's Flower Power. Roosevelt Island Gets Green Light as Turbines Harness East River Current".

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measuring either 20 inches (510 mm), 22 inches (56 cm), or 24 inches (61 cm) wide. Manufactured by Swedish firm

1696: 1226: 1182: 856:

announced plans to construct a prison hospital on the island in 1915; there was very little vacant land on the island by then.

15736: 13833: 12242: 11260: 11152: 7210: 4121:"City Is Closing Welfare Island's Old Almshouse: 218 -Year- Old Institution Will Begin Moving I-ts 1.500 Patients on July 1". 3755: 916:

proposed converting the jail site to a public park. A city committee instead recommended a plan by city hospital commissioner

24542: 24532: 24378: 24326: 24309: 24081: 23587: 23416: 23165: 21457: 20916: 20837: 20814: 20732: 20691: 20670: 19973: 19901: 19715: 19580: 19461: 19427: 19154: 19056: 18206: 17877: 17809: 16287: 13802: 12619: 6916: 4631: 4269: 2562: 1946: 1884:

Firefighters Field, located next to the ferry terminal north of Queensboro Bridge; measures 303 by 178 feet (92 by 54 m)

480:, which was worn down by East River currents, creating the current island. The layer of bedrock is shallow and is covered by 20182: 17883: 15892: 15843: 14422: 14267: 12580: 10901: 7696:"Coler Hospital Is Dedicated on Welfare Island: Mayor Talks at Ceremony; 2,000-Bed Unit, Largest in City, Ready Next Year". 7266: 715:, who oversaw some of the island's hospitals, described the island as having fallen into "degradation and neglect" by 1848. 24440: 24388: 24108: 23614: 23242: 22887: 20273: 7365:"Wayward Girls To Be Housed at Welfare Island: Mayor Reveals Plan to Use Cottages; Assails Stand of Borough S. P. C. C.s". 6096:"Prison Hospital Seen as Pest House; Commissioners Say Diseased, Criminal and Voluntary Patients Mingle in Blackwell Cells" 1815:'s office told reporters that the firehouse would not reopen because the island already had additional emergency services. 1606: 1378: 1237: 824: 19340: 17597: 15037: 14447: 10868: 10378: 7638: 6735:

Jones, Lamoyne (April 29, 1934). "Welfare Island's Whole System Modernized and Reformed as Sequel to Raid by MacCormick".

6704:"Children's Hospital for Welfare Island: $ 870,000 Nine-story Structure Will Be Added to East River Institutional Group". 24778: 23773: 23479: 23474: 23469: 23464: 23454: 22770: 22700: 22241: 21902: 21222: 21105: 19210: 18924: 18250: 17181: 16209: 15796: 15257: 12411: 12372: 11971: 10960: 9284: 9225: 9016: 8779: 8557: 8334: 7976:"City Shifts Women to Coler Hospital; $ 20,000,000 Unit for Aged and III on Welfare Island Gets First Patients, 42 to 95" 7793: 7605: 7549: 6131: 5787: 5736: 5526:"Threatens to Oust the Sage Institute; Charities Commissioner Drummond Says Its Directors Have Evaded the City's Control" 5307: 5288: 5196: 5036: 3910: 2979: 2903: 2763: 2690: 2279: 1023: 707:, at one point held 1,700 inmates, twice its designed capacity. Prisoners frequently tried to swim away from the island. 23494: 20971: 20576:"AA Q&A: Jon Sciambi talks baseball, redheads, the ESPN TV job he didn't get and the ALS charity he helped to start" 15223: 13741: 12031: 11810: 11511: 11085: 10803: 10769: 10593: 10155: 9833: 9700: 9666: 9582: 7876: 7819:"Welfare Island Bridge Slated By' 53 to Queens: City Receives Low Bid of $ 6,434,900 for 3-Lane 418-Foot Highway Link". 6640:"Welfare Island Hospital Called Too Old to Use: Report to Albany Also Condemns Continuation of Riker's Island Dumping". 6150: 6013: 5618: 5592: 5358: 5167: 5062: 4889: 4682: 24773: 24418: 24278: 24251: 23619: 23607: 23130: 22977: 22877: 19798: 19397: 19146:

Essential Methods for Planning Practitioners: Skills and Techniques for Data Analysis, Visualization, and Communication

12276: 12065: 11293: 11285: 10128: 10019: 10011: 9942: 9934: 9726: 9310: 6411:"Welfare Island Hit by State Commission; Conditions at Old Penitentiary Condemned in Report, Which Criticizes the City" 1383: 1321: 1301: 23281: 20744:

Board of Education: Roosevelt Island School Site PS/IS 217 CEQR No. 88-102M (Revised) Archaeological Assessment Report

19270: 17906: 15189: 14031: 13776: 13656: 11226: 10710: 10501: 9902:

Dennis, Landt (January 2, 1970). "River town for 20,000 families?: Optimism voiced Plan explained Landmarks to stay".

9050: 7179:"City Day Camp Is Reopened for Convalescents: Welfare Island Institution Begins Second Season With Only 20 Patients". 3987: 24368: 24220: 24044: 23719: 23646: 23406: 23309: 23170: 22938: 22031: 20876: 20650: 16175: 13446: 12309: 6176: 5671:"Dr. Davis Picks Site of Prison Hospital; Selects Also a Place for New "Disciplinary" Quarters on Blackwell's Island" 5644: 3706: 2700: 2456: – sentenced to 30 days for distribution of information about birth control; jailed after her sister Ethel Byrne 2411: 2217: 1602: 1526: 1250: 384: 35: 17: 20523:"How 'Sex and the City' Made Sarah Jessica Parker the Poster Girl for the New Manhattan – New York Magazine – Nymag" 17473: 17342: 16375: 6947:"New York's Island 'Pen' Is Passing: Health Center Will Replace Century-Old Forbidding Penitentiary in East River". 6862:"Report Backs Welfare Island Hospitals Plan: Mayor's Committee Asks All of Land Be Used for Care of Indigent Sick". 6291:"Island Playground Favored by Walker; But Sees Many Obstacles to Plan to Transform Welfare Area, He Says After Tour" 6201: 1495:

wrote of the buildings on the island: "Their physical surfaces are harsh but the streetscapes aren't." In 1977, the

24507: 24408: 24271: 23002: 22902: 21052: 20187: 19656:"De Fornaro Must Serve His Sentence; Certificate of Reasonable Doubt Denied in Caricaturist's Conviction for Libel" 19623:"Free Becky Edelson; Funeral Plans Off; Friends Give a Bond for Agitator Who Has Been on a Hunger Strike in Prison" 18002: 12736: 11706: 8058:"Aged Completing City Home Exodus; Ward 1 Closes as Last 25 Men Ride to New Coler Hospital, Also on Welfare Island" 7514:"City Speeds Work on New Hospitals; Buildings and Facilities That Will Cost $ 41,936,000 Are Being Added to System" 5837:"Blackwell's Island a Prison Terrible; Treatment of Convicts There Is Vile and Inhuman, Commissioner Davis Reports" 4980:"Would Use It as a Hospital: Controller Opposed to Suggestion to Turn Blackwell's Island Over to Navy Department". 4321: 4097:"City's Bleak House is Ending Its Days; Welfare Island Home Dickens Assailed Will Be Replaced by a Modern Hospital" 2705: 2525: 2255: 2249: 2239: 2233: 2227: 2211: 2130: 1988:

graduate school of applied sciences, would be built on the island. The first phase of Cornell Tech opened in 2017.

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ordered that the island's buildings be refurbished after he became the city's public welfare commissioner in 1918.

763: 731: 21489: 20412: 20058: 10181: 8805:

Ross, Don (December 12, 1961). "A Refuge in Time of World Tension: Welfare Island Proposed as Home for UN Staff".

6971:"Prison Demolition Starts Next Week; Welfare Island Penitentiary to Make Way for a Health Center for Chronic Sick" 6782:"Huge Sports Field to Replace Prison; Moses Announces Plan to Use 35 Acres on Welfare Island for 'Intensive Play'" 5763:"Better Prisons for City Urged; State Commission Points Out Evils of Overcrowding and Presents Building Programme" 2631:(born 1970) – stand-up comedian, actor, film producer, writer and rapper, best known for playing Day-Day Jones in 2293:'s Astoria route since August 2017. The ferry landing is on the east side of the island near the tramway station. 24288: 24261: 24205: 24091: 23741: 23390: 23375: 23370: 23365: 23360: 23110: 23012: 22872: 22758: 22750: 21394: 21231: 19110: 18352: 16891: 13919: 12704:

Lebow, Joan (August 21, 1989). "Developer of Project on Roosevelt Island Off Manhattan Faces Unusual Challenge".

9455:

Fulton, William (January 16, 1968). "Report From New York: Bleak East River Island May Be in for a Sprucing Up".

6838:"Goldwater's Plan for Island Upheld; City Planning Committee Will Declare Against Moses in Report to Mayor Today" 6608:"Cancer Institute Gets New Pavilion; Cornerstone Laid on Welfare Island by Commissioner Coler and City Officials" 6258:"Plan to Make a Park of Welfare Island; Suggestion in Albany to Abandon Penitentiary and Make a Playground There" 2768: 2180:

style, with a concrete facade, and also included the island's first post office and fire station. There are also

1781: 1641: 1018: 931:, opened in July 1939, the Central and Neurological Hospital closed. An eight-building camp also opened in 1939. 886: 19741:"The "Man-Monster" by Jonathan Ned Katz · Peter Sewally/Mary Jones, June 11, 1836 · OutHistory: It's About Time" 13859: 8518:

Ross, Don (July 4, 1960). "Welfare Island Only Half Used: Weeds and Shells of Buildings Cover Invaluable Land".

7672:"Hospital Expense Upheld by O'Dwyer; Cornerstone for $ 17,000,000 Bird S. Coler Memorial Laid on Welfare Island" 7035:"City Outlines Plans for New Hospital; Series of Four-Story Buildings Will Stretch Almost Across Welfare Island" 3035: 24512: 24230: 24010: 23926: 23411: 23237: 23007: 22731: 22693: 22234: 21069: 20994: 19865: 19688: 18624:"Neighborhood Report: Roosevelt Island; . . . and a Recommendation to Make Its Only Bridge an Immovable Object" 15671: 14614: 13572:

Sheftell, Jason (January 25, 2008). "Roosevelt Island. Is This the Start of a New Look for the Neighborhood?".

13223: 8483:"City Patients Get Bright New Home; Dedication Held at Welfare Island Unit for the Aged -Decor Is Loewy's Work" 4775: 1881:

Capobianco Field, located south of the Roosevelt Island Bridge ramp; measures 175 by 230 feet (53 by 70 m)

1541: 1470: 1349: 700: 562: 274: 262: 20640: 16883: 16647: 16487:"New York opens first segment of 3rd water tunnel 60-mile, $ 6 billion project will be done in about 20 years" 7445:"O'Dwyer in Tour of Old Hospitals; Observes 'Frightful' Conditions in Some of the Buildings on Welfare Island" 7389:"Shelter for Girls Due to Open Today; City Department to Administer Welfare Island Camp, La Guardia Announces" 5256:"Need More Hospitals Investigators Say; State Charities Aid Committee Would Establish Emergency Wards at Once" 5223:"City Lighting Plant Bill; Proposal to Locate the Power House on Blackwell's Island Will Be Opposed at Albany" 1249:, Roosevelt Island had a population of 9,520. Some of the island's original buildings, which were part of the 1115:

formally designated Welfare Island as a "new town" in December 1972, making it eligible for additional funds.

24768: 24502: 24256: 24103: 24022: 24015: 23872: 23733: 23544: 23254: 23125: 23105: 22914: 22909: 22739: 22118: 21930: 21338: 20375: 19765: 19078: 19076: 19074: 7761:"City Urges Bridge to Welfare Island; $ 3,000,000 Project Advanced as Best Aid to Traffic on Queensboro Span" 7091:"New Hospital Gets First City Patients; Two Veteran Inmates of Old Institution on Welfare Island Transferred" 1796: 1776: 1418:

described the island as a "fantastic and peaceful place to live", albeit with many disputes among residents.

972: 266: 21380: 18833: 16514:"Community Group Hopes to Turn Roosevelt Island's Steam Plant Into a Museum for Technology, Art and Science" 15155: 14311: 8951:"Proposed Subway on Welfare Island Revives a Dream; Industrialist Hopes Plan tor Sub. City Will Be Realized" 5384:"Blackwell's Island the World's Best Guarded Prison: Whirlpool Currents Drown Prisoners Who Try To Escape". 4595:"Is a Disgrace to the City; So Declares the Grand Jury of the Blackwell's Island Asylum for Female Lunatics" 2278:

route operates between the island and Queens, making a loop around Roosevelt Island. RIOC also operates the

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and installed in 1975, it was the second AVAC system in the U.S. at the time of its installation, after the

24086: 23527: 23449: 23444: 22199: 22192: 22185: 21817: 21813: 21809: 21745: 21595: 21079: 20976:, a fully digitized exhibition catalog about Roosevelt Island from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries 20658: 20605:"Victoria's Secret model being sued for 'misleading' Airbnb listing defends her Roosevelt Island apartment" 19997: 16648:"Experimental Tidal Turbines In East River To Be Replaced As Part Of Roosevelt Island Tidal Energy Project" 16311: 14587: 14473:"Amanda Matthews of Prometheus Art Selected to Create Monument to Journalist Nelly Bly on Roosevelt Island" 13621:

Shallwani, Pervaiz (September 30, 2011). "Property – Block Party: Roosevelt Island Shops for More Stores".

10344: 2009: 1950: 1849:

in 1974 and consists of two rows of trees converging toward a granite "room" at the island's southern tip.

1688: 1680: 1430:, which was founded in 1981; it originally had a column with pieces about the history of Roosevelt Island. 959: 787: 774: 696: 31: 23120: 21200: 19596: 19071: 18327: 17540: 17313: 14233: 12851: 8857:"Welfare Island Awaits Its Fate; Families That Remain Amid the Quiet and Weeds Fear Plan for Huge Project" 3522:

Zengota, Eric (July 22, 2005). "The oasis in the East River ; Roosevelt Island: an in-city getaway".

1106:

The first phase of the development, Northtown, was to accommodate about 2,100 families. The law professor

24336: 24314: 24192: 23953: 23836: 23765: 23426: 22897: 22862: 22857: 22591: 22178: 22171: 22164: 22157: 22150: 22143: 22136: 22129: 22122: 21848: 21805: 21672: 21668: 21578: 21574: 21552: 21503: 21472: 21265: 21261: 21257: 21178: 20795: 20780: 20774:

Phase 1a Archaeological Study Installation of Duct Banks South End of Roosevelt Island New York, New York

20765: 20750: 20713: 17661: 8302:"Health Door Open for 100 Oldsters; Rehabilitation Service for Those Over 60 Operating on Welfare Island" 1741: 1732:

project; The turbines powered small parts of the island. Three new turbines were installed in the 2020s.

1668: 1626: 1357: 928: 278: 15385:

Anderson, John (May 3, 2002). "'Spider-Man' Is Just Marvel-ous / A fun spin on action, humor, romance".

12813:"Tempest on the River; It Was Supposed to Be an Urban Utopia. Today, Roosevelt Island Is a Battleground" 9419: 4465: 3862: 786:

in the mid-1890s, and Wards Island's Homeopathic Hospital relocated to Blackwell's Island, becoming the

24711: 24653: 24645: 24524: 24475: 24066: 23187: 22933: 22882: 22639: 22614: 21988: 21972: 21646: 21609: 20907: 20380: 20124:"Kickstarter co-founder Perry Chen's advice to startup founders and investors: Don't lie to each other" 14370: 14073:"For Its Roosevelt Island Tech Campus, Cornell Pursues Some Cutting-Edge Designs by Thom Mayne and SOM" 13708: 3794: 1807:, served the island until it closed in 2003. There was controversy over the firehouse's closure, and a 1632:

The remaining three official city landmarks are former hospitals. At the island's southern tip are the

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on his lease in 1658 and was deported for "gross immoralities", and Fyn's lawyer took back the island.

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Phase 1a Archaeological Sensitivity Assessment for Southpoint Park Roosevelt Island New York, New York

18860: 18659: 8417:"New Site Sought for Fire College; Cavanagh Plans to Replace Three Schools With One on Welfare Island" 8093: 4364:"Want Black Well's Island Name Back; Historians Resent Change by Mayor and Aldermen to Welfare Island" 1795:

Roosevelt Island has no firehouse. Fire protection services are provided by Engine Company 260 of the

695:

whereas there were only 24 staff members (including those not assigned to guard duties). By 1839, the

539:. The name is variously translated as "long island" or "It's nice to be on the island". The historian 24753: 24565: 24413: 24225: 24149: 24123: 24003: 23866: 23842: 23304: 23259: 23207: 22984: 22039: 21883: 21862: 21618: 21238: 20987: 16142:"Streetscapes/Charity Hospital on Roosevelt Island; Piles of Rubble Where Grim Gray Walls Once Stood" 14924: 10234: 4659:"To Enlarge City Prisons: Plans for Additions to the Tombs and the Blackwell's Island Penitentiary". 2649: 2534: – went undercover as a patient in the Women's Lunatic Asylum and reported what happened in the 2346: 1341: 1283: 1246: 634:

wrote that the island had gained the Blackwell name "by a mere chance, or the result of a marriage".

585:

further north, but a subsequent study said that Van Twiller acquired Randalls, Wards, Roosevelt, and

450: 321: 24140: 19486:"Obscene, Lewd, and Lascivious: Ida Craddock and the Criminally Obscene Women of Chicago, 1873–1913" 9372:"' Think Tank' Director Proposes $ 2-Billion Plan to Develop Welfare Island as 'City of the Future'" 8143:"Welfare Island Gets Own Bridge; $ 6,500,000 Link With Long Island City Is Opened by Jack and Lundy" 1483:

magazine wrote that the Johnson–Burgee design was "a nice plan for a very nice community", while an

24642: 24612: 24557: 24497: 24423: 24400: 24235: 24071: 24054: 23998: 23848: 23667: 22997: 22661: 22387: 22291: 22102: 22079: 21275: 21143: 21126: 21057: 20552: 3688: 2830:

The Queensboro Bridge, which crosses the island, is als a city landmark and iso listed on the NRHP.

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transit to and from the island were a ferry from 78th Street in Manhattan and an elevator from the

2087: 1198: 1160: 963: 392: 14356: 4413: 859:

By the 1910s, twenty-five thousand prisoners passed through the island's jail annually, and Mayor

24783: 24453: 24448: 23063: 23034: 22466: 22055: 22047: 21894: 21766: 21602: 21373: 21324: 21303: 21215: 21138: 4758:"New Almshouse Buildings; Opened on Blackwell's Island by the Mayor and Commissioners of Charity" 3698: 3168: 2542: 2356: 2159: 2026: 2005: 1853: 1491: 950: 845: 445: 441: 388: 305: 221: 20152: 19740: 16460:

Armistead, Thomas F. (July 13, 1998). "New Route for New York Water Will Be Opened This Month".

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up to 12,000 years ago. In particular, the area was the homeland of the Mareckawick, a group of

68: 24692: 24470: 24266: 24200: 24076: 24049: 23946: 23824: 23692: 23654: 23354: 23050: 22473: 22313: 22007: 21890: 21841: 21710: 21443: 21042: 20703:

An Archaeological Evaluation of the Northtown Phase II Project Area, Roosevelt Island, New York

20481: 18461:"Neighborhood Report: Roosevelt Island; Disabled Say Island Is Even More So With Old Elevators" 17768: 8088: 8086: 7300:"Architects File Building Plans; Projects Include Training School for Nurses on Welfare Island" 2515: 2306: 2222: 2177: 1808: 1753: 1622: 1594: 1454: 1448: 1401: 1361: 1314: 1300:, which was dedicated in December 2021. There was an additional influx of residents during the 1001:

staff. Other plans included those for a college campus or a smaller-scale residential area. A

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are located on Roosevelt Island, and numerous community organizations have been founded there.

20804: 20680: 19451: 19417: 18283: 17279:"Experience Southpoint Park | Roosevelt Island Operating Corporation of the State of New York" 17234: 16025: 15704: 8180:"City Moves to Restore Desolate Welfare Island; City Moves to Restore Desolate Welfare Island" 5982:"Shift Under Way at Blackwell's: Twenty Prisoners Transferred Under New System to City Farm". 5951:"Women on Island See Better Days: Reforms Change Inmates From Sullen Mob to Friendly Family". 5869:"Prisoners Ill-treated on Blackwell's Island: Indictments Expected to Follow Secret Inquiry". 4621: 4439: 4152: 2839:

The area codes 646 and 332 are overlays of the original 212 area code, which serves Manhattan.

2096: 1640:

ruin built in 1857 as the first smallpox hospital in the U.S., and the Strecker Laboratory, a

499:

Roosevelt Island's street layout is based on a master plan designed in 1969 by the architects

24458: 24428: 24346: 24341: 24210: 24096: 23711: 23385: 23182: 22867: 22716: 22509: 22479: 22344: 22094: 21916: 21759: 21664: 21570: 20662: 20269: 19963: 19891: 19144: 19027: 18905: 18563: 18196: 17034: 16962: 16603: 16465: 16416: 16277: 16115: 15528: 15502: 15398: 14969: 14061: 13634: 13611: 13585: 13329: 13205: 13174: 13137:"Neighborhood Report: Roosevelt Island; Roosevelt Island Report: A Cry for Independence . . " 13042: 12951: 12894: 12717: 12519: 12291: 12216: 11368: 11332: 11168: 10849: 10666: 10483: 10272: 10118: 10080: 9987: 9915: 9764: 9504: 9468: 9409: 8905: 8818: 8698: 8675: 8618: 8531: 8406: 8258: 8132: 8031: 8013: 7832: 7709: 7595: 7434: 7378: 7256: 7192: 7161: 7072: 7016: 6960: 6875: 6819: 6748: 6717: 6653: 6597: 6566: 6507: 6448: 6392: 6328: 6247: 6077: 5995: 5964: 5882: 5826: 5474: 5451: 5420: 5389: 5157: 5126: 4993: 4863: 4814: 4739: 4672: 4497: 4302: 4134: 3565: 3527: 3501: 3458: 3326: 3242: 2797:"Eylandt" is the early-modern Dutch spelling; the word for "island" in 21st-century Dutch is 2184:

along Main Street, but parking is limited to 20 minutes. Since 2020, the island has also had

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moved to mainland Manhattan later that year, while the City Hospital was replaced in 1957 by

646: 372: 20788: 20758: 19362: 18592: 18300: 13530: 10470:

Weisman, Steven R. (June 4, 1972). "Doubts Linger, but Welfare Island Venture Moves Ahead".

8083: 7059:"City Lends a Hand to Medicine: Chronic Disease Research Unit Joins Welfare Island Center". 6040:"Jail for Women Prisoners; Mayor Hylan Forbids New Order to Send Them to Blackwell's Island" 4626:. Pharmaceutical Products Press Pharmaceutical Heritage. Taylor & Francis. p. 134. 24725: 24680: 24632: 24351: 24331: 24118: 23326: 23321: 23247: 23177: 22992: 22989: 22972: 22960: 22950: 22742: 22502: 21787: 21724: 21517: 21422: 21296: 20773: 20743: 20709: 20702: 17066:"Six Firehouses Receive Order to Close by Sunday Morning, as Lawsuit to Save Them Proceeds" 16403:

Brosh, Brendan (February 10, 2008). "The People Vote, but for What, on Roosevelt Island?".

13000:"Neighborhood Report: Roosevelt Island; After 26 Years, Turbulence for an Urban Experiment" 2728: 2499: 2463: 2244: 2201: 2197: 2166: 1533: 1365: 1170: 1002: 630: 396: 20867:

New York 1960: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Second World War and the Bicentennial

18951: 17210:"BBQ in Lighthouse Park | Roosevelt Island Operating Corporation of the State of New York" 14956:

Sherman, Beth (March 10, 1988). "Roosevelt Island: a Small Town in the Urban Mainstream".

14512: 5893:"Investigates Penitentiary; Whitman Looking Into Charges of Cruelty on Blackwell's Island" 4408: 4406: 4404: 2124: 1729: 1679:

from Manhattan. The island has a ZIP Code of 10044, and residents are assigned area codes

589:

islands simultaneously. In any case, Roosevelt Island was known in early modern Dutch as

8: 23757: 23749: 23703: 23662: 23602: 22921: 22584: 22437: 22356: 22338: 21909: 21696: 21310: 20961: 20609: 20507: 20447: 20214: 20157: 20077:

grew up in Roosevelt Island, New York, a few houses down from Bobo, her brother's friend.

18834:"The Deepest and Highest Subway Stations in NYC: 191st St, 190th Street, Smith & 9th" 18597: 18568: 18500:"City's Last Trolley at End of Line; Buses Will Replace 49-Year Route on Queensboro Span" 13379:"Neighborhood Report: Roosevelt Island; Unsavory Past, Great Design and a Makeover Looms" 6529:"Synagogue for the City; Mayor Accepts New Building for Jewish Inmates on Welfare Island" 2711: 2671: 2662: 1842: 1637: 1504: 1485: 1479: 1438: 1414: 1353: 1345: 1324:, Roosevelt Island attracted UN employees almost as soon as the first building opened. A 1068: 1032: 917: 270: 258: 17969: 17939: 15546: 14545:"Final building of Roosevelt Island's Riverwalk neighborhood closed on by two companies" 14423:"Roosevelt Island officials plan 'art trail' in an effort to boost tourism and business" 8119:

Poteete, Robert A. (May 19, 1955). "Welfare Island to Queens Bridge Is Opened by City".

6672:"Welfare Island Rezoned; Loses Residential Classification and Becomes Unrestricted Area" 1995:

United for Libraries Literary Landmark dedicated by the Empire State Center for the Book

1957:

21st century, PS/IS 217 was the only public school on the island, serving students from

1517: 24358: 24128: 23571: 23197: 23068: 23019: 22835: 22443: 22350: 22318: 21588: 21208: 21121: 20865: 20826: 19513: 17408:"Welfare Island to Get a 'Geyser'; Fountain, Delayed by Health Hazard, to Spout Monday" 17009: 16376:"Roosevelt Island Revolt: Residents Call for Governance Changes Amid Corporation Chaos" 15744: 9642:"Urban Agreement Reached; State Urban Agency Is Invited To Join in Eight City Projects" 8630:"Fire College Site Dedicated by City; Giant 'Blaze' and Rescue Shown on Welfare Island" 4956:"Opposed to Navy Plan; City Officials Do Not Want a Drill Ground on Blackwell's Island" 4709:"Improvements for Charities; Work on New Buildings on Blackwell's Island Begins To-day" 4401: 3813: 1981: 1961:

to grade 8. High-school students on the island generally went to schools in Manhattan.

1845:, opened in 2012 at the southern end of the island. Four Freedoms Park was designed by 1800: 1423: 1271: 1206: 1147:

took over the UDC's residential developments, including Roosevelt Island. Following an

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hospital complex in 1936. When the Welfare Island Hospital for Chronic Diseases, later

860: 578: 409: 22655: 17312:. The Nelson A. Rockefeller Institute of Government. 2014. p. 672. Archived from 16685: 15343:"This Vibrant Public Swimming Pool Gives NYC's Concrete Jungle Some Much-Needed Color" 7910:"City Orders Plans for Tb Hospital; Proposed $ 21,300,000 Hospital for Welfare Island" 2603:(born 1976) – entrepreneur, best known for being the creator and principal founder of 1932: 1764: 949:, also began in 1948. Further projects were proposed in the late 1940s, including the 24383: 24215: 23878: 23854: 23818: 23348: 22830: 22549: 21869: 21731: 21496: 21468: 21345: 21282: 21133: 21074: 20912: 20882: 20872: 20843: 20833: 20810: 20728: 20687: 20666: 20348: 20281: 20005: 19969: 19897: 19839: 19806: 19773: 19663: 19630: 19576: 19546: 19505: 19457: 19423: 19393: 19278: 19252: 19218: 19185: 19150: 19118: 19019: 18997: 18959: 18897: 18803: 18631: 18507: 18468: 18258: 18232: 18202: 18078: 18044: 18010: 17914: 17873: 17842: 17776: 17698: 17515: 17481: 17448: 17415: 17379: 17343:"Architecture: The Stunning Louis I. Kahn Design of the Long-Awaited F.D.R. Memorial" 17278: 17241: 17151: 17112: 17073: 16954: 16921: 16806: 16726: 16630: 16595: 16547: 16408: 16349: 16283: 16251: 16217: 16183: 16149: 16107: 15874: 15711: 15679: 15645: 15606: 15494: 15464: 15425: 15390: 15361:"Roosevelt Island's colorful Manhattan Park Pool Club is back and open to the public" 15299: 15265: 15231: 15197: 15163: 15045: 15008: 14961: 14895:"Key Population & Housing Characteristics; 2020 Census Results for New York City" 14782: 14745: 14711: 14674: 14622: 14475:(Press release). Roosevelt Island Operating Corporation of New York. October 16, 2019 14319: 14275: 14241: 14008: 13971: 13927: 13893: 13810: 13716: 13664: 13626: 13577: 13538: 13491: 13454: 13420: 13413:"Neighborhood Report: Roosevelt Island; The Gate Swings Open On a Mostly Locked Park" 13386: 13348: 13321: 13262: 13197: 13144: 13110: 13076: 13007: 12921: 12886: 12820: 12781: 12744: 12709: 12669: 12627: 12588: 12551: 12489: 12456: 12419: 12380: 12354: 12317: 12283: 12250: 12208: 12155: 12110: 12073: 12039: 12013: 12006:"Audit Says Roosevelt Island Is a Burden to the Taxpayer; $ 86 Million Cost Overruns" 11979: 11953: 11920: 11886: 11852: 11818: 11780: 11747: 11714: 11683: 11641: 11599: 11560: 11519: 11480: 11446: 11394: 11360: 11297: 11267: 11234: 11160: 11126: 11093: 11067: 11033: 10968: 10942: 10935:"Plans for Memorial at Roosevelt Island Announced During Dedication Ceremony at Site" 10909: 10876: 10841: 10811: 10777: 10752: 10718: 10692: 10658: 10628: 10576: 10543: 10509: 10475: 10419: 10386: 10352: 10306: 10242: 10163: 10110: 10075:

Von Eckardt, Wolf (July 14, 1974). "2,100 Families Awaited at New York Island Town".

10023: 9979: 9946: 9907: 9874: 9841: 9816: 9783: 9734: 9708: 9674: 9649: 9616: 9565: 9531: 9496: 9460: 9430: 9379: 9318: 9292: 9267: 9233: 9196: 9159: 9126: 9092: 9058: 9024: 8991: 8958: 8924: 8917:"Welfare Island to Be on Subway; Station to Be Built in New 63d St. Tunnel to Queens" 8897: 8864: 8810: 8762: 8717: 8690: 8667: 8637: 8610: 8565: 8523: 8490: 8457: 8424: 8398: 8368: 8309: 8276: 8250: 8220: 8187: 8150: 8124: 8065: 8005: 7983: 7950: 7917: 7884: 7850: 7824: 7768: 7735: 7701: 7679: 7646: 7613: 7587: 7557: 7521: 7485: 7452: 7426: 7396: 7370: 7340: 7307: 7274: 7248: 7218: 7184: 7153: 7131: 7098: 7064: 7042: 7008: 6978: 6952: 6912: 6867: 6845: 6811: 6789: 6740: 6709: 6679: 6645: 6615: 6589: 6558: 6536: 6499: 6477: 6440: 6418: 6384: 6354: 6320: 6298: 6265: 6239: 6209: 6184: 6103: 6069: 6047: 5987: 5956: 5900: 5874: 5844: 5818: 5770: 5711: 5678: 5626: 5567: 5533: 5500: 5443: 5412: 5341: 5263: 5230: 5149: 5118: 5096: 5019: 4985: 4963: 4930: 4897: 4855: 4806: 4731: 4664: 4627: 4371: 4329: 4265: 4235: 4160: 4126: 4104: 3870: 3763: 3702: 3557: 3493: 3427: 3318: 3275: 3234: 3098: 3043: 2987: 2911: 2654: 2639: 2578: 2377: 2142: 2108: 1973: 1769: 1633: 1213: 1006: 908: 849: 777:

was constructed in 1892 for the City Hospital. The next year, the city began sending

723: 678: 616: 493: 413: 20955: 20828:

New York 2000: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Bicentennial and the Millennium

19893:

Pity for Evil: Suffrage, Abortion, and Women's Empowerment in Reconstruction America

16342:"Neighborhood Report: Roosevelt Island; In Search of Democracy for Roosevelt Island" 5813:"Vile Conditions on Blackwell's Island: Cells for Insane Prisoners Unfit for Pigs". 5560:"Streetscapes/The Queensboro Bridge; Spanning the East River, With a Sense of Drama" 23804: 23781: 23271: 23227: 22955: 22420: 22398: 22328: 21956: 21876: 21625: 21538: 21359: 19799:"Review | The story of a 19th-century firebrand who stood up to abortion foes" 19497: 18440:. Roosevelt Island Operating Corporation of the State of New York. November 7, 2014 13341:"Posting: As 2 on Roosevelt I. Near Completion; 2 Residences Planned for Southtown" 7843:"City Speeds Welfare Island Bridge Plans; Hopes to Begin Building by First of Year" 7124:"Hospital to Open July 6; Central and Neurological Unit on Welfare Island to Close" 4414:"Blackwell's Island (Roosevelt Island), New York City (U.S. National Park Service)" 3684: 2717: 2549: 2393: 2364: 1962: 1958: 1895:

Pony Field, located east of the Octagon; measures 250 by 230 feet (76 by 70 m)

1804: 1572:

The southern end of the island also contains four buildings, which are part of the

1521: 1368:

of any race were 12.3% (1,440) of the population. In the 2020 census data from the

1107: 836: 612: 586: 485: 417: 356: 204: 10105:"'Utopian' island next door to Manhattan: Isolation valued Some nearly complete". 8755:"Welfare Island Sought as Park; Architects Here Attack a Plan for Housing Project" 5407:"Health Protective at Work: Finds Sanitary Conditions on Blackwell's Island Bad". 4543:"To Care for Typhus Patients; Blackwell's Island Maternity Hospitals Will Be Used" 3552:

Claiborne, William (June 25, 1975). "Money Woes Threaten N. Y.'s 'Other Island'".

1918: 958:

Welfare Island Bridge opened in May 1955, and a bus began serving the island. The

863:

proposed shutting the jail. There were also proposals to move the penitentiary to

525:

According to archaeological digs, the area around Roosevelt Island was settled by

24433: 23912: 23830: 22845: 22648: 22554: 22544: 22023: 21798: 21780: 21773: 21653: 21482: 21415: 21401: 21387: 21250: 21063: 21037: 20945:

Roosevelt Island Operating Corporation's website for Events, memberships, permits

20890: 20851: 20722: 19419:

Encyclopedia of Sex and Sexuality: Understanding Biology, Psychology, and Culture

17867: 17209: 15532: 15506: 14775:"Habitats/Roosevelt Island; An Apartment in the City, But a Little Bit Out of It" 14513:"Monument honoring journalist Nellie Bly opens: "This installation is spiritual"" 14065: 13046: 12967: 12965: 11336: 10084: 9768: 9413: 8822: 8702: 8622: 8535: 8410: 8262: 8136: 8017: 7836: 7713: 7599: 7438: 7382: 7333:"Backs Hospital Unit Here; Expediter Approves $ 1,250,000 Welfare island Project" 7260: 7196: 7165: 7076: 7020: 6906: 6879: 6823: 6752: 6657: 6601: 6570: 6511: 6452: 6396: 6332: 6251: 5478: 5393: 4833:"Blackwell's Island Fire; Prison Hospital, Erected in 1828, Completely Destroyed" 4138: 2667: 2610: 2594: 2524: - near the end of his trip to the United States, performed an operation at 2491: 2453: 2286: 2170: 2031: 1792:

also patrols the island; its officers can make arrests but do not carry weapons.

1785: 1780:

services from Queens. Roosevelt Island is patrolled by the 114th Precinct of the

1610: 1297: 1292: 1177: 1165: 1135: 1044: 853: 812: 727: 650: 638: 550: 477: 19832:"Mrs. Sanger Starts Term; Her Sister, Mrs. Byrne, Condemns Conditions on Island" 19031: 18909: 17441:"Welfare Island to Get Fountain; Delacorte Will Build It and Pay for Its Upkeep" 16966: 16607: 16469: 16420: 16119: 15402: 14973: 13638: 13615: 13589: 13333: 13209: 13178: 12955: 12898: 12721: 12523: 12295: 12220: 11372: 11172: 10853: 10670: 10487: 10276: 10122: 9991: 9919: 9558:"Mayor Discloses Welfare is. Plan; Public Agency Will Develop Parks and Housing" 9508: 9472: 8909: 8679: 6964: 6553:"Walker at Dedication Riles: Mayor Lauds New Synagogue on Welfare Island Site". 6470:"Chapel is Consecrated; Bishop Manning Presides at Ceremonies on Welfare Island" 6081: 5999: 5968: 5886: 5830: 5455: 5424: 5161: 5130: 4997: 4867: 4818: 4743: 4726:"For the City's Wards: Improvements Planned by the Commissioners of Charities". 4676: 4501: 4306: 3569: 3531: 3505: 3330: 3246: 2301: 2081: 1130:, and the island had been expanded by 4 acres (1.6 ha) using dirt from the 573:

There are disputes over who owned the island after the European colonization of

24737: 23905: 23860: 23687: 23636: 23342: 23336: 23202: 23115: 22629: 22496: 22415: 22409: 22403: 22380: 22300: 22087: 21964: 21331: 18109:"Literary Landmark: Roosevelt Island Branch, New York Public Library – various" 17601: 8780:"Bitterly Opposing Housing, Top Architects Endorse East River Recreation Isles" 6721: 2616: 2572: 2536: 2508: 2444: 2435: 2432:

who was a center of media attention for coming to court wearing feminine attire

2416: 2369: 1812: 1745: 1547: 1442: 1259: 1094: 1056: 1028: 1014: 998: 704: 574: 500: 465: 15960:"New hotel offers unique NYC escape; no smallpox or criminal record necessary" 15137: 15135: 14397:"Hudson, Related land 'complex' financing package for next Riverwalk building" 12962: 12914:"Neighborhood Report: Roosevelt Island; Returning a Bit of the City to Nature" 9491:

Goldman, John J. (July 29, 1971). "Welfare Island's New City Begins to Rise".

4569:"City's Hapless Wards; Money Needed that There be Decent Charity Administered" 1520:

designed the Island House and Rivercross buildings east of Main Street, while

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buildings attracted middle-class residents. The FDNY training school moved to

665: 24747: 24575: 24487: 24181: 23969: 23809: 23532: 23421: 23380: 23315: 23058: 23044: 22672: 22619: 22603: 22572: 22533: 22281: 22063: 21689: 21682: 21639: 21545: 21531: 21510: 21429: 21366: 21352: 21235: 21023: 20965: 20285: 20009: 19843: 19810: 19777: 19667: 19634: 19550: 19509: 19282: 19256: 19222: 19189: 19122: 19023: 19001: 18963: 18901: 18807: 18635: 18511: 18472: 18262: 18236: 18082: 18048: 18014: 17918: 17846: 17780: 17749: 17702: 17519: 17485: 17452: 17419: 17383: 17245: 17155: 17116: 17077: 16958: 16925: 16831: 16810: 16730: 16634: 16599: 16551: 16412: 16353: 16255: 16221: 16187: 16153: 16111: 15893:"Tour Cornell Tech's residential building, the world's tallest passive house" 15878: 15715: 15683: 15649: 15610: 15498: 15468: 15429: 15394: 15303: 15269: 15235: 15201: 15167: 15049: 15012: 14965: 14786: 14749: 14715: 14678: 14626: 14323: 14279: 14245: 14130:"As a Specialty Care Hospital Prepares to Close, Patients Wonder What's Next" 14012: 13931: 13897: 13814: 13720: 13668: 13630: 13581: 13542: 13495: 13458: 13424: 13390: 13352: 13325: 13266: 13201: 13148: 13114: 13080: 13011: 12925: 12890: 12824: 12785: 12748: 12713: 12673: 12631: 12592: 12555: 12493: 12460: 12423: 12384: 12358: 12321: 12287: 12254: 12212: 12159: 12114: 12077: 12043: 12017: 11983: 11957: 11924: 11890: 11856: 11822: 11784: 11751: 11718: 11687: 11645: 11603: 11564: 11523: 11484: 11450: 11398: 11364: 11301: 11271: 11238: 11164: 11130: 11097: 11071: 11037: 10972: 10946: 10913: 10880: 10845: 10815: 10781: 10756: 10722: 10696: 10662: 10632: 10580: 10547: 10536:"Soon-to-Be Residents of Roosevelt Is. (Nee Welfare Is.) Inspect Their Homes" 10513: 10479: 10423: 10390: 10356: 10310: 10246: 10167: 10114: 10027: 9983: 9950: 9911: 9878: 9845: 9820: 9787: 9738: 9712: 9678: 9653: 9620: 9569: 9535: 9500: 9464: 9434: 9383: 9322: 9296: 9271: 9237: 9200: 9163: 9130: 9096: 9085:"6 Sites Proposed by State For Its First Parks in City; Transport Key Factor" 9062: 9028: 8995: 8962: 8928: 8901: 8868: 8814: 8766: 8721: 8694: 8671: 8641: 8614: 8569: 8527: 8494: 8461: 8428: 8402: 8372: 8313: 8280: 8254: 8224: 8191: 8154: 8128: 8069: 8009: 7987: 7954: 7921: 7888: 7854: 7828: 7772: 7739: 7705: 7683: 7650: 7617: 7591: 7561: 7525: 7489: 7456: 7430: 7400: 7374: 7344: 7311: 7278: 7252: 7222: 7188: 7157: 7135: 7102: 7068: 7046: 7012: 6982: 6956: 6871: 6849: 6815: 6793: 6744: 6713: 6683: 6649: 6619: 6593: 6562: 6540: 6503: 6481: 6444: 6422: 6388: 6358: 6324: 6302: 6269: 6243: 6213: 6188: 6107: 6073: 6051: 5991: 5960: 5904: 5878: 5848: 5822: 5774: 5715: 5682: 5630: 5571: 5537: 5504: 5447: 5416: 5345: 5267: 5234: 5153: 5122: 5100: 5023: 4989: 4967: 4934: 4901: 4859: 4850:"Patients Saved From Fire: Brave Conduct of Convicts on Blackwell's Island". 4810: 4735: 4668: 4375: 4333: 4239: 4164: 4130: 4108: 3874: 3767: 3561: 3497: 3431: 3322: 3279: 3238: 3102: 3047: 2991: 2915: 2746: 2684: 2675: 2658: 2521: 2407: 2387: 2341: 2181: 1966: 1858: 1721: 1684: 1651: 1578: 1577:

residential tower has 350 apartments and was intended as the world's largest

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reviewer called it "purposefully schematic and architecturally nonspecific".

1254: 1218: 1209:

was hired to design a visitor center in the 1990s, but this was never built.

1064: 895: 873: 526: 297: 214: 122: 109: 21187: 20886: 20855: 20847: 18769:"Citi Bike Stations Arrive on Roosevelt Island Just in Time for Summer 2020" 12946:

Sullivan, Ann C. (December 1995). "Calatrava's American works in progress".

12201:"U. D. C. Backs $ 162 Million Housing Development Plan for Roosevelt Island" 10051: 7478:"Mayor Clarifies Views; Welfare Island Buildings Not Filthy Inside, He Says" 1221:

proposed having the city take over the island in 1999, and state legislator

1005:

station on Welfare Island was announced in February 1965 as part of the new

24658: 23276: 23039: 22491: 22485: 22393: 22367: 22226: 22211: 21948: 21923: 21559: 21450: 21317: 21230: 21100: 20902: 20894: 20522: 20320:. United Nations Archives and Records Management Section. November 10, 2000 19866:""When I'm Bad, I'm Better": Mae West's Sensational Life, in Her Own Words" 17804: 16799:"Exclusive: Last public hospital on NYC's Roosevelt Island could be closed" 15132: 15072:"Roosevelt Island Can Be 'Mini-Chelsea' With New Art Gallery, Founder Says" 9189:"A New Life For the River That Isn't a River; The River That Isn't (Cont.)" 5113:"Grout Opposes Cantor: Controversy Over the Blackwell's Island Park Bill". 3995: 2734: 2722: 2645: 2503: 2439: 2399: 2337: 1977: 1573: 1275: 1222: 924: 913: 557: 481: 458: 377: 18686:"Roosevelt Island Bridge bike lane now covered for a safer, smoother ride" 17573:"Fields | Roosevelt Island Operating Corporation of the State of New York" 14496:"A new monument honoring journalist Nellie Bly is now on Roosevelt Island" 14148:"Former Goldwater Hospital Patients Arrive at $ 285M East Harlem Facility" 11388:"4 Architects Win U.D.C. Competition For Housing Designs for Roosevelt I." 10993: 8361:"Palsy Unit to Open; 84-Bed Center in Operation Tuesday at Welfare Island" 5144:"Consumptive Home Plan: Commissioner Folks Would Use Blackwell's Island". 5037:"Cantor Defends His Action in Matter of Proposed Blackwells Island Change" 1337:. One of every three Roosevelt Island residents was foreign-born by 2000. 23566: 23160: 22528: 22457: 22333: 22323: 22308: 22271: 21834: 20063: 19014:"Electric Bus Tries Out in Manhattan; May Be Used in Planned Community". 18537: 18437: 17799: 17797: 16051: 16049: 16047: 11676:"Aerial Tram Ride to Roosevelt Island Is Opened With a Splash-on O'Dwyer" 2740: 2633: 2604: 2426: 2331: 2325: 2035: 1828: 1725: 1500: 1060: 864: 556:

The Lenape may have visited the island. Archeological studies have found

504: 473: 412:

at its southern end. In addition to Cornell Tech, the island contains an

317: 22685: 20724:

Damnation Island: Poor, Sick, Mad, and Criminal in 19th-Century New York

20442: 19517: 19149:. The Urban Book Series. Springer International Publishing. p. 64. 15844:"Cornell Tech's Roosevelt Island campus readies for its September debut" 15768:"Exclusive: Related, Hudson ink $ 63M refi for Roosevelt Island complex" 15115:"The Roosevelt Island Historical Society Is Rich With Archival Material" 1569:

regarded Southtown as lacking the "coherent streetscapes" of Northtown.

641:, on the island. Blackwell's Island was not a major battleground in the 24607: 24602: 23884: 23212: 22567: 22515: 21752: 21703: 21632: 20139:

No, I grew up in the city, but I grew up on Roosevelt Island, actually.

19485: 18136:"See inside the stunning new public library coming to Roosevelt Island" 14099:"Hospital patients forced out as Roosevelt Island tech campus moves in" 14056:

Christensen, Ken M. (June 18, 2012). "New York's Silicon Subway line".

11845:"First Anniversary of Tramway Finds Real Community on Roosevelt Island" 2750: 2600: 2588: 2568: 2531: 2478: 2459: 2429: 1846: 1704: 1330: 1287: 1229:

indicated that it would build a tower in Southtown to house its staff.

1127: 872:

mid-1910s, and some prisoners were sent off the island to other jails.

868: 489: 464:

The island is one of the southernmost locations in New York City where

429: 301: 94: 61:('Hog Island') / Manning's Island / Blackwell's Island / Welfare Island 19575:. Cambridge ; New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 126. 19539:"Sent to the Island.; Ann O'Delia and Her Consort Get Six Months Each" 19178:"Ferry Depot Doomed; Razing of Welfare island Terminal Due in 2 Weeks" 18796:"V Train Begins Service Today, Giving Queens Commuters Another Option" 18360: 17794: 16857: 16436:"Claims of 'chaos,' corruption engulf Roosevelt Island governing body" 16044: 14563:"New 28-Story Roosevelt Island Tower To Complete Decades-Long Project" 13606:

Fung, Amanda (May 23, 2011). "Life's a new deal on Roosevelt Island".

12973:"The Delacorte Fountain was here, The Calatrava Artpiece was not here" 12514:

Grant, Peter (May 15, 1989). "Unshackled, Starrett Raises New Hopes".

11634:"Metropolitan Baedeker; Getting to Know A Quirky Island Off Manhattan" 10100: 10098: 10096: 10094: 9974:

Von Eckardt, Wolf (October 26, 1969). "A New Town on Welfare Island".

2583:

United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women

1811:

judge subsequently ruled that the closure was illegal. In 2019, mayor

1544:, which is centered around a remaining portion of the Lunatic Asylum. 24480: 24169: 24157: 23222: 23192: 23029: 22597: 22276: 22071: 21827: 21242: 21019: 19501: 18990:"20 Seat, Battery-Run Minibuses Studied for Welfare Island Community" 17723: 16066: 16064: 13069:"An Island With a History of Change Awaits Its Latest Transformation" 8393:"Fire College Seen Ready At End of '58: Cavanagh Sees Money Saving". 2628: 2622: 2473: 2403: 2381: 2290: 2185: 2115: 1676: 1434: 820: 719: 708: 674: 476:, can be seen above ground. The gneiss outcropping was surrounded by 454: 433: 405: 400: 387:. The island is accessible by numerous modes of transport, including 309: 226: 20779:(Report). Louis Berger & Associates Inc. April 1998 – via 19938:"How Nellie Bly went undercover to expose abuse of the mentally ill" 19111:"Save Your Change: This Ride on New York's Roosevelt Island is Free" 17105:"Metro Briefing | New York: Brooklyn: Judge Rules On Firehouse" 16004:

New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation

15919:"Construction begins on Snøhetta-designed hotel on Roosevelt Island" 14268:"High Tech and High Design, Cornell's Roosevelt Island Campus Opens" 13231: 12774:"Neighborhood Report;Roosevelt Islanders Fear Pataki Will Pull Plug" 10267:

Anekwe, Simon (November 13, 1982). "Workers oppose parking limits".

8685:

Ross, Don (May 17, 1961). "Welfare Island Plan Would House 70,000".

7943:"City Hospital for Cancer Dedicated And Merged With Memorial Center" 4011: 4009: 4007: 4005: 848:

set up a short-lived pathology institute on the island in 1907. The

753:

Blackwell Island (now Roosevelt Island) from the East River, c. 1862

488:

has been added to Roosevelt Island to increase its area. An ancient

461:

238, which has a land area of 0.279 sq mi (0.72 km).

24163: 22825: 20979: 20742:

Kearns, Betsy; Kirkorian, Cece; Schaefer, Richard (July 31, 1989).

20486:

Al Lewis was also known as the unofficial mayor of Roosevelt Island

20330:

Ms. Wendy Fitzwilliam 40 River Road #16J Roosevelt Island, NY 10044

17303:"Section O: Environmental Conservation and Recreation, Table O-9". 14179:"Cornell Tech campus construction on pace for 2017 phase 1 opening" 10091: 6584:"Cancer Institute Begun: City Lays Cornerstone on Welfare Island". 2803:. In addition, different sources give slightly different spellings. 2469: 2448: 1728:

under the East River's eastern channel in the 2000s as part of the

1672: 496:, runs within the East River between Roosevelt Island and Queens. 312:. It lies between Manhattan Island to the west, and the borough of 20772: 20090: 19390:

A Pickpocket's Tale: The Underworld of Nineteenth-Century New York

18714: 17508:"Metro Matters; Good Intentions On Quirky Geyser Go Slightly Awry" 16061: 11946:"Roosevelt I. Developer to Enlarge Project by 1,000 Housing Units" 6934: 4529: 3736: 3626: 3154: 2034:

community. The Church of the Good Samaritan was developed for the

1433:

There have been community traditions on Roosevelt Island, such as

577:

in the 17th century. According to several sources, Dutch Governor

24732: 21436: 20623:

Airbnb to ensure that this is settled in a fair and just manner.'

19968:. Central European Studies. Purdue University Press. p. 40. 18715:"Roosevelt Island Operating Corporation of the State of New York" 17598:"Roosevelt Island Operating Corporation of the State of New York" 17572: 15867:"World's Tallest Passive House Breaks Ground on Roosevelt Island" 15518: 15516: 14923:

Keefe, John; Wolfe, Daniel; Hernandez, Sergio (August 14, 2021).

13316:

Eckhouse, Brian (June 26, 2002). "Homes Grow on Roosevelt Isle".

13285: 13283: 11432: 11430: 8024: 6523: 6521: 4623:

The History of American Homeopathy: The Academic Years, 1820-1935

4002: 3169:"Guide to Roosevelt Island, NYC, including parks and attractions" 2679: 2271: 469: 23938: 20794:(Report). John Milner Associates Inc. November 2007 – via 20394:

because I want to go down in history like Christopher Columbus.'

20311:"Thank You Letters of Secretary-General to Goodwill Ambassadors" 19045: 18618: 18616: 18220: 18218: 17829: 17827: 17685: 17683: 15631: 15629: 15627: 14349:"Economic, Racial & Religious Diversity on Roosevelt Island" 12806: 12804: 12802: 12096: 12094: 11019: 11017: 11015: 8213:"Metropolitan Hospital Dedicated On New Site in Upper Manhattan" 7508: 7506: 6464: 6462: 2466:-related charges; had a private room and secretary on the island 1877:

There are four outdoor recreational fields on Roosevelt Island:

645:, though British troops tried to take the island after the 1776 24175: 21855: 21408: 21289: 20679: 20274:"First Openly Gay Judge Confirmed for New York's Highest Court" 19088: