826:
672:
840:, the offshore industry collaborated with government regulators to develop a framework to respond to future subsea incidents. As a result, all energy companies operating in the deep-water U.S. Gulf of Mexico must submit an OPA 90 required Oil Spill Response Plan with the addition of a Regional Containment Demonstration Plan prior to any drilling activity. In the event of a subsea blowout, these plans are immediately activated, drawing on some of the equipment and processes effectively used to contain the Deepwater Horizon well as others that have been developed in its aftermath.
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the drill pipe. Upon encountering a zone of higher pressure than is being exerted by the hydrostatic head of the drilling mud (including the small additional frictional head while circulating) at the bit, an increase in mud return rate would be noticed as the formation fluid influx blends in with the circulating drilling mud. Conversely, if the rate of returns is slower than expected, it means that a certain amount of the mud is being lost to a thief zone somewhere below the last
609:
539:(BOPs) can be closed to isolate the well while the hydrostatic balance is regained through circulation of fluids in the well. But if the well is not shut in (common term for the closing of the blow-out preventer), a kick can quickly escalate into a blowout when the formation fluids reach the surface, especially when the influx contains gas that expands rapidly with the reduced pressure as it flows up the wellbore, further decreasing the effective weight of the fluid.
4747:
502:) may be present also, usually above the oil within the reservoir, but sometimes dissolved in the oil at reservoir pressure and temperature. Dissolved gas typically comes out of solution as free gas as the pressure is reduced either under controlled production operations or in a kick, or in an uncontrolled blowout. The hydrocarbon in some reservoirs may be essentially all natural gas.
463:
20:
663:) may be drilled to intersect the well or pocket, in order to allow kill-weight fluids to be introduced at depth. When first drilled in the 1930s relief wells were drilled to inject water into the main drill well hole. Contrary to what might be inferred from the term, such wells generally are not used to help relieve pressure using multiple outlets from the blowout zone.
178:, which began gushing oil on 17 April 1861. The spectacle of the fountain of oil flowing out at about 3,000 barrels (480 m) per day had drawn about 150 spectators by the time an hour later when the oil gusher burst into flames, raining fire down on the oil-soaked onlookers. Thirty people died. Other early gushers in northwest Pennsylvania were the
255:, US of 1910 is believed to be the largest-ever U.S. gusher. At its peak, more than 100,000 barrels (16,000 m) of oil per day flowed out, reaching as high as 200 feet (61 m) in the air. It remained uncapped for 18 months, spilling over 9 million barrels (1,400,000 m) of oil, less than half of which was recovered.
722:
was a pioneer in fighting oil well fires and blowouts. He developed many patents and designs for the tools and techniques of oil firefighting. His father, Karl T. Kinley, attempted to extinguish an oil well fire with the help of a massive explosion—a method still in common use for fighting oil fires.
570:
The primary means of detecting a kick while drilling is a relative change in the circulation rate back up to the surface into the mud pits. The drilling crew or mud engineer keeps track of the level in the mud pits and closely monitors the rate of mud returns versus the rate that is being pumped down
518:
column. Should the balance of the drilling mud pressure be incorrect (i.e., the mud pressure gradient is less than the formation pore pressure gradient), then formation fluids (oil, natural gas, and/or water) can begin to flow into the wellbore and up the annulus (the space between the outside of the
909:
into a 6-kilometre (20,000 ft) borehole drilled 25 to 50 metres (82 to 164 ft) away from the original (rapidly leaking) well. A nuclear explosive was deemed necessary because conventional explosives both lacked the necessary power and would also require a great deal more space underground.
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in the Gulf of Mexico in April 2010 occurred at a 5,000 feet (1,500 m) water depth. Current blowout response capabilities in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico meet capture and process rates of 130,000 barrels of fluid per day and a gas handling capacity of 220 million cubic feet per day at depths through
693:
Even with blowout prevention equipment and processes in place, operators must be prepared to respond to a blowout should one occur. Before drilling a well, a detailed well construction design plan, an Oil Spill
Response Plan as well as a Well Containment Plan must be submitted, reviewed and approved
854:
Once lowered and latched on the wellhead, a capping stack uses stored hydraulic pressure to close a hydraulic ram and stop the flow of hydrocarbons. If shutting in the well could introduce unstable geological conditions in the wellbore, a cap and flow procedure would be used to contain hydrocarbons
117:
of oil; additionally, the explosive concussion released by the well when it pierces an oil/gas reservoir has been responsible for a number of oilmen losing their hearing entirely; standing too near to the drilling rig at the moment it drills into the oil reservoir is extremely hazardous. The impact
914:
the surrounding rock. This caused the leak and fire at the surface to cease within approximately one minute of the explosion, and proved to be a permanent solution. An attempt on a similar well was not as successful. Other tests were for such experiments as oil extraction enhancement (Stavropol,
710:
An underground blowout is a special situation where fluids from high pressure zones flow uncontrolled to lower pressure zones within the wellbore. Usually this is from deeper higher pressure zones to shallower lower pressure formations. There may be no escaping fluid flow at the wellhead. However,
489:
beneath the Earth's surface. Because most hydrocarbons are lighter than rock or water, they often migrate upward and occasionally laterally through adjacent rock layers until either reaching the surface or becoming trapped within porous rocks (known as reservoirs) by impermeable rocks above. When
153:
In the modern petroleum industry, uncontrollable wells became known as blowouts and are comparatively rare. There has been significant improvement in technology, well control techniques, and personnel training which has helped to prevent their occurring. From 1976 to 1981, 21 blowout reports are
596:
This effect will be minor if the influx fluid is mainly salt water. And with an oil-based drilling fluid it can be masked in the early stages of controlling a kick because gas influx may dissolve into the oil under pressure at depth, only to come out of solution and expand rather rapidly as the
98:
meant that drillers could not control high-pressure reservoirs. When these high-pressure zones were breached, the oil or natural gas would travel up the well at a high rate, forcing out the drill string and creating a gusher. A well which began as a gusher was said to have "blown in": for
650:
Blowouts will often be ignited from sparks from rocks being ejected, or simply from heat generated by friction. A well control company then will need to extinguish the well fire or cap the well, and replace the casing head and other surface equipment. If the flowing gas contains poisonous
125:
With a roar like a hundred express trains racing across the countryside, the well blew out, spewing oil in all directions. The derrick simply evaporated. Casings wilted like lettuce out of water, as heavy machinery writhed and twisted into grotesque shapes in the blazing
134:
is sufficient to overcome the downhole pressure of a newly penetrated zone meant that gushers became avoidable. If however the fluid density was not adequate or fluids were lost to the formation, then there was still a significant risk of a well blowout.
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Sometimes blowouts can be so forceful that they cannot be directly brought under control from the surface, particularly if there is so much energy in the flowing zone that it does not deplete significantly over time. In such cases, other wells (called
723:
Myron and Karl Kinley first successfully used explosives to extinguish an oil well fire in 1913. Kinley would later form the M. M. Kinley
Company in 1923. Asger "Boots" Hansen and Edward Owen "Coots" Matthews also begin their careers under Kinley.
592:
company). In the process, the influx fluids will be slowly circulated out in a controlled manner, taking care not to allow any gas to accelerate up the wellbore too quickly by controlling casing pressure with chokes on a predetermined schedule.
575:. This does not necessarily result in a kick (and may never become one); however, a drop in the mud level might allow influx of formation fluids from other zones if the hydrostatic head is reduced to less than that of a full column of mud.
118:
on wildlife is very hard to quantify, but can only be estimated to be mild in the most optimistic models—realistically, the ecological impact is estimated by scientists across the ideological spectrum to be severe, profound, and lasting.
490:
hydrocarbons are concentrated in a trap, an oil field forms, from which the liquid can be extracted by drilling and pumping. The downhole pressure in the rock structures changes depending upon the depth and the characteristics of the
690:(BOPs) are the primary safety devices designed to maintain control of geologically driven well pressures. They contain hydraulic-powered cut-off mechanisms to stop the flow of hydrocarbons in the event of a loss of well control.
197:, was Canada's first oil gusher. On January 16, 1862, it shot oil from over 60 metres (200 ft) below ground to above the treetops at a rate of 3,000 barrels (480 m) per day, triggering the oil boom in Lambton County.
211:, US in 1901 flowed at 100,000 barrels (16,000 m) per day at its peak, but soon slowed and was capped within nine days. The well tripled U.S. oil production overnight and marked the start of the Texas oil industry.
349:, Iran, on 26 August 1956. The uncontrolled oil gushed to a height of 52 m (171 ft), at a rate of 120,000 barrels (19,000 m) per day. The gusher was closed after 90 days' work by Bagher Mostofi and
356:
On
October 17, 1982, a sour gas well Amoco Dome Brazeau River, 13-12-48-12, being drilled 20 km west of Lodgepole, Alberta blew out. The burning well was finally capped 67 days later by the Texas well-control company
583:
The first response to detecting a kick would be to isolate the wellbore from the surface by activating the blow-out preventers and closing in the well. Then the drilling crew would attempt to circulate in a heavier
167:, US along Killbuck Creek, when they struck oil. In a written retelling by Eichar's daughter, Eleanor, the strike produced "a spontaneous outburst, which shot up high as the tops of the highest trees!"
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308:
The Yates #30-A in Pecos County, Texas, US gushing 80 feet through the fifteen-inch casing, produced a world record 204,682 barrels of oil a day from a depth of 1,070 feet on 23 September 1929.
843:
In order to regain control of a subsea well, the
Responsible Party would first secure the safety of all personnel on board the rig and then begin a detailed evaluation of the incident site.
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113:
Despite being symbols of new-found wealth, gushers were dangerous and wasteful. They killed workmen involved in drilling, destroyed equipment, and coated the landscape with thousands of
106:
in 1910. These uncapped wells could produce large amounts of oil, often shooting 200 feet (61 m) or higher into the air. A blowout primarily composed of natural gas was known as a
235:
in the State of
Veracruz, Mexico, was a famous 1908 Mexican blowout that formed a large crater. It leaked oil from the main reservoir for many years, continuing even after 1938 (when
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content had led to the gusher being capped only on 27 July 1986. The total volume of erupted material measured at 4.3 million metric tons of oil and 1.7 billion mÂł of
2323:(1st ed.). College Station: Published for the Permian Basin Petroleum Museum Library, and Hall of Fame, Midland, Texas, by Texas A & M University Press. p. 89.
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801:, which starred John Wayne, is about a group of oil well firefighters, based loosely on Adair's life; Adair, Hansen, and Matthews served as technical advisors on the film.
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One of the greatest obstacles they met with when boring was the striking a strong vein of oil, a spontaneous outburst, which shot up high as the tops of the highest trees!
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techniques could be used to regain control of the well. As the technology developed, blowout preventers became standard equipment, and gushers became a thing of the past.
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Prior to the advent of pressure control equipment in the 1920s, the uncontrolled release of oil and gas from a well while drilling was common and was known as an
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2722:"Guidance to Owners and Operators of Offshore Facilities Seaward of the Coast Line Concerning Regional Oil Spill Response Plans (NTL No. 2012-N06)"
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operate within the U.S. Gulf of Mexico waters, while cooperatives like Oil Spill
Response Limited offer support for international operations.
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joined the M. M. Kinley
Company in 1946, and worked 14 years with Myron Kinley before starting his own company, Red Adair Co., Inc., in 1959.
163:
A blowout in 1815 resulted from an attempt to drill for salt rather than for oil. Joseph Eichar and his team were digging west of the town of
647:. In addition to oil, the output of a well blowout might include natural gas, water, drilling fluid, mud, sand, rocks, and other substances.
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2007:
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that after years of burning uncontrollably they were able to stop them entirely. The
Soviets lowered a specially made 30 kiloton nuclear
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To complicate matters further, the free flowing oil was—and is—in danger of igniting. One dramatic account of a blowout and fire reads,
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the formation(s) receiving the influx can become overpressured, a possibility that future drilling plans in the vicinity must consider.
3808:
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851:(BOP) and other subsea well equipment. The debris removal process would begin immediately to provide clear access for a capping stack.
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2280:
2037:
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Flow Rate
Technical Group has placed the estimate at between 35,000 to 60,000 barrels (5,600 to 9,500 m) of crude oil per day.
2557:
597:
influx nears the surface. Once all the contaminant has been circulated out, the shut-in casing pressure should have reached zero.
4175:
3134:
2976:"813 F2d 679 Incident Aboard D/b Ocean King on August Cities Service Company v. Ocean Drilling & Exploration Co Getty Oil Co"
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When the device was detonated, it crushed the original pipe that was carrying the gas from the deep reservoir to the surface and
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The two main causes of a subsea blowout are equipment failures and imbalances with encountered subsurface reservoir pressure.
285:, in December 1922 flowed at around 100,000 barrels (16,000 m) per day for nine days, plus a large amount of natural gas.
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2920:
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380:, where the 4,209-metre deep well blew out and the 200-metre high gusher self-ignited two days later. Oil pressure up to 800
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2189:
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2805:"Memoranda of Agreement Between the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement and U.S. Coast Guard (MOA: OCS-03)"
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to oversee response efforts, including source control, recovering discharged oil and mitigating environmental impact.
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In 1994, Adair retired and sold his company to Global
Industries. Management of Adair's company left and created
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1985:
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2596:. US Department of the Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement. Archived from
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wells have pressure control equipment located on the seabed or between the riser pipe and drilling platform.
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by BSEE and is contingent upon access to adequate well containment resources in accordance to NTL 2010-N10.
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Capping stacks are used for controlling blowouts. The cap is an open valve that is closed after bolted on.
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Connection gases, high background gas units, and high bottoms-up gas units detected in the mudlogging unit.
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during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. During that era, the simple drilling techniques, such as
59:
intended to prevent such an occurrence. An accidental spark during a blowout can lead to a catastrophic
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Blowout and fire in Campos Basin, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, no fatality, platform entirely destroyed.
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655:, the oil operator might decide to ignite the stream to convert this to less hazardous substances.
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could be closed in the event of drilling into a high pressure zone, and the well fluids contained.
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http://www.propuestas.reacciun.ve/Servidor_Tematico_Petroleo/documentos_articulos6.html#petroleo7
2015:
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Several not-for-profit organizations provide a solution to effectively contain a subsea blowout.
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or crude oil is a naturally occurring, flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of
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The downhole fluid pressures are controlled in modern wells through the balancing of the
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out of the well, and the force of the escaping fluid can be strong enough to damage the
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History of Wayne County, Ohio, from the Days of the First Settlers to the Present Time
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2232:"May 26 – Today in Science History – Scientists born on May 26th, died, and events"
1918:
809:
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417:
385:
358:
3131:"Usumacinta and Kab 101 Blowout – Oil Rig Disasters – Offshore Drilling Accidents"
2924:
2921:"IXTOC I Blowout and Sedco 135F – Oil Rig Disasters – Offshore Drilling Accidents"
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One of the most troublesome gushers happened on 23 June 1985, at well #37 at the
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208:
100:
87:
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2634:"HWCG Expands Capabilities to Minimize Potential Impact of a Deepwater Incident"
2320:
Oil in West Texas and New Mexico : a pictorial history of the Permian Basin
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3833:
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3452:
3002:"Santa Fe al Baz Blowout – Oil Rig Disasters – Offshore Drilling Accidents"
2895:"Worst Offshore Blowouts – Oil Rig Disasters – Offshore Drilling Accidents"
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1908:
1898:
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Blowout and fire on the rig, subsea well blowout, killed 11 in explosion.
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Blowout and fire in Campos Basin, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 37 fatalities.
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to increase the hydrostatic pressure (sometimes with the assistance of a
572:
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491:
389:
289:
224:
44:
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321:, US in 1930 flowed at a rate of 72,000 barrels (11,400 m) per day.
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898:
528:
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The development of rotary drilling techniques where the density of the
114:
24:
2438:. Vol. 82, no. 715. The St. Petersburg Times. Archived from
2220:. Retrieved October 18, 2009., Texas State Historical Association
732:
Red Adair Co. has helped in controlling offshore blowouts, including:
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3079:"Arabdrill 19 AD19 – Oil Rig Disasters – Offshore Drilling Accidents"
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847:(ROVs) would be dispatched to inspect the condition of the wellhead,
777:
726:
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282:
40:
3208:
San Joaquin Geological Society article on famous Californian gushers
3053:"Ensco 51 Blowout – Oil Rig Disasters – Offshore Drilling Accidents"
2164:
2120:. Indianapolis, Ind.: Robert Douglass, publisher. pp. 233–235.
1981:
485:
of various molecular weights, and other organic compounds, found in
305:, erupted at a rate of 95,000 barrels (15,100 m) a day in 1927.
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3105:"GSF Adriatic IV – Oil Rig Disasters – Offshore Drilling Accidents"
3027:"Actinia Blowout – Oil Rig Disasters – Offshore Drilling Accidents"
1913:
1793:
915:
1969) and the creation of gas storage reservoirs (Orenburg, 1970).
870:
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628:
143:
52:
48:
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Early warning signs of an impending well kick while drilling are:
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2823:"Deepwater Horizon Spurs Development of Spill Prevention Systems"
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1398:
894:
612:
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Returning mud "cut" by (i.e., contaminated by) gas, oil or water;
499:
278:
2731:. Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement. Archived from
1961:'All About Blowout', R. Westergaard, Norwegian Oil Review, 1987
182:(4,000 barrels (640 m) per day) in September 1861, and the
16:
Uncontrolled release of crude oil and/or natural gas from a well
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4529:
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1864:
Blowout and fire on the rig, collapsed, killed 2 in explosion.
683:
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409:
369:
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19:
2783:"How Does Subsea Well Containment and Incident Response Work?"
2550:"How Does Subsea Well Containment and Incident Response Work?"
55:
after pressure control systems have failed. Modern wells have
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2612:"Macondo Prospect, Gulf of Mexico, United States of America"
2008:"Gulf Oil Spill: Scientists Escalate Environmental Warnings"
223:, in 1908 marked the first major oil strike recorded in the
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3823:
1577:
Shallow gas blowout and fire in Norwegian sea, 1 fatality.
397:
298:
220:
2946:"Matter of Sedco, Inc., 543 F. Supp. 561 (S.D. Tex. 1982)"
619:
Well blowouts can occur during the drilling phase, during
412:
blowout in U.S. history occurred on 20 April 2010, in the
4484:
4350:
4123:
3221:"Blowout Control, Part 10 – Surface Intervention Methods"
2503:"Blowout Control, Part 10 – Surface Intervention Methods"
392:, and the burning gusher resulted in 890 tons of various
346:
474:) retains upward-flowing petroleum, forming a reservoir.
4113:
1757:
Blowout and fire at Temsah platform, Mediterranean Sea
994:
Blowout in Gulf of Mexico, vessel capsized, 22 killed.
559:
Other warning signs during the drilling operation are:
431:
186:(3,000 barrels (480 m) per day) in December 1861.
1881:
Blowout and prolonged sour gas release, no injuries.
270:, one of the most productive oil fields in the world.
4714:
International Association of Oil & Gas Producers
2461:"Oil estimate raised to 35,000–60,000 barrels a day"
2381:. Easttexasoilmuseum.com. 1930-10-03. Archived from
2379:"East Texas Oil Museum at Kilgore College – History"
1723:
Gas blowout and fire, Gulf of Mexico, no casualties
812:, which was founded by Hansen and Matthews in 1978.
142:
was brought to market. The BOP valve affixed to the
2667:"Boots & Coots International Well Control, Inc"
2209: Wooster, Robert; Sanders, Christine Moor:
1801:Blowout and fire on rig and platform in Australia.
1670:Shallow gas blowout and fire in Nigeria, 5 killed.
676:
Macondo-1 well blowout on the Deepwater Horizon rig
523:and the wall of the open hole or the inside of the
420:oil field. The blowout caused the explosion of the
2150:(Oil City, Penn.: Derrick Publishing, 1898) 20–24.
1776:Storm forced rig to move, causing well blowout on
889:experienced blowouts on five natural gas wells in
858:The Responsible Party works in collaboration with
832:diagram showing subsea well containment operations
810:Boots & Coots International Well Control, Inc.
2316:
918:
4763:
2433:
1740:Structural collapse, blowout, fire and sinking.
815:
2354:"Full steam ahead for BC offshore oil drilling"
2203:
855:and safely transport them to a surface vessel.
426:, a mobile offshore drilling platform owned by
2968:
1507:Blowout and fire in Gulf of Mexico, 5 killed.
3249:
2758:Society of Petroleum Engineers: The Way Ahead
2436:"Kazakhstan Field's Riches Come With a Price"
2257:"The City of Signal Hill – Official Web Site"
438:is unknown, as of June 3, 2010, the
170:Oil drillers struck a number of gushers near
2868:"An Atomic Bomb will stop the Gulf Oil Leak"
2748:
2163:. The Village of Oil Springs. Archived from
880:
714:
2865:
2833:
2492:, p. 42. Gulf Professional Publishing, 2003
1843:Blowout and fire, 13 survivors, 1 injured.
808:(IWC). In 1997, they would buy the company
330:gusher in 1930 marked the discovery of the
3256:
3242:
2749:Madrid, Mauricio; Matson, Anthony (2014).
2527:"Wild Oil Well Tamed by Scientific Trick"
2403:Norris Mcwhirter; Donald McFarlan (1989).
2105:
1976:
1974:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1594:Gas blowout and capsize in S. China seas.
838:Macondo-1 blowout on the Deepwater Horizon
820:
2912:
2453:
1689:fire and explosion. Returned to service.
1611:Oil and gas blowout Dubai, 3 fatalities.
266:, US in 1921 marked the discovery of the
2660:
2658:
1636:and fire in the UK North Sea, 1 killed.
824:
670:
607:
461:
18:
4176:China National Offshore Oil Corporation
3185:New oil rig explosion in Gulf of Mexico
2978:. OpenJurist. 1987-04-01. p. 679.
2859:
2829:from the original on September 8, 2015.
2351:
1999:
1971:
1946:
960:Blowout and fire. Returned to service.
705:
535:. Ideally, mechanical barriers such as
470:) in a layer of impermeable rocks (the
466:A petroleum trap. An irregularity (the
239:nationalized the Mexican oil industry).
4764:
4050:Unconventional (oil and gas) reservoir
3809:2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war
3263:
2664:Boots & Coots History Page :
1363:Blowout and fire in the Persion Gulf.
174:, US in 1861. The most famous was the
3237:
2655:
2574:. United States Department of Labor.
2229:
2005:
1168:Blowout and fire off Peru, 7 killed.
845:Remotely operated underwater vehicles
555:Change in drilling fluid return rate.
451:
4181:China National Petroleum Corporation
2874:from the original on 7 November 2017
2356:. Energybulletin.net. Archived from
2148:The Derrick's Hand-Book of Petroleum
1541:Blowout and fire in Gulf of Mexico.
1397:Blowout and fire in Bay of Campeche
603:
446:
2956:from the original on 7 October 2017
1454:Blowout in Persian Gulf, 5 killed.
1306:Damage while drilling relief well.
893:, an area about 80 kilometers from
634:
13:
4241:National Iranian South Oil Company
3957:Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin
3029:. Home.versatel.nl. Archived from
2751:"How Offshore Capping Stacks Work"
666:
434:at the time of the blowout. While
157:
14:
4793:
4709:Intercontinental Exchange Futures
4598:Chicago Bridge & Iron Company
4251:Oil & Gas Development Company
3201:
3102:Oil Rig Disasters Website :
3076:Oil Rig Disasters Website :
3050:Oil Rig Disasters website :
2918:Oil Rig Disasters Website :
2490:Blowout and Well Control Handbook
2406:the Guinness Book of Records 1990
2063:"Ending Oil Gushers – BOP |"
2038:"Hughes McKie Oil Well Explosion"
1202:Blowout and capsize in Java Sea.
505:
4746:
4745:
2793:from the original on 2015-09-09.
2771:from the original on 2015-11-29.
2622:from the original on 2012-04-26.
2578:from the original on 2015-06-30.
2560:from the original on 2015-04-18.
2423:from the original on 2018-05-03.
2111:
1236:Blowout off Trinidad, 3 killed.
923:Data from industry information.
830:Government Accountability Office
4256:Oil and Natural Gas Corporation
3178:
3159:
3148:
3137:from the original on 2014-10-11
3122:
3096:
3070:
3044:
3019:
2993:
2982:from the original on 2016-03-03
2938:
2886:
2815:
2797:
2775:
2742:
2714:
2684:
2626:
2604:
2582:
2564:
2542:
2520:
2509:from the original on 2016-02-03
2495:
2482:
2471:from the original on 2010-06-16
2434:Christopher Pala (2001-10-23).
2427:
2396:
2371:
2345:
2310:
2285:
2274:
2249:
2238:from the original on 2015-05-29
2223:
2192:from the original on 2016-02-02
2178:
2094:from the original on 2010-12-26
2069:from the original on 2016-01-31
2044:from the original on 2008-02-25
1988:from the original on 2006-10-19
1030:Destroyed by blowout and fire.
875:Marine Well Containment Company
627:, during production, or during
578:
546:Sudden change in drilling rate;
440:United States Geological Survey
436:the exact volume of oil spilled
39:is the uncontrolled release of
4724:Society of Petroleum Engineers
4495:Port Harcourt Refining Company
4161:Abu Dhabi National Oil Company
2153:
2141:
2080:
2055:
2030:
1488:Blowout in Red Sea, 2 killed.
1346:Blowout during well workover.
1325:Blowout and fire in North Sea
919:Notable offshore well blowouts
699:Deepwater Horizon well blowout
549:Reduction in drillpipe weight;
396:and more than 900,000 tons of
334:, the largest oilfield in the
1:
3670:Production sharing agreements
3166:September 2 oil rig explosion
2572:"Drilling Blowout Preventers"
1939:
1644:Plataforma Central de Enchova
1549:Plataforma Central de Enchova
1420:Blowout and fire of Nigeria.
1219:Blowout in Gulf of Martaban.
816:Methods of quenching blowouts
400:released into the atmosphere.
138:In 1924 the first successful
4704:Canadian petroleum companies
4699:American Petroleum Institute
4236:National Iranian Oil Company
4221:Kuwait Petroleum Corporation
2999:Rig Disaster Website :
2892:Rig disaster Website :
2040:. Rootsweb.com. 1923-05-08.
1706:Sub-sea blowout in Vietnam.
1047:Blowout and fire, killed 7.
531:. This is commonly called a
7:
4719:International Energy Agency
3704:Enhanced oil recovery (EOR)
2866:CineGraphic (4 July 2009).
2825:. Rigzone. April 20, 2011.
2807:. BSEE/USCG. Archived from
2409:. Guinness Publishing Ltd.
2352:Whipple, Tom (2005-03-15).
2006:Walsh, Bryan (2010-05-19).
1887:
1270:Blowout in Gulf of Mexico.
405:Deepwater Horizon explosion
10:
4798:
4306:PTT Public Company Limited
3907:East Midlands Oil Province
3892:List of natural gas fields
3492:Integrated asset modelling
3128:Usumacinta website :
2317:Rundell, Walter.p (1982).
1524:Blowout in Gulf of Mexico
1471:Blowout of Hainan Island.
1465:People's Republic of China
1380:Blowout in Gulf of Mexico
1185:Blowout in Gulf of Mexico
1100:Blowout in Gulf of Mexico
806:International Well Control
455:
301:, an oilfield known since
81:
4741:
4691:
4678:Weatherford International
4557:
4407:
4359:
4211:Iraq National Oil Company
4147:
4104:
4089:
4080:
3965:
3882:
3764:
3650:
3544:
3472:
3415:
3374:
3367:
3289:
3271:
1625:Diamond Offshore Drilling
1253:Lost BOP during blowout.
1117:Blowout and fire damage.
977:Blowout and fire damage.
881:Use of nuclear explosions
864:United States Coast Guard
748:Devil's Cigarette Lighter
715:Blowout control companies
176:Little & Merrick well
2090:. Asme.org. 1905-03-10.
1437:Gas escape caught fire.
1134:Blowout (S. China Seas)
795:The 1968 American film,
552:Change in pump pressure;
336:contiguous United States
258:A short-lived gusher at
86:Gushers were an icon of
4729:World Petroleum Council
4603:China Oilfield Services
3660:Petroleum fiscal regime
3359:Western Canadian Select
3354:West Texas Intermediate
821:Subsea Well Containment
639:Blowouts can eject the
345:' oil gusher blew near
319:Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
264:Signal Hill, California
253:Kern County, California
249:Midway-Sunset Oil Field
4206:Indian Oil Corporation
3692:Submersible pump (ESP)
3637:Underbalanced drilling
3458:of gasoline and diesel
2112:Douglass, Ben (1878).
1934:Underbalanced drilling
1013:Destroyed by blowout.
885:On Sep. 30, 1966, the
833:
679:
616:
475:
172:Oil City, Pennsylvania
128:
32:
4583:Cameron International
4025:Petrodollar recycling
4008:fossil fuel phase-out
3571:Differential sticking
3524:Reflection seismology
3497:Petroleum engineering
3339:OPEC Reference Basket
2845:Komsomoloskaya Pravda
2088:"Engineering History"
1780:platform, 22 killed.
957:Sub Recessed pontoons
903:Komsomoloskaya Pravda
828:
674:
611:
527:), and/or inside the
465:
123:
22:
4480:Occidental Petroleum
3794:1990 oil price shock
3620:Shale oil extraction
3593:Drilling engineering
3576:Directional drilling
3502:Reservoir simulation
2882:– via YouTube.
1789:West Atlas / Montara
1734:Arabian Drilling Co.
901:. It was claimed in
706:Underground blowouts
512:hydrostatic pressure
332:East Texas Oil Field
268:Long Beach Oil Field
195:Oil Springs, Ontario
23:The Lucas Gusher at
4628:Naftiran Intertrade
4573:Amec Foster Wheeler
4500:Reliance Industries
4389:Naftiran Intertrade
4201:Hindustan Petroleum
3799:2000s energy crisis
2616:Offshore Technology
2211:Spindletop Oilfield
1831:Vermilion Block 380
1448:Reading & Bates
1300:Reading & Bates
1264:Marine Drilling Co.
1213:Transworld Drilling
1196:Reading & Bates
1179:Marine Drilling Co.
988:Reading & Bates
971:Reading & Bates
953:Chevron Corporation
727:Paul N. "Red" Adair
487:geologic formations
458:Petroleum formation
430:and under lease to
341:The largest known '
92:cable-tool drilling
4475:Marathon Petroleum
3897:List of oil fields
3507:Reservoir modeling
3265:Petroleum industry
3213:2016-02-02 at the
3190:2010-09-05 at the
3171:2010-09-03 at the
2841:"Google Translate"
2590:"NTL No. 2010-N10"
2536:2018-05-03 at the
2234:. Todayinsci.com.
1904:List of oil spills
1857:KS Energy Services
1339:Phillips Petroleum
1151:Blowout and fire.
834:
754:, Algeria, in the
688:Blowout preventers
680:
617:
537:blowout preventers
476:
452:Reservoir pressure
96:blowout preventers
94:, and the lack of
57:blowout preventers
33:
4777:Petroleum geology
4759:
4758:
4737:
4736:
4623:Nabors Industries
4553:
4552:
3751:Well intervention
3726:Petroleum product
3625:Ljungström method
3529:Seismic inversion
3514:Petroleum geology
3468:
3467:
2529:Popular Mechanics
2416:978-0-85112-341-7
2216:Handbook of Texas
2161:"The Shaw Gusher"
1929:Petroleum geology
1885:
1884:
1810:Deepwater Horizon
1798:Jackup / Platform
1247:Santa Fe Drilling
1230:Santa Fe Drilling
1089:Rimrick Tidelands
1006:Royal Dutch Shell
941:Damage / details
849:Blowout Preventer
785:Kuwaiti oil fires
763:Ixtoc I oil spill
604:Types of blowouts
447:Cause of blowouts
423:Deepwater Horizon
359:Boots & Coots
140:blowout preventer
4789:
4749:
4748:
4450:Hess Corporation
4171:Bharat Petroleum
4102:
4101:
4087:
4086:
3774:1967 Oil Embargo
3610:Lost circulation
3448:Posted oil price
3372:
3371:
3329:Isthmus-34 Light
3258:
3251:
3244:
3235:
3234:
3230:
3228:
3227:
3195:
3182:
3176:
3163:
3157:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3107:. Archived from
3100:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3081:. Archived from
3074:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3055:. Archived from
3048:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3023:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3013:
3004:. Archived from
2997:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2987:
2972:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2932:
2923:. Archived from
2916:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2897:. Archived from
2890:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2837:
2831:
2830:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2755:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2726:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2698:. Archived from
2696:www.redadair.com
2688:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2669:. Archived from
2662:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2640:. Archived from
2630:
2624:
2623:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2546:
2540:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2499:
2493:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2365:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2295:. Archived from
2289:
2283:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2259:. Archived from
2253:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2227:
2221:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2188:. www.sjgs.com.
2182:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2157:
2151:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2132:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2018:on June 29, 2010
2014:. Archived from
2003:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1984:. www.sjgs.com.
1978:
1969:
1959:
1919:Oil well control
1819:Semi-submersible
1703:Semi-submersible
1629:Semi-submersible
1574:Semi-submersible
1417:Semi-submersible
1394:Semi-submersible
1250:Semi-submersible
1078:Semi-submersible
926:
925:
776:disaster in the
653:hydrogen sulfide
635:Surface blowouts
615:oil well blowout
514:provided by the
418:Macondo Prospect
386:hydrogen sulfide
260:Alamitos #1
4797:
4796:
4792:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4787:
4786:
4762:
4761:
4760:
4755:
4733:
4687:
4683:John Wood Group
4673:Valaris Limited
4566:
4563:
4560:
4549:
4415:APA Corporation
4403:
4355:
4154:
4151:
4143:
4098:
4095:
4092:
4082:
4076:
3977:Classification
3961:
3884:
3878:
3814:Nationalization
3784:1979 oil crisis
3779:1973 oil crisis
3760:
3746:Water injection
3714:Steam injection
3709:Gas reinjection
3677:Artificial lift
3646:
3588:Drill stem test
3540:
3464:
3411:
3363:
3285:
3267:
3262:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3215:Wayback Machine
3204:
3199:
3198:
3192:Wayback Machine
3183:
3179:
3173:Wayback Machine
3164:
3160:
3153:
3149:
3140:
3138:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3114:
3112:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3088:
3086:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3062:
3060:
3051:
3049:
3045:
3036:
3034:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3011:
3009:
3000:
2998:
2994:
2985:
2983:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2959:
2957:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2930:
2928:
2919:
2917:
2913:
2904:
2902:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2877:
2875:
2864:
2860:
2850:
2848:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2768:
2753:
2747:
2743:
2735:
2724:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2705:
2703:
2702:on 17 July 2008
2690:
2689:
2685:
2676:
2674:
2665:
2663:
2656:
2647:
2645:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2610:
2609:
2605:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2538:Wayback Machine
2525:
2521:
2512:
2510:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2487:
2483:
2474:
2472:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2445:
2443:
2432:
2428:
2417:
2401:
2397:
2388:
2386:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2363:
2361:
2350:
2346:
2331:
2315:
2311:
2302:
2300:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2279:
2275:
2266:
2264:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2241:
2239:
2228:
2224:
2208:
2204:
2195:
2193:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2170:
2168:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2146:
2142:
2130:
2128:
2110:
2106:
2097:
2095:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2072:
2070:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2047:
2045:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2021:
2019:
2004:
2000:
1991:
1989:
1980:
1979:
1972:
1960:
1947:
1942:
1890:
1872:Elgin platform
1751:Global Santa Fe
1678:M. Naqib Khalid
1632:Gas blowout at
1605:Atwood Oceanics
1535:Penrod Drilling
1518:Marlin Drilling
1482:Maersk Drilling
1318:Maersk Drilling
1314:Maersk Explorer
1145:Atwood Oceanics
1081:Blowout damage
921:
907:physics package
883:
823:
818:
767:Bay of Campeche
720:Myron M. Kinley
717:
708:
678:, 21 April 2010
669:
667:Subsea blowouts
637:
606:
581:
508:
460:
454:
449:
314:Wild Mary Sudik
244:Lakeview Gusher
216:Masjed Soleiman
209:Beaumont, Texas
160:
158:Notable gushers
108:gas gusher
101:Lakeview Gusher
88:oil exploration
84:
61:oil or gas fire
17:
12:
11:
5:
4795:
4785:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4753:
4742:
4739:
4738:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4695:
4693:
4689:
4688:
4686:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4569:
4567:
4558:
4555:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4520:Surgutneftegas
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4440:Eneos Holdings
4437:
4432:
4430:ConocoPhillips
4427:
4422:
4420:Cenovus Energy
4417:
4411:
4409:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4365:
4363:
4361:Energy trading
4357:
4356:
4354:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4157:
4155:
4148:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4110:
4108:
4099:
4090:
4084:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4047:
4045:Swing producer
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4016:
4015:
4010:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3989:
3988:
3983:
3975:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3917:Gulf of Mexico
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3888:
3886:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3804:2010s oil glut
3801:
3796:
3791:
3789:1980s oil glut
3786:
3781:
3776:
3770:
3768:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3717:
3716:
3711:
3701:
3696:
3695:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3674:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3656:
3654:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3628:
3627:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3598:Drilling fluid
3595:
3590:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3573:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3556:
3550:
3548:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3536:Seismic source
3533:
3532:
3531:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3478:
3476:
3470:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3419:
3417:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3378:
3376:
3369:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3334:Japan Cocktail
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3295:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3281:Primary energy
3278:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3261:
3260:
3253:
3246:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3217:
3203:
3202:External links
3200:
3197:
3196:
3177:
3158:
3147:
3121:
3095:
3069:
3043:
3018:
2992:
2967:
2937:
2911:
2885:
2858:
2832:
2814:
2811:on 2015-04-25.
2796:
2774:
2741:
2738:on 2016-03-05.
2713:
2692:"redadair.com"
2683:
2654:
2625:
2603:
2600:on 2015-09-30.
2581:
2563:
2541:
2519:
2494:
2481:
2467:. 2010-06-15.
2452:
2426:
2415:
2395:
2370:
2344:
2329:
2309:
2284:
2273:
2248:
2222:
2202:
2186:"www.sjgs.com"
2177:
2152:
2140:
2104:
2079:
2054:
2029:
1998:
1982:"www.sjgs.com"
1970:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1894:Drilling fluid
1889:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1836:Mariner Energy
1833:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1791:
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1715:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1686:Naqib Drilling
1684:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1655:
1654:
1651:
1650:fixed platform
1648:
1645:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1630:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1567:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1555:fixed platform
1553:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1497:
1494:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1479:Maersk Endurer
1477:
1473:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1456:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1428:Discoverer 534
1426:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1414:Sedco Drilling
1412:
1407:
1403:
1402:
1395:
1392:
1391:Sedco Drilling
1389:
1386:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1374:Salen Offshore
1372:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1162:Floor Drilling
1160:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1125:Discoverer III
1123:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1111:Storm Drilling
1109:
1108:Stormdrill III
1106:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1061:Drilling barge
1059:
1058:Floor drilling
1056:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1003:
1000:
996:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
979:
978:
975:
972:
969:
968:C. T. Thornton
966:
962:
961:
958:
955:
950:
947:
943:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
920:
917:
882:
879:
822:
819:
817:
814:
793:
792:
787:following the
781:
770:
759:
744:
741:Gulf of Mexico
716:
713:
707:
704:
668:
665:
636:
633:
623:, during well
605:
602:
580:
577:
568:
567:
564:
557:
556:
553:
550:
547:
507:
506:Formation kick
504:
453:
450:
448:
445:
444:
443:
414:Gulf of Mexico
408:: The largest
401:
362:
354:
339:
327:Daisy Bradford
322:
309:
306:
286:
275:Barroso 2
271:
256:
240:
228:
212:
198:
187:
168:
159:
156:
132:drilling fluid
99:instance, the
83:
80:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4794:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4769:
4767:
4752:
4744:
4743:
4740:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4690:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
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4631:
4629:
4626:
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4616:
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4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4556:
4546:
4545:Valero Energy
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4510:Suncor Energy
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4406:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4362:
4358:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4146:
4140:
4139:TotalEnergies
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4103:
4100:
4097:
4088:
4085:
4083:organisations
4081:Companies and
4079:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4020:Petrocurrency
4018:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4005:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3993:Oil shale gas
3991:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3974:
3973:Abbreviations
3971:
3970:
3968:
3964:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3932:Permian Basin
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3881:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3869:United States
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3829:Seven Sisters
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3767:
3763:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3678:
3675:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3653:
3649:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3543:
3537:
3534:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3482:Core sampling
3480:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3471:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3414:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3370:
3366:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3319:Indian Basket
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3288:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3266:
3259:
3254:
3252:
3247:
3245:
3240:
3239:
3236:
3222:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3193:
3189:
3186:
3181:
3174:
3170:
3167:
3162:
3156:
3151:
3136:
3132:
3125:
3111:on 2010-12-04
3110:
3106:
3099:
3085:on 2010-12-04
3084:
3080:
3073:
3059:on 2010-06-19
3058:
3054:
3047:
3033:on 2016-03-03
3032:
3028:
3022:
3008:on 2010-12-04
3007:
3003:
2996:
2981:
2977:
2971:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2941:
2927:on 2010-12-03
2926:
2922:
2915:
2901:on 2014-12-28
2900:
2896:
2889:
2873:
2869:
2862:
2846:
2842:
2836:
2828:
2824:
2818:
2810:
2806:
2800:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2752:
2745:
2734:
2730:
2723:
2717:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2687:
2673:on 2010-05-26
2672:
2668:
2661:
2659:
2644:on 2016-03-04
2643:
2639:
2635:
2629:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2607:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2585:
2577:
2573:
2567:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2545:
2539:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2523:
2508:
2504:
2498:
2491:
2485:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2456:
2442:on 2013-12-28
2441:
2437:
2430:
2422:
2418:
2412:
2408:
2407:
2399:
2385:on 2016-02-08
2384:
2380:
2374:
2360:on 2008-01-20
2359:
2355:
2348:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2330:0-89096-125-5
2326:
2322:
2321:
2313:
2299:on 2009-05-24
2298:
2294:
2288:
2282:
2277:
2263:on 2007-09-29
2262:
2258:
2252:
2237:
2233:
2226:
2219:
2217:
2212:
2206:
2191:
2187:
2181:
2167:on 2009-12-06
2166:
2162:
2156:
2149:
2144:
2137:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2114:"Chapter XVI"
2108:
2093:
2089:
2083:
2068:
2065:. Aoghs.org.
2064:
2058:
2043:
2039:
2033:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2002:
1987:
1983:
1977:
1975:
1968:
1967:82-991533-0-1
1964:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1945:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1924:Oil well fire
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1620:Ocean Odyssey
1618:
1615:
1614:
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1568:
1566:West Vanguard
1565:
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1445:Ron Tappmeyer
1444:
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1373:
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1367:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1357:Scan Drilling
1356:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1334:Ekofisk Bravo
1332:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1321:
1319:
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1313:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1299:
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1288:
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1283:
1280:
1278:Petrobras III
1277:
1274:
1273:
1269:
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799:
790:
786:
782:
779:
775:
771:
768:
764:
760:
757:
756:Sahara Desert
753:
750:" in 1962 in
749:
745:
742:
738:
735:
734:
733:
730:
728:
724:
721:
712:
703:
702:10,000 feet.
700:
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185:
184:Woodford well
181:
177:
173:
169:
166:
165:Wooster, Ohio
162:
161:
155:
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149:
145:
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136:
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62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
30:
26:
21:
4648:Schlumberger
4578:Baker Hughes
4470:Marathon Oil
4460:Imperial Oil
4455:Husky Energy
4445:Galp Energia
4435:Devon Energy
4321:Saudi Aramco
4301:Petrovietnam
4246:NNPC Limited
4150:National oil
4030:Petrofiction
3998:Orphan wells
3966:Other topics
3937:Persian Gulf
3864:Saudi Arabia
3834:Standard Oil
3642:Well logging
3553:
3519:Petrophysics
3224:. Retrieved
3180:
3161:
3150:
3139:. Retrieved
3124:
3113:. Retrieved
3109:the original
3098:
3087:. Retrieved
3083:the original
3072:
3061:. Retrieved
3057:the original
3046:
3035:. Retrieved
3031:the original
3021:
3010:. Retrieved
3006:the original
2995:
2984:. Retrieved
2970:
2958:. Retrieved
2949:
2940:
2929:. Retrieved
2925:the original
2914:
2903:. Retrieved
2899:the original
2888:
2876:. Retrieved
2861:
2849:. Retrieved
2847:. 3 May 2010
2844:
2835:
2817:
2809:the original
2799:
2786:
2777:
2761:
2757:
2744:
2733:the original
2728:
2716:
2704:. Retrieved
2700:the original
2695:
2686:
2675:. Retrieved
2671:the original
2646:. Retrieved
2642:the original
2637:
2628:
2615:
2606:
2598:the original
2593:
2584:
2566:
2553:
2544:
2528:
2522:
2511:. Retrieved
2505:. Jwco.com.
2497:
2489:
2484:
2473:. Retrieved
2464:
2455:
2444:. Retrieved
2440:the original
2429:
2405:
2398:
2387:. Retrieved
2383:the original
2373:
2362:. Retrieved
2358:the original
2347:
2319:
2312:
2301:. Retrieved
2297:the original
2293:"Paragraphs"
2287:
2276:
2265:. Retrieved
2261:the original
2251:
2240:. Retrieved
2225:
2214:
2205:
2194:. Retrieved
2180:
2169:. Retrieved
2165:the original
2155:
2147:
2143:
2135:
2129:. Retrieved
2117:
2107:
2096:. Retrieved
2082:
2071:. Retrieved
2057:
2046:. Retrieved
2032:
2020:. Retrieved
2016:the original
2011:
2001:
1990:. Retrieved
1909:Oil platform
1899:Drilling rig
1852:KS Endeavour
1731:Arabdrill 19
1431:Offshore Co.
1371:Salenergy II
1128:Offshore Co.
922:
902:
887:Soviet Union
884:
868:
857:
853:
842:
835:
803:
798:Hellfighters
796:
794:
765:in Mexico's
731:
725:
718:
709:
696:
692:
681:
661:relief wells
657:
649:
645:drilling rig
641:drill string
638:
631:activities.
621:well testing
618:
599:
595:
590:well control
585:
582:
579:Well control
569:
558:
541:
532:
521:drill string
509:
483:hydrocarbons
477:
471:
467:
421:
403:
378:Soviet Union
366:Tengiz field
351:Myron Kinley
325:
312:
288:
274:
259:
242:
230:
214:
201:Lucas Gusher
200:
190:
183:
179:
175:
152:
148:Well control
137:
129:
124:
120:
112:
107:
104:blew in
103:
85:
75:
71:
67:
65:
36:
34:
4618:Halliburton
4490:Phillips 66
4311:QatarEnergy
4281:Petrobangla
4216:KazMunayGas
4106:Supermajors
4055:heavy crude
3942:Prudhoe Bay
3922:Niger Delta
3902:Caspian Sea
3665:Concessions
3615:Measurement
3581:Geosteering
3564:Squeeze job
3474:Exploration
3423:Consumption
3382:Consumption
3375:Natural gas
3304:Bonny Light
2789:. Rigzone.
2787:Rigzone.com
2531:, July 1934
2230:Ian Ellis.
1748:Adriatic IV
1538:Submersible
1261:J. Storm II
1193:M. G. Hulme
1176:J. Storm II
1165:Drill barge
1148:Drill barge
1097:Submersible
991:Drill barge
985:C. P. Baker
774:Piper Alpha
752:Gassi Touil
573:casing shoe
496:Natural gas
492:source rock
390:natural gas
290:Baba Gurgur
225:Middle East
191:Shaw Gusher
180:Phillips #2
154:available.
45:natural gas
4772:Oil spills
4766:Categories
4668:Transocean
4535:Tullow Oil
4525:TechnipFMC
4291:PetroChina
4129:ExxonMobil
4035:Shale band
3912:East Texas
3885:and fields
3699:Downstream
3652:Production
3559:Completion
3487:Geophysics
3428:Production
3387:Production
3324:Indonesian
3299:Argus Sour
3291:Benchmarks
3226:2010-06-19
3141:2014-10-11
3115:2010-05-23
3089:2010-09-21
3063:2010-05-29
3037:2016-01-30
3012:2010-05-23
2986:2016-01-30
2950:justia.com
2931:2010-05-23
2905:2013-04-05
2677:2010-05-21
2648:2015-09-09
2513:2016-01-30
2488:Grace, R:
2475:2010-06-15
2446:2009-10-12
2389:2016-01-30
2364:2016-01-30
2303:2010-05-18
2267:2010-05-18
2242:2016-01-30
2196:2016-01-30
2171:2011-02-23
2131:2013-07-16
2098:2016-01-30
2073:2016-01-30
2048:2016-01-30
1992:2016-01-30
1940:References
1815:Transocean
1765:Usumacinta
1700:Transocean
1585:Petromar V
1496:Ocean King
1410:Sedco 135C
1297:W. D. Kent
1244:Mariner II
1072:Sedco 135G
1055:Wodeco III
1038:Little Bob
899:Uzbekistan
891:Urta-Bulak
836:After the
737:CATCO fire
625:completion
586:kill fluid
529:drill pipe
456:See also:
428:Transocean
410:underwater
394:mercaptans
374:Kazakh SSR
317:gusher in
205:Spindletop
68:oil gusher
25:Spindletop
4782:Oil wells
4663:TC Energy
4564:companies
4394:Trafigura
4341:Sonatrach
4286:Petrobras
4276:Pertamina
4186:Ecopetrol
4152:companies
4096:companies
4094:petroleum
4070:tight oil
4065:oil shale
4060:oil sands
4040:Shale gas
3981:sweet oil
3952:Venezuela
3927:North Sea
3883:Provinces
3874:Venezuela
3721:Midstream
3416:Petroleum
3276:Petroleum
2213:from the
1878:Platform
1682:Naqib Co.
1647:Petrobras
1591:Drillship
1552:Petrobras
1532:Penrod 50
1515:Marlin 14
1462:Nanhai II
1434:Drillship
1388:Sedco 135
1289:No info.
1282:Petrobras
1227:Mariner I
1159:Wodeco II
1131:Drillship
1075:Sedco Inc
935:Rig Owner
912:vitrified
778:North Sea
479:Petroleum
384:and high
303:antiquity
283:Venezuela
232:Dos Bocas
76:wild well
41:crude oil
4751:Category
4658:Subsea 7
4638:Petrofac
4633:NOV Inc.
4613:GE Power
4608:Enbridge
4562:services
4384:Mercuria
4374:Glencore
4336:Sonangol
4296:Petronas
4231:Naftogaz
4003:Peak oil
3986:sour oil
3741:Upstream
3736:Refining
3731:Pipeline
3687:Pumpjack
3682:Gas lift
3603:invasion
3546:Drilling
3433:Reserves
3392:Reserves
3211:Archived
3188:Archived
3169:Archived
3135:Archived
2980:Archived
2954:Archived
2872:Archived
2827:Archived
2791:Archived
2766:Archived
2729:BSEE.gov
2638:HWCG.org
2620:Archived
2594:BSEE.gov
2576:Archived
2558:Archived
2534:Archived
2507:Archived
2469:Archived
2421:Archived
2236:Archived
2190:Archived
2092:Archived
2067:Archived
2042:Archived
2022:June 30,
1986:Archived
1914:Oil well
1888:See also
1840:Platform
1794:Seadrill
1714:Ensco 51
1664:Santa Fe
1602:Bull Run
1588:Petromar
1354:Scan Bay
1343:Platform
1233:Semi-sub
1142:Big John
1064:Blowout
932:Rig Name
871:HWCG LLC
862:and the
791:in 1991.
789:Gulf War
780:in 1988.
769:in 1979.
743:in 1959.
629:workover
498:(mostly
277:well in
144:wellhead
126:inferno.
53:gas well
49:oil well
47:from an
4326:Sinopec
4316:Rosneft
4196:Gazprom
4191:Equinor
4119:Chevron
3766:History
3632:Tracers
3554:Blowout
3443:Exports
3438:Imports
3402:Exports
3397:Imports
2554:Rigzone
2339:8110608
2126:4721800
1861:Jack-Up
1778:Kab 101
1697:Actinia
1570:Smedvig
1399:Ixtoc I
895:Bukhara
739:in the
613:Ixtoc I
500:methane
416:at the
343:wildcat
279:Cabimas
247:on the
115:barrels
82:History
43:and/or
37:blowout
4692:Others
4643:Saipem
4540:TĂĽpraĹź
4530:TNK-BP
4515:Sunoco
4505:Repsol
4465:Lukoil
4408:Others
4379:Gunvor
4013:timing
3947:Russia
3859:Norway
3844:France
3839:Canada
2413:
2337:
2327:
2218:Online
2124:
1965:
1875:Total
1773:Jackup
1754:Jackup
1737:Jackup
1720:Jackup
1667:Jackup
1661:Al Baz
1608:Tender
1521:Jackup
1504:Jackup
1485:Jackup
1468:Jackup
1451:Jackup
1401:well.
1377:Jackup
1360:Jackup
1322:Jackup
1303:Jackup
1286:Jackup
1267:Jackup
1216:Jackup
1210:Rig 20
1199:Jackup
1182:Jackup
1114:Jackup
1044:Jackup
1027:Jackup
1021:Paguro
1010:Jackup
974:Jackup
684:Subsea
525:casing
370:Atyrau
353:(USA).
295:Kirkuk
72:gusher
31:(1901)
4559:Major
4425:Cepsa
4399:Vitol
4369:Enron
4331:SOCAR
4271:Pemex
4266:PDVSA
4261:Orlen
4226:Lotos
4166:ANCAP
4134:Shell
4091:Major
3849:India
3453:Price
3407:Price
3349:Urals
3344:Tapis
3314:Dubai
3309:Brent
3175:, CNN
2960:3 May
2878:3 May
2851:3 May
2769:(PDF)
2764:(1).
2754:(PDF)
2736:(PDF)
2725:(PDF)
2706:3 May
1869:2012
1769:PEMEX
1717:Ensco
1500:ODECO
1093:ODECO
1041:Coral
1002:Trion
746:"The
293:near
237:Pemex
29:Texas
4653:Snam
4593:CH2M
4346:TPAO
3854:Iraq
3824:OPEC
3819:GECF
3368:Data
3194:WFRV
2962:2018
2880:2018
2853:2018
2708:2018
2411:ISBN
2335:OCLC
2325:ISBN
2122:OCLC
2024:2010
2012:Time
1963:ISBN
1848:2012
1827:2010
1806:2010
1785:2009
1762:2007
1745:2004
1728:2002
1711:2001
1694:1993
1675:1993
1658:1989
1641:1988
1616:1988
1599:1983
1582:1981
1563:1985
1546:1984
1529:1981
1512:1980
1493:1980
1476:1980
1459:1980
1442:1980
1425:1980
1406:1980
1385:1979
1368:1979
1351:1978
1330:1977
1311:1977
1294:1976
1275:1976
1258:1975
1241:1975
1224:1973
1207:1972
1190:1972
1173:1972
1156:1971
1139:1971
1122:1970
1105:1970
1086:1969
1069:1969
1052:1969
1035:1968
1024:SNAM
1018:1965
999:1965
982:1964
965:1959
949:S-44
946:1955
938:Type
929:Year
873:and
860:BSEE
783:The
772:The
761:The
697:The
533:kick
472:seal
468:trap
398:soot
324:The
311:The
299:Iraq
273:The
221:Iran
189:The
4588:CGG
4485:OMV
4351:YPF
4124:Eni
3155:ABC
2465:CNN
1634:BOP
516:mud
382:atm
368:in
347:Qom
262:in
251:in
207:in
203:at
193:in
74:or
51:or
4768::
4114:BP
3756:XT
3133:.
2952:.
2948:.
2870:.
2843:.
2785:.
2762:10
2760:.
2756:.
2727:.
2694:.
2657:^
2636:.
2618:.
2614:.
2592:.
2556:.
2552:.
2463:.
2419:.
2333:.
2134:.
2116:.
2010:.
1973:^
1948:^
897:,
494:.
432:BP
376:,
372:,
297:,
281:,
219:,
110:.
78:.
70:,
63:.
35:A
27:,
3257:e
3250:t
3243:v
3229:.
3144:.
3118:.
3092:.
3066:.
3040:.
3015:.
2989:.
2964:.
2934:.
2908:.
2855:.
2710:.
2680:.
2651:.
2516:.
2478:.
2449:.
2392:.
2367:.
2341:.
2306:.
2270:.
2245:.
2199:.
2174:.
2101:.
2076:.
2051:.
2026:.
1995:.
758:.
361:.
338:.
227:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
