565:
54:
43:
348:, are tolerable to the anoxic conditions at the base of blue holes, allowing them to survive where other species cannot. They thrive at the lowest depths of blue holes due to the abundance of organic matter that settles there. Similarly, foraminifera inhabit the lower depths, and even increase in diversity with depth. Meiobenthic organisms cannot survive the high sulfide found at depth, and remain in the surface layers of blue holes. Generally, the diversity of all forms of life is 2-3x greater in blue holes than other diverse areas of the ocean, including coastal and
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414:. Conduits and passageways allow for brackish water to enter as well. When the same isotopes of major ions are found in blue holes and in the surrounding ocean, it can be concluded that these blue holes are tidally influenced and have a marine water source, however, if the isotopes are similar to those found in meteoric lenses, then the source is meteoric.
222:
is the boundary surface between the freshwater and the saltwater in these blue holes where a corrosive reaction takes place that eats away at the rock. Over time this can create side passages, or horizontal "arms", that extend from the vertical cave. These side passages can be quite long; e.g., over
553:
significantly with depth, adding to the disorientation divers experience. Divers must also remain aware of the animals they may encounter in these holes. Shark species, including bull sharks, reef sharks, and hammerhead sharks, have been seen making use of blue holes, and occasionally attack humans.
422:
Exploring blue holes requires a level of competence and equipment appropriate to the depth and overhead penetration. In 2009 a team of scientists set out to study seven of these blue holes in the
Bahamas. Through over 150 dives, the scientists, led by Keith Tinker, investigated bacteria able to live
426:
In 2018, another group of scientists set out to explore the Great Blue Hole of Belize using two submarines of the latest technology. One of the major scientific contributions to result from this expedition was the first 3-dimensional map of its interior. The researchers captured features such as
396:
The chemistry of blue holes vary greatly depending on how they were formed. All blue holes have a layer of freshwater at the surface and more saline water as the depth increases. Many have pycnoclines and haloclines that show these zones, similar to the ocean around it. Many blue holes are great
552:
begins to set in at depths below 20 m (70 ft) and causes disorientation and changes in consciousness. Divers experiencing nitrogen narcosis may become too confused to swim back into shallower waters, and some never make it back to the surface. Water clarity and light both decrease
241:
Most blue holes are formed through these processes although some do not show any sign of passages or cave systems as would be normally expected from karst and doline processes. This suggests that some blue holes may be caused by other processes such as vertical reef development.
360:
Sediment accumulation is unique in blue holes. Sedimentation occurs at the center of holes rather than the edges. Many different kinds of sediment help preserve fossils and climate records. The main sediments that build up and create layers in blue holes are
133:
Blue holes are roughly circular, steep-walled depressions, and so named for the dramatic contrast between the dark blue, deep waters of their depths and the lighter blue of the shallows around them. Their water circulation is poor, and they are commonly
149:. Blue light is the most enduring part of the spectrum; other parts of the spectrum—red, yellow, and finally green—are absorbed during their path through water, but blue light manages to reach the white sand and return upon reflection.
462:
participated in the expedition. The expedition gathered information about life around and within the hole, seawater composition, and the hole's bottom sediments. A follow-up expedition is planned in August 2020 to a deeper blue hole named the
409:
or marine sources of saline water within them. Being able to identify where the water comes from in these columns allows scientists to see how tidally influenced they are. Most blue holes have a range in salinity from fresh water to
332:
and chlorophyll need to be in low levels in order for cyanobacteria to respire. As depth increases, many branches and sub branches of microbes create specific niches based on the chemistry and nutrient availability of that depth.
93:). Blue holes typically contain tidally influenced water of fresh, marine, or mixed chemistry. They extend below sea level for most of their depth and may provide access to submerged cave passages. Well-known examples are the
379:
Sediment cores taken from three blue holes in the
Bahamas showed that with depth, more sapropel, detrital and freshwater peat, and lacustrine marls were found. At about 150 cm of sediment core, microfossils of wood,
184:. Other blue holes are about half that depth at around 100–120 metres (330–390 ft). The diameter of the top entrance ranges typically from 25–35 metres (82–115 ft) (Dean's Blue Hole) to 300 metres (980 ft) (
316:
fossils, for instance, have been found in blue holes. Important types of bacterial colonies have also been found in blue holes. Due to the conditions of a blue hole, they are forced to live off sulfur compounds like
405:
bottom water most blue holes contain. Stable
Hydrogen and Oxygen isotopes can be used to help identify where the water within blue holes comes from. Scientists have discovered that many have
191:
The overall largest blue hole (taking into account depth and width) is located 100 kilometers from the coast of Belize. The Great Blue Hole is a massive 300 meters wide and 125 meters deep.
308:
Many different fossils have been discovered that indicate the type of life forms that existed in blue holes. Other life forms such as marine life and marine fossils have also been noticed;
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also follow this pattern of organization, and inhabit the areas of the water column where the nutrients they rely on are most available. Nematodes, which are predominantly non-selective
324:
Blue holes have a great diversity of microbes. They create biogeochemical pathways creating a unique and diverse environment within the blue holes. In the surface layer, oxygen,
2082:
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permits blue holes to be formed. Doline formations were once closed depressions formed by solution of superficial rock or subsidence collapse into an underground void.
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Some blue holes do not experience karst or doline processes during their formation. They form through bedrock dissolution and collapse, usually influenced by
1205:
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234:. Rocks such as limestone, gypsum and marble are soluble and dissolution creates passages and cave systems underground. This process in combination with
2058:
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978:
van
Hengstum, Peter; Winkler, Tyler; Tamalavage, Anne; Sullivan, Richard; Little, Shawna; MacDonald, Dana; Donelly, Jeffery; Allbury, Nancy (2020).
470:
In contrast to the various successful expeditions completed, many explorers have perished in their attempts to reach the bottom of a blue hole. The
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environments. When the diversity of microorganisms is larger, a proportional increase in larger organisms and their diversity is to be expected.
423:
in anoxic environments. This allowed them to make connections to fields such as astrobiology where organisms thrive without oxygen or sunlight.
2028:
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was 100–120 metres (330–390 ft) lower than at present. During these times, the formations were exposed to the same erosion from rain and
1276:
321:, which are toxic to most organisms. These special bacteria have produced many insights into the chemistry and biology of microbial life.
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1255:
660:
Alcérreca-Huerta, Juan Carlos; Reyes-Mendoza, Oscar F.; Sánchez-Sánchez, Joan A.; Álvarez-Legorreta, Teresa; Carrillo, Laura (2024).
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980:"Holocene sedimentation in a blue hole surrounded by carbonate tidal flats in The Bahamas: Autogenic versus allogenic processes"
908:
He, Peiqing; Xie, Linping; Zhang, Xuelei; Li, Jiang; Lin, Xuezheng; Pu, Xinming; Yuan, Chao; Tian, Ziwen; Li, Jie (2020-04-06).
875:
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As part of a three-year study, a group of scientists set out in May and
September 2019 to explore a blue hole nicknamed the "
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Smith, Megan E.; Wynn, Jonathan G.; Scharping, Robert J.; Moore, Evan W.; Garey, James R.; Onac, Bogdan P. (2020-11-26).
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below a certain depth; this environment is unfavorable for most sea life, but nonetheless can support large numbers of
2018:
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Gonzalez, Brett C.; Iliffe, Thomas M.; Macalady, Jennifer L.; Schaperdoth, Irene; Kakuk, Brian (November 2011).
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910:"Microbial Diversity and Metabolic Potential in the Stratified Sansha Yongle Blue Hole in the South China Sea"
160:, which was found to have a depth of more than 420 metres (1,380 ft) in 2024. The second deepest is the
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662:"Recent records of thermohaline profiles and water depth in the Taam ja' Blue Hole (Chetumal Bay, Mexico)"
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1206:"Blue Holes: An Inappropriate Moniker for Scientific Discussion of Water-filled Caves in the Bahamas"
53:
431:, the hydrogen sulfide layer, and other details that cannot usually be seen by the naked human eye.
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Despite the beauty and allure of blue holes, they are some of the most dangerous waters to dive.
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located in Egypt is nicknamed the "Divers' Cemetery" because at least 40 divers have died there.
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829:"Source of saline groundwater on tidally influenced blue holes on San Salvador Island, Bahamas"
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Wyrwoll, Karl-Heinz; Zhu, Zhong Rong; Collins, Lindsay B.; Hatcher, Bruce G. (January 2006).
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at 300.89 metres (987 ft) deep, while the third deepest blue hole in the world is
143:
1110:"Researchers Embark to Explore Mysterious 'Blue Hole' Hidden Off The Coast of Florida"
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215:-rich terrains. The process ended once the sea level rose at the end of the ice age.
773:"Origin of Blue Hole Structures in Coral Reefs: Houtman Abrolhos, Western Australia"
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1029:"Microbial hotspots in anchialine blue holes: initial discoveries from the Bahamas"
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142:. The deep blue color is caused by the high transparency of water and bright white
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sediment traps and can preserve climate and fossil records dating back to the
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The 12th
Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas and Other Carbonate Regions
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600 metres (2,000 ft) in the case of the
Sawmill Sink in the Bahamas.
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876:"Fossils excavated from Bahamian blue hole may give clues of early life"
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401:. The reason blue holes are able to preserve such records is due to the
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processes and located inland also are called blue holes; for example,
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249:, carbonate dissolution, sea level fluctuations, or the presence of
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Marine cavern or sinkhole, open to the surface, in carbonate bedrock
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739:"New Life-Forms Found in Blue Holes—Clues to Life in Alien Oceans?"
362:
341:
313:
235:
139:
122:
74:
1135:"Scientists Embark on Journey to the "Deep" to Explore Blue Holes"
26:
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2083:
List of shipwrecks in the
Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary
2064:
1520:
1334:
278:
113:
70:
1690:
623:
Blue Holes: Definition and
Genesis: Carbonates and Evaporites
285:
227:
117:
in that the latter are inland voids usually containing fresh
1260:
218:
Most blue holes contain both freshwater and saltwater. The
1488:
1161:"Why Divers Are Venturing Deep Inside a Baffling Blue Hole"
459:
373:
370:
366:
297:
146:
770:
621:
Mylroie, J. E., Carew, J. L., and Moore, A. I., (1995),
826:
172:
at 202 metres (663 ft) , located in a bay west of
1187:"Blue Holes: A Descent into the World's Hidden Waters"
77:, which is open to the surface and has developed in a
1016:– via Elsevier SD Complete Freedom Collection .
1994:
Bullhead Point
Historical and Archeological District
1273:
Explanation at the Bahamas Caves Research Foundation
560:
97:(in the South China Sea) and, in the Caribbean, the
2059:Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area
1671:Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area
1234:World's deepest blue hole found in South China Sea
721:"Dispatches from the bottom of Belize's Blue Hole"
714:
712:
376:. Within these layers, microfossils can be found.
703:"World's Deepest Blue Hole Is in South China Sea"
5418:
718:
700:
709:
1297:
1184:
1203:
907:
758:"8 Most Fascinating Blue Holes in the World"
1311:
1204:Schwabe, Stephanie; Carew, James L (2006).
736:
732:
730:
516:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
5388:
2029:Maritime Heritage Trail – Battle of Saipan
1304:
1290:
1072:
1070:
448:Florida Atlantic University, Harbor Branch
261:Blue holes are typically found on shallow
152:The deepest blue hole in the world is the
5109:
1076:
1003:
951:
933:
677:
536:Learn how and when to remove this message
230:processes and require a specific type of
1983:
1107:
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52:
41:
25:
1324:
1158:
1067:
755:
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2078:Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary
1982:
1717:
1323:
1285:
973:
971:
903:
901:
741:. National Geographic. Archived from
5377:
2127:
1511:John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park
1239:PBS TV program "Extreme Cave Diving"
873:
822:
820:
818:
816:
814:
719:Francesca Street (October 8, 2019).
514:adding citations to reliable sources
481:
438:" located 30 miles off the coast of
5246:National Diving and Activity Centre
4911:
2105:Whitefish Point Underwater Preserve
2049:Robben Island Marine Protected Area
1718:
1444:Dhilba Guuranda-Innes National Park
1159:Delbert, Caroline (July 22, 2020).
593:Electromagnetic absorption by water
13:
5361:Outline of recreational dive sites
5288:
5205:
1943:Molinere Underwater Sculpture Park
1499:iSimangaliso Marine Protected Area
1484:Guadalupe Island Biosphere Reserve
1372:Arrecifes de Cozumel National Park
1340:Aliwal Shoal Marine Protected Area
1197:
968:
898:
701:Stephanie Pappas (July 27, 2016).
284:Many deep spring basins formed by
14:
5458:
1681:Tsitsikamma Marine Protected Area
1227:
1185:Allison Meier (January 8, 2014).
1108:Dockrill, Peter (July 21, 2020).
1077:Todhunter, Andrew (August 2010).
811:
5397:
5393:Index of recreational dive sites
5387:
5383:Category:Recreational dive sites
5376:
5366:
5365:
5355:
4920:Cave diving regions of the world
874:Keen, Cathy (December 3, 2007).
737:Dave Mosher (February 3, 2012).
577:
563:
486:
460:NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration
355:
5356:
1178:
1152:
1127:
1101:
1020:
867:
477:
456:United States Geological Survey
452:Georgia Institute of Technology
269:, as well as on and around the
4977:Cocklebiddy, Western Australia
2100:Western Rocks, Isles of Scilly
1139:Ocean Research and Exploration
764:
749:
694:
653:
628:
615:
417:
226:Blue holes are formed through
199:Blue holes formed during past
128:
1:
2034:Michigan Underwater Preserves
608:
256:
5261:Slickstones Quarry, Cromhall
2044:Porteau Cove Provincial Park
1596:Porteau Cove Provincial Park
1005:10.1016/j.margeo.2019.106051
467:" off the coast of Florida.
391:
303:
194:
7:
4982:Devil's Throat at Punta Sur
1844:Stingray City, Grand Cayman
1749:Devil's Throat at Punta Sur
777:Journal of Coastal Research
666:Frontiers in Marine Science
556:
10:
5463:
3050:General Hoyt S. Vandenberg
1611:Ras Muhammad National Park
935:10.1038/s41598-020-62411-2
845:10.1007/s10040-020-02266-z
679:10.3389/fmars.2024.1387235
277:at Lighthouse Reef Atoll,
21:Blue hole (disambiguation)
18:
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2019:Shipwrecks of Isle Royale
1989:
1978:
1951:
1915:
1872:Gibraltar Artificial Reef
1857:
1724:
1713:
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1319:
1261:The Blue Holes Foundation
1045:10.1007/s10750-011-0932-9
336:Microorganisms including
5405:Portal:Underwater diving
5057:Sistema Nohoch Nah Chich
2230:Agat World War II Amtrac
1923:Cancún Underwater Museum
1631:San Pedro Nolasco Island
1244:Bahamas Blue Holes Guide
756:Devotor (July 7, 2019).
81:or island composed of a
5442:Underwater diving sites
5372:Underwater diving sites
2014:Edmonds Underwater Park
1494:Hol Chan Marine Reserve
1449:Edmonds Underwater Park
1313:Recreational dive sites
625:, v. 10, no. 2, p. 225.
111:are distinguished from
49:, Long Island, Bahamas
5329:Underwater archaeology
5221:Capernwray Dive Centre
5119:Blue Hole (New Mexico)
2568:Captain Keith Tibbetts
2110:Wreck Alley, San Diego
2039:Pearl and Hermes Atoll
1387:Biscayne National Park
1266:Belize Audubon Society
444:Mote Marine Laboratory
211:that is common to all
164:, or Longdong, in the
62:
50:
39:
5241:Hotel Terme Millepini
5110:Freshwater dive sites
1434:Cliff Villa Peninsula
1414:Cahuita National Park
1407:Bunaken National Park
880:University of Florida
760:. Charismatic Planet.
723:. Cable News Network.
571:Earth sciences portal
265:, exemplified by the
57:Watling's Blue Hole,
56:
45:
29:
5324:Scuba diving tourism
5164:Ponce de Leon Spring
2720:Cornelia B. Windiate
1984:Wreck diving regions
1887:Port Noarlunga jetty
1591:Poor Knights Islands
1256:Bahamas Introduction
833:Hydrogeology Journal
635:Sajady, Mas (2014).
510:improve this section
399:last glacial maximum
251:eogenetic carbonates
19:For other uses, see
5314:Recreational diving
4938:Blue Hole (Red Sea)
4803:William C. Moreland
1928:Christ of the Abyss
1916:Underwater artworks
1626:San Andrés (island)
1586:Petit Saint Vincent
1479:Great Southern Reef
1382:Belize Barrier Reef
1325:Reef diving regions
1277:How Blue Holes Work
1271:What's a Blue Hole?
1089:on January 28, 2017
1083:National Geographic
1079:"Deep Dark Secrets"
996:2020MGeol.419j6051V
926:2020NatSR..10.5949H
886:on January 14, 2014
745:on August 29, 2019.
442:. Individuals from
340:, meiobenthic, and
263:carbonate platforms
209:chemical weathering
59:San Salvador Island
5299:Black-water diving
4114:President Coolidge
2914:Empress of Ireland
2661:Chester A. Congdon
2639:City of Launceston
1938:Kristu tal-Baħħara
1902:South Channel Fort
1789:Hillsea Point Rock
1666:St. Crispin's Reef
1474:Great Barrier Reef
1249:2009-04-08 at the
914:Scientific Reports
789:10.2112/05a-0015.1
154:Taam Ja' Blue Hole
69:is a large marine
63:
51:
40:
5414:
5413:
5347:
5346:
5334:Underwater diving
5309:Low impact diving
5304:Blue-water diving
5279:
5278:
5196:
5195:
5149:Homestead caldera
5100:
5099:
5072:Uamh an Claonaite
5067:Sistema Sac Actun
5062:Sistema Ox Bel Ha
5022:Piccaninnie Ponds
5012:Molnár János Cave
4923:Cave dive sites:
4902:
4901:
4898:
4897:
4434:Selah Chamberlain
4220:Robert C. Pringle
3645:Mikhail Lermontov
3369:James Eagan Layne
2979:Francisco Morazan
2618:Christina Nilsson
2367:Arthur W. Radford
2118:
2117:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1882:Port Hughes jetty
1779:Fowey Rocks Light
1769:Frederiksted Pier
1709:
1708:
1531:Mantanani Islands
1165:Popular Mechanics
639:. Balboa Prints.
603:List of sinkholes
550:Nitrogen narcosis
546:
545:
538:
472:Red Sea Blue Hole
440:Sarasota, Florida
273:, such as at the
271:Yucatán Peninsula
5454:
5401:
5391:
5390:
5380:
5379:
5369:
5368:
5359:
5358:
5285:
5284:
5236:Eccleston Quarry
5202:
5201:
5154:Little Blue Lake
5124:Blue Lake (Utah)
5106:
5105:
5047:Sistema Dos Ojos
4987:Engelbrecht Cave
4948:Blue Hole (Guam)
4908:
4907:
4457:South Australian
4046:Pietermaritzburg
3225:Herzogin Cecilie
3140:Grace A. Channon
3110:Glen Strathallan
2144:
2143:
2128:Wreck dive sites
2124:
2123:
1980:
1979:
1933:Circle of Heroes
1897:Shark River Reef
1867:Edithburgh jetty
1859:Artificial reefs
1855:
1854:
1794:Inland Sea, Gozo
1754:Elphinstone Reef
1715:
1714:
1696:Wakatobi Regency
1454:El Ikhwa Islands
1321:
1320:
1306:
1299:
1292:
1283:
1282:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1210:
1191:
1190:
1189:. Atlas Obscura.
1182:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1085:. Archived from
1074:
1065:
1064:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1007:
975:
966:
965:
955:
937:
905:
896:
895:
893:
891:
882:. Archived from
871:
865:
864:
824:
809:
808:
768:
762:
761:
753:
747:
746:
734:
725:
724:
716:
707:
706:
698:
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681:
657:
651:
650:
632:
626:
619:
598:Karst topography
587:
582:
581:
573:
568:
567:
566:
541:
534:
530:
527:
521:
490:
482:
319:hydrogen sulfide
236:doline formation
170:Dean's Blue Hole
103:Dean's Blue Hole
47:Dean's Blue Hole
5462:
5461:
5457:
5456:
5455:
5453:
5452:
5451:
5417:
5416:
5415:
5410:
5343:
5290:
5275:
5256:Seacrest Cove 2
5226:Deep Dive Dubai
5207:
5192:
5159:Logue Brook Dam
5134:Dorothea quarry
5129:Dinorwic quarry
5111:
5096:
5082:Wakulla Springs
5052:Sistema Huautla
5007:Kilsby sinkhole
4943:Great Blue Hole
4913:
4912:Cave dive sites
4894:
4862:
4823:
4758:Walter L M Russ
4737:
4697:
4658:
4537:
4305:
4182:Rainbow Warrior
4146:
4127:
4122:Prince of Wales
3972:
3924:
3868:
3680:Margaret Olwill
3585:
3489:
3411:
3324:
3275:
3173:
3057:George A. Marsh
3021:
2943:
2922:Erie L. Hackley
2839:
2834:Dwight L. Moody
2770:
2632:City of Everett
2597:Carthaginian II
2575:Carl D. Bradley
2531:
2394:
2243:Albert C. Field
2202:Admiral Sampson
2142:
2129:
2114:
1985:
1966:
1947:
1911:
1892:Rapid Bay jetty
1853:
1720:
1719:Reef dive sites
1705:
1646:Similan Islands
1636:Shaʽb Abu Nuħas
1621:Rottnest Island
1581:Pescador Island
1561:Neptune Islands
1526:Lighthouse Reef
1326:
1315:
1310:
1251:Wayback Machine
1230:
1217:
1215:
1208:
1200:
1198:Further reading
1195:
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480:
420:
394:
358:
306:
275:Great Blue Hole
259:
197:
186:Great Blue Hole
166:South China Sea
131:
99:Great Blue Hole
34:, located near
32:Great Blue Hole
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5460:
5450:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5432:Marine geology
5429:
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5336:
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5295:
5292:
5291:
5289:Related topics
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5206:Training sites
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4972:Chinhoyi Caves
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4278:Royal Adelaide
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4228:Robert Wallace
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4141:Queen Victoria
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3440:Keystone State
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3410:
3409:
3402:
3394:
3391:John M. Osborn
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3312:Isaac M. Scott
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3257:
3250:
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3195:Henry Chisholm
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2998:
2995:Frank O'Connor
2990:
2987:Francis Hinton
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2875:Edgar E. Clark
2870:
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2625:City of Bangor
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2359:Arratoon Apcar
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2209:Adolphus Busch
2205:
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2095:Wardang Island
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1686:Tubbataha Reef
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1663:
1658:
1656:Socorro Island
1653:
1648:
1643:
1641:Shadwan Island
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1576:Panglao, Bohol
1573:
1568:
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1548:
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1541:Martin's Haven
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1228:External links
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1126:
1100:
1066:
1039:(1): 149–156.
1019:
984:Marine Geology
967:
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839:(1): 429–441.
810:
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748:
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705:. LiveScience.
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36:Ambergris Caye
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5179:Vortex Spring
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5139:Dutch Springs
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5107:
5103:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5077:Vortex Spring
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5002:Jordbrugrotta
5000:
4998:
4997:Hranice Abyss
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4966:
4965:Dzibilchaltun
4963:
4962:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4935:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4925:
4924:
4921:
4916:
4909:
4905:
4891:
4890:
4886:
4884:
4883:
4879:
4877:
4876:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4865:
4859:
4858:
4853:
4851:
4850:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4838:
4833:
4832:
4830:
4826:
4820:
4819:
4814:
4812:
4811:
4807:
4805:
4804:
4800:
4798:
4797:
4793:
4791:
4790:
4785:
4783:
4782:
4777:
4775:
4774:
4773:Washingtonian
4770:
4768:
4767:
4762:
4760:
4759:
4755:
4753:
4752:
4747:
4746:
4744:
4740:
4734:
4733:
4729:
4727:
4726:
4722:
4720:
4719:
4714:
4712:
4711:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4700:
4694:
4693:
4689:
4687:
4686:
4682:
4680:
4679:
4675:
4673:
4672:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4661:
4655:
4654:
4649:
4647:
4646:
4642:
4640:
4639:
4634:
4632:
4631:
4630:Torrey Canyon
4627:
4625:
4624:
4620:
4618:
4617:
4612:
4610:
4609:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4598:
4596:
4595:
4594:Thomas Wilson
4591:
4589:
4588:
4587:Thomas Friant
4584:
4582:
4581:
4577:
4575:
4574:
4570:
4568:
4567:
4562:
4560:
4559:
4554:
4552:
4551:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4540:
4534:
4533:
4529:
4527:
4526:
4521:
4519:
4518:
4517:Superior City
4513:
4511:
4510:
4505:
4503:
4502:
4501:Stepas Darius
4497:
4495:
4494:
4490:
4488:
4487:
4483:
4481:
4480:
4476:
4474:
4473:
4469:
4467:
4466:
4465:Spiegel Grove
4461:
4459:
4458:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4446:
4444:
4443:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4430:
4428:
4427:
4422:
4420:
4419:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4406:
4404:
4403:
4398:
4396:
4395:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4382:
4380:
4379:
4374:
4372:
4371:
4370:Sanko Harvest
4367:
4365:
4364:
4363:Samuel P. Ely
4360:
4358:
4357:
4356:Samuel Mather
4352:
4350:
4349:
4348:Salem Express
4345:
4343:
4342:
4338:
4336:
4335:
4330:
4328:
4327:
4323:
4321:
4320:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4308:
4302:
4301:
4296:
4294:
4293:
4289:
4287:
4286:
4285:Royal Charter
4282:
4280:
4279:
4275:
4273:
4272:
4271:Rouse Simmons
4268:
4266:
4265:
4261:
4259:
4258:
4254:
4252:
4251:
4247:
4245:
4244:
4240:
4238:
4237:
4232:
4230:
4229:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4210:
4208:
4207:
4202:
4200:
4199:
4194:
4192:
4191:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4179:
4177:
4176:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4164:
4162:
4161:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4149:
4143:
4142:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4130:
4124:
4123:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4096:
4094:
4093:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4081:
4079:
4078:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4065:
4063:
4062:
4058:
4056:
4055:
4050:
4048:
4047:
4042:
4040:
4039:
4034:
4032:
4031:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4012:
4010:
4009:
4004:
4002:
4001:
3996:
3994:
3993:
3989:
3987:
3986:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3975:
3969:
3968:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3957:
3955:
3954:
3949:
3947:
3946:
3941:
3939:
3938:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3927:
3921:
3920:
3916:
3914:
3913:
3908:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3898:
3896:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3885:
3883:
3882:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3871:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3854:
3852:
3851:
3846:
3844:
3843:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3814:
3812:
3811:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3789:
3788:
3784:
3782:
3781:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3745:
3743:
3742:
3737:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3728:
3727:
3722:
3720:
3719:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3707:
3705:
3704:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3668:
3663:
3661:
3660:
3656:
3654:
3653:
3649:
3647:
3646:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3624:
3623:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3577:
3575:
3574:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3514:
3512:
3511:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3486:
3485:
3484:Kyle Spangler
3481:
3479:
3478:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3462:Kizugawa Maru
3459:
3457:
3456:
3451:
3449:
3448:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3434:
3433:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3414:
3408:
3407:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3399:John Mitchell
3395:
3393:
3392:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3384:John B. Cowle
3380:
3378:
3377:
3376:J.S. Seaverns
3373:
3371:
3370:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3321:
3320:
3316:
3314:
3313:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3214:
3212:
3211:
3210:Hermann Künne
3207:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3163:Gregory Poole
3159:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3072:George M. Cox
3069:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3042:General Botha
3038:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3009:Fujikawa Maru
3006:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2989:
2988:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2918:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2561:Cape Henlopen
2557:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2125:
2121:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1981:
1977:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1877:Merkanti Reef
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1829:Second Valley
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1799:Kennack Sands
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1744:Darwin's Arch
1742:
1740:
1739:Daedalus Reef
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1716:
1712:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1661:Sound of Mull
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1601:Puerto Galera
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1571:Palancar Reef
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1551:Molasses Reef
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1516:Kadmat Island
1514:
1512:
1509:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1307:
1302:
1300:
1295:
1293:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1214:
1207:
1202:
1201:
1188:
1181:
1166:
1162:
1155:
1140:
1136:
1130:
1115:
1114:Science Alert
1111:
1104:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1073:
1071:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1033:Hydrobiologia
1030:
1023:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
974:
972:
963:
959:
954:
949:
945:
941:
936:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
904:
902:
885:
881:
877:
870:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
823:
821:
819:
817:
815:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
767:
759:
752:
744:
740:
733:
731:
722:
715:
713:
704:
697:
689:
685:
680:
675:
671:
667:
663:
656:
648:
646:9781452595993
642:
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367:detrital peat
364:
356:Sedimentation
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5427:Cave geology
5403:
5319:Scuba diving
5271:Swanage Pier
5037:Ricks Spring
5032:Pollatoomary
4932:
4922:
4887:
4881:
4874:
4856:
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4818:Wilkes-Barre
4817:
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4692:Um El Faroud
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4394:S.C. Baldwin
4393:
4386:Saskatchewan
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4213:Riva Palacio
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3741:Midland City
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3447:King Cruiser
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3240:Hilma Hooker
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3079:Georg Thiele
3078:
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3065:George Dewey
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3014:
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2797:David Tucker
2796:
2790:Daniel Lyons
2789:
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2748:
2741:
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2727:
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2475:Bloemfontein
2474:
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2428:
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2414:
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2388:
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2343:
2337:Aratama Maru
2335:
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2294:Andrea Doria
2293:
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2163:
2155:
2070:
2063:
2004:Chuuk Lagoon
1999:Calve Island
1907:Osborne Reef
1824:Portsea Hole
1814:Octopus Hole
1804:The Manacles
1729:Azure Window
1616:Rondo Island
1469:Gili Islands
1419:Calve Island
1345:Aliwal Shoal
1216:. Retrieved
1212:
1180:
1168:. Retrieved
1164:
1154:
1142:. Retrieved
1138:
1129:
1117:. Retrieved
1113:
1103:
1091:. Retrieved
1087:the original
1082:
1036:
1032:
1022:
987:
983:
917:
913:
888:. Retrieved
884:the original
869:
836:
832:
780:
776:
766:
751:
743:the original
696:
669:
665:
655:
637:The Real Why
636:
630:
622:
617:
547:
532:
526:January 2024
523:
508:Please help
496:
478:Diving risks
469:
465:Green Banana
433:
425:
421:
395:
388:were found.
378:
359:
338:foraminifera
335:
323:
307:
283:
267:Bahama Banks
260:
244:
240:
225:
217:
198:
190:
188:in Belize).
158:Chetumal Bay
151:
132:
121:rather than
112:
108:
107:
66:
64:
5339:Wall diving
5266:Stoney Cove
5144:Ewens Ponds
5027:Pluragrotta
4992:Fossil Cave
4955:Boesmansgat
4787:HMNZS
4749:HMNZS
4651:HMNZS
4601:Thunderbolt
4580:Thistlegorm
4556:USCGC
4532:Sweepstakes
4509:St Lawrence
4100:Port Napier
4092:Port Kembla
4084:Pool Fisher
4077:Point Swift
3850:RMS Mulheim
3793:USCGC
3557:Louis Sheid
3510:Lady Thetis
3319:Island City
3034:Gallinipper
3002:F.T. Barney
2818:USCGC
2763:USCGC
2681:USCGC
2668:Clan Ranald
2559:USCGC
2553:Cape Breton
2489:Brian Davis
2473:HMSAS
2435:USCGC
2389:Australasia
2265:Al Munassir
2216:Aeolian Sky
2138:115 (barge)
2090:Ve Skerries
1962:Fungus Rock
1953:Snorkelling
1809:Magic Point
1784:Gamul Kebir
1774:French Reef
1566:Osprey Reef
1504:Sodwana Bay
1464:Għar Qawqla
1377:Bay of Pigs
1352:Amed (Bali)
1093:October 29,
920:(1): 5949.
783:: 202–208.
429:stalactites
418:Expeditions
412:hypersaline
386:Hydrobiidae
382:Charophytes
203:, when the
178:Long Island
162:Dragon Hole
129:Description
119:groundwater
95:Dragon Hole
5421:Categories
5370:Category:
5216:Blue Abyss
5189:Wazee Lake
5184:Wast Water
5169:Rum Jungle
5017:Nereo Cave
4855:HMCS
4789:Wellington
4766:Warrior II
4623:Tokai Maru
4614:HMAS
4523:HMAS
4479:Stanegarth
4160:R.P. Resor
4028:HMAS
4015:Pedernales
3919:Northerner
3842:M.M. Drake
3718:Mercedes I
3701:USAT
3687:Marguerite
3540:USAT
3503:Lady Elgin
3432:Kashi Maru
3268:HMAS
3203:Hephaestus
3133:Gothenburg
2890:Ellengowan
2812:D.R. Hanna
2749:Cumberland
2728:Coronation
2703:HMAS
2697:Constandis
2611:Cedarville
2551:HMCS
2543:HMAS
2503:HMHS
2495:HMAS
2444:Binnendijk
2406:HMAS
2323:Appomattox
2193:HMAS
2172:Aaron Ward
2054:Scapa Flow
1819:Pope's Eye
1701:Weh Island
1606:Punta Cana
1546:Marsa Alam
1536:Malapascua
1362:Apo Island
1218:1 February
990:: 106051.
609:References
458:, and the
371:lacustrine
346:detrivores
257:Occurrence
232:topography
109:Blue holes
91:coral reef
5447:Sinkholes
5437:Sea caves
5381:Commons:
5087:Wondergat
5042:The Shaft
4933:Blue hole
4928:Blauhöhle
4882:Zealandia
4835:USS
4816:USS
4810:Wisconsin
4718:Vermilion
4716:USS
4638:Transvaal
4636:SAS
4564:USS
4463:USS
4440:HMS
4424:HMS
4418:Scrimmage
4408:USS
4376:USS
4317:HMS
4236:Rochester
4204:RMS
4098:HMS
4061:Piłsudski
4054:Pilotfish
4044:SAS
3960:Oslofjord
3951:USS
3832:HMS
3808:RMS
3772:Milwaukee
3756:Minnedosa
3695:Mauna Loa
3665:HMS
3637:Mayflower
3630:Marquette
3620:SMS
3607:Mackenzie
3597:HMS
3580:Lumberman
3571:USS
3565:L.R. Doty
3550:Louisiana
3516:HMS
3470:Kronprinz
3468:SMS
3455:Kittiwake
3304:Ironsides
3260:HMS
3155:Green Bay
3126:Goorangai
3118:Good Hope
3116:SAS
3085:HMS
2971:Fleetwing
2955:HMS
2912:RMS
2881:HMT
2867:Eber Ward
2859:Eastfield
2803:SMS
2755:USS
2726:HMS
2711:SMS
2646:Chaudière
2581:USS
2519:Bungsberg
2505:Britannic
2458:HMS
2450:USS
2429:Bianca C.
2415:Ben Doran
2380:USS
2365:USS
2350:USS
2314:USS
2285:USS
2272:Amaryllis
2249:USS
2222:USS
2185:USS
2179:Abessinia
2170:USS
2162:HMS
2154:HMS
2024:Loch Long
2009:Coron Bay
1849:Wolf Rock
1834:Sund Rock
1459:False Bay
1424:Capurganá
1392:Bohol Sea
1053:0018-8158
1014:210620656
944:2045-2322
890:April 24,
861:227165038
853:1431-2174
805:131414364
797:0749-0208
688:2296-7745
497:does not
392:Chemistry
342:nematodes
310:crocodile
304:Diversity
290:Blue Hole
220:halocline
213:limestone
205:sea level
195:Formation
144:carbonate
87:limestone
85:bedrock (
83:carbonate
67:blue hole
61:, Bahamas
5231:Deepspot
4710:Varvassi
4645:Treasure
4608:Toa Maru
4486:Stanwood
4378:Saratoga
4334:Saguenay
4326:Sagamore
4250:Rosehill
4158:SS
4139:PS
3953:Oriskany
3864:SS Myron
3858:Muliphen
3848:MV
3826:Monrovia
3810:Moldavia
3749:Mindanao
3733:Metamora
3726:Mesquite
3693:SS
3673:SS Maori
3622:Markgraf
3526:Lakeland
3425:Kamloops
3247:Hispania
3103:Glenlyon
3016:Fumizuki
2977:SS
2957:Falmouth
2827:Dunraven
2765:Cuyahoga
2735:Crusader
2713:Cormoran
2683:Comanche
2654:Chen Hai
2590:Carnatic
2583:Carlisle
2545:Canberra
2497:Brisbane
2460:Boadicea
2352:Arkansas
2308:Antilles
2287:Anderson
2195:Adelaide
2187:Accokeek
2072:Tulamben
1759:Eyemouth
1734:Cod Hole
1556:Molokini
1429:Ċirkewwa
1367:Apo Reef
1247:Archived
962:32249806
557:See also
407:meteoric
363:sapropel
314:tortoise
294:Castalia
201:ice ages
140:bacteria
123:seawater
75:sinkhole
38:, Belize
5251:Nemo 33
5092:Zacatón
4889:Zingara
4875:Zenobia
4849:Yongala
4796:Wexford
4781:Waubuno
4751:Waikato
4558:Tamaroa
4410:Scuffle
4264:Rotorua
4257:Rosinco
4198:Repulse
4107:Preußen
4069:Pioneer
4038:Pewabic
4022:Persier
4008:Papoose
3904:Nipigon
3895:Niagara
3888:Niagara
3834:Montagu
3818:Monarch
3802:Mohegan
3764:Miowera
3614:Madeira
3573:LST-507
3542:Liberty
3518:Laforey
3169:Gunilda
3148:Grecian
3095:Gilliam
2938:Etruria
2930:Espagne
2906:Emperor
2805:Dresden
2675:Clifton
2512:Bud Bar
2422:Benwood
2408:Bayonet
2382:Atlanta
2374:Atlanta
2301:Antilla
2279:America
1839:St Abbs
1764:Fanadir
1676:Taganga
1651:Sipadan
1439:Cozumel
1402:Bunaken
1170:23 July
1144:23 July
1119:23 July
1061:6616006
992:Bibcode
953:7136235
922:Bibcode
518:removed
503:sources
350:abyssal
182:Bahamas
114:cenotes
5402:
5174:Silfra
4960:Cenote
4843:YO-257
4837:Yancey
4732:Vienna
4725:Vernon
4685:U-1195
4616:Tobruk
4573:Thesis
4566:Tarpon
4493:Stella
4448:USCGC
4426:Scylla
4402:Schurz
4341:Sakawa
4319:Safari
4300:Russia
4190:Regina
4175:Rankin
4167:Radaas
4075:USCGC
3937:Oceana
3912:Norman
3881:Nagato
3795:Mohawk
3787:Miztec
3780:Mizpah
3724:USCGC
3659:Maloja
3639:(scow)
3534:Lamson
3477:Kyarra
3270:Hobart
3233:Hesper
3218:Hermes
3087:Ghurka
2898:Emmons
2705:Coogee
2604:Cayuga
2452:Blenny
2344:Arctic
2330:Aquila
2316:Apogon
2258:Algoma
2224:Aeolus
2065:Tulagi
1521:Ko Tao
1357:Anilao
1335:Akumal
1059:
1051:
1012:
960:
950:
942:
859:
851:
803:
795:
686:
643:
454:, the
403:anoxic
369:, and
279:Belize
136:anoxic
71:cavern
4857:Yukon
4678:U-352
4550:Tahoe
4472:Sport
4442:Sidon
4384:HMCS
4332:HMCS
4243:Rondo
4206:Rhone
4030:Perth
4000:Panay
3967:Ozone
3945:Onoko
3902:HMCS
3897:(tug)
3710:Mendi
3703:Meigs
3667:Maori
3652:Maine
3605:HMCS
3360:HMAS
3352:HMAS
3344:HMAS
3336:HMAS
3296:Indra
3288:Igara
3187:Haven
3124:HMAS
3048:USNS
3040:SATS
2852:Eagle
2820:Duane
2783:Dania
2690:Comet
2652:ROCS
2526:Byron
2482:Breda
2467:Booya
2251:Algol
1955:sites
1691:Utila
1209:(PDF)
1057:S2CID
1010:S2CID
857:S2CID
801:S2CID
374:marls
286:karst
228:Karst
4764:HMS
4671:U-40
4525:Swan
4507:HMS
4450:Spar
4416:USS
4400:USS
4292:Rozi
4234:USS
4196:HMS
4173:USS
4120:HMS
4052:USS
3856:USS
3778:USS
3747:USS
3532:USS
3453:USS
3406:Jura
3294:USS
3262:Hood
3254:Home
3216:HMS
3093:USS
2964:Fifi
2896:USS
2757:Curb
2742:Cuba
2437:Bibb
2236:Ajax
1489:Haql
1220:2017
1172:2020
1146:2020
1121:2020
1095:2019
1049:ISSN
958:PMID
940:ISSN
892:2016
849:ISSN
793:ISSN
684:ISSN
641:ISBN
501:any
499:cite
384:and
312:and
298:Ohio
147:sand
101:and
79:bank
30:The
4779:PS
4653:Tui
4515:SS
4499:SS
4432:SS
4392:SS
4354:SS
4298:SS
4226:SS
4188:SS
4090:SS
4067:SS
4036:SS
4006:SS
3998:SS
3992:P31
3985:P29
3943:SS
3910:SS
3840:SS
3824:SS
3816:SS
3770:SS
3762:SS
3739:SS
3716:MV
3678:SS
3628:SS
3563:SS
3548:SS
3524:SS
3501:PS
3438:PS
3423:SS
3397:SS
3382:SS
3310:SS
3302:SS
3231:SS
3201:MT
3193:SS
3185:MT
3161:MV
3146:SS
3101:SS
3063:SS
2993:SS
2985:SS
2936:SS
2928:SS
2920:SS
2904:SS
2883:Elk
2873:SS
2865:SS
1041:doi
1037:677
1000:doi
988:419
948:PMC
930:doi
841:doi
785:doi
781:221
674:doi
512:by
330:POC
326:DOC
292:in
176:on
156:in
89:or
73:or
5423::
3599:M2
3362:J5
3354:J4
3346:J2
3338:J1
2164:A3
2156:A1
1211:.
1163:.
1137:.
1112:.
1081:.
1069:^
1055:.
1047:.
1035:.
1031:.
1008:.
998:.
986:.
982:.
970:^
956:.
946:.
938:.
928:.
918:10
916:.
912:.
900:^
878:.
855:.
847:.
837:29
835:.
831:.
813:^
799:.
791:.
779:.
775:.
729:^
711:^
682:.
672:.
670:11
668:.
664:.
450:,
446:,
365:,
328:,
300:.
296:,
281:.
253:.
180:,
125:.
105:.
65:A
4867:Z
4828:Y
4742:W
4702:V
4663:U
4542:T
4310:S
4151:R
4132:Q
3977:P
3929:O
3873:N
3590:M
3494:L
3416:K
3329:J
3280:I
3178:H
3026:G
2948:F
2844:E
2775:D
2536:C
2399:B
2147:A
1305:e
1298:t
1291:v
1222:.
1174:.
1148:.
1123:.
1097:.
1063:.
1043::
1002::
994::
964:.
932::
924::
894:.
863:.
843::
807:.
787::
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676::
649:.
539:)
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524:(
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506:.
463:"
23:.
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