560:. As with the distinction between love (an intrinsic state) and monogamy (a behavior, i.e. instrumental), Moore's differentiation between intrinsic and instrumental value allowed the Bloomsburies to maintain an ethical high-ground based on intrinsic merit, independent of, and without reference to, the consequences of their actions. For Moore, intrinsic value depended on an indeterminable intuition of good and a concept of complex states of mind whose worth as a whole was not proportionate to the sum of its parts. For both Moore and Bloomsbury, the greatest ethic goods were "the importance of personal relationships and the private life", as well as aesthetic appreciation: "art for art's sake".
973:, which called Bloomsbury Ă©litist, corrupt and talentless, caused a stir" of its own. The most telling criticism, however, came perhaps from within the Group's own ranks, when on the eve of war Keynes gave a "nostalgic and disillusioned account of the pure sweet air of G. E. Moore, that belief in undisturbed individualism, that Utopianism based on a belief in human reasonableness and decency, that refusal to accept the idea of civilisation as 'a thin and precarious crust' ... Keynes's fond, elegiac repudiation of his "early beliefs", in the light of current affairs ("We completely misunderstood human nature, including our own")".
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711:: "the small world of Bloomsbury was later said by some on its outskirts to have been irretrievably shattered", though in fact its friendships "survived the upheavals and dislocations of war, in many ways were even strengthened by them". Most but not all of them were conscientious objectors. Politically, the members of Bloomsbury had liberal and socialist leanings.
243:
In 1905 Vanessa began the "Friday Club" and Thoby ran "Thursday
Evenings", which became the basis for the Bloomsbury Group, which to some was really "Cambridge in London". Thoby's premature death in 1906 brought them more firmly together and they became what is now known as the "Old Bloomsbury" group
664:
These "Bloomsbury assumptions" are reflected in members' criticisms of materialistic realism in painting and fiction, influenced above all by Clive Bell's "concept of 'Significant Form', which separated and elevated the concept of form above content in works of art": it has been suggested that, with
613:, for example); but its "clubs and meetings were not activist, like the political organisations to which many of Bloomsbury's members also belonged", and they would be criticised for that by their 1930s successors, who by contrast were "heavily touched by the politics which Bloomsbury had rejected".
588:
and individual pleasure. E. M. Forster for example approved of "the decay of smartness and fashion as factors, and the growth of the idea of enjoyment", and asserted that "if I had to choose between betraying my country and betraying my friend, I hope I should have the guts to betray my country".
596:
or more complicated geometric figures, well then, one accepted that too". Yet at the same time, they shared a sophisticated, civilized, and highly articulated ideal of pleasure. As
Virginia Woolf put it, their "triumph is in having worked out a view of life which was not by any means corrupt or
672:(1914), basing his aesthetics partly on Roger Fry's art criticism and G. E. Moore's moral philosophy; and as the war came he argued that "in these days of storm and darkness, it seemed right that at the shrine of civilization - in Bloomsbury, I mean - the lamp should be tended assiduously".
660:
exhibitions of 1910 and 1912 involved
Bloomsbury in a second revolution following on the Cambridge philosophical one. This time the Bloomsbury painters were much involved and influenced. Fry and other Bloomsbury artists rejected the traditional distinction between fine and decorative art.
407:
became close friends of the
Stephen sisters, Vanessa Bell and Virginia Woolf. Duncan Grant had affairs with siblings Vanessa Bell and Adrian Stephen, as well as David Garnett, Maynard Keynes, and James Strachey. Clive Bell married Vanessa in 1907, and Leonard Woolf returned from the
259:. They were "spiritually" similar to the Clapham group who supported its members' careers: "The Bloomsberries promoted one another's work and careers just as the original Claphamites did, as well as the intervening generations of their grandparents and parents."
1243:
Raymond
Williams, âThe Significance of âBloomsburyâ as a Social and Cultural Group,â in Derek Crabtree & A. P. Thirlwall, Keynes and the Bloomsbury Group: The Fourth Keynes Seminar held at the University of Kent at Canterbury (Macmillan,
1002:, seeking to lift himself and his friends from obscurity. To Williams, the only two so-called "members" of any significance in their respective fields were Keynes and Virginia Woolf. Williams unfavourably compared the Bloomsbury Group to the
941:
In March 1920 Molly MacCarthy began the Memoir Club to help
Desmond and herself write their memoirs; and also "for their friends to regroup after the war (with the proviso that they should always tell the truth)". It met until 1956 or 1964.
583:
Bloomsbury reacted against current upper class
English social rituals, "the bourgeois habits ... the conventions of Victorian life" with their emphasis on public achievement, in favour of a more informal and private focus on
954:
extraordinary!'), the incredulous, weirdly emphasised
Strachey voice". After World War I, as the members of the Group "began to be famous, the execration increased, and the caricature of an idle, snobbish and self-congratulatory
1628:"NEW STRACHEY BOOK DEPICTS UNKNOWNS; "Portraits in Miniature" Gives New Renown to Personalities Unfamiliar in History. ALSO WEIGHS HISTORIANS Macaulay's Lack of Emotion and Carlyle's Excess of Genius Are Remarked as Handicaps"
458:
Much about
Bloomsbury appears to be controversial, including its membership and name: indeed, some would maintain that "the three words 'the Bloomsbury group' have been so much used as to have become almost unusable".
962:
The growing threats of the 1930s brought new criticism from younger writers of "what the last lot had done (Bloomsbury, Modernism, Eliot) in favour of what they thought of as urgent hard-hitting realism"; while
796:. Forster wrote no more novels but he became one of England's most influential essayists. Duncan Grant, and then Vanessa Bell, had single-artist exhibitions. Lytton Strachey wrote his biographies of two queens,
525:
The lives and works of the group members show an overlapping, interconnected similarity of ideas and attitudes that helped to keep the friends and relatives together, reflecting in large part the influence of
530:: "the essence of what Bloomsbury drew from Moore is contained in his statement that 'one's prime objects in life were love, the creation and enjoyment of aesthetic experience and the pursuit of knowledge'".
3408:
668:
The establishment's hostility to post-impressionism made
Bloomsbury controversial, and controversial they have remained. Clive Bell polemicized post-impressionism in his widely read book
816:, thus fuelling animosities that saw Bloomsbury dominating the cultural scene. Roger Fry wrote and lectured widely on art; meanwhile, Clive Bell applied Bloomsbury values to his book
2162:
Victoria University Library has a number of special collections concerning the Bloomsbury Group. Chief among these is the Virginia Woolf Collection consisting of more than 3000 items
443:
466:
was only reluctantly accepted into the group, and there were certainly "writers who were at some time close friends of Virginia Woolf, but who were distinctly not 'Bloomsbury':
843:, but with the coming of war again her mental instability recurred, and she drowned herself in 1941. In the previous decade she had become one of the century's most famous
546:
who were revolutionizing British philosophy at the start of the 20th century. Distinguishing between ends and means was a commonplace of ethics, but what made Moore's
774:
Bloomsbury members became known for distinctive garments; Woolf in particular was opposed to conventions surrounding formal attire, such as "dressing for dinner".
753:
which added to the arguments about Bloomsbury that continue to this day, and "brought him the triumph he had always longed for ... The book was a sensation".
959:, promoting its own brand of high culture began to take shape": as Forster self-mockingly put it, "In came the nice fat dividends, up rose the lofty thoughts".
984:
wrote about the Bloomsbury group: "rarely in the field of human endeavour has so much been written about so few who achieved so little". American philosopher
597:
sinister or merely intellectual; rather ascetic and austere indeed; which still holds, and keeps them dining together, and staying together, after 20 years".
863:(1936) made him one of the century's most influential economists. He died in 1946 after being much involved in monetary negotiations with the United States.
859:
247:
The Bloomsbury Group, mostly from upper middle-class professional families, formed part of "an intellectual aristocracy which could trace itself back to the
244:
who met in earnest beginning in 1912. In the 1920s and 1930s the group shifted when the original members died and the next generation had reached adulthood.
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866:
The diversity yet collectivity of Later Bloomsbury's ideas and achievements can be summed up in a series of credos that were made in 1938, the year of the
70:
was a group of associated English writers, intellectuals, philosophers and artists in the early 20th century. Among the people involved in the group were
827:
In the darkening 1930s, Bloomsbury began to die: "Bloomsbury itself was hardly any longer a focus". A year after publishing a collection of brief lives,
1627:
137:, "although its members denied being a group in any formal sense, they were united by an abiding belief in the importance of the arts." The historian
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262:
A historical feature of these friends and relations is that their close relationships all pre-dated their fame as writers, artists, and thinkers.
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claims of both left and right that "personal relations ... love and loyalty to an individual can run counter to the claims of the State".
714:
Though the war dispersed Old Bloomsbury, the individuals continued to develop their careers. E. M. Forster followed his successful novels with
1584:
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665:
their "focus on form ...Bell's ideas have come to stand in for, perhaps too much so, the aesthetic principles of the Bloomsbury Group".
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988:
was quoted in 1999 as saying "I don't like anything that sets itself up as an in-group or an elite, whether it is the Bloomsbury group or
2539:
462:
Close friends, brothers, sisters, and even sometimes partners of the friends were not necessarily members of Bloomsbury: Keynes's wife
145:, disputes the existence of the group and the extent of its impact, describing it as "curio" for those interested in Keynes and Woolf.
950:
Early complaints focused on a perceived cliquiness: "on personal mannerismsâthe favourite phrases ('ex-quisitely civilized', and 'How
412:
to marry Virginia in 1912. Cambridge Apostle friendships brought into the group Desmond MacCarthy, his wife Molly, and E. M. Forster.
403:
There were stable marriages and varied and complicated affairs among the individual members. Lytton Strachey and his cousin and lover
851:". It was also in the 1930s that Desmond MacCarthy became perhaps the most widely readâand heardâliterary critic with his columns in
2159:
2822:
831:(1931), Lytton Strachey died; shortly afterwards Carrington shot herself. Roger Fry died in 1934. Vanessa and Clive's eldest son,
592:
The Group "believed in pleasure ... They tried to get the maximum of pleasure out of their personal relations. If this meant
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Although popularly thought of as a formal group, it was a loose collective of friends and relatives closely associated with the
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which he could not publish because it treated homosexuality untragically. In 1915, Virginia Woolf brought out her first novel,
251:". It was an informal network of an influential group of artists, art critics, writers and an economist, many of whom lived in
782:
The 1920s were in a number of ways the blooming of Bloomsbury. Virginia Woolf was writing and publishing her most widely read
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820:(1928), which Leonard Woolf saw as limited and elitist, describing Bell as a "wonderful organiser of intellectual
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804:(1928). Desmond MacCarthy and Leonard Woolf engaged in friendly rivalry as literary editors, respectively of the
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Manuscripts and Woodcuts: Visions and Designs from Bloomsbury â Duke University Libraries Digital Collections
894:" with its choice of personal relations over patriotism: his quiet assertion in the face of the increasingly
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699:. The shoes may also be from Omega and the cushion on the chair is covered with 'Maud' linen, also by Bell.
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added to the controversial nature of Bloomsbury, as Virginia Woolf represented the group in the fictional
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pamphlet (he later supported the war), and E. M. Forster wrote an early version of his famous essay "
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Bloomsbury was also part of Fry's extension of post-impressionism into the decorative arts with his
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established Maynard as a Neo-Classical economist and political economist of international eminence.
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Rindert Kromhout, "Soldaten huilen niet" (Dutch Young Adult novel about the youth of Quentin 2010)
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as "later additions". Except for Forster, who published three novels before the highly successful
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122:
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552:(1903) so important for the philosophical basis of Bloomsbury thought was Moore's conception of
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30:
This article is about the historic literary group. For the contemporary publishing company, see
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The Bloomsbury Group Collection at the Victoria University Library at the University of Toronto
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Influential group of associated English writers, intellectuals, philosophers and artists
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that shocked some of her fellow members, including Keynes who had enjoyed the gentler
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with three more novels, and a series of essays including the moving late memoir "
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Keynes From Below: A Social History of Second World War Keynesian Economics
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The Early Literary History of the Bloomsbury Group: Victorian Bloomsbury,
887:
832:
731:
539:
527:
467:
381:
1123:
Monk's House Photograph albums at Houghton Library, Harvard University:
910:
430:, but also at countryside retreats. There are two significant ones near
153:
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641:
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298:
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for the women, who at one point lived, worked or studied together near
95:
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2154:"A Room of Their Own: The Bloomsbury Artists in American Collections"
1953:
1090:
1010:, finding that the older groups were more radical and consequential.
704:
688:
645:
538:
Through the Apostles they also encountered the analytic philosophers
486:'s best-selling author". Members cited in "other lists might include
316:
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111:
107:
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The following year came J. M. Keynes's influential attack on the
447:
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The Red and the Blue. Intelligence, Treason and the Universities
1585:"How Virginia Woolf and the Bloomsbury group unbuttoned Britain"
1111:
2185:
680:
1807:
Bénézit Dictionary of British Graphic Artists and Illustrators
703:
Old Bloomsbury's development was affected, along with much of
37:"Bloomsbury Set" redirects here. For the 1980s pop group, see
2196:
739:
636:
431:
2094:
The Bloomsbury Group: A Collection of Memoirs and Commentary
1966:
The Bloomsbury Group: A Collection of Memoirs and Commentary
1932:
Incest and Influence: The Private Life of Bourgeois England
1787:
Radio Modernism: Literature, Ethics, and the BBC, 1922â1938
1902:, Bloomsbury Reader, Paperback and Digital, 15 May 2015,
742:. Then in 1918 Lytton Strachey published his critique of
438:, where Vanessa Bell and Duncan Grant moved in 1916, and
196:
and the Stephen brothers, were members of "the exclusive
2171:
1854:
The New York Public Library Desk Reference â 3rd Edition
998:
saw Bloomsbury as the invention of an ageing and lonely
870:. Virginia Woolf published her radical feminist polemic
857:
and his broadcasts for the BBC. John Maynard Keynes's
1190:
The Bloomsbury Group: Artists, Writers & Thinkers
860:
The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money
426:
The group met not only in their homes in Bloomsbury,
3304:
The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money
2000:
Virginia Woolf: Paper Darts: the Illustrated Letters
422:, where Vanessa Bell and Duncan Grant moved in 1916
1856:. Macmillan General Reference, 1998. p. 262.
1764:Who Needs Philosophy? A Profile of Martha Nussbaum
1653:
1651:
1649:
1742:(Coronet Books, Hodder and Stoughten, U.K. 1987)
1386:
1384:
1382:
450:, owned by Virginia and Leonard Woolf from 1919.
176:All male members of the Bloomsbury Group, except
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1211:
1101:'s hand with 7 miscellaneous manuscript letters.
563:
2168:John Maynard Keynes: The Lives of a Mind (2016)
2121:The Cambridge Companion to the Bloomsbury Group
1887:. Cambridge University Press; 26 January 2006.
1646:
1337:
1335:
1082:
1080:
1935:. Harvard University Press; 28 February 2010.
1915:Virginia Woolf, Fashion and Literary Modernity
1900:Bloomsbury's Outsider: A Life of David Garnett
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1533:
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1372:
1370:
1368:
161:, Maria Nys (neither members of Bloomsbury),
2148:Lifestyle and Legacy of the Bloomsbury Group
1958:The Cambridge Guide to Literature in English
1884:The Cambridge Guide to Literature in English
1876:The Loving Friends: A Portrait of Bloomsbury
1790:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.; 1 January 2006.
1332:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1077:
886:to The Memoir Club. Clive Bell published an
90:. Their works and outlook deeply influenced
1977:Also published by Croom Helm, London; 1995
1344:
1320:
1247:
746:in the shape of four ironic biographies in
364:, in the 1960s, listed as "Old Bloomsbury"
319:, art critic and post-impressionist painter
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2172:The Keynes Centre University College Cork
2044:, Philadelphia : Lippincott, c 1979
2011:Archive Journeys: Bloomsbury Group. Tate.
1834:Bloomsbury Press, 2009. pp. 56, 57.
1810:. Oxford University Press; 21 June 2012.
1265:
400:in 1910, the group were late developers.
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1217:
679:
656:Roger Fry joined the group in 1910. His
635:
567:
533:
509:
414:
269:
152:
45:
3719:History of the London Borough of Camden
3255:
2992:A Haunted House and Other Short Stories
2059:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1281:
726:; and in 1917 the Woolfs founded their
14:
3704:LGBTQ literature in the United Kingdom
3689:Cultural history of the United Kingdom
3671:
3272:The Economic Consequences of the Peace
1821:Blythe, Ronald. in David Daiches ed.,
763:The Economic Consequences of the Peace
106:, as well as modern attitudes towards
3684:British artist groups and collectives
3432:
3229:
2804:
2521:
2200:
2074:March/April 2009, Volume 30, Number 2
1969:. University of Toronto Press; 1995.
976:In his book on the background of the
802:Elizabeth and Essex: A Tragic History
253:the West Central 1 district of London
2547:
2502:
2128:The Handbook to the Bloomsbury Group
2126:Derek Ryan and Stephen Ross (eds),
2069:"British Modernism's Many Manners ."
1918:. Edinburgh University Press; 2009.
1878:London: The Hogarth Press Ltd, 1974.
1239:
1237:
905:
605:Politically, Bloomsbury held mainly
141:, resurrecting an older argument by
1824:The Penguin Companion to Literature
1583:Williams, Holly (2 November 2023).
777:
628:works about the suffrage movement.
24:
2830:
2042:Bloomsbury : a house of lions
2022:
1950:London: Chatto & Windus, 1996.
25:
3730:
3458:
2178:
1234:
349:, essayist and non-fiction writer
58:(1883â1946) lived here from 1916.
3213:From the Diary of Virginia Woolf
2790:Bloomsbury Group in LGBT history
2737:
2501:
2492:
2491:
2315:
2184:
1408:Rosenbaum, pp. 208, 430â431, 437
1218:Coventry, C. J. (January 2023).
909:
835:, was killed in 1937 during the
293:The group had ten core members:
2785:List of Bloomsbury Group people
1778:
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1507:Oxford University Press, p. 477
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1228:Federation University Australia
1150:
1117:
1114:, A Bloomsbury Home and Garden.
1104:
691:, 1917, in a dress designed by
505:
284:List of Bloomsbury Group people
240:when they came down to London.
224:, and it was through Thoby and
3630:(1945 documentary film script)
2226:
2165:Chapter 3: Interactive E-Book
1293:
1182:
1173:
901:
786:, and E. M. Forster completed
675:
236:that the men met the women of
13:
1:
1963:Rosenbaum, Stanford Patrick.
1167:
792:, a highly regarded novel on
649:
564:Rejection of bourgeois habits
355:, fiction writer and essayist
265:
2985:The Duchess and the Jeweller
2297:St George the Martyr Holborn
2272:Kimpton Fitzroy London Hotel
1847:Bloomsbury: A House of Lions
1761:The New York Times Magazine.
1061:, who attacked the group in
945:
794:British imperialism in India
325:, post-impressionist painter
307:, post-impressionist painter
7:
3546:The Other Side of the Hedge
2049:"Bloomsbury's Final Secret"
1525:Tew and Murray, p. 122, 127
1013:
784:modernist novels and essays
600:
10:
3735:
3475:Where Angels Fear to Tread
3288:A Tract on Monetary Reform
3067:Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown
2448:Street names of Bloomsbury
2008:Bloomsbury Group Timeline.
1160:, which lasted until 1920.
1004:Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood
360:In addition to these ten,
288:
281:
148:
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3280:A Treatise on Probability
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2257:Church of Christ the King
2234:
2088:A Bloomsbury Group Reader
1290:Tate, Bloomsbury timeline
1054:Opposition to World War I
769:
453:
220:became good friends with
3608:Two Cheers for Democracy
3183:Adrian Stephen (brother)
3102:A Letter to a Young Poet
2999:The Widow and the Parrot
2014:Tew, P. and Murray, A..
1869:Two Cheers for Democracy
1196:25 November 2010 at the
1089:Includes 12 woodcuts by
1070:
1008:Arts and Crafts movement
882:(1929). Keynes read his
813:The Nation and Athenaeum
192:). Most of them, except
54:, London. The economist
3178:Thoby Stephen (brother)
3168:Leslie Stephen (father)
3158:Leonard Woolf (husband)
2096:, revised edition, 1995
839:. Virginia Woolf wrote
758:Versailles Peace Treaty
204:'". At Trinity in 1899
133:, London. According to
123:University of Cambridge
3312:How to Pay for the War
3163:Julia Stephen (mother)
3042:Roger Fry: A Biography
2119:Victoria Rosner (ed),
2084:S. P. Rosenbaum (ed),
2016:The Modernist Handbook
1555:Rosenbaum, p. 112, 393
1093:and the manuscript of
829:Portraits in Miniature
730:, which would publish
700:
653:
631:
586:personal relationships
580:
522:
423:
279:
173:
59:
3541:The Celestial Omnibus
3173:Vanessa Bell (sister)
2684:Lady Ottoline Morrell
2428:Lamb's Conduit Street
2156:. Cornell University.
2142:Museums and libraries
1849:, Hogarth Press, 1979
1480:Quoted in Lee, p. 268
1044:LGBT social movements
683:
639:
571:
534:Philosophy and ethics
513:
418:
337:, literary journalist
273:
159:Lady Ottoline Morrell
156:
127:King's College London
49:
39:Bloomsbury Set (band)
32:Bloomsbury Publishing
3593:Aspects of the Novel
3116:A Sketch of the Past
2948:The Mark on the Wall
2902:Orlando: A Biography
2764:Charleston Farmhouse
2413:Great Russell Street
2193:at Wikimedia Commons
2135:Bloomsbury Portraits
2106:Edwardian Bloomsbury
1693:Spalding 1991, p. 13
849:A Sketch of the Past
609:stances (opposed to
436:Charleston Farmhouse
420:Charleston Farmhouse
410:Ceylon Civil Service
3627:A Diary for Timothy
3568:The Classical Annex
3483:The Longest Journey
3416:John Maynard Keynes
3336:Florence Ada Keynes
3330:John Neville Keynes
3296:A Treatise on Money
3257:John Maynard Keynes
3081:A Room of One's Own
2699:Vita Sackville-West
2643:Saxon Sydney-Turner
2588:John Maynard Keynes
2362:Mecklenburgh Square
2112:Georgian Bloomsbury
1769:23 May 2011 at the
1759:Boynton, Robert S.
1684:Rosenbaum, p. xxxii
1435:Forster, pp. 64, 96
1095:Elizabeth and Essex
879:A Room of One's Own
736:Katherine Mansfield
519:John Maynard Keynes
480:Vita Sackville-West
472:Katherine Mansfield
374:Saxon Sydney-Turner
329:John Maynard Keynes
214:Saxon Sydney-Turner
180:, were educated at
76:John Maynard Keynes
56:John Maynard Keynes
3553:The Eternal Moment
3507:A Passage to India
3491:A Room with a View
3035:Flush: A Biography
2969:The String Quartet
2624:Cambridge Apostles
2469:The Bedford Estate
2403:Cartwright Gardens
2347:Cartwright Gardens
2267:Goodenough College
2077:Christopher Reed,
2028:Books and articles
1632:The New York Times
921:. You can help by
789:A Passage to India
749:Eminent Victorians
701:
658:Post-Impressionist
654:
581:
558:instrumental value
523:
442:(now owned by the
424:
280:
174:
60:
50:46 Gordon Square,
3694:Culture in London
3666:
3665:
3658:Marianne Thornton
3534:The Machine Stops
3426:
3425:
3223:
3222:
2962:Monday or Tuesday
2895:To the Lighthouse
2798:
2797:
2754:33 Fitzroy Square
2747:Notable Addresses
2689:Frances Partridge
2657:Associated Others
2593:Desmond MacCarthy
2515:
2514:
2382:Torrington Square
2337:Bloomsbury Square
2325:Squares and parks
2307:UCL Main Building
2302:St Pancras Church
2189:Media related to
1996:Spalding, Frances
1975:978-0-8020-7640-3
1941:978-0-674-05414-1
1924:978-0-7486-3872-7
1908:978-1-4482-1545-4
1893:978-0-521-83179-6
1840:978-1-60819-023-2
1827:I. Penguin, 1971.
1816:978-0-19-992305-2
1802:Bénézit, Emmanuel
1796:978-0-7546-5517-6
1738:Andrew Sinclair,
1720:Lee, pp. 612, 622
1489:Lee, pp. 263, 613
1399:Kuger, p. 231â232
1362:Knights, S., 2015
1299:Rosenbaum, p. 142
939:
938:
837:Spanish Civil War
616:The campaign for
556:as distinct from
335:Desmond MacCarthy
16:(Redirected from
3726:
3709:Literary circles
3679:Bloomsbury Group
3653:Bloomsbury Group
3561:The Life to Come
3453:
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3394:Bloomsbury Group
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3135:Bloomsbury Group
3109:Moments of Being
3088:The London Scene
2930:Between the Acts
2825:
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2759:46 Gordon Square
2674:Angelica Garnett
2549:Bloomsbury Group
2542:
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2479:Bloomsbury Group
2377:Tavistock Square
2342:Brunswick Square
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2252:Brunswick Centre
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2198:
2197:
2191:Bloomsbury Group
2188:
2079:Bloomsbury Rooms
1992:. Penguin, 1974.
1960:(Cambridge 1995)
1898:Knights, Sarah.
1871:. Penguin, 1965.
1867:Forster, E. M..
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996:Raymond Williams
934:
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906:
884:My Early Beliefs
868:Munich Agreement
854:The Sunday Times
845:feminist writers
822:greyhound racing
778:Later Bloomsbury
707:culture, by the
695:and made at the
651:
618:women's suffrage
549:Principia Ethica
544:Bertrand Russell
488:Ottoline Morrell
313:, fiction writer
274:Blue plaque, 50
143:Raymond Williams
125:for the men and
64:Bloomsbury Group
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2669:Dora Carrington
2652:
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2598:Lytton Strachey
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2474:Bloomsbury Gang
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2443:Southampton Row
2423:Gray's Inn Road
2418:Guilford Street
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2181:
2133:Richard Shone,
2025:
2023:Further reading
1946:Lee, Hermione.
1912:Koppen, Randi.
1881:Head, Dominic.
1830:Clarke, Peter.
1781:
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1771:Wayback Machine
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1099:Lytton Strachey
1085:
1078:
1073:
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1049:Lost Generation
1039:Heterosociality
1016:
986:Martha Nussbaum
982:Andrew Sinclair
978:Cambridge spies
970:The Apes of God
948:
935:
929:
926:
919:needs expansion
904:
841:Fry's biography
780:
772:
709:First World War
697:Omega Workshops
678:
634:
603:
566:
554:intrinsic worth
536:
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492:Dora Carrington
456:
378:Molly MacCarthy
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341:Lytton Strachey
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206:Lytton Strachey
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3601:What I Believe
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3575:The Other Boat
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2832:Virginia Woolf
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2617:Old Bloomsbury
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2608:Virginia Woolf
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3314:
3313:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3251:
3246:
3244:
3239:
3237:
3232:
3231:
3228:
3216:
3214:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3140:Hogarth Press
3138:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3117:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3095:Three Guineas
3092:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3044:
3043:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3000:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2982:
2979:
2978:The New Dress
2975:
2970:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2940:Short stories
2938:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2867:Night and Day
2864:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2837:
2833:
2826:
2821:
2819:
2814:
2812:
2807:
2806:
2803:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2728:Hogarth Press
2726:
2724:
2722:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2705:
2704:Thoby Stephen
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2679:David Garnett
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2638:Karin Stephen
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2603:Leonard Woolf
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2573:E. M. Forster
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2543:
2538:
2536:
2531:
2529:
2524:
2523:
2520:
2508:
2500:
2498:
2490:
2489:
2486:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2438:Museum Street
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2388:
2387:Woburn Square
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2357:Gordon Square
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2318:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2282:Montagu House
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2222:
2217:
2215:
2210:
2208:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2192:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2136:
2132:
2129:
2125:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2029:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2004:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:Snow, C. P..
1987:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1933:
1929:Kuper, Adam.
1928:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1877:
1874:Gadd, David.
1873:
1870:
1866:
1863:
1862:0-02-862169-7
1859:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1784:Avery, Todd.
1783:
1782:
1772:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1756:
1749:
1748:0-340-41687-4
1745:
1741:
1735:
1726:
1717:
1708:
1699:
1690:
1681:
1672:
1663:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1633:
1629:
1623:
1614:
1605:
1590:
1586:
1579:
1570:
1561:
1552:
1543:
1534:
1532:
1522:
1513:
1504:
1495:
1486:
1477:
1468:
1459:
1450:
1441:
1432:
1423:
1414:
1405:
1396:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1359:
1353:Clarke, p. 56
1350:
1348:
1338:
1336:
1329:Avery, p. 33.
1326:
1324:
1314:
1305:
1296:
1287:
1285:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1262:Blythe, p. 54
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1240:
1238:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1214:
1205:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1185:
1176:
1172:
1159:
1153:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1113:
1107:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1081:
1076:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1001:
1000:Leonard Woolf
997:
993:
991:
987:
983:
979:
974:
972:
971:
966:
965:Wyndham Lewis
960:
958:
957:rentier class
953:
943:
933:
924:
920:
917:This section
915:
912:
908:
907:
899:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
880:
875:
874:
873:Three Guineas
869:
864:
862:
861:
856:
855:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
825:
823:
819:
815:
814:
809:
808:
807:New Statesman
803:
799:
795:
791:
790:
785:
775:
767:
765:
764:
759:
754:
752:
750:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
728:Hogarth Press
725:
724:
719:
718:
712:
710:
706:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
673:
671:
666:
662:
659:
647:
643:
638:
629:
627:
626:Night and Day
623:
619:
614:
612:
608:
598:
595:
590:
587:
578:
575:and his wife
574:
573:Leonard Woolf
570:
561:
559:
555:
551:
550:
545:
541:
531:
529:
520:
516:
512:
503:
501:
500:Alix Strachey
497:
493:
489:
485:
484:Hogarth Press
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
460:
451:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
421:
417:
413:
411:
406:
401:
399:
395:
394:David Garnett
391:
390:Angelica Bell
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
370:Karin Stephen
367:
363:
362:Leonard Woolf
354:
351:
348:
347:Leonard Woolf
345:
342:
339:
336:
333:
330:
327:
324:
321:
318:
315:
312:
311:E. M. Forster
309:
306:
303:
300:
297:
296:
294:
285:
277:
276:Gordon Square
272:
263:
260:
258:
254:
250:
245:
241:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
222:Thoby Stephen
219:
215:
211:
210:Leonard Woolf
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
172:
168:
164:
160:
155:
146:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
119:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
80:E. M. Forster
77:
73:
69:
65:
57:
53:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
3652:
3633:
3625:
3606:
3591:
3551:
3539:
3513:
3505:
3497:
3489:
3481:
3473:
3393:
3310:
3302:
3294:
3286:
3278:
3270:
3215:(song cycle)
3212:
3204:
3196:
3188:
3150:
3145:Monk's House
3134:
3107:
3093:
3086:
3079:
3074:On Being Ill
3072:
3065:
3040:
3033:
3015:
2990:
2960:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2900:
2893:
2881:Mrs Dalloway
2879:
2874:Jacob's Room
2872:
2865:
2858:
2843:Bibliography
2769:Monk's House
2720:
2664:Quentin Bell
2583:Duncan Grant
2568:Vanessa Bell
2556:Core Members
2548:
2478:
2453:Woburn Place
2433:Malet Street
2408:Gower Street
2367:Queen Square
2292:St. George's
2287:Senate House
2166:
2141:
2140:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2111:
2105:
2099:
2093:
2087:
2078:
2071:
2058:
2052:
2041:
2034:
2027:
2026:
2015:
2007:
1999:
1989:
1983:085664-285-1
1964:
1957:
1947:
1930:
1913:
1899:
1882:
1875:
1868:
1853:
1846:
1845:Edel, Leon.
1831:
1822:
1805:
1785:
1779:Bibliography
1760:
1755:
1739:
1734:
1725:
1716:
1707:
1698:
1689:
1680:
1671:
1662:
1636:. Retrieved
1631:
1622:
1617:Gadd, p. 191
1613:
1608:Gadd, p. 112
1604:
1592:. Retrieved
1588:
1578:
1573:Gadd, p. 124
1569:
1564:Gadd, p. 133
1560:
1551:
1542:
1521:
1516:Ousby, p. 71
1512:
1503:
1494:
1485:
1476:
1467:
1458:
1449:
1440:
1431:
1422:
1413:
1404:
1395:
1358:
1317:Kuper p. 224
1313:
1304:
1295:
1223:
1220:
1213:
1208:Ousby, p. 95
1204:
1188:
1184:
1175:
1152:
1119:
1106:
1094:
1063:The Georgiad
1062:
1059:Roy Campbell
1026:
1021:Arthur Waley
994:
975:
968:
961:
951:
949:
940:
927:
923:adding to it
918:
896:totalitarian
883:
877:
871:
865:
858:
852:
828:
826:
818:Civilization
817:
811:
805:
801:
797:
787:
781:
773:
761:
755:
747:
744:Victorianism
721:
715:
713:
702:
693:Vanessa Bell
685:Nina Hamnett
669:
667:
663:
655:
640:Portrait of
625:
621:
615:
607:left-liberal
604:
591:
582:
557:
553:
547:
537:
524:
515:Duncan Grant
506:Shared ideas
476:Hugh Walpole
461:
457:
440:Monk's House
425:
405:Duncan Grant
402:
397:
386:Quentin Bell
359:
343:, biographer
323:Duncan Grant
305:Vanessa Bell
301:, art critic
292:
261:
249:Clapham Sect
246:
242:
178:Duncan Grant
175:
171:Vanessa Bell
167:Duncan Grant
120:
84:Vanessa Bell
67:
63:
61:
43:
3699:English art
3499:Howards End
3366:Milo Keynes
3151:Dreadnought
3027:Biographies
2955:Kew Gardens
2738:Memoir Club
2721:Dreadnought
2628:G. E. Moore
2072:Humanities,
2055:14 Mar 2005
2047:Paul Levy,
2040:Leon Edel,
1990:Last Things
1729:Lee, p. 712
1702:Lee, p. 267
1675:Lee, p. 436
1546:Gadd, p. 63
1537:Lee, p. 265
1471:Snow, p. 84
1426:Lee, p. 447
1417:Lee, p. 262
1376:Lee, p. 263
1278:Gadd, p. 20
1097:written in
1027:Dreadnought
902:Memoir Club
888:appeasement
833:Julian Bell
800:(1921) and
732:T. S. Eliot
687:painted by
676:World War I
540:G. E. Moore
528:G. E. Moore
468:T. S. Eliot
434:in Sussex:
398:Howards End
382:Julian Bell
331:, economist
228:'s sisters
184:(either at
3714:Bloomsbury
3673:Categories
3635:Billy Budd
3585:Nonfiction
3403:Categories
3017:Freshwater
2563:Clive Bell
2228:Bloomsbury
2035:Bloomsbury
1954:Ousby, Ian
1804:(editor).
1589:BBC: Style
1444:Lee, p. 54
1168:References
1129:1909-1922.
952:simply too
642:Clive Bell
611:militarism
299:Clive Bell
266:Membership
257:Bloomsbury
238:Bloomsbury
218:Clive Bell
194:Clive Bell
131:Bloomsbury
96:aesthetics
92:literature
52:Bloomsbury
3548:") (1911)
3344:(brother)
3205:The Hours
3197:The Hours
3189:The Hours
2923:The Years
2916:The Waves
2578:Roger Fry
2235:Buildings
1750:. page 33
1145:1850-1900
1141:1892-1938
1137:1890-1947
1133:1890-1933
1125:1863-1938
1091:Roger Fry
946:Criticism
824:tracks".
705:modernist
689:Roger Fry
646:Roger Fry
622:The Years
594:triangles
317:Roger Fry
255:known as
198:Cambridge
182:Cambridge
135:Ian Ousby
116:sexuality
104:economics
100:criticism
3603:" (1938)
3536:" (1909)
3374:(nephew)
3368:(nephew)
3362:(nephew)
3356:(nephew)
3338:(mother)
3332:(father)
2713:Projects
2497:Category
2277:The Lamb
1767:Archived
1194:Archived
1014:See also
930:May 2023
601:Politics
521:c. 1913.
278:, London
234:Virginia
202:Apostles
112:pacifism
108:feminism
3646:Related
3515:Maurice
3387:Related
3207:(opera)
3191:(novel)
3128:Related
2507:Commons
2462:History
2150:. Tate.
2137:(1976).
2081:, 2004.
2061:, 2004.
2037:, 1986.
1832:Keynes.
1638:24 July
1594:28 July
990:Derrida
717:Maurice
579:in 1912
448:Rodmell
380:, with
289:Members
230:Vanessa
186:Trinity
149:Origins
3611:(1951)
3596:(1927)
3556:(1928)
3518:(1971)
3510:(1924)
3502:(1910)
3494:(1908)
3486:(1907)
3478:(1905)
3467:Novels
3350:(wife)
3323:Family
3315:(1940)
3307:(1936)
3299:(1930)
3291:(1923)
3283:(1921)
3275:(1919)
3199:(film)
3052:Essays
2852:Novels
2778:Topics
2130:, 2018
2123:, 2014
2114:, 2003
2108:, 1994
2090:, 1993
2005:Tate.
2002:(1991)
1981:
1973:
1939:
1922:
1906:
1891:
1860:
1838:
1814:
1794:
1746:
1244:1980).
1065:(1931)
770:Attire
454:Others
446:), in
392:, and
376:, and
366:Adrian
169:, and
114:, and
102:, and
86:, and
3619:Other
3264:Books
3009:Drama
2396:Roads
2018:2009.
1956:ed.,
1071:Notes
740:Freud
652:1924)
496:James
494:, or
490:, or
432:Lewes
3153:hoax
2908:film
2887:film
2723:hoax
2626:and
2102:1987
1979:ISBN
1971:ISBN
1937:ISBN
1920:ISBN
1904:ISBN
1889:ISBN
1858:ISBN
1836:ISBN
1812:ISBN
1792:ISBN
1744:ISBN
1640:2023
1596:2024
1143:and
1110:See
1029:hoax
1006:and
810:and
624:and
542:and
517:and
498:and
388:and
368:and
232:and
216:and
62:The
992:".
967:'s
925:.
670:Art
644:by
632:Art
502:".
188:or
66:or
3675::
3544:("
2051:.
1998:.
1648:^
1630:.
1587:.
1530:^
1381:^
1367:^
1346:^
1334:^
1322:^
1283:^
1267:^
1249:^
1236:^
1139:,
1135:,
1131:,
1127:,
1079:^
980:,
760::
734:,
650:c.
474:,
470:,
384:,
372:,
212:,
208:,
165:,
118:.
110:,
98:,
94:,
82:,
78:,
74:,
3599:"
3577:"
3573:"
3570:"
3566:"
3563:"
3559:"
3532:"
3452:e
3445:t
3438:v
3249:e
3242:t
3235:v
3118:"
3114:"
3104:"
3100:"
3062:"
3058:"
3001:"
2997:"
2987:"
2983:"
2980:"
2976:"
2971:"
2967:"
2957:"
2953:"
2950:"
2946:"
2824:e
2817:t
2810:v
2541:e
2534:t
2527:v
2220:e
2213:t
2206:v
2174:.
1985:.
1943:.
1926:.
1895:.
1864:.
1842:.
1818:.
1798:.
1642:.
1598:.
1230:.
1147:.
963:"
932:)
928:(
751:,
648:(
41:.
34:.
20:)
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