37:
420:
431:
used this address in letters to
Raymond. It was also Raymond who militarised the order. According to descriptions of the operations of hospital from the second half of the 12th century, the men's hospital was divided into eleven wards and could tend to more than 1,000 patients. The hospital admitted
460:
Here lies Gerard, the humblest man in the East, the slave (servus) of the poor, hospitable to strangers, meek of countenance but with a noble heart. One can see in these walls how good he was. He was provident and active. Exerting himself in all sorts of ways, he stretched forth his arms into many
443:
Legends about the life of Gerard are recorded in the 13th century, especially addressing his fate during the siege of
Jerusalem. According to these accounts, Gerard would hide bread within the folds of his cloak to feed the hungry Crusaders outside the city walls. When the Muslim rulers discovered
447:
The veneration of Gerard focussed on his humility and faith to such an extent as to eclipse the capabilities as a leader and organiser he clearly possessed. Favoured by historical circumstances, Gerard took advantage of his position as lay administrator of a monastery hospital to found the first
799:
John of
Wurzburg in the early 1160s reports that 2,000 sick were treated during his visit, while another visotor mentions that he saw 1,000 beds. Kedar (1998) thinks that the regular capacity was 1,000, while in emergencies the brothers would give up their dormitories and sleep on the floor to
465:
After his death, the
Hospitallers tried to preserve Gerard's body and it was kept in the monastery in Jerusalem and later moved to Acre after the fall of the city. When the situation in the Holy Land became precarious, his body was moved to the West. By 1283, his body was contained in a "very
444:
Gerard they miraculously only found stones within his cloak. According to other versions, the
Muslims believed that Gerard was hoarding money and not paying the proper taxes, and he was arrested and tortured, leaving him crippled for the rest of his life.
552:
292:(i.e., men who joined the order not as boys or youths but after spending part of their adult years leading a secular life) who came to the Holy Land to serve at the abbey of St. Mary of the Latins. Around 1080, the abbot put him in charge of the
311:
to prevent collusion with the
Western besiegers. Following the capture of the city by the Crusaders the Eastern Christians were gradually returned. Gerard remained behind with some fellow serving brothers to tend to the sick in the hospital.
395:
recognised the hospital as a new religious order. The brothers serving in the hospital were now known as the
Hospitallers of St John, and Gerard as the Rector of the Hospital. The Order adopted a rule that adopted components from the
385:, which was still its nominal parent organisation, and it may be that because of this, it was deemed appropriate to establish the hospital as a sovereign entity in its own right. This happened in 1113, when
350:
By 1113, the hospital was a wealthy and powerful organisation within the kingdom of
Jerusalem, and Gerard expanded its operations far beyond the limits of the city, establishing daughter hospitals at
573:
474:, in 1749 while the remainder of his relics were destroyed or scattered in the French Revolution. Relics attributed to Gerard continue to be preserved in Provençal churches, including the church of
1306:
404:. The order was now independent, subject only to the papacy (and no longer subject to the Patriarchate of Jerusalem), and free to elect Gerard's successor, and free to receive and own property.
347:, Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem, with the specification that one third of the gift was to go to the hospital. The patriarch unfortunately kept the gift for himself, contributing to his downfall.
210:
as Gerard's birthplace. This is not implausible, as merchants from Amalfi were involved in the reconstruction of the hospice in
Jerusalem in the 1020s after its destruction in 1005 under caliph
461:
lands to obtain what he needed to feed his own. On the seventeenth day of the passage of the sun under the sign of Virgo , he was carried into heaven by the hands of angels.
440:
on 25 November 1177 for treatment in
Jerusalem. The Hospitallers referred to their patients as "our lords, the sick" in a tradition that presumably originated with Gerard.
516:
448:
truly international religious order. Both his saintliness and his ability are expressed in a legend , recorded in an interpolation in a manuscript of the
1393:
1383:
183:
651:
834:
237:, "then", as a name of Gerard. De Haitze's mistake was identified in 1885 by Ferdinand de Hellwald. Before the erroneous nature of the surname
1226:
1061:
1398:
717:
1368:
269:
Little is known about Gerard's life. His nationality and place of birth is unknown, but many historians claim that he was born in
1330:
964:
1251:
1167:
1100:
894:
297:
182:, also known as the Knights Hospitaller, an organization that received papal recognition in 1113. As such, he was the first
407:
Gerard lived for another seven years. He died in his seventies on 3 September, between 1118 and 1121. He was succeeded by
1403:
1373:
1313:
1145:
1124:
1050:
1018:
999:
929:
436:
that would accompany the crusader armies on expeditions, which was able to evacuate 750 seriously wounded men from the
382:
1212:
1191:
1079:
950:
522:
1388:
598:
921:
Aux origines de l'ordre de Malte: de la fondation de l'HĂ´pital de JĂ©rusalem Ă sa transformation en ordre militaire
532:
36:
194:
Gerard Sasso became known as Pierre-GĂ©rard de Martigues due to a mistaken tradition of his place of birth being
758:"Founder of the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta", Order of Malta American Association
627:
Histoire de la vie et du culte du bienheureux GĂ©rard Tenque, fondateur de l'ordre de Saint-Jean de JĂ©rusalem
1378:
527:
757:
1183:
A History of the Crusades, Volume One: The First Crusade and the Foundation of the Kingdom of Jerusalem
1090:
942:
Jerusalem in the Time of the Crusades: Society, Landscape and Art in the Holy City Under Frankish Rule
960:
830:
391:
304:
242:
1292:
1204:
A History of the Crusades, Volume Two: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East, 1100-1187
432:
all sick, regardless of nationality or religion. The Hospitallers at this time also operated a
332:
328:
427:
The order continued to flourish under Raymond, who first used the title of Grand Master after
1358:
776:
211:
1137:
The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: Volume 3, The City of Jerusalem: A Corpus
327:, the first Latin ruler of Jerusalem, gave some property to the hospital, and his successor
1363:
1300:
1155:
437:
401:
320:
92:
323:, Gerard continued his work at the hospital, now under vastly more beneficent conditions.
8:
886:
453:
397:
324:
179:
1110:
975:
908:
495:
428:
375:
199:
127:
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1141:
1120:
1096:
1075:
1046:
1014:
995:
946:
925:
890:
801:
308:
167:
652:"At Scala the celebrations for the 900th anniversary of the death of Blessed Gerard"
478:, one of his possible birthplaces. Other relics belonging to Gerard can be found in
1067:
344:
307:
of 1099, much of the Christian population had been expelled from Jerusalem by the
1237:
1202:
1181:
1177:
1135:
1114:
1040:
1029:
989:
940:
919:
880:
739:
466:
precious silver gilt box with many precious stones" in the Hospitaller chapel in
386:
270:
207:
203:
75:
71:
1284:
1340:
1222:
985:
700:
698:
433:
408:
669:
1352:
1295:: Gérard dit « Tenque » et l'établissement de l'Ordre dans le Midi.
1243:
904:
487:
316:
233:, is due to an error by Pierre-Joseph de Haitze (1730), who mistook the word
175:
23:
1042:
Prier et combattre, Dictionnaire européen des ordres militaires au Moyen Âge
695:
860:
137:
42:
1071:
1314:
Essai d'armorial des Grands-Maîtres de l'Ordre de Saint Jean de Jérusalem
1031:
Essai d'armorial des grands maîtres de l'Ordre de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem
336:
163:
1279:
Blessed GĂ©rard and his "Everlasting Brotherhood": The Order of St. John
479:
475:
195:
88:
47:
Brother Gerard Tum, Founder of the Order of St John of Jerusalem 1099
470:, Provence. His skull was transferred to Monasterio Santa Ursula in
300:
in the 1060s in addition to the older hospice rebuilt in the 1020s.
727:
471:
467:
293:
258:
171:
116:
288:
He most likely was a Benedictine lay brother, possibly one of the
363:
359:
355:
1297:
Annales du Midi Année 1977 89-132 pp. 137–151.
804:, "A Twelfth-Century Description of the Jerusalem Hospital," in
419:
841:
503:
483:
378:, placed strategically along the pilgrim route to Jerusalem.
340:
282:
278:
274:
109:
1307:
Liste des grands maîtres de l'ordre de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem
609:
607:
253:, suggesting that he was a native of (or held possessions in)
1278:
966:
Inventaire des pièces de Terre-Sainte de l'ordre de l'Hôpital
553:
St John of Jerusalem, Knights of the Order of the Hospital of
254:
120:
781:
604:
499:
491:
371:
367:
351:
170:
who was appointed as rector of the hospice in Jerusalem at
811:
273:
around 1040, while tradition makes him a native of either
285:, was unknown in southern Italy in the mid-11th century.
1293:
Aux origines des hospitaliers de Saint-Jean de JĂ©rusalem
977:
Les Hospitaliers en Terre Sainte et Ă Chypre (1100-1310)
331:
granted it one-tenth of the spoils of a victory at the
720:" In Setton, Kenneth M.; Baldwin, Marshall W. (eds.).
296:
in Jerusalem, which had been built on the site of the
724:. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press. p. 338.
722:
A History of the Crusades: I. The First Hundred Years
632:
423:
A 17th-century painting of Gerard at a chapel in Rome
456:and as such of uncertain authenticity, as follows:
1160:
The Knights Hospitaller in the Levant, c. 1070-1309
969:. Revue de l'Orient Latin, Tome III. pp. 12 v.
913:. World's manuals. Oxford University Press, London.
973:
959:
808:, ed. Helen Nicholson (Aldershot, 1998), pp. 3–26.
733:
563:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 12–19.
991:Les Hospitaliers, De JĂ©rusalem Ă Rhodes 1050-1317
683:
1350:
773:The Maltese Cross: A Strategic History of Malta
861:"3. 1. The Grave and Relics of Blessed GĂ©rard"
517:Cartulaire général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers
1265:. The Crusades––An Encyclopedia, pp. 598–605.
1231:. Six Volumes. University of Wisconsin Press.
767:
765:
381:The hospital soon overshadowed the abbey of
1154:
817:
613:
174:in 1080. In the wake of the success of the
1394:Founders of Catholic religious communities
762:
748:, p. 82, Baldwin and Daimbert (1101).
206:, writing in the late 12th century, cites
1109:
1038:
704:
158:– 3 September 1120), known also as
1384:Grand masters of the Knights Hospitaller
1239:God's War: A New History of the Crusades
1200:
1176:
1008:
984:
917:
878:
806:The Military Orders: Welfare and Warfare
787:
745:
638:
418:
414:
1331:Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller
1235:
1133:
1063:The Routledge Companion to the Crusades
882:The Crusades: The War for the Holy Land
847:
184:Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller
1351:
1221:
1088:
903:
831:"The Monastery of St. Ursula in Malta"
718:The First Crusade: Antioch to Ascalon.
339:, Duke of Apulia, gave a gift of 1000
178:in 1099, he became the founder of the
1027:
574:Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem
1260:
1059:
1009:Flavigny, Bertrand Galimard (2006).
938:
689:
974:Delaville Le Roulx, Joseph (1904).
710:
298:Monastery of Saint John the Baptist
13:
775:Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006,
584:New York: Robert Appleton Company.
142:Day of Emergency Medicine (Poland)
16:Founder of the Knights Hospitaller
14:
1415:
1399:12th-century venerated Christians
1271:
551:Phillips, Walter Alison (1911). "
523:List of Knights Hospitaller sites
41:18th-century copper engraving by
837:from the original on 2021-02-13.
597:, s.v. "Gerard, surnommé Thom",
533:Flags of the Knights Hospitaller
241:became clear, Italian historian
35:
1369:Christians of the First Crusade
871:
853:
823:
793:
751:
1207:. Cambridge University Press.
1186:. Cambridge University Press.
1140:. Cambridge University Press.
662:
644:
619:
587:
566:
545:
1:
1236:Tyerman, Christopher (2006).
595:Grand dictionnaire historique
538:
319:and the establishment of the
180:Order of St John of Jerusalem
152:
63:
1092:The Crusades—An Encyclopedia
1039:Josserand, Philippe (2009).
1011:Histoire de l'ordre de Malte
528:Langue (Knights Hospitaller)
7:
1285:Blessed GĂ©rard/Fra' Gerardo
509:
10:
1420:
1404:12th-century French people
1374:Christians of the Crusades
961:Delaville Le Roulx, Joseph
716:Runciman, Steven (1969). "
707:, The Knights Hospitaller.
629:, Aix, Joseph David, 1730.
1337:
1328:
1322:
1261:Vann, Theresa M. (2006).
1228:A History of the Crusades
1201:Runciman, Steven (1952).
879:Asbridge, Thomas (2012).
850:, p. 205, Epigraphy.
625:Pierre-Joseph de Haitze,
572:Charles Moeller (1910). "
392:Pie Postulatio Voluntatis
315:After the success of the
279:Lower Burgundy (Provence)
243:Francesco Galeani Napione
136:
126:
115:Monastery of St. Ursula,
106:
98:
82:
59:
54:
34:
21:
1119:. Boydell & Brewer.
1089:Murray, Alan V. (2006).
939:Boas, Adrian J. (2009).
918:Beltjens, Alain (1995).
771:Dennis Angelo Castillo,
1389:French beatified people
1134:Pringle, Denys (2010).
1116:The Knights Hospitaller
734:Delaville Le Roulx 1904
557:Encyclopædia Britannica
486:, in the chapel of the
335:in 1101. Also in 1101,
264:
189:
1162:. Palgrave Macmillan.
1028:Harot, Eugène (1911).
463:
424:
383:St. Mary of the Latins
329:Baldwin I of Jerusalem
245:(d. 1830) Italianized
55:Rector of the Hospital
1263:Order of the Hospital
1156:Riley-Smith, Jonathan
1072:10.4324/9780203389638
994:. Tallandier, Paris.
578:Catholic Encyclopedia
458:
422:
415:Legacy and veneration
212:al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah
102:Roman Catholic Church
1281:(blessed-gerard.org)
1060:Lock, Peter (2006).
1034:. Collegio araldico.
887:Simon & Schuster
438:Battle of Montgisard
402:Rule of St Augustine
321:Kingdom of Jerusalem
294:Hospital of St. John
149:Blessed Gerard Sasso
93:Kingdom of Jerusalem
1379:Knights Hospitaller
1309:. French Knowledge.
1303:. French Knowledge.
1111:Nicholson, Helen J.
980:. E. Leroux, Paris.
800:increase capacity.
790:, pp. 192–193.
658:. 4 September 2020.
494:, in the church of
454:Fulcher of Chartres
398:Rule of St Benedict
325:Godfrey of Bouillon
217:An alleged surname
160:GĂ©rard de Martigues
1290:Daniel Le Blévec.
1277:GĂ©rard Lagleder,
1223:Setton, Kenneth M.
429:Roger II of Sicily
425:
305:Siege of Jerusalem
1347:
1346:
1338:Succeeded by
1253:978-0-674-02387-1
1169:978-0-230-29083-9
1102:978-1-57607-862-4
1045:. Fayard, Paris.
1013:. Perrin, Paris.
896:978-1-84983-688-3
802:Benjamin Z. Kedar
736:, pp. 39–43.
616:, pp. 32–43.
221:, variously also
168:Benedictine Order
146:
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99:Venerated in
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