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601:. Occasionally it is necessary to gently drip fluid in and out of the bladder for a period, as there is often some bleeding following the procedure. The majority of patients do not have major side effects following cystolithotomy, but it may be followed by a minor burning sensation and light bleeding. More serious side effects include bladder infection, a prolonged need of catheter use, and infection in the surgical incision. Rare side effects may include delayed bleeding requiring removal of clots or further surgery, injury to the urethra causing
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Cystolithotomy is a surgical procedure for the removal of bladder stones in the case that one has been deemed too large to pass naturally, such as developed jackstone calculi. This may require open surgery to remove the stone, however robotic cystolithotomy allows for a minimally invasive approach to
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and may require admission to a hospital. Complications of this treatment include infection and damage to the bladder. Some stones are too large even for cystoscopic treatment and may require open cystotomy, in which an incision is made in the bladder and the stones are removed manually. For children
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Prevention in newborn children, especially in the first three months of life when most stones begin, is critical. Studies show that feeding newborn infants milk (mother's, cow or goat) with no substitutes or supplements until at least the third month has proven successful in preventing most stones.
512:. They are typically light brown with dark patches and are usually formed in the urinary bladder and rarely in the upper urinary tract. Their appearance on plain radiographs and computed tomography in human patients is usually easily recognizable. Jackstones often must be removed via
323:, which irritates the bladder, resulting in stone formation. Finally, a kidney stone may travel down the ureter into the bladder and become a bladder stone. There is some evidence indicating that chronic irritation of the bladder by retained stones may increase the chance of
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agent which is passed into the urinary system. X-ray images are then obtained every few minutes to determine if there is any obstruction to the contrast as it is excreted into the bladder. Today, intravenous pyelogram has been replaced at many health centers by
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wrote that
Lithotomos developed instruments to break up and extract bladder stones. Celsus gave the first description of lithotomy as performed before and during his time, and the operation has ever since borne his name—the Celsian method.
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becomes too concentrated or when the body becomes dehydrated. Minerals such as calcium and magnesium crystallize into the stones, which then can cause such symptoms as lower back or abdominal pain or difficulty with urination. The use of
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Bladder stones are small mineral deposits that can form in the bladder. In most cases bladder stones develop when the urine becomes very concentrated or when one is dehydrated. This allows for minerals, such as calcium or magnesium
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presses on the urethra and makes it difficult to pass urine. Over time, stagnant urine collects in the bladder and minerals like calcium start to precipitate. Other individuals who develop bladder stones include those who have had
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Bladder stones vary in their size, shape and texture- some are small, hard and smooth whereas others are huge, spiked and very soft. One can have one or multiple stones. Bladder stones are somewhat more common in men who have
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Increasing fluid intake can facilitate the passage of small bladder stones. However, larger stones may require other methods of treatment. Fragmentation of bladder stones can be achieved by use of a
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remove the stone through much smaller incisions than the traditional approach. Most bladder stones can be dealt with by an endoscopic procedure, to avoid the need for a surgical incision.
273:. However, when symptoms do occur, these may include severe lower abdominal and back pain, difficult urination, frequent urination at night, fever, painful urination and
265:, to crystallize and form stones. Bladder stones vary in number, size and consistency. In some cases bladder stones do not cause any symptoms and are discovered as an
277:. The majority of individuals who are symptomatic will complain of pain which comes in waves. The pain may also be associated with nausea, vomiting and chills.
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should seek treatment, however, urinating in a sitting position appears to improve bladder emptying which might decrease the risk of bladder stones forming.
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to examine the bladder, then an incision is made in the lower abdomen. Once the stone is removed, the bladder is repaired with an absorbable stitch, and a
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formation, fever and more serious infection requiring a longer hospital stay, and delayed healing of the bladder, which may require a further procedure.
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with urinary stones, the evidence supporting treatment options is very weak and high quality trials are necessary to help guide clinical management.
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indicate orange juice is more effective at preventing stone formation than other citrus juices. Men who have difficulty with urination due to
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may cause a bladder stone. Individuals who are paralyzed or are unable to adequately pass urine may require the use of small plastic tubes (
343:, has been implicated in the development of vesical calculi. However, evidence accumulated thus far has not supported this hypothesis.
294:, paralysis, or some type of nerve damage. When nerves to the back are damaged, the bladder cannot empty, resulting in stagnant urine.
1145:"Urinating Standing versus Sitting: Position Is of Influence in Men with Prostate Enlargement. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"
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to cause fragmentation of the stones into small pieces, which are then flushed out of the bladder. This procedure requires
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Barreto, Lenka; Jung, Jae Hung; Abdelrahim, Ameera; Ahmed, Munir; Dawkins, Guy P. C.; Kazmierski, Marcin (2019-10-09).
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508:. They are almost always composed of calcium oxalate dihydrate and consist of a dense central core and radiating
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TG-FTIR coupled analysis applied to the studies in urolithiasis: characterization of human renal calculi
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Lukács, T; Frang D; El-Seaghy AA; Pajor L (1989). "Multiple urolithiasis in bilharziasis patients".
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Ibrahim, A (1978). "The relationship between urinary bilharziasis and urolithiasis in the Sudan".
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788:. Vol. IV: Diseases of the Bladder. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company. pp. 185–6
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391:. CT scans are more sensitive and can identify very small stones not seen by other tests.
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can also be used to assess the presence of kidney stones. This test involves injecting a
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de Jong, Y; Pinckaers, JH; Ten Brinck, RM; Lycklama À Nijeholt, AA; Dekkers, OM (2014).
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Kambal, A (1981). "The
Relation of Urinary Bilharziasis to Vesical Stones in Children".
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The best way to prevent bladder stones is to drink plenty of liquids. Juices containing
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This article is about bladder stone in humans. For bladder stone in other animals, see
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30:"Urinary stone" redirects here. For stones which form in the upper urinary tract, see
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Jackstone calculi are rare bladder stones that have an appearance resembling toy
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Large jackstone in the bladder of a 60-year-old man. Stone was removed by open
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378:(inserting a small thin camera into the urethra and viewing the bladder). The
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are thought to reduce the risk of stone formation. A study published in the
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Bladder stones may occur whenever the kidneys, bladder, or ureters become
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Diseases of the kidneys and bladder: a text-book for students of medicine
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Lithiasis (stone formation) in the bladder is called cystolithiasis (
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A translation of the eight books of Aul. Corn. Celsus on medicine
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319:) placed into the bladder. The use of these tubes may lead to an
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S. Materazzi, R. Curini, G. D'Ascenzo, and A. D. Magri (1995),
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Bladder Stones
Overview: University of Maryland Medical Center
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Urinary stones may be composed of the following substances:
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Diseases of the urinary apparatus: phlegmasic affections
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256:(removal of the prostate via an incision in the bladder)
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stones (14 mm diameter) incidentally found in a bladder
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Singh, KamalJeet; Goyal, Adarsh; Tiwari, Anuj (2011).
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Clinical
Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
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403:A star-shaped Jackstone urolith can be seen in the
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1339:"Cystolithotomy (Open Removal of Bladder Stones)"
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782:"Chapter VII: Vesical Calculi (Cysto-lithiasis)"
839:"Some Surgical Aspects of Urinary Bilharziasis"
645:(stone-cutter) of Alexandria, Egypt. The term "
1050:"Jackstone: A rare entity of vesical calculus"
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27:Concretion of material in the urinary bladder
843:Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine
1287:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1257:Bladder Stones: NY Times Health Information
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581:An open cystolithotomy is performed under
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1038:. Termochimica Acta, volume 264, 75--93.
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552:which is inserted into the bladder. The
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362:The diagnosis of bladder stone includes
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57:This article includes a list of general
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134:A bladder stone removed from a patient.
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1736:Urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome
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1392:Gouley, John William Severin (1892).
1345:. Nick Brook Urologist Adelaide. 2013
597:is inserted into the bladder via the
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1398:. D. Appleton and Company. pp.
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896:International Urology and Nephrology
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1108:"Orange Juice Fights Kidney Stones"
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994:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1981.tb03185.x
951:10.1111/j.1464-410X.1978.tb03634.x
63:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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1202:Halstead, Scott B. (April 2016).
1023:Bladder Stones: eMedicine Urology
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1370:. Simpkin and Marshal. pp.
1364:Celsus, Aulus Cornelius (1831).
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806:Bladder Stones General Overview
589:procedure. The first step is a
186:Overconcentration of minerals,
1660:Neurogenic bladder dysfunction
1299:10.1002/14651858.CD010784.pub3
556:visualizes the stone and uses
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1665:Bladder sphincter dyssynergia
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1170:10.1371/journal.pone.0101320
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450:Ammonium magnesium phosphate
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423:Calcium oxalate monohydrate
306:, which may occur when the
120:vesical calculus, cystolith
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1271:, Retrieved on 2010-01-19.
1259:, Retrieved on 2010-01-19.
1133:, Retrieved on 2010-01-19.
1131:Bladder Stones: Prevention
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982:British Journal of Urology
939:British Journal of Urology
855:10.1177/003591574503900105
827:, Retrieved on 2010-01-19.
815:, Retrieved on 2010-01-19.
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1054:Indian Journal of Urology
825:Bladder Stones Prevention
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197:Drinking plenty of fluids
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1751:Retroperitoneal fibrosis
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456:Calcium hydroxyphosphate
1746:Urinary tract infection
1246:– via pubmed.gov.
1067:10.4103/0970-1591.91449
340:Schistosoma haematobium
78:more precise citations.
1343:Nicholas Brook Urology
763:Bladder stone (animal)
651:Aulus Cornelius Celsus
639:Lithoclastic cystotomy
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464:and its salts (urates)
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1783:Urinary incontinence
1741:Obstructive uropathy
1653:Hemorrhagic cystitis
751:Kidney stone disease
534:prostate enlargement
283:prostate enlargement
252:during transvesical
32:Kidney stone disease
1161:2014PLoSO...9j1320D
780:McNutt, WF (1893).
643:Ammonius Lithotomos
440:Magnesium phosphate
165:Pain when urinating
1710:Urethral stricture
1615:Ureteric stricture
1515:External resources
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811:2019-04-08 at the
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500:Jackstone calculus
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1112:www.webmd.com
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723:
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633:Nicolaes Tulp
630:
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255:
254:prostatectomy
251:
247:
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229:found in the
228:
224:
223:bladder stone
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172:Complications
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112:Bladder stone
110:
98:
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84:December 2022
77:
73:
67:
66:
60:
55:
46:
45:
40:
33:
19:
1778:Malakoplakia
1766:Kidney stone
1760:
1756:Urolithiasis
1533:
1522:
1498:
1487:
1456:
1437:
1404:. Retrieved
1394:
1387:
1376:. Retrieved
1366:
1359:
1347:. Retrieved
1342:
1333:
1290:
1286:
1276:
1264:
1252:
1211:
1208:Urolithiasis
1207:
1197:
1152:
1148:
1138:
1126:
1115:. Retrieved
1111:
1102:
1060:(4): 543–4.
1057:
1053:
1043:
1035:
1030:
1018:
985:
981:
975:
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938:
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895:
889:
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846:
842:
832:
820:
801:
790:. Retrieved
785:
775:
746:Ureter stone
736:(disorder).
731:
725:
719:
661:
638:
637:
626:
617:Portrait of
580:
576:
547:
538:
529:
523:
503:
431:(weddellite)
425:(whewellite)
417:
361:
338:
301:
285:. The large
279:
259:
250:diverticulum
222:
220:
90:
81:
62:
1771:Renal colic
1605:Ureterocele
1524:MedlinePlus
619:Jan de Doot
487:Sulfonamide
481:Urostealith
269:on a plain
188:dehydration
117:Other names
76:introducing
1693:Urethritis
1648:Trigonitis
1610:Megaureter
1600:Ureteritis
1500:DiseasesDB
1406:2011-06-04
1378:2011-06-04
1117:2011-04-26
988:(4): 315.
792:2011-06-04
768:References
730:(stone) +
591:cystoscopy
566:anesthesia
550:cystoscope
544:Management
520:Prevention
452:(struvite)
409:radiograph
376:cystoscopy
364:urinalysis
327:. Urinary
271:radiograph
194:Prevention
59:references
1535:eMedicine
1307:1469-493X
1228:2194-7236
1076:0970-1591
1002:0007-1331
959:0007-1331
863:0035-9157
658:Etymology
647:lithotomy
587:inpatient
554:urologist
462:Uric acid
458:(apatite)
347:Diagnosis
336:trematode
321:infection
317:catheters
215:, surgery
202:Treatment
140:Specialty
1815:Category
1798:Overflow
1633:Cystitis
1540:ped/2371
1349:17 April
1325:31596944
1244:24890381
1236:26559057
1189:25051345
1149:PLOS ONE
1094:22279326
924:35057871
881:19993192
809:Archived
740:See also
718:), from
595:catheter
510:spicules
473:Xanthine
407:on this
389:CT scans
333:digenean
304:inflamed
287:prostate
177:Cystitis
160:Symptoms
1729:Any/all
1685:Urethra
1625:Bladder
1494:D001744
1316:6785002
1180:4106761
1157:Bibcode
1085:3263228
1010:7260543
916:2807777
872:2181785
609:History
599:urethra
526:citrate
468:Cystine
411:of the
246:Bladder
213:vinegar
145:Urology
72:improve
1788:Stress
1592:Ureter
1529:001275
1323:
1313:
1305:
1242:
1234:
1226:
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1177:
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1008:
1000:
967:753482
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914:
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869:
861:
733:-iasis
721:cysto-
585:as an
489:(rare)
483:(rare)
413:pelvis
372:x rays
298:Causes
206:Citrus
183:Causes
147:
61:, but
1505:31859
1483:594.9
1479:594.8
1475:594.2
1471:594.1
1467:594.0
1452:N21.9
1448:N21.0
1240:S2CID
920:S2CID
727:-lith
621:, by
506:jacks
308:urine
263:salts
227:stone
225:is a
209:juice
1793:Urge
1489:MeSH
1462:9-CM
1351:2014
1321:PMID
1303:ISSN
1291:2019
1232:PMID
1224:ISSN
1185:PMID
1090:PMID
1072:ISSN
1006:PMID
998:ISSN
963:PMID
955:ISSN
912:PMID
877:PMID
859:ISSN
603:scar
1458:ICD
1439:ICD
1372:311
1311:PMC
1295:doi
1216:doi
1175:PMC
1165:doi
1080:PMC
1062:doi
990:doi
947:doi
904:doi
867:PMC
851:doi
631:by
560:or
374:or
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