553:(now Cumbria) was the only site where construction was started on a full scale underground launcher, although test borings were undertaken at a number of other locations. The remains of this test silo, known as U1, were rediscovered by tree felling at Spadeadam. This was also the site where the RZ.2 rocket engines and also the complete Blue Streak missile were tested. The best sites for silo construction were the more stable rock strata in parts of southern and north-east England and eastern Scotland, but the construction of many underground silos in the countryside carried enormous economic, social, and political costs. Development of the underground launchers presented a major technical challenge. 1/60- and 1/6-scale models based on a U-shaped design were constructed and tested at RPE Westcott. Three alternative designs were drawn up with one chosen as the prototype, designated K11.
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538:, launched without warning or in the absence of any heightening of tension sufficient to warrant readying the missile. To negate this problem de Havilland created a stand-by feature. A missile could be held at 30 seconds' notice to launch for ten hours. As the missiles were to be deployed in pairs and it took ten hours for one missile to be prepared for stand-by, one of the two missiles could always be ready for rapid launch.
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425:(IRBM) of 2,000 nautical miles (3,700 km) range. The proposal was accepted as part of the Wilson-Sandys Agreement of August 1954, which provided for collaboration, exchange of information, and mutual planning of development programmes. The decision to develop was influenced by what could be learnt about missile design and development in the US. Initial requirements for the
534:. Whilst the vehicle could be left fully laden with over 20 tonnes of kerosene, the 60 tonnes of liquid oxygen had to be loaded immediately before launch or icing became a problem. Due to this, fuelling the rocket took 4.5 minutes, which would have made it useless as a rapid response to an attack. The missile was vulnerable to a
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upper stage. The
Centaur second stage would have either been built in the UK under licence or imported directly from the USA. Both the Centaur and Blue Streak had proved to be very reliable up to this point, and since they were both already designed development costs would have been low. Furthermore,
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In 1959 de
Havilland suggested solving the problem of the Blue Streak/Black Knight geometry by compressing the 10 by 1 metre (30 by 3-foot) Black Knight into a 10-foot-diameter (3.0 m) sphere. Although this seemed logical, the development costs proved to be too high for the limited budget of the
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test vehicle. The first stage of Black Arrow was given the same diameter as the French
Coralie (the second stage of Europa) to make it compatible with Blue Streak. Using Blue Streak as an additional stage would have increased Black Arrow's payload capacity. To maintain this compatibility, the first
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fleet which would become obsolete by 1965. The operational requirement for the missile was issued in 1955 and the design was complete by 1957. During development, it became clear that the missile system was too expensive and too vulnerable to a surprise attack. The missile project was cancelled in
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design a carrier rocket based on Blue Streak and Black Knight. This design used Blue Streak as a first stage and a 54-inch (140-centimetre) second stage based on the Black Knight. Several different third stages would be available, depending on the required payload and orbit.
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Blue Streak enthusiast Robin Joseph from the United
Kingdom has a collection of parts including start systems and combustion chambers amongst other things. He can often be seen displaying his collection at space days in the West Midlands.
1400:. Only a few miles from the Spadeadam testing site, the museum carries many exhibits, photographs and models of the Blue Streak programme, having inherited the original Spadeadam collection that used to be displayed on site.
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After the cancellation as a military project, there was reluctance to cancel the project because of the huge cost incurred. Blue Streak would have become the first stage of a projected all
British satellite launcher known as
807:. F11 was fired from here in November 1971, but the failure of the autopilot caused the vehicle to break up. The launch of F12 was postponed whilst a project review was carried out, which led to the decision to abandon the
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and
Australia was not interested in the project, these two countries were unwilling to contribute. South Africa was no longer a member of the Commonwealth. New Zealand was only likely to make "modest" contributions.
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The project was unexpectedly cancelled in April 1960. Whitehall opposition grew, and it was cancelled on the ostensible grounds that it would be too vulnerable to a first-strike attack. Admiral of the Fleet
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Estimates within the Civil
Service for completion of the project ranged from a total spend of ÂŁ550 million to ÂŁ1.3 billion, as different ministers were set on either abandoning or continuing the project.
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To protect the missiles against a pre-emptive strike while being fuelled, the idea of sitting the missiles in underground launchers was developed. These would have been designed to withstand a one
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second stage and
Germany the third. Italy worked on the satellite project, the Netherlands and Belgium concentrated on tracking and telemetry systems and Australia supplied the launch site.
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in early 1955, to ÂŁ300 million in late 1959. Its detractors in the civil service claimed that the programme was crawling along when compared with the speed of development in the US and the
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blast at a distance of one-half mile (800 m) and were a
British innovation, subsequently exported to the United States. Finding sites for these silos proved extremely difficult.
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699:(ELDO) was set up. This used Blue Streak as the first stage, with French and German second and third stages. The Blue Streak first stage was successfully tested three times at the
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After ten test launches, the
Woomera launch site was not suitable for putting satellites into geosynchronous orbit, and in 1966 it was decided to move to the French site of
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Partly to avoid political embarrassment from the cancellation, the UK government proposed that the rocket be used as the first stage of a civilian satellite launcher called
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had spent considerable effort arguing that the project should be cancelled at once in favour of the Navy being armed with nuclear weapons, capable of pre-emptive strike.
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which had to cope with the problem of a vehicle whose weight was diminishing rapidly and that was steered by large engines whose thrust remained more or less constant.
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Black Arrow carried out four test launches (without an additional Blue Streak stage) from Woomera between 1969 and 1971, with the final launch carrying the satellite
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was also a problem, particularly at engine cut-off, and the later development of the autopilot for the satellite launcher was, in itself, a considerable achievement.
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In 1972, Hawker Siddeley Dynamics ltd produced a brochure for a design using Blue Streak as the first stage of a two-stage to orbit rocket, with an American
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would appear to have been the preferred location for the prototype operational launcher with the former RNAS at Crail as the likely first operational site.
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1139 demanded a rocket of at least 1,500 nautical miles (2,800 km) range and the initially proposed rocket would have just reached that threshold.
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The UK instead proposed a collaboration with other European countries to build a three-stage launcher capable of placing a one-ton payload into low
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The placard reads: "Remains of the first Blue Streak rocket launched from Woomera 5 June 1964. Discovered 50 km SE of Giles in 1980."
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threat, a ballistic missile was essential. There was a political need for an independent deterrent, so that Britain could remain a major
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In April 1954 the Americans proposed a joint development programme for ballistic missiles. The United States would develop an
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by seven degrees in flight and were used to guide the missile. This configuration, however, put considerable pressure on the
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British Public information film on the Blue Streak at the National Archives (15 minutes QuickTime and Windows Media formats)
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into orbit. The United Kingdom remains the only country to have developed and then abandoned a satellite launch capability.
1445:. The titanium structure of a German third stage was, for some time, sited on the edge of a gravel pit in Gloucestershire.
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Some considered the cancellation of Blue Streak to be not only a blow to British military-industrial efforts, but also to
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consisted of Belgium, Britain, France, West Germany, Italy and the Netherlands, with Australia as an associate member.
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In 1959, a year before the cancellation of the Blue Streak as a missile, the government requested that the RAE and
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https://web.archive.org/web/20010409071059/http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Launchpad/6133/bluestreak.html
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in French Guiana. Following launch failures, the ELDO project was cancelled in 1972 and Blue Streak with it.
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With Blue Streak, the UK became the first stage of the European launch vehicle with France providing the
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The British military transferred its hopes for a strategic nuclear delivery system to the Anglo-American
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Following the cancellation of the Blue Streak project some of the remaining rockets were preserved at:
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company won the contract to build the missile, which was to be powered by an uprated liquid-fuelled
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stage diameter was given in metres, although the rest of the rocket was defined in imperial units.
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Doubts arose as the cost escalated from the first tentative figure of ÂŁ50 million submitted to the
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based on Blue Streak, but none of these were ever built in full and today only exist in design.
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568:. As no site in Britain provided enough space for test flights, a test site was established at
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https://web.archive.org/web/20050404101923/http://www.skomer.u-net.com/projects/bluestreak.htm
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test vehicle, and the orbital injection stage was a small hydrogen peroxide/kerosene motor.
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406:. Britain was unable to purchase American weapons wholesale due to the restrictions of the
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2156:'Talking a Blue Streak: The ambitious, quiet waste of the Spadeadam Rocket Establishment'
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Aside from Black Prince, a range of other proposals was made between 1959 and 1972 for a
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uncontrollable oscillations during final phase of burn due to fuel sloshing in tanks
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Preliminary work began in 1962 and ELDO was formally signed into existence in 1964.
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developed the three-stage Black Arrow satellite carrier rocket, derived from the
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orbit with, and 650–700 kg without the use of additional booster rockets.
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of 137,000 lbf (610 kN) and the second (intended for the three-stage
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2048:
A Vertical Empire: The History of the UK Rocket and Space Programme, 1950-1971
1990:
A Vertical Empire: The History of the UK Rocket and Space Programme, 1950-1971
1965:
A Vertical Empire: The History of the UK Rocket and Space Programme, 1950-1971
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A Vertical Empire: The History of the UK Rocket and Space Programme, 1950-1971
1906:
A Vertical Empire: The History of the UK Rocket and Space Programme, 1950-1971
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A section of the propulsion bay, engines and equipment can be found at the
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360:(ELDO), with Blue Streak used as the first stage of a carrier rocket named
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spacecraft. Images of the Blue Streak 1 are incorporated in the 1997 film
477:. Two variants of this engine were developed: the first provided a static
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in Canada was already spending more money than publicly acknowledged on
421:), while the United Kingdom with United States support would develop an
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National Museum of Scotland description of the Museum of Flight exhibit
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force. It soon became clear that if Britain wanted to have a credible
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1779:(26 May 1960). "The cost of Blue Streak as a satellite launcher".
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Footage from the Blue Streak launch was briefly incorporated into
1410:– a pair on cradles alongside the Blue Streak rocket – and at the
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ally Australia, which had its own vested interest in the project.
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333:. Blue Streak was cancelled without entering full production.
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On display at NSC Leicester, on loan from Liverpool Museums
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The project was intended to maintain an independent British
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1802:"Oops… Britain Launched A Satellite, But Who Remembers It?"
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The cost of developing Black Prince was estimated to be
3279:
History of science and technology in the United Kingdom
485:) 150,000 lbf (670 kN). The engines could be
1452:, launched on 24 May 1965, are on display at Woomera.
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Black Prince proved too expensive for the UK, and the
417:(ICBM) of 5,000 nautical miles (9,300 km) range (
626:
2538:
list of code names used for projects (Rainbow Codes)
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De Havilland/British Interplanetary Society proposal
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system from the Americans, carried in British-built
1702:
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560:In 1955–1956, the rocket motors were test-fired at
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3039:Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile Test Centre,
2079:Royal Air Force Historical Society Journal No. 58.
3244:Abandoned military projects of the United Kingdom
2825:Cold War military equipment of the United Kingdom
1478:", treated within the story as the launch of the
3235:
1760:Hallicrafters World Wide “Btue Streak” Project
1166:Delivered to Euro Space Center, Redu, Belgium
2849:
2509:
2176:
2017:. Archived from the original on 10 July 2004.
826:List of Blue Streak launches as part of ELDO
1766:, Mid-December, 1960, v. 73, no. 27, p. 189.
732:It was planned that Black Prince would be a
703:in Australia as part of the ELDO programme.
3274:Space launch vehicles of the United Kingdom
677:Civilian programmes - Black Prince and ELDO
2856:
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2516:
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2169:
777:European Launcher Development Organisation
755:European Launcher Development Organisation
749:European Launcher Development Organisation
697:European Launcher Development Organisation
358:European Launcher Development Organisation
129:
2135:"The Archive Hour – Britain's Space Race"
1305:it had a payload of 870–920 kg to a
686:": the second stage was derived from the
323:(IRBM), and later the first stage of the
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
2864:Strategic nuclear weapon systems of the
2120:Free papermodel of a Blue Streak missile
1878:
1775:
1378:Mid-section outer shell and launch sites
1276:Following its merger with Saunders Roe,
762:
3254:Collection of National Museums Scotland
3249:Cold War missiles of the United Kingdom
1992:. Imperial College Press. p. 119.
1967:. Imperial College Press. p. 117.
1933:. Imperial College Press. p. 126.
1908:. Imperial College Press. p. 124.
3236:
2105:Blue Streak including newsreel footage
2077:The Blue Streak Underground Launchers.
2066:The Blue Streak Underground Launchers.
2015:"Blue Streak With Centaur Upper Stage"
1831:Red Funnel - Gateway to the South East
1827:"Isle of Wight Rocket Testing Station"
1650:Nuclear weapons and the United Kingdom
3269:Intermediate-range ballistic missiles
3259:Nuclear weapons of the United Kingdom
3225:Nuclear weapons of the United Kingdom
2837:
2497:
2164:
2148:www.spaceuk.org/journal/prospero3.pdf
2143:A cutaway drawing of the Blue Streak.
1858:
514:Atomic Weapons Research Establishment
2045:
1987:
1981:
1962:
1956:
1928:
1903:
1854:
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1799:
1764:Aviation Week & Space Technology
1437:rocket launched on 5 June 1964 from
1312:
816:European Space Research Organisation
423:Intermediate-range ballistic missile
321:Intermediate-range ballistic missile
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
2146:U1 underground launcher Spadeadam.
1953:"Europa SLV Historiograph", HSD Ltd
1922:
1897:
1884:
1244:
1008:3rd stage failure after separation
982:3rd stage failure after separation
176:(maintenance and technical support)
13:
627:Cancellation as a military project
576:Blue Streak launches from Woomera
415:intercontinental ballistic missile
14:
3295:
2083:
1849:
1296:Hawker Siddeley Dynamics proposal
153:Nuclear strike, satellite vehicle
2820:
2819:
2012:
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1266:Westland Helicopters Black Arrow
792:The combined launcher was named
390:armament was initially based on
23:
2748:British hydrogen bomb programme
2006:
1947:
1800:List, Jenny (7 February 2019).
1139:Delivered to Deutsches Museum,
706:
443:Rocket Propulsion Establishment
34:needs additional citations for
1819:
1793:
1769:
1753:
1739:
1398:Carlisle Lake District Airport
736:project. As the government of
456:
1:
3213:Blue Peacock nuclear landmine
2039:
956:2nd stage failed to separate
378:
500:Subcontractors included the
431:Royal Aircraft Establishment
7:
2666:surface-to-surface missiles
1638:
1468:". It was also used in the
1084:Delivered to French Guiana
1034:Fairing failed to separate
930:2nd stage failed to ignite
349:the preferred replacement.
10:
3300:
2694:Orange William (Swingfire)
2050:. Imperial College Press.
1750:, 28 November 1960, p. 59.
1406:engines are on display at
1269:
840:First stage (Blue Streak)
752:
710:
562:High Down Rocket Test Site
536:pre-emptive nuclear strike
58:"Blue Streak" missile
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2527:military projects of the
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2347:(Sea Ceptor, Land Ceptor)
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2027:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1859:Krebs, Gunter D. (2023).
1535:National Museum of Flight
1326:National Museum of Flight
1110:National Museum of Flight
814:ELDO was merged with the
408:Atomic Energy Act of 1946
371:, Australia and later at
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16:British ballistic missile
3201:Other cancelled projects
2689:Blue Rapier / Red Rapier
2068:Airfield Review No 140.
1889:. For Your Information.
1887:"Anyone Else for Space?"
1885:Ley, Willy (June 1964).
1732:
570:Woomera, South Australia
502:Sperry Gyroscope Company
483:satellite launch vehicle
166:Hawker Siddeley Dynamics
2743:High Explosive Research
2646:Red Shoes (Thunderbird)
2641:Red Duster (Bloodhound)
2618:surface-to-air missiles
2595:air-to-surface missiles
2070:Airfield Research Group
1623:Mid-section outer shell
1060:Guidance system failed
506:missile guidance system
463:de Havilland Propellers
451:Operational Requirement
314:de Havilland Propellers
162:de Havilland Propellers
2486: Anglo-Australian
1891:Galaxy Science Fiction
1394:Solway Aviation Museum
843:Second stage (Corali)
768:
291:liquid oxygen/kerosene
2559:Blue Jay (Firestreak)
2194:of the United Kingdom
1604:National Space Centre
1443:Giles Weather Station
1408:National Space Centre
1368:National Space Centre
1238:Parts only completed
1214:Parts only completed
846:Third stage (Astris)
820:European Space Agency
766:
713:Black Prince (rocket)
469:engine, developed by
367:Europa was tested at
3107:Polaris A3T and A3TK
2636:Green Light (SeaCat)
2554:Blue Sky (Fireflash)
1861:"Blue Streak Family"
1747:Missiles and Rockets
1278:Westland Helicopters
512:was designed by the
43:improve this article
2910:Handley Page Victor
2546:air-to-air missiles
2046:Hill, C.N. (2001).
1988:Hill, C.N. (2001).
1963:Hill, C.N. (2001).
1929:Hill, C.N. (2001).
1904:Hill, C.N. (2001).
1893:. pp. 110–128.
1865:Gunter's Space Page
827:
577:
244:Guiana Space Centre
197:80 feet (24 m)
135:Blue Streak at the
125:
3208:Blue Water missile
2484:
2482: Anglo-French
2411:Surface-to-surface
2075:Boyes, J. (2014).
2064:Boyes, J. (2013).
1837:on 7 February 2017
1464:s final episode, "
1412:Armagh Planetarium
904:Successful flight
878:Successful flight
825:
769:
701:Woomera test range
620:Successful flight
609:Successful flight
575:
523:The missiles used
437:with input on the
369:Woomera Test Range
345:1960, with US-led
239:Woomera Test Range
227:Retired since 1971
123:
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3128:Chevaline upgrade
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3026:(1960, cancelled)
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2631:CF.299 (Sea Dart)
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2138:. 11 August 2007.
1722:Beatrice Shilling
1581:Euro Space Center
1420:Euro Space Center
1354:Euro Space Center
1313:Blue Streak today
1242:
1241:
964:29 November 1968
886:15 November 1966
624:
623:
504:who produced the
429:were made by the
400:nuclear deterrent
394:delivered by the
338:nuclear deterrent
310:
309:
181:Country of origin
119:
118:
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93:
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3171:-class submarine
3162:-class submarine
3152:launch platforms
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3091:-class submarine
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2018:
2013:Hill, Nicholas.
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1645:List of missiles
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1573:
1558:Deutsches Museum
1550:
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1512:
1497:
1476:The Tenth Planet
1463:
1416:Northern Ireland
1340:Deutsches Museum
1245:Related projects
1042:5 November 1971
938:6 December 1967
828:
824:
738:John Diefenbaker
649:Lord Mountbatten
606:21 October 1964
578:
574:
441:design from the
384:Post-war Britain
340:, replacing the
303:edit on Wikidata
282:Rolls-Royce RZ.2
141:, Schleissheim,
138:Deutsches Museum
133:
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19:
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2253:
2195:
2192:Guided missiles
2189:
2086:
2058:
2042:
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2020:
2019:
2011:
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2000:
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1982:
1975:
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753:Main articles:
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715:
709:
679:
663:Skybolt missile
629:
510:nuclear warhead
467:Rocketdyne S-3D
459:
392:free-fall bombs
388:nuclear weapons
381:
306:
264:5 November 1971
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3164:(1994–present)
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3145:(1994–present)
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1516:Blue Streak F4
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1503:rocket remains
1501:Blue Streak F1
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1450:Blue Streak F4
1435:Blue Streak F1
1433:A part of the
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1307:geosynchronous
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3173:(replacement)
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99:February 2019
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63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
3284:Rainbow code
3264:De Havilland
3223:part of the
3168:
3159:
3088:
3022:
2994:Green Bamboo
2941:bomb casings
2758:Blue Peacock
2722:Black Prince
2717:Black Knight
2678:
2608:Green Cheese
2472:Green Cheese
2461:
2302:Storm Shadow
2153:The Register
2134:
2076:
2065:
2047:
2008:
1989:
1983:
1964:
1958:
1949:
1930:
1924:
1905:
1899:
1890:
1880:
1868:. Retrieved
1864:
1839:. Retrieved
1835:the original
1830:
1821:
1809:. Retrieved
1805:
1795:
1789:(184): 1332.
1786:
1780:
1771:
1763:
1755:
1746:
1741:
1703:Nazi Germany
1674:Black Knight
1622:
1599:
1576:
1553:
1539:East Fortune
1530:
1515:
1500:
1483:
1479:
1469:
1458:The Prisoner
1456:
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1391:
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1335:
1330:East Fortune
1321:
1316:
1299:
1290:Prospero X-3
1287:
1282:Black Knight
1275:
1260:
1248:
990:3 July 1969
912:4 June 1967
860:24 May 1966
834:Launch date
818:to form the
813:
798:
791:
784:
781:
770:
734:Commonwealth
731:
729:35 million.
724:
719:Saunders-Roe
716:
707:Black Prince
694:
689:Black Knight
687:
684:Black Prince
680:
660:
656:Commonwealth
653:
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641:
637:Soviet Union
630:
595:5 June 1964
584:Launch date
559:
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522:
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412:
382:
366:
354:Black Prince
351:
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316:
311:
253:First flight
232:Launch sites
158:Manufacturer
136:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
3169:Dreadnought
3074:(1968–1996)
3033:launch site
3023:Blue Streak
2999:Green Grass
2984:Violet Club
2948:Blue Danube
2933:(cancelled)
2905:Avro Vulcan
2886:(1955–1993)
2773:Violet Club
2753:Blue Danube
2712:Black Arrow
2679:Blue Streak
2462:Blue Streak
2401:Thunderbird
2130:BBC Radio 4
1870:19 November
1727:Roy Dommett
1717:Len Beadell
1698:Silbervogel
1662:Black Arrow
1541:, Scotland.
1448:Remains of
1426:, Belgium.
1332:, Scotland.
1272:Black Arrow
1262:programme.
1054:successful
1051:successful
1048:successful
1028:successful
1025:successful
1022:successful
999:successful
996:successful
973:successful
970:successful
944:successful
918:successful
892:successful
866:successful
831:Flight No.
773:Earth orbit
581:Flight No.
532:propellants
518:Aldermaston
508:whilst the
471:Rolls-Royce
457:Development
435:Farnborough
419:SM-65 Atlas
404:world power
317:Blue Streak
261:Last flight
256:5 June 1964
207:Payload to
124:Blue Streak
3238:Categories
3089:Resolution
2958:Yellow Sun
2926:Blue Steel
2783:Yellow Sun
2684:Blue Water
2626:Blue Envoy
2603:Blue Steel
2467:Blue Water
2457:Blue Steel
2391:Starstreak
2335:Bloodhound
2219:Firestreak
2201:Air-to-air
2090:Page title
2040:References
1841:7 February
1811:9 February
1633:, England.
1610:, England.
1600:Europa F16
1587:, Belgium.
1577:Europa F15
1554:Europa F14
1531:Europa F13
1471:Doctor Who
1388:, England.
1374:, England.
1364:Europa F16
1360:, Belgium.
1350:Europa F15
1336:Europa F14
1322:Europa F13
671:submarines
555:RAF Upavon
551:Cumberland
379:Background
288:Propellant
278:Powered by
69:newspapers
2953:Red Beard
2768:Red Beard
2674:Blue Slug
2419:Swingfire
2386:Starburst
2376:Sea Viper
2307:Sea Venom
2292:Sea Eagle
2277:Brimstone
2272:Blue Boar
2214:Fireflash
1701:– (
1689:– (
1677:– (
1665:– (
1625:, at the
1608:Leicester
1602:, at the
1579:, at the
1556:, at the
1533:, at the
1380:, at the
1372:Leicester
1366:, at the
1352:, at the
1338:, at the
1324:, at the
1187:untested
1184:untested
1181:untested
1163:untested
1160:untested
1157:untested
1136:untested
1133:untested
1130:untested
1114:Edinburgh
1105:untested
1102:untested
1099:untested
1081:untested
1078:untested
1075:untested
1045:Europa-2
1019:Europa-1
993:Europa-1
967:Europa-1
941:Europa-1
927:untested
924:untested
915:Europa-1
901:untested
898:untested
895:untested
889:Europa-1
875:untested
872:untested
869:untested
863:Europa-1
495:Vibration
491:autopilot
473:, called
328:satellite
202:Capacity
3160:Vanguard
3116:warheads
3100:missiles
3050:warheads
3004:Red Snow
2972:warheads
2919:missiles
2893:Aircraft
2875:Timeline
2809:Red Snow
2796:warheads
2585:Skyflash
2578:Taildog/
2569:Red Hebe
2564:Red Dean
2525:Cold War
2434:Vigilant
2396:Tigercat
2381:Sea Wolf
2366:Sea Dart
2340:Blowpipe
2297:Sea Skua
2249:Skyflash
2234:Red Hebe
2229:Red Dean
2023:cite web
1806:Hackaday
1639:See also
1631:Brampton
1474:serial "
1466:Fall Out
1418:and The
1386:Brampton
849:Payload
837:Version
811:design.
742:Alouette
633:Treasury
529:kerosene
487:vectored
447:Westcott
396:V bomber
342:V bomber
170:Raytheon
150:Function
3181:missile
3142:Trident
3071:Polaris
3057:Ulysses
2931:Skybolt
2793:nuclear
2732:nuclear
2651:Seaslug
2574:Red Top
2449:Nuclear
2429:UB.109T
2424:Malkara
2371:Seaslug
2351:Javelin
2312:SPEAR 3
2287:Martlet
2239:Red Top
1686:Skylark
1485:Contact
1480:Zeus IV
1439:Woomera
1302:Centaur
1112:, near
1057:failed
1031:failed
1005:failed
1002:failed
979:failed
976:failed
953:failed
950:failed
947:failed
921:failed
852:Result
787:Coralie
775:. The
667:Polaris
587:Result
564:on the
543:megaton
427:booster
347:Skybolt
83:scholar
3123:ET.317
3009:WE.177
2963:WE.177
2804:ET.317
2778:WE.177
2361:Seacat
2356:Rapier
2317:Tychon
2282:Martel
2224:Meteor
2209:ASRAAM
2054:
1996:
1971:
1937:
1912:
1562:Munich
1344:Munich
1141:Munich
809:Europa
801:Kourou
794:Europa
479:thrust
373:Kourou
362:Europa
325:Europa
224:Status
194:Height
143:Munich
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2735:bombs
2580:SRAAM
2267:ALARM
1762:. //
1733:Notes
1710:Martu
1629:near
1462:'
1384:near
935:F6.2
909:F6.1
301:[
273:stage
90:JSTOR
76:books
2439:NLAW
2345:CAMM
2052:ISBN
2029:link
1994:ISBN
1969:ISBN
1935:ISBN
1910:ISBN
1872:2023
1843:2017
1813:2019
1585:Redu
1424:Redu
1404:RZ.2
1358:Redu
1235:n/a
1232:n/a
1229:n/a
1222:n/a
1219:F18
1211:n/a
1208:n/a
1205:n/a
1198:n/a
1195:F17
1174:n/a
1171:F16
1150:n/a
1147:F15
1123:n/a
1120:F14
1092:n/a
1089:F13
1068:n/a
1065:F12
1039:F11
757:and
527:and
475:RZ.2
461:The
312:The
189:Size
62:news
1606:in
1583:in
1537:in
1422:in
1414:in
1370:in
1356:in
1328:in
1013:F9
987:F8
961:F7
883:F5
857:F4
803:in
639:.
614:F3
603:F2
592:F1
549:in
516:at
445:at
433:at
386:'s
209:LEO
45:by
3240::
2132:–
2025:}}
2021:{{
1863:.
1851:^
1829:.
1804:.
1785:.
1560:,
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1342:,
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449:.
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364:.
184:UK
172:,
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164:,
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2850:t
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2177:t
2170:v
2072:.
2060:.
2031:)
2002:.
1977:.
1943:.
1918:.
1874:.
1845:.
1815:.
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727:ÂŁ
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