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560:. As with the distinction between love (an intrinsic state) and monogamy (a behavior, i.e. instrumental), Moore's differentiation between intrinsic and instrumental value allowed the Bloomsburies to maintain an ethical high-ground based on intrinsic merit, independent of, and without reference to, the consequences of their actions. For Moore, intrinsic value depended on an indeterminable intuition of good and a concept of complex states of mind whose worth as a whole was not proportionate to the sum of its parts. For both Moore and Bloomsbury, the greatest ethic goods were "the importance of personal relationships and the private life", as well as aesthetic appreciation: "art for art's sake". 973:, which called Bloomsbury Ă©litist, corrupt and talentless, caused a stir" of its own. The most telling criticism, however, came perhaps from within the Group's own ranks, when on the eve of war Keynes gave a "nostalgic and disillusioned account of the pure sweet air of G. E. Moore, that belief in undisturbed individualism, that Utopianism based on a belief in human reasonableness and decency, that refusal to accept the idea of civilisation as 'a thin and precarious crust' ... Keynes's fond, elegiac repudiation of his "early beliefs", in the light of current affairs ("We completely misunderstood human nature, including our own")". 511: 271: 416: 569: 47: 911: 154: 2493: 2317: 2503: 2186: 681: 637: 711:: "the small world of Bloomsbury was later said by some on its outskirts to have been irretrievably shattered", though in fact its friendships "survived the upheavals and dislocations of war, in many ways were even strengthened by them". Most but not all of them were conscientious objectors. Politically, the members of Bloomsbury had liberal and socialist leanings. 243:
In 1905 Vanessa began the "Friday Club" and Thoby ran "Thursday Evenings", which became the basis for the Bloomsbury Group, which to some was really "Cambridge in London". Thoby's premature death in 1906 brought them more firmly together and they became what is now known as the "Old Bloomsbury" group
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These "Bloomsbury assumptions" are reflected in members' criticisms of materialistic realism in painting and fiction, influenced above all by Clive Bell's "concept of 'Significant Form', which separated and elevated the concept of form above content in works of art": it has been suggested that, with
613:, for example); but its "clubs and meetings were not activist, like the political organisations to which many of Bloomsbury's members also belonged", and they would be criticised for that by their 1930s successors, who by contrast were "heavily touched by the politics which Bloomsbury had rejected". 588:
and individual pleasure. E. M. Forster for example approved of "the decay of smartness and fashion as factors, and the growth of the idea of enjoyment", and asserted that "if I had to choose between betraying my country and betraying my friend, I hope I should have the guts to betray my country".
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or more complicated geometric figures, well then, one accepted that too". Yet at the same time, they shared a sophisticated, civilized, and highly articulated ideal of pleasure. As Virginia Woolf put it, their "triumph is in having worked out a view of life which was not by any means corrupt or
672:(1914), basing his aesthetics partly on Roger Fry's art criticism and G. E. Moore's moral philosophy; and as the war came he argued that "in these days of storm and darkness, it seemed right that at the shrine of civilization - in Bloomsbury, I mean - the lamp should be tended assiduously". 660:
exhibitions of 1910 and 1912 involved Bloomsbury in a second revolution following on the Cambridge philosophical one. This time the Bloomsbury painters were much involved and influenced. Fry and other Bloomsbury artists rejected the traditional distinction between fine and decorative art.
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became close friends of the Stephen sisters, Vanessa Bell and Virginia Woolf. Duncan Grant had affairs with siblings Vanessa Bell and Adrian Stephen, as well as David Garnett, Maynard Keynes, and James Strachey. Clive Bell married Vanessa in 1907, and Leonard Woolf returned from the
259:. They were "spiritually" similar to the Clapham group who supported its members' careers: "The Bloomsberries promoted one another's work and careers just as the original Claphamites did, as well as the intervening generations of their grandparents and parents." 1243:
Raymond Williams, “The Significance of ‘Bloomsbury’ as a Social and Cultural Group,” in Derek Crabtree & A. P. Thirlwall, Keynes and the Bloomsbury Group: The Fourth Keynes Seminar held at the University of Kent at Canterbury (Macmillan,
1002:, seeking to lift himself and his friends from obscurity. To Williams, the only two so-called "members" of any significance in their respective fields were Keynes and Virginia Woolf. Williams unfavourably compared the Bloomsbury Group to the 941:
In March 1920 Molly MacCarthy began the Memoir Club to help Desmond and herself write their memoirs; and also "for their friends to regroup after the war (with the proviso that they should always tell the truth)". It met until 1956 or 1964.
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Bloomsbury reacted against current upper class English social rituals, "the bourgeois habits ... the conventions of Victorian life" with their emphasis on public achievement, in favour of a more informal and private focus on
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extraordinary!'), the incredulous, weirdly emphasised Strachey voice". After World War I, as the members of the Group "began to be famous, the execration increased, and the caricature of an idle, snobbish and self-congratulatory
1628:"NEW STRACHEY BOOK DEPICTS UNKNOWNS; "Portraits in Miniature" Gives New Renown to Personalities Unfamiliar in History. ALSO WEIGHS HISTORIANS Macaulay's Lack of Emotion and Carlyle's Excess of Genius Are Remarked as Handicaps" 458:
Much about Bloomsbury appears to be controversial, including its membership and name: indeed, some would maintain that "the three words 'the Bloomsbury group' have been so much used as to have become almost unusable".
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The growing threats of the 1930s brought new criticism from younger writers of "what the last lot had done (Bloomsbury, Modernism, Eliot) in favour of what they thought of as urgent hard-hitting realism"; while
796:. Forster wrote no more novels but he became one of England's most influential essayists. Duncan Grant, and then Vanessa Bell, had single-artist exhibitions. Lytton Strachey wrote his biographies of two queens, 525:
The lives and works of the group members show an overlapping, interconnected similarity of ideas and attitudes that helped to keep the friends and relatives together, reflecting in large part the influence of
530:: "the essence of what Bloomsbury drew from Moore is contained in his statement that 'one's prime objects in life were love, the creation and enjoyment of aesthetic experience and the pursuit of knowledge'". 3408: 668:
The establishment's hostility to post-impressionism made Bloomsbury controversial, and controversial they have remained. Clive Bell polemicized post-impressionism in his widely read book
816:, thus fuelling animosities that saw Bloomsbury dominating the cultural scene. Roger Fry wrote and lectured widely on art; meanwhile, Clive Bell applied Bloomsbury values to his book 2162:
Victoria University Library has a number of special collections concerning the Bloomsbury Group. Chief among these is the Virginia Woolf Collection consisting of more than 3000 items
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was only reluctantly accepted into the group, and there were certainly "writers who were at some time close friends of Virginia Woolf, but who were distinctly not 'Bloomsbury':
843:, but with the coming of war again her mental instability recurred, and she drowned herself in 1941. In the previous decade she had become one of the century's most famous 546:
who were revolutionizing British philosophy at the start of the 20th century. Distinguishing between ends and means was a commonplace of ethics, but what made Moore's
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Bloomsbury members became known for distinctive garments; Woolf in particular was opposed to conventions surrounding formal attire, such as "dressing for dinner".
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which added to the arguments about Bloomsbury that continue to this day, and "brought him the triumph he had always longed for ... The book was a sensation".
959:, promoting its own brand of high culture began to take shape": as Forster self-mockingly put it, "In came the nice fat dividends, up rose the lofty thoughts". 984:
wrote about the Bloomsbury group: "rarely in the field of human endeavour has so much been written about so few who achieved so little". American philosopher
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sinister or merely intellectual; rather ascetic and austere indeed; which still holds, and keeps them dining together, and staying together, after 20 years".
863:(1936) made him one of the century's most influential economists. He died in 1946 after being much involved in monetary negotiations with the United States. 859: 247:
The Bloomsbury Group, mostly from upper middle-class professional families, formed part of "an intellectual aristocracy which could trace itself back to the
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who met in earnest beginning in 1912. In the 1920s and 1930s the group shifted when the original members died and the next generation had reached adulthood.
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The diversity yet collectivity of Later Bloomsbury's ideas and achievements can be summed up in a series of credos that were made in 1938, the year of the
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was a group of associated English writers, intellectuals, philosophers and artists in the early 20th century. Among the people involved in the group were
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In the darkening 1930s, Bloomsbury began to die: "Bloomsbury itself was hardly any longer a focus". A year after publishing a collection of brief lives,
1627: 137:, "although its members denied being a group in any formal sense, they were united by an abiding belief in the importance of the arts." The historian 3718: 262:
A historical feature of these friends and relations is that their close relationships all pre-dated their fame as writers, artists, and thinkers.
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claims of both left and right that "personal relations ... love and loyalty to an individual can run counter to the claims of the State".
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Though the war dispersed Old Bloomsbury, the individuals continued to develop their careers. E. M. Forster followed his successful novels with
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their "focus on form ...Bell's ideas have come to stand in for, perhaps too much so, the aesthetic principles of the Bloomsbury Group".
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was quoted in 1999 as saying "I don't like anything that sets itself up as an in-group or an elite, whether it is the Bloomsbury group or
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Close friends, brothers, sisters, and even sometimes partners of the friends were not necessarily members of Bloomsbury: Keynes's wife
145:, disputes the existence of the group and the extent of its impact, describing it as "curio" for those interested in Keynes and Woolf. 950:
Early complaints focused on a perceived cliquiness: "on personal mannerisms—the favourite phrases ('ex-quisitely civilized', and 'How
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to marry Virginia in 1912. Cambridge Apostle friendships brought into the group Desmond MacCarthy, his wife Molly, and E. M. Forster.
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There were stable marriages and varied and complicated affairs among the individual members. Lytton Strachey and his cousin and lover
851:". It was also in the 1930s that Desmond MacCarthy became perhaps the most widely read—and heard—literary critic with his columns in 2159: 2822: 831:(1931), Lytton Strachey died; shortly afterwards Carrington shot herself. Roger Fry died in 1934. Vanessa and Clive's eldest son, 592:
The Group "believed in pleasure ... They tried to get the maximum of pleasure out of their personal relations. If this meant
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Although popularly thought of as a formal group, it was a loose collective of friends and relatives closely associated with the
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which he could not publish because it treated homosexuality untragically. In 1915, Virginia Woolf brought out her first novel,
251:". It was an informal network of an influential group of artists, art critics, writers and an economist, many of whom lived in 782:
The 1920s were in a number of ways the blooming of Bloomsbury. Virginia Woolf was writing and publishing her most widely read
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Manuscripts and Woodcuts: Visions and Designs from Bloomsbury – Duke University Libraries Digital Collections
894:" with its choice of personal relations over patriotism: his quiet assertion in the face of the increasingly 3415: 3233: 2984: 2815: 2296: 2271: 699:. The shoes may also be from Omega and the cushion on the chair is covered with 'Maud' linen, also by Bell. 189: 620:
added to the controversial nature of Bloomsbury, as Virginia Woolf represented the group in the fictional
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pamphlet (he later supported the war), and E. M. Forster wrote an early version of his famous essay "
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Bloomsbury was also part of Fry's extension of post-impressionism into the decorative arts with his
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established Maynard as a Neo-Classical economist and political economist of international eminence.
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Rindert Kromhout, "Soldaten huilen niet" (Dutch Young Adult novel about the youth of Quentin 2010)
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as "later additions". Except for Forster, who published three novels before the highly successful
2808: 757: 122: 1763: 552:(1903) so important for the philosophical basis of Bloomsbury thought was Moore's conception of 270: 30:
This article is about the historic literary group. For the contemporary publishing company, see
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The Bloomsbury Group Collection at the Victoria University Library at the University of Toronto
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Influential group of associated English writers, intellectuals, philosophers and artists
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that shocked some of her fellow members, including Keynes who had enjoyed the gentler
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with three more novels, and a series of essays including the moving late memoir "
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Keynes From Below: A Social History of Second World War Keynesian Economics
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The Early Literary History of the Bloomsbury Group: Victorian Bloomsbury,
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Monk's House Photograph albums at Houghton Library, Harvard University:
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for the women, who at one point lived, worked or studied together near
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Through the Apostles they also encountered the analytic philosophers
486:'s best-selling author". Members cited in "other lists might include 316: 197: 134: 103: 99: 2517: 2316: 111: 107: 2800: 756:
The following year came J. M. Keynes's influential attack on the
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The Red and the Blue. Intelligence, Treason and the Universities
1585:"How Virginia Woolf and the Bloomsbury group unbuttoned Britain" 1111: 2185: 680: 1807:
Bénézit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators
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Old Bloomsbury's development was affected, along with much of
37:"Bloomsbury Set" redirects here. For the 1980s pop group, see 2196: 739: 636: 431: 2094:
The Bloomsbury Group: A Collection of Memoirs and Commentary
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The Bloomsbury Group: A Collection of Memoirs and Commentary
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Incest and Influence: The Private Life of Bourgeois England
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Radio Modernism: Literature, Ethics, and the BBC, 1922–1938
1902:, Bloomsbury Reader, Paperback and Digital, 15 May 2015, 742:. Then in 1918 Lytton Strachey published his critique of 438:, where Vanessa Bell and Duncan Grant moved in 1916, and 196:
and the Stephen brothers, were members of "the exclusive
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The New York Public Library Desk Reference – 3rd Edition
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saw Bloomsbury as the invention of an ageing and lonely
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and his broadcasts for the BBC. John Maynard Keynes's
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The Bloomsbury Group: Artists, Writers & Thinkers
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The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money
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The group met not only in their homes in Bloomsbury,
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The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money
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Virginia Woolf: Paper Darts: the Illustrated Letters
422:, where Vanessa Bell and Duncan Grant moved in 1916 1856:. Macmillan General Reference, 1998. p. 262. 1764:Who Needs Philosophy? A Profile of Martha Nussbaum 1653: 1651: 1649: 1742:(Coronet Books, Hodder and Stoughten, U.K. 1987) 1386: 1384: 1382: 450:, owned by Virginia and Leonard Woolf from 1919. 176:All male members of the Bloomsbury Group, except 3670: 1211: 1101:'s hand with 7 miscellaneous manuscript letters. 563: 2168:John Maynard Keynes: The Lives of a Mind (2016) 2121:The Cambridge Companion to the Bloomsbury Group 1887:. Cambridge University Press; 26 January 2006. 1646: 1337: 1335: 1082: 1080: 1935:. Harvard University Press; 28 February 2010. 1915:Virginia Woolf, Fashion and Literary Modernity 1900:Bloomsbury's Outsider: A Life of David Garnett 1753: 1379: 1349: 1347: 1325: 1323: 1258: 1256: 1254: 1252: 1250: 3444: 3241: 2816: 2533: 2212: 1533: 1531: 1372: 1370: 1368: 161:, Maria Nys (neither members of Bloomsbury), 2148:Lifestyle and Legacy of the Bloomsbury Group 1958:The Cambridge Guide to Literature in English 1884:The Cambridge Guide to Literature in English 1876:The Loving Friends: A Portrait of Bloomsbury 1790:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.; 1 January 2006. 1332: 1274: 1272: 1270: 1268: 1077: 886:to The Memoir Club. Clive Bell published an 90:. Their works and outlook deeply influenced 1977:Also published by Croom Helm, London; 1995 1344: 1320: 1247: 746:in the shape of four ironic biographies in 364:, in the 1960s, listed as "Old Bloomsbury" 319:, art critic and post-impressionist painter 3451: 3437: 3248: 3234: 2823: 2809: 2540: 2526: 2219: 2205: 1528: 1365: 1286: 1284: 1202: 2172:The Keynes Centre University College Cork 2044:, Philadelphia : Lippincott, c 1979 2011:Archive Journeys: Bloomsbury Group. Tate. 1834:Bloomsbury Press, 2009. pp. 56, 57. 1810:. Oxford University Press; 21 June 2012. 1265: 400:in 1910, the group were late developers. 1582: 1217: 679: 656:Roger Fry joined the group in 1910. His 635: 567: 533: 509: 414: 269: 152: 45: 3719:History of the London Borough of Camden 3255: 2992:A Haunted House and Other Short Stories 2059:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 1281: 726:; and in 1917 the Woolfs founded their 14: 3704:LGBTQ literature in the United Kingdom 3689:Cultural history of the United Kingdom 3671: 3272:The Economic Consequences of the Peace 1821:Blythe, Ronald. in David Daiches ed., 763:The Economic Consequences of the Peace 106:, as well as modern attitudes towards 3684:British artist groups and collectives 3432: 3229: 2804: 2521: 2200: 2074:March/April 2009, Volume 30, Number 2 1969:. University of Toronto Press; 1995. 976:In his book on the background of the 802:Elizabeth and Essex: A Tragic History 253:the West Central 1 district of London 2547: 2502: 2128:The Handbook to the Bloomsbury Group 2126:Derek Ryan and Stephen Ross (eds), 2069:"British Modernism's Many Manners ." 1918:. Edinburgh University Press; 2009. 1878:London: The Hogarth Press Ltd, 1974. 1239: 1237: 905: 605:Politically, Bloomsbury held mainly 141:, resurrecting an older argument by 1824:The Penguin Companion to Literature 1583:Williams, Holly (2 November 2023). 777: 628:works about the suffrage movement. 24: 2830: 2042:Bloomsbury : a house of lions 2022: 1950:London: Chatto & Windus, 1996. 25: 3730: 3458: 2178: 1234: 349:, essayist and non-fiction writer 58:(1883–1946) lived here from 1916. 3213:From the Diary of Virginia Woolf 2790:Bloomsbury Group in LGBT history 2737: 2501: 2492: 2491: 2315: 2184: 1408:Rosenbaum, pp. 208, 430–431, 437 1218:Coventry, C. J. (January 2023). 909: 835:, was killed in 1937 during the 293:The group had ten core members: 2785:List of Bloomsbury Group people 1778: 1732: 1723: 1714: 1705: 1696: 1687: 1678: 1669: 1660: 1620: 1611: 1602: 1576: 1567: 1558: 1549: 1540: 1519: 1510: 1507:Oxford University Press, p. 477 1501: 1492: 1483: 1474: 1465: 1456: 1447: 1438: 1429: 1420: 1411: 1402: 1393: 1356: 1311: 1302: 1228:Federation University Australia 1150: 1117: 1114:, A Bloomsbury Home and Garden. 1104: 691:, 1917, in a dress designed by 505: 284:List of Bloomsbury Group people 240:when they came down to London. 224:, and it was through Thoby and 3630:(1945 documentary film script) 2226: 2165:Chapter 3: Interactive E-Book 1293: 1182: 1173: 901: 786:, and E. M. Forster completed 675: 236:that the men met the women of 13: 1: 1963:Rosenbaum, Stanford Patrick. 1167: 792:, a highly regarded novel on 649: 564:Rejection of bourgeois habits 355:, fiction writer and essayist 265: 2985:The Duchess and the Jeweller 2297:St George the Martyr Holborn 2272:Kimpton Fitzroy London Hotel 1847:Bloomsbury: A House of Lions 1761:The New York Times Magazine. 1061:, who attacked the group in 945: 794:British imperialism in India 325:, post-impressionist painter 307:, post-impressionist painter 7: 3546:The Other Side of the Hedge 2049:"Bloomsbury's Final Secret" 1525:Tew and Murray, p. 122, 127 1013: 784:modernist novels and essays 600: 10: 3735: 3475:Where Angels Fear to Tread 3288:A Tract on Monetary Reform 3067:Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown 2448:Street names of Bloomsbury 2008:Bloomsbury Group Timeline. 1160:, which lasted until 1920. 1004:Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood 360:In addition to these ten, 288: 281: 148: 36: 29: 3645: 3618: 3584: 3525: 3466: 3402: 3386: 3322: 3280:A Treatise on Probability 3263: 3127: 3051: 3026: 3008: 2939: 2851: 2838: 2777: 2746: 2712: 2656: 2616: 2555: 2487: 2461: 2395: 2324: 2313: 2257:Church of Christ the King 2234: 2088:A Bloomsbury Group Reader 1290:Tate, Bloomsbury timeline 1054:Opposition to World War I 769: 453: 220:became good friends with 3608:Two Cheers for Democracy 3183:Adrian Stephen (brother) 3102:A Letter to a Young Poet 2999:The Widow and the Parrot 2014:Tew, P. and Murray, A.. 1869:Two Cheers for Democracy 1196:25 November 2010 at the 1089:Includes 12 woodcuts by 1070: 1008:Arts and Crafts movement 882:(1929). Keynes read his 813:The Nation and Athenaeum 192:). Most of them, except 54:, London. The economist 3178:Thoby Stephen (brother) 3168:Leslie Stephen (father) 3158:Leonard Woolf (husband) 2096:, revised edition, 1995 839:. Virginia Woolf wrote 758:Versailles Peace Treaty 204:'". At Trinity in 1899 133:, London. According to 123:University of Cambridge 3312:How to Pay for the War 3163:Julia Stephen (mother) 3042:Roger Fry: A Biography 2119:Victoria Rosner (ed), 2084:S. P. Rosenbaum (ed), 2016:The Modernist Handbook 1555:Rosenbaum, p. 112, 393 1093:and the manuscript of 829:Portraits in Miniature 730:, which would publish 700: 653: 631: 586:personal relationships 580: 522: 423: 279: 173: 59: 3541:The Celestial Omnibus 3173:Vanessa Bell (sister) 2684:Lady Ottoline Morrell 2428:Lamb's Conduit Street 2156:. Cornell University. 2142:Museums and libraries 1849:, Hogarth Press, 1979 1480:Quoted in Lee, p. 268 1044:LGBT social movements 683: 639: 571: 534:Philosophy and ethics 513: 418: 337:, literary journalist 273: 159:Lady Ottoline Morrell 156: 127:King's College London 49: 39:Bloomsbury Set (band) 32:Bloomsbury Publishing 3593:Aspects of the Novel 3116:A Sketch of the Past 2948:The Mark on the Wall 2902:Orlando: A Biography 2764:Charleston Farmhouse 2413:Great Russell Street 2193:at Wikimedia Commons 2135:Bloomsbury Portraits 2106:Edwardian Bloomsbury 1693:Spalding 1991, p. 13 849:A Sketch of the Past 609:stances (opposed to 436:Charleston Farmhouse 420:Charleston Farmhouse 410:Ceylon Civil Service 3627:A Diary for Timothy 3568:The Classical Annex 3483:The Longest Journey 3416:John Maynard Keynes 3336:Florence Ada Keynes 3330:John Neville Keynes 3296:A Treatise on Money 3257:John Maynard Keynes 3081:A Room of One's Own 2699:Vita Sackville-West 2643:Saxon Sydney-Turner 2588:John Maynard Keynes 2362:Mecklenburgh Square 2112:Georgian Bloomsbury 1769:23 May 2011 at the 1759:Boynton, Robert S. 1684:Rosenbaum, p. xxxii 1435:Forster, pp. 64, 96 1095:Elizabeth and Essex 879:A Room of One's Own 736:Katherine Mansfield 519:John Maynard Keynes 480:Vita Sackville-West 472:Katherine Mansfield 374:Saxon Sydney-Turner 329:John Maynard Keynes 214:Saxon Sydney-Turner 180:, were educated at 76:John Maynard Keynes 56:John Maynard Keynes 3553:The Eternal Moment 3507:A Passage to India 3491:A Room with a View 3035:Flush: A Biography 2969:The String Quartet 2624:Cambridge Apostles 2469:The Bedford Estate 2403:Cartwright Gardens 2347:Cartwright Gardens 2267:Goodenough College 2077:Christopher Reed, 2028:Books and articles 1632:The New York Times 921:. You can help by 789:A Passage to India 749:Eminent Victorians 701: 658:Post-Impressionist 654: 581: 558:instrumental value 523: 442:(now owned by the 424: 280: 174: 60: 50:46 Gordon Square, 3694:Culture in London 3666: 3665: 3658:Marianne Thornton 3534:The Machine Stops 3426: 3425: 3223: 3222: 2962:Monday or Tuesday 2895:To the Lighthouse 2798: 2797: 2754:33 Fitzroy Square 2747:Notable Addresses 2689:Frances Partridge 2657:Associated Others 2593:Desmond MacCarthy 2515: 2514: 2382:Torrington Square 2337:Bloomsbury Square 2325:Squares and parks 2307:UCL Main Building 2302:St Pancras Church 2189:Media related to 1996:Spalding, Frances 1975:978-0-8020-7640-3 1941:978-0-674-05414-1 1924:978-0-7486-3872-7 1908:978-1-4482-1545-4 1893:978-0-521-83179-6 1840:978-1-60819-023-2 1827:I. Penguin, 1971. 1816:978-0-19-992305-2 1802:BĂ©nĂ©zit, Emmanuel 1796:978-0-7546-5517-6 1738:Andrew Sinclair, 1720:Lee, pp. 612, 622 1489:Lee, pp. 263, 613 1399:Kuger, p. 231–232 1362:Knights, S., 2015 1299:Rosenbaum, p. 142 939: 938: 837:Spanish Civil War 616:The campaign for 556:as distinct from 335:Desmond MacCarthy 16:(Redirected from 3726: 3709:Literary circles 3679:Bloomsbury Group 3653:Bloomsbury Group 3561:The Life to Come 3453: 3446: 3439: 3430: 3429: 3414: 3394:Bloomsbury Group 3250: 3243: 3236: 3227: 3226: 3135:Bloomsbury Group 3109:Moments of Being 3088:The London Scene 2930:Between the Acts 2825: 2818: 2811: 2802: 2801: 2759:46 Gordon Square 2674:Angelica Garnett 2549:Bloomsbury Group 2542: 2535: 2528: 2519: 2518: 2505: 2504: 2495: 2494: 2479:Bloomsbury Group 2377:Tavistock Square 2342:Brunswick Square 2319: 2252:Brunswick Centre 2221: 2214: 2207: 2198: 2197: 2191:Bloomsbury Group 2188: 2079:Bloomsbury Rooms 1992:. Penguin, 1974. 1960:(Cambridge 1995) 1898:Knights, Sarah. 1871:. Penguin, 1965. 1867:Forster, E. 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618:women's suffrage 549:Principia Ethica 544:Bertrand Russell 488:Ottoline Morrell 313:, fiction writer 274:Blue plaque, 50 143:Raymond Williams 125:for the men and 64:Bloomsbury Group 21: 18:Bloomsbury group 3734: 3733: 3729: 3728: 3727: 3725: 3724: 3723: 3669: 3668: 3667: 3662: 3641: 3638:(1951 libretto) 3614: 3580: 3521: 3462: 3457: 3427: 3422: 3421: 3420: 3419: 3418: 3411: 3398: 3382: 3342:Geoffrey Keynes 3318: 3259: 3254: 3224: 3219: 3123: 3047: 3022: 3004: 2935: 2847: 2834: 2829: 2799: 2794: 2773: 2742: 2733:Omega Workshops 2708: 2694:Ralph Partridge 2669:Dora Carrington 2652: 2612: 2598:Lytton Strachey 2551: 2546: 2516: 2511: 2483: 2474:Bloomsbury Gang 2457: 2443:Southampton Row 2423:Gray's Inn Road 2418:Guilford Street 2391: 2320: 2311: 2230: 2225: 2181: 2133:Richard Shone, 2025: 2023:Further reading 1946:Lee, Hermione. 1912:Koppen, Randi. 1881:Head, Dominic. 1830:Clarke, Peter. 1781: 1776: 1771:Wayback Machine 1758: 1754: 1737: 1733: 1728: 1724: 1719: 1715: 1710: 1706: 1701: 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1993: 1986: 1961: 1951: 1948:Virginia Woolf 1944: 1927: 1910: 1896: 1879: 1872: 1865: 1852:Fargis, Paul. 1850: 1843: 1828: 1819: 1799: 1780: 1777: 1775: 1774: 1752: 1731: 1722: 1713: 1711:Forster, p. 65 1704: 1695: 1686: 1677: 1668: 1659: 1645: 1634:. 16 July 1931 1619: 1610: 1601: 1575: 1566: 1557: 1548: 1539: 1527: 1518: 1509: 1500: 1498:Koppen, p. 16. 1491: 1482: 1473: 1464: 1462:Forster, p. 76 1455: 1446: 1437: 1428: 1419: 1410: 1401: 1392: 1390:Gadd, p. 103-7 1378: 1364: 1355: 1343: 1341:Kuper, p. 241. 1331: 1319: 1310: 1301: 1292: 1280: 1264: 1246: 1233: 1226:(PhD thesis). 1210: 1201: 1181: 1179:Fargis, p. 262 1171: 1169: 1166: 1163: 1162: 1149: 1116: 1103: 1075: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1066: 1056: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1034:Generation Gap 1031: 1023: 1017: 1015: 1012: 947: 944: 937: 936: 916: 914: 903: 900: 892:What I Believe 798:Queen Victoria 779: 776: 771: 768: 723:The Voyage Out 677: 674: 633: 630: 602: 599: 577:Virginia Woolf 565: 562: 535: 532: 507: 504: 482:, who became 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Another is 464:Lydia Lopokova 455: 452: 444:National Trust 428:central London 357: 356: 353:Virginia Woolf 350: 344: 338: 332: 326: 320: 314: 308: 302: 295: 290: 287: 282:Main article: 267: 264: 226:Adrian Stephen 200:society, the ' 190:King's College 150: 147: 139:C. J. Coventry 72:Virginia Woolf 68:Bloomsbury Set 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3731: 3720: 3717: 3715: 3712: 3710: 3707: 3705: 3702: 3700: 3697: 3695: 3692: 3690: 3687: 3685: 3682: 3680: 3677: 3676: 3674: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3650: 3648: 3644: 3637: 3636: 3632: 3629: 3628: 3624: 3623: 3621: 3617: 3610: 3609: 3605: 3602: 3598: 3595: 3594: 3590: 3589: 3587: 3583: 3576: 3572: 3569: 3565: 3562: 3558: 3555: 3554: 3550: 3547: 3543: 3542: 3538: 3535: 3531: 3530: 3528: 3526:Short stories 3524: 3517: 3516: 3512: 3509: 3508: 3504: 3501: 3500: 3496: 3493: 3492: 3488: 3485: 3484: 3480: 3477: 3476: 3472: 3471: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3460:E. M. 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P.. 1987: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1967: 1962: 1959: 1955: 1952: 1949: 1945: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1933: 1929:Kuper, Adam. 1928: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1916: 1911: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1885: 1880: 1877: 1874:Gadd, David. 1873: 1870: 1866: 1863: 1862:0-02-862169-7 1859: 1855: 1851: 1848: 1844: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1826: 1825: 1820: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1808: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1788: 1784:Avery, Todd. 1783: 1782: 1772: 1768: 1765: 1762: 1756: 1749: 1748:0-340-41687-4 1745: 1741: 1735: 1726: 1717: 1708: 1699: 1690: 1681: 1672: 1663: 1654: 1652: 1650: 1633: 1629: 1623: 1614: 1605: 1590: 1586: 1579: 1570: 1561: 1552: 1543: 1534: 1532: 1522: 1513: 1504: 1495: 1486: 1477: 1468: 1459: 1450: 1441: 1432: 1423: 1414: 1405: 1396: 1387: 1385: 1383: 1373: 1371: 1369: 1359: 1353:Clarke, p. 56 1350: 1348: 1338: 1336: 1329:Avery, p. 33. 1326: 1324: 1314: 1305: 1296: 1287: 1285: 1275: 1273: 1271: 1269: 1262:Blythe, p. 54 1259: 1257: 1255: 1253: 1251: 1240: 1238: 1229: 1225: 1224: 1221: 1214: 1205: 1199: 1195: 1192: 1191: 1185: 1176: 1172: 1159: 1153: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1120: 1113: 1107: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1083: 1081: 1076: 1064: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1045: 1042: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1032: 1030: 1028: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1018: 1011: 1009: 1005: 1001: 1000:Leonard Woolf 997: 993: 991: 987: 983: 979: 974: 972: 971: 966: 965:Wyndham Lewis 960: 958: 957:rentier class 953: 943: 933: 924: 920: 917:This section 915: 912: 908: 907: 899: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 880: 875: 874: 873:Three Guineas 869: 864: 862: 861: 856: 855: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 825: 823: 819: 815: 814: 809: 808: 807:New Statesman 803: 799: 795: 791: 790: 785: 775: 767: 765: 764: 759: 754: 752: 750: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 728:Hogarth Press 725: 724: 719: 718: 712: 710: 706: 698: 694: 690: 686: 682: 673: 671: 666: 662: 659: 647: 643: 638: 629: 627: 626:Night and Day 623: 619: 614: 612: 608: 598: 595: 590: 587: 578: 575:and his wife 574: 573:Leonard Woolf 570: 561: 559: 555: 551: 550: 545: 541: 531: 529: 520: 516: 512: 503: 501: 500:Alix Strachey 497: 493: 489: 485: 484:Hogarth Press 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 460: 451: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 421: 417: 413: 411: 406: 401: 399: 395: 394:David Garnett 391: 390:Angelica Bell 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 370:Karin Stephen 367: 363: 362:Leonard Woolf 354: 351: 348: 347:Leonard Woolf 345: 342: 339: 336: 333: 330: 327: 324: 321: 318: 315: 312: 311:E. M. Forster 309: 306: 303: 300: 297: 296: 294: 285: 277: 276:Gordon Square 272: 263: 260: 258: 254: 250: 245: 241: 239: 235: 231: 227: 223: 222:Thoby Stephen 219: 215: 211: 210:Leonard Woolf 207: 203: 199: 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 172: 168: 164: 160: 155: 146: 144: 140: 136: 132: 128: 124: 119: 117: 113: 109: 105: 101: 97: 93: 89: 85: 81: 80:E. M. Forster 77: 73: 69: 65: 57: 53: 48: 44: 40: 33: 19: 3652: 3633: 3625: 3606: 3591: 3551: 3539: 3513: 3505: 3497: 3489: 3481: 3473: 3393: 3310: 3302: 3294: 3286: 3278: 3270: 3215:(song cycle) 3212: 3204: 3196: 3188: 3150: 3145:Monk's House 3134: 3107: 3093: 3086: 3079: 3074:On Being Ill 3072: 3065: 3040: 3033: 3015: 2990: 2960: 2928: 2921: 2914: 2900: 2893: 2881:Mrs Dalloway 2879: 2874:Jacob's Room 2872: 2865: 2858: 2843:Bibliography 2769:Monk's House 2720: 2664:Quentin Bell 2583:Duncan Grant 2568:Vanessa Bell 2556:Core Members 2548: 2478: 2453:Woburn Place 2433:Malet Street 2408:Gower Street 2367:Queen Square 2292:St. George's 2287:Senate House 2166: 2141: 2140: 2134: 2127: 2120: 2111: 2105: 2099: 2093: 2087: 2078: 2071: 2058: 2052: 2041: 2034: 2027: 2026: 2015: 2007: 1999: 1989: 1983:085664-285-1 1964: 1957: 1947: 1930: 1913: 1899: 1882: 1875: 1868: 1853: 1846: 1845:Edel, Leon. 1831: 1822: 1805: 1785: 1779:Bibliography 1760: 1755: 1739: 1734: 1725: 1716: 1707: 1698: 1689: 1680: 1671: 1662: 1636:. 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Retrieved 1588: 1578: 1573:Gadd, p. 124 1569: 1564:Gadd, p. 133 1560: 1551: 1542: 1521: 1516:Ousby, p. 71 1512: 1503: 1494: 1485: 1476: 1467: 1458: 1449: 1440: 1431: 1422: 1413: 1404: 1395: 1358: 1317:Kuper p. 224 1313: 1304: 1295: 1223: 1220: 1213: 1208:Ousby, p. 95 1204: 1188: 1184: 1175: 1152: 1119: 1106: 1094: 1063:The Georgiad 1062: 1059:Roy Campbell 1026: 1021:Arthur Waley 994: 975: 968: 961: 951: 949: 940: 927: 923:adding to it 918: 896:totalitarian 883: 877: 871: 865: 858: 852: 828: 826: 818:Civilization 817: 811: 805: 801: 797: 787: 781: 773: 761: 755: 747: 744:Victorianism 721: 715: 713: 702: 693:Vanessa Bell 685:Nina Hamnett 669: 667: 663: 655: 640:Portrait of 625: 621: 615: 607:left-liberal 604: 591: 582: 557: 553: 547: 537: 524: 515:Duncan Grant 506:Shared ideas 476:Hugh Walpole 461: 457: 440:Monk's House 425: 405:Duncan Grant 402: 397: 386:Quentin Bell 359: 343:, biographer 323:Duncan Grant 305:Vanessa Bell 301:, art critic 292: 261: 249:Clapham Sect 246: 242: 178:Duncan Grant 175: 171:Vanessa Bell 167:Duncan Grant 120: 84:Vanessa Bell 67: 63: 61: 43: 3699:English art 3499:Howards End 3366:Milo Keynes 3151:Dreadnought 3027:Biographies 2955:Kew Gardens 2738:Memoir Club 2721:Dreadnought 2628:G. E. Moore 2072:Humanities, 2055:14 Mar 2005 2047:Paul Levy, 2040:Leon Edel, 1990:Last Things 1729:Lee, p. 712 1702:Lee, p. 267 1675:Lee, p. 436 1546:Gadd, p. 63 1537:Lee, p. 265 1471:Snow, p. 84 1426:Lee, p. 447 1417:Lee, p. 262 1376:Lee, p. 263 1278:Gadd, p. 20 1097:written in 1027:Dreadnought 902:Memoir Club 888:appeasement 833:Julian Bell 800:(1921) and 732:T. S. Eliot 687:painted by 676:World War I 540:G. E. Moore 528:G. E. Moore 468:T. S. Eliot 434:in Sussex: 398:Howards End 382:Julian Bell 331:, economist 228:'s sisters 184:(either at 3714:Bloomsbury 3673:Categories 3635:Billy Budd 3585:Nonfiction 3403:Categories 3017:Freshwater 2563:Clive Bell 2228:Bloomsbury 2035:Bloomsbury 1954:Ousby, Ian 1804:(editor). 1589:BBC: Style 1444:Lee, p. 54 1168:References 1129:1909-1922. 952:simply too 642:Clive Bell 611:militarism 299:Clive Bell 266:Membership 257:Bloomsbury 238:Bloomsbury 218:Clive Bell 194:Clive Bell 131:Bloomsbury 96:aesthetics 92:literature 52:Bloomsbury 3548:") (1911) 3344:(brother) 3205:The Hours 3197:The Hours 3189:The Hours 2923:The Years 2916:The Waves 2578:Roger Fry 2235:Buildings 1750:. page 33 1145:1850-1900 1141:1892-1938 1137:1890-1947 1133:1890-1933 1125:1863-1938 1091:Roger Fry 946:Criticism 824:tracks". 705:modernist 689:Roger Fry 646:Roger Fry 622:The Years 594:triangles 317:Roger Fry 255:known as 198:Cambridge 182:Cambridge 135:Ian Ousby 116:sexuality 104:economics 100:criticism 3603:" (1938) 3536:" (1909) 3374:(nephew) 3368:(nephew) 3362:(nephew) 3356:(nephew) 3338:(mother) 3332:(father) 2713:Projects 2497:Category 2277:The Lamb 1767:Archived 1194:Archived 1014:See also 930:May 2023 601:Politics 521:c. 1913. 278:, London 234:Virginia 202:Apostles 112:pacifism 108:feminism 3646:Related 3515:Maurice 3387:Related 3207:(opera) 3191:(novel) 3128:Related 2507:Commons 2462:History 2150:. Tate. 2137:(1976). 2081:, 2004. 2061:, 2004. 2037:, 1986. 1832:Keynes. 1638:24 July 1594:28 July 990:Derrida 717:Maurice 579:in 1912 448:Rodmell 380:, with 289:Members 230:Vanessa 186:Trinity 149:Origins 3611:(1951) 3596:(1927) 3556:(1928) 3518:(1971) 3510:(1924) 3502:(1910) 3494:(1908) 3486:(1907) 3478:(1905) 3467:Novels 3350:(wife) 3323:Family 3315:(1940) 3307:(1936) 3299:(1930) 3291:(1923) 3283:(1921) 3275:(1919) 3199:(film) 3052:Essays 2852:Novels 2778:Topics 2130:, 2018 2123:, 2014 2114:, 2003 2108:, 1994 2090:, 1993 2005:Tate. 2002:(1991) 1981:  1973:  1939:  1922:  1906:  1891:  1860:  1838:  1814:  1794:  1746:  1244:1980). 1065:(1931) 770:Attire 454:Others 446:), in 392:, and 376:, and 366:Adrian 169:, and 114:, and 102:, and 86:, and 3619:Other 3264:Books 3009:Drama 2396:Roads 2018:2009. 1956:ed., 1071:Notes 740:Freud 652:1924) 496:James 494:, or 490:, or 432:Lewes 3153:hoax 2908:film 2887:film 2723:hoax 2626:and 2102:1987 1979:ISBN 1971:ISBN 1937:ISBN 1920:ISBN 1904:ISBN 1889:ISBN 1858:ISBN 1836:ISBN 1812:ISBN 1792:ISBN 1744:ISBN 1640:2023 1596:2024 1143:and 1110:See 1029:hoax 1006:and 810:and 624:and 542:and 517:and 498:and 388:and 368:and 232:and 216:and 62:The 992:". 967:'s 925:. 670:Art 644:by 632:Art 502:". 188:or 66:or 3675:: 3544:(" 2051:. 1998:. 1648:^ 1630:. 1587:. 1530:^ 1381:^ 1367:^ 1346:^ 1334:^ 1322:^ 1283:^ 1267:^ 1249:^ 1236:^ 1139:, 1135:, 1131:, 1127:, 1079:^ 980:, 760:: 734:, 650:c. 474:, 470:, 384:, 372:, 212:, 208:, 165:, 118:. 110:, 98:, 94:, 82:, 78:, 74:, 3599:" 3577:" 3573:" 3570:" 3566:" 3563:" 3559:" 3532:" 3452:e 3445:t 3438:v 3249:e 3242:t 3235:v 3118:" 3114:" 3104:" 3100:" 3062:" 3058:" 3001:" 2997:" 2987:" 2983:" 2980:" 2976:" 2971:" 2967:" 2957:" 2953:" 2950:" 2946:" 2824:e 2817:t 2810:v 2541:e 2534:t 2527:v 2220:e 2213:t 2206:v 2174:. 1985:. 1943:. 1926:. 1895:. 1864:. 1842:. 1818:. 1798:. 1642:. 1598:. 1230:. 1147:. 963:" 932:) 928:( 751:, 648:( 41:. 34:. 20:)

Index

Bloomsbury group
Bloomsbury Publishing
Bloomsbury Set (band)

Bloomsbury
John Maynard Keynes
Virginia Woolf
John Maynard Keynes
E. M. Forster
Vanessa Bell
Lytton Strachey
literature
aesthetics
criticism
economics
feminism
pacifism
sexuality
University of Cambridge
King's College London
Bloomsbury
Ian Ousby
C. J. Coventry
Raymond Williams

Lady Ottoline Morrell
Lytton Strachey
Duncan Grant
Vanessa Bell
Duncan Grant

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