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Blue bonnet

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122: 27: 105: 287: 227:, noting the increase in the use of imported cloth and clothing in his lifetime, wrote "in 1760 there were only two hats in the parish: in 1790 few bonnets are worn; the bonnet-maker trade in the next parish is given up". An 1825 dictionary described the bonnet as "formerly worn by the more antiquated peasantry". By the middle of the century the characteristic broad, flat Lowlander's bonnet, usually worn with clothing of homespun 172: 112:
The bonnet's construction made it an extremely practical piece of clothing in Scotland's damp, cool climate. The flat shape formed an effective brim against the weather, could be pulled down ("scrugged") in various directions for additional cover, pulled over the ears for warmth, or folded and put in
278:, the holder of an established estate, with the blue bonnet of the typical Scottish farmer. Walter Scott gave a slightly differing definition of the term, stating that it signified "a petty proprietor", or member of the low-ranking gentry, who adopted "the dress, along with the habits, of a yeoman". 96:
to produce a water resistant finish. Strings were often sewn around the inner edge, allowing a close fit around the brow, whilst the top was worn pulled into a broad circle. The typical Lowland man's bonnet was large and worn flat, overhanging at the front and back and sometimes ornamented with a
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The blue bonnet remained everyday wear for Lowland farmers until the end of the 18th century, but its use was gradually discontinued under the influence of fashion and increasingly industrialised clothing manufacture. A minister of a lowland parish of
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in a white wig, blue bonnet, and large white cockade. The association was reinforced by later nostalgic Jacobite songs, such as "Blue Bonnets Over the Border", set down (and possibly written) by
250:, was incorporated into British military uniform during the 19th century. The informal version of the Balmoral, also adorned with a toorie, is often known as the Tam o' shanter, after a 191:
would occupy this role in the following century. Despite its earlier association with the Covenanters, adorned with a white cockade the blue bonnet was also adopted as an emblem of
153:—the bonnet had been adopted nearly universally by men throughout the Lowlands, although it did not become widely worn in the Highlands until the following century. By 1700, 141:
A substantial hand-knitting industry is believed to have developed in Scotland by the late 15th century. Bonnetmakers produced broad, flat knitted caps in imitation of the
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hat that for several hundred years was the customary working wear of Scottish labourers and farmers. Although a particularly broad and flat form was associated with the
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a pocket. It could also be removed and used as a pocket or bag in its own right. The felted wool helped protect the wearer against rain, and could be easily wrung dry.
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fascination with (and militarisation of) Highland dress, the smaller Kilmarnock or Balmoral bonnet, further elaborated with ribbons, a diced border, and a
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poem whose central character wears a "gude blue bonnet", though the more modern "tam" may be made of a wide range of materials. Like the English
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was also called the "blue bonnet" or "blue bannet" in parts of Scotland, with the equivalent name "blue cap" being used in northern England.
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During the 18th century the bonnet was, to outsiders, the most readily identifiable Scottish piece of clothing in the popular imagination.
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It was the bonnet's blue colour, as well as, perhaps, its Lowland and peasant origins, that influenced its adoption as a badge of the
1181: 258:, the true knitted blue bonnet is still made in small quantities for historical and military re-enactment groups. 1741: 121: 565: 204: 2539: 2534: 101:"cherry", while in the Highlands the fashion was for a smaller, plain bonnet, sometimes peaked at the front. 304:
was often called the "blue bonnet" in Scotland. By extension the name was also applied to the garden flower
195:. Its political symbolism became overt: one night in December 1748, over two years after the failure of the 176: 2519: 200: 20: 2544: 1551: 870: 1689: 1284: 33:, by David Allan. Two Lowland shepherds of the 18th century, wearing variations on the blue bonnet. 2529: 2113: 73: 2118: 2083: 2011: 1614: 890: 108:
A blue bonnet, worn in a romanticised Victorian-era depiction, by McIan, of a MacAulay clansman
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Introductions and Notes and Illustrations to the Novels, Tales and Romances of the Author of
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In Scotland the term "bonnet-laird", or "bannet-laird", was sometimes used to refer to a
235:, was said to have disappeared or survived only in the "degenerate form of a small round 149:, they became popular with the peasantry and by the end of the 16th century—as noted by 2071: 1871: 1664: 1389: 1122: 1113: 962: 587: 558: 211:, who himself affected to wear a bonnet in later life, dressing very much like "an old 58: 164:, who used blue to distinguish themselves from their Royalist opponents and their red 2371: 2361: 2296: 2221: 2093: 2076: 1781: 1731: 1704: 1527: 306: 300: 243: 88:
The characteristic blue bonnet was knitted in one piece from a thick wool, dyed with
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described Highlanders as mainly wearing thick woollen bonnets of blue or grey.
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worn pretty generally by ploughmen, carters and boys of the humbler ranks".
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caps popular amongst the upper classes of the time. Dyed with blue or grey
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Facts and Inventions: Selections from the Journalism of James Boswell
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Supplement to the Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language
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The blue bonnet as a sign of Jacobite allegiance, here worn by
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A Land Afflicted: Scotland and the Covenanter Wars, 1638-1690
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Owing to the flower's resemblance to the cap, the wildflower
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The name combined the Scottish title of 137:Lowland Scot, wearing a broad blue bonnet. 507:Scott (1832), "Notes and Illustrations", 436: 339: 501: 488: 405:The Oxford Companion to Scottish History 371: 285: 170: 120: 103: 25: 462: 423: 355: 53:, the bonnet was also worn in parts of 2512: 470:Familiar Anecdotes of Sir Walter Scott 449: 384: 547: 535:The Oxford Book of British Bird Names 522:A Dictionary of the Scottish Language 475: 481:"Scotch topography and statistics", 410: 379:Chambers' Information for the People 366:Chambers' Information for the People 49:, where it was sometimes called the 13: 397: 390:Barnett, "Scott's Blue Bonnet" in 133:, shows 'Jockie', a stereotypical 14: 2556: 1182:Head covering for Christian women 573: 485:, vol 82 (1848), John Murray, 362 125:A print of the 1650s, satirising 57:and became widely adopted in the 418:Scottish Culture and Traditions 83: 1: 332: 281: 203:and dressed the lion in the 7: 320: 10: 2561: 201:Edinburgh Parliament House 129:manipulation of the young 116: 18: 2476: 2405: 2197: 1717: 1550: 1442: 1330: 1283: 1239: 1130: 1121: 1112: 826: 754: 714: 605: 594: 585: 511:Waverley, Vol. I, p. 204. 16:Type of soft woollen hat 19:For similar names, see 457:From Scenes Like These 295: 184: 138: 109: 34: 1221:Salvation Army bonnet 289: 215:baron", according to 199:, someone scaled the 174: 124: 107: 29: 2540:19th-century fashion 2535:18th-century fashion 483:The Quarterly Review 381:, no.87, 1842, p.391 377:"British Costumes", 368:, no.87, 1842, p.392 364:"British Costumes", 197:1745 Jacobite rising 1605:Coal scuttle bonnet 891:Casquette d'Afrique 429:Campbell Paterson, 394:, v XVII, 1912, 163 392:The Border Magazine 205:Scottish royal arms 41:was a type of soft 2520:Bonnets (headgear) 2072:sombrero de catite 1390:Boss of the Plains 588:List of hat styles 296: 262:The "bonnet laird" 185: 177:Lord George Murray 139: 110: 97:small tuft or red 35: 2545:Scottish headgear 2507: 2506: 2297:Haredi burqa sect 2094:Stormy Kromer cap 2077:sombrero vueltiao 2067:sombrero cordobés 1713: 1712: 1546: 1545: 1326: 1325: 1279: 1278: 520:Jamieson (1846), 494:Jamieson (1825), 307:Centaurea montana 301:Succisa pratensis 292:Succisa pratensis 237:Kilmarnock bonnet 47:Scottish Lowlands 2552: 2062:sombrero calañés 1440: 1439: 1254:epanokalimavkion 1128: 1127: 1119: 1118: 603: 602: 568: 561: 554: 545: 544: 538: 531: 525: 518: 512: 505: 499: 492: 486: 479: 473: 466: 460: 453: 447: 440: 434: 427: 421: 414: 408: 401: 395: 388: 382: 375: 369: 362: 353: 346: 209:Sir Walter Scott 55:Northern England 31:The Craigy Bield 2560: 2559: 2555: 2554: 2553: 2551: 2550: 2549: 2510: 2509: 2508: 2503: 2472: 2401: 2199: 2193: 1767:Bhadgaunle Topi 1752:Balmoral bonnet 1742:Astrakhan (hat) 1709: 1542: 1438: 1322: 1275: 1235: 1172:Christening cap 1162:Cappello romano 1108: 1094:Square academic 901:Cavalry Stetson 886:Cappello Alpino 822: 750: 710: 597: 590: 581: 572: 542: 541: 532: 528: 524:, W. 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992: 989: 987: 984: 982: 979: 978: 977: 976:Uniform beret 973: 970: 968: 964: 961: 959: 956: 954: 951: 949: 946: 944: 941: 939: 936: 934: 931: 927: 924: 923: 922: 919: 917: 914: 912: 909: 907: 904: 902: 899: 897: 894: 892: 889: 887: 884: 882: 881:Cap comforter 879: 877: 874: 872: 869: 867: 864: 862: 859: 857: 854: 852: 849: 847: 844: 842: 839: 837: 834: 833: 831: 829: 825: 819: 816: 814: 811: 809: 806: 804: 801: 797: 794: 792: 789: 788: 787: 784: 780: 777: 776: 775: 772: 770: 767: 765: 762: 761: 759: 757: 753: 747: 744: 742: 739: 737: 734: 730: 727: 726: 725: 722: 721: 719: 717: 713: 705: 702: 701: 700: 697: 695: 692: 690: 687: 683: 680: 679: 678: 675: 671: 668: 667: 666: 663: 661: 658: 656: 653: 651: 648: 646: 643: 641: 638: 636: 635:Draped turban 633: 631: 628: 626: 623: 621: 618: 616: 613: 612: 610: 608: 604: 601: 599: 593: 589: 584: 580: 576: 569: 564: 562: 557: 555: 550: 549: 546: 536: 530: 523: 517: 510: 504: 497: 491: 484: 478: 472:, 1834, p.241 471: 465: 459:, 2000, p.155 458: 452: 446:, 2014, p.120 445: 442:Tankard (ed) 439: 432: 426: 419: 413: 406: 400: 393: 387: 380: 374: 367: 361: 359: 351: 345: 343: 338: 328: 325: 324: 318: 316: 311: 309: 308: 303: 302: 293: 288: 279: 277: 273: 269: 259: 257: 253: 249: 245: 240: 238: 234: 230: 226: 220: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 198: 194: 190: 182: 178: 173: 169: 168:and ribbons. 167: 163: 158: 156: 155:Martin Martin 152: 151:Fynes Moryson 148: 144: 136: 132: 128: 123: 114: 106: 102: 100: 95: 91: 81: 79: 75: 71: 67: 62: 60: 56: 52: 48: 44: 40: 32: 28: 22: 2154:Tsunokakushi 1615:Dolly Varden 1516:Sports visor 1501:Horse racing 1486:Bicycle clip 846:Bell-boy hat 764:Cabbage-tree 729:Anthony Eden 537:, 1984, p.32 534: 529: 521: 516: 508: 503: 495: 490: 482: 477: 469: 464: 456: 451: 443: 438: 433:, 1998, p.26 430: 425: 420:, 2010, p.47 417: 412: 404: 399: 391: 386: 378: 373: 365: 349: 327:Monmouth cap 312: 305: 299: 297: 291: 265: 256:Monmouth cap 252:Robert Burns 241: 221: 186: 159: 140: 135:Presbyterian 111: 87: 84:Construction 63: 50: 38: 36: 30: 2477:Accessories 2428:Bumper brim 2332:Mysore peta 2037:Senufo bird 1947:Montenegrin 1882:Jeongjagwan 1827:Energy dome 1782:Blue bonnet 1685:Poke bonnet 1630:French hood 1496:Deerstalker 1455:baggy green 1259:kalimavkion 1209:papal tiara 963:Maintenance 716:Semi-formal 403:Lynch (ed) 352:, v2, p.352 229:hodden grey 162:Covenanters 39:blue bonnet 2514:Categories 2207:Apostolnik 1837:Four Winds 1812:Dhaka topi 1772:Birke topi 1762:Beonggeoji 1552:Historical 1538:Water polo 1264:koukoulion 1145:Canterbury 1077:Sou'wester 926:karvalakki 645:Fascinator 533:Lockwood, 333:References 282:Other uses 217:James Hogg 193:Jacobitism 131:Charles II 127:Covenanter 21:Bluebonnet 2438:Cointoise 2406:Hat parts 2277:Għonnella 2159:Tubeteika 1957:Mooskappe 1867:Glengarry 1727:Arakhchin 1650:Kokoshnik 1506:Mounteere 1491:Casquette 1462:Balaclava 1350:Barretina 1318:Shtreimel 1231:Zucchetto 1216:Pilgrim's 1123:Christian 1114:Religious 1060:triglavka 1040:Rogatywka 1035:Printer's 1023:mariner's 953:Mazepynka 933:Fur wedge 866:Budenovka 818:Wideawake 670:lampshade 615:Cartwheel 348:Jameson, 244:Victorian 59:Highlands 51:scone cap 2489:Feathers 2443:Gamsbart 2418:Aigrette 2322:Khăn vấn 2252:Cornette 2247:Chaperon 2200:headwear 2189:Yanggwan 2169:Tyrolean 2124:Tanggeon 2057:Sombrero 2017:Rastacap 1997:Pashteen 1912:Keffiyeh 1802:Coonskin 1797:Coloured 1777:Blangkon 1757:Bell-boy 1635:Phrygian 1625:Fontange 1600:Cavalier 1595:Capotain 1590:Bycocket 1533:Swimming 1474:Baseball 1467:facekini 1429:Umbrella 1424:Tin foil 1407:Monmouth 1192:mantilla 1167:Capuchon 1157:Capirote 1099:Tricorne 911:Doctoral 876:Campaign 841:Bearskin 828:Uniforms 808:Pork pie 769:Chupalla 756:Informal 665:Mushroom 625:Cocktail 498:, p. 118 321:See also 315:blue tit 272:freehold 166:cockades 2494:Hat box 2484:Cockade 2463:Sarpech 2397:Yashmak 2347:Paranja 2317:Jang-ot 2267:Dumalla 2227:Boshiya 2212:Bashlyk 2198:Wrapped 2179:Ushanka 2134:Taqiyah 2129:Tantour 2089:Songkok 2047:Šibenik 2032:Salakot 2022:Šajkača 2007:Qeleshe 2002:Pungcha 1992:Papakha 1982:Pahlavi 1972:Ochipok 1962:Nambawi 1942:Malahai 1932:Labbade 1907:Kashket 1897:Karakul 1737:Aso Oke 1690:Pudding 1675:Petasos 1655:Miner's 1580:Boudoir 1575:Bergère 1560:Attifet 1479:trucker 1450:Cricket 1434:Whoopee 1380:Chilote 1298:Kashket 1241:Eastern 1152:Camauro 1140:Biretta 1132:Western 1087:faluche 1082:Student 1055:titovka 967:Chapeau 958:Nurse's 896:Caubeen 851:Bicorne 836:Aviator 813:Smoking 796:newsboy 791:coppola 724:Homburg 689:Pillbox 677:Picture 640:Eugénie 598:culture 596:Western 416:Milne, 407:, p.177 117:History 99:worsted 43:woollen 2499:Hatpin 2453:Lappet 2448:Hackle 2387:Turban 2382:Tudong 2377:Tichel 2327:Litham 2307:Hogeon 2272:Emamah 2262:Do-rag 2257:Dastar 2242:Chador 2222:Bonnet 2217:Birrus 2139:Tembel 2104:Šubara 2052:Sindhi 2042:Shyade 2027:Salako 1892:Kalpak 1887:Jobawi 1857:Gandhi 1847:Fulani 1792:Chullo 1787:Chapan 1680:Pileus 1670:Pamela 1665:Modius 1645:Kausia 1640:Hennin 1570:Beaver 1443:Sports 1419:Shower 1385:Cowboy 1375:Bucket 1370:Breton 1365:Bobble 1355:Beanie 1340:Animal 1332:Casual 1313:Spodik 1308:Kolpik 1303:Kippah 1293:Jewish 1285:Jewish 1271:Skufia 1249:Klobuk 1226:Shovel 1197:wimple 1177:Galero 1072:Slouch 1028:sailor 1018:Peaked 1013:Patrol 996:maroon 938:Hardee 921:Forage 906:Czapka 861:Boonie 803:Panama 779:trilby 774:Fedora 746:Buntal 741:Bowler 736:Boater 660:Juliet 620:Cloche 607:Formal 468:Hogg, 455:Ross, 268:yeoman 248:toorie 213:Border 189:Tartan 143:velvet 94:felted 92:, and 72:, the 2468:Visor 2458:Plume 2372:Sudra 2367:Snood 2362:Roach 2352:Pheta 2342:Pagri 2337:Niqāb 2302:Hijab 2292:Gulle 2287:Gugel 2232:Burqa 2184:Welsh 2164:Tuque 2149:Topor 2144:Tokin 2099:Straw 1987:Pakol 1917:Kofia 1877:Jaapi 1852:Futou 1842:Fujin 1822:Dutch 1817:Doppa 1700:Witch 1695:Toque 1620:Dunce 1585:Boyar 1511:Rally 1414:Party 1397:Fruit 1360:Beret 1345:Ascot 1204:Mitre 1045:Shako 991:green 981:black 871:Busby 856:Black 704:opera 682:peach 276:laird 225:Angus 2525:Caps 2423:Brim 2413:Agal 2392:Veil 2312:Hood 2282:Gook 2237:Caul 2119:Tang 2084:Song 2012:Qing 1977:Paag 1937:Lika 1927:Kuma 1922:Kufi 1902:Kasa 1807:Cork 1747:Ayam 1719:Folk 1610:Coif 1565:Apex 1402:Knit 1050:Side 986:blue 948:Kepi 943:Jeep 786:Flat 655:Halo 650:Half 630:Doll 579:caps 577:and 575:Hats 313:The 233:maud 90:woad 37:The 2174:Upe 2109:Sun 1862:Gat 1832:Fez 1660:Mob 1067:Ski 1006:tan 1001:red 699:Top 694:Tam 2516:: 357:^ 341:^ 310:. 219:. 183:). 80:. 61:. 974:/ 965:/ 567:e 560:t 553:v 23:.

Index

Bluebonnet

woollen
Scottish Lowlands
Northern England
Highlands
Highland dress
Balmoral bonnet
tam o' shanter
feather bonnet
woad
felted
worsted


Covenanter
Charles II
Presbyterian
velvet
vegetable dyes
Fynes Moryson
Martin Martin
Covenanters
cockades

Lord George Murray
Balmoral bonnet
Tartan
Jacobitism
1745 Jacobite rising

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