Bluetooth - Knowledge

2958:(NIST) published a Guide to Bluetooth Security as a reference for organizations. It describes Bluetooth security capabilities and how to secure Bluetooth technologies effectively. While Bluetooth has its benefits, it is susceptible to denial-of-service attacks, eavesdropping, man-in-the-middle attacks, message modification, and resource misappropriation. Users and organizations must evaluate their acceptable level of risk and incorporate security into the lifecycle of Bluetooth devices. To help mitigate risks, included in the NIST document are security checklists with guidelines and recommendations for creating and maintaining secure Bluetooth piconets, headsets, and smart card readers. 1223: 3035:) showed that the range of Class 2 Bluetooth radios could be extended to 1.78 km (1.11 mi) with directional antennas and signal amplifiers. This poses a potential security threat because it enables attackers to access vulnerable Bluetooth devices from a distance beyond expectation. The attacker must also be able to receive information from the victim to set up a connection. No attack can be made against a Bluetooth device unless the attacker knows its Bluetooth address and which channels to transmit on, although these can be deduced within a few minutes if the device is in use. 930:

when a Class 2 device is connecting to a Class 1 transceiver with both higher sensitivity and transmission power than a typical Class 2 device. In general, however, Class 1 devices have sensitivities similar to those of Class 2 devices. Connecting two Class 1 devices with both high sensitivity and high power can allow ranges far in excess of the typical 100 m, depending on the throughput required by the application. Some such devices allow open field ranges of up to 1 km and beyond between two similar devices without exceeding legal emission limits.

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pairing. The active method makes use of a specially constructed message that must be inserted at a specific point in the protocol, to make the master and slave repeat the pairing process. After that, the first method can be used to crack the PIN. This attack's major weakness is that it requires the user of the devices under attack to re-enter the PIN during the attack when the device prompts them to. Also, this active attack probably requires custom hardware, since most commercially available Bluetooth devices are not capable of the timing necessary.

1280: 47: 156: 371: 2829:: If both devices have a display, and at least one can accept a binary yes/no user input, they may use Numeric Comparison. This method displays a 6-digit numeric code on each device. The user should compare the numbers to ensure they are identical. If the comparison succeeds, the user(s) should confirm pairing on the device(s) that can accept an input. This method provides MITM protection, assuming the user confirms on both devices and actually performs the comparison properly. 1333:, HID, HCRP. The Windows XP stack can be replaced by a third party stack that supports more profiles or newer Bluetooth versions. The Windows Vista/Windows 7 Bluetooth stack supports vendor-supplied additional profiles without requiring that the Microsoft stack be replaced. Windows 8 and later support Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). It is generally recommended to install the latest vendor driver and its associated stack to be able to use the Bluetooth device at its fullest extent. 576:

608507, for communication between a cellular phone and a vehicle's audio system. At the time, Sony/Ericsson had only a minor market share in the cellular phone market, which was dominated in the US by Nokia and Motorola. Due to ongoing negotiations for an intended licensing agreement with Motorola beginning in the late 1990s, Vosi could not publicly disclose the intention, integration, and initial development of other enabled devices which were to be the first "

355: 11362: 2345: 980: 384: 11372: 345: 11351: 1268: 11382: 2709:. The pairing process is triggered either by a specific request from a user to generate a bond (for example, the user explicitly requests to "Add a Bluetooth device"), or it is triggered automatically when connecting to a service where (for the first time) the identity of a device is required for security purposes. These two cases are referred to as dedicated bonding and general bonding respectively. 329: 2835:: This method may be used between a device with a display and a device with numeric keypad entry (such as a keyboard), or two devices with numeric keypad entry. In the first case, the display presents a 6-digit numeric code to the user, who then enters the code on the keypad. In the second case, the user of each device enters the same 6-digit number. Both of these cases provide MITM protection. 2663:

list above if requested. Use of a device's services may require pairing or acceptance by its owner, but the connection itself can be initiated by any device and held until it goes out of range. Some devices can be connected to only one device at a time, and connecting to them prevents them from connecting to other devices and appearing in inquiries until they disconnect from the other device.

2823:: As the name implies, this method just works, with no user interaction. However, a device may prompt the user to confirm the pairing process. This method is typically used by headsets with minimal IO capabilities, and is more secure than the fixed PIN mechanism this limited set of devices uses for legacy pairing. This method provides no man-in-the-middle (MITM) protection. 592:, Vosi introduced and disclosed its intent to integrate Bluetooth in its devices. In the early 2000s a legal battle ensued between Vosi and Motorola, which indefinitely suspended release of the devices. Later, Motorola implemented it in their devices which initiated the significant propagation of Bluetooth in the public market due to its large market share at the time. 1329:

drivers and thus require at least Windows XP Service Pack 2. Windows Vista RTM/SP1 with the Feature Pack for Wireless or Windows Vista SP2 work with Bluetooth v2.1+EDR. Windows 7 works with Bluetooth v2.1+EDR and Extended Inquiry Response (EIR). The Windows XP and Windows Vista/Windows 7 Bluetooth stacks support the following Bluetooth profiles natively: PAN, SPP,

2166:. Compared to regular Bluetooth Audio, Bluetooth Low Energy Audio makes lower battery consumption possible and creates a standardized way of transmitting audio over BT LE. Bluetooth LE Audio also allows one-to-many and many-to-one transmission, allowing multiple receivers from one source or one receiver for multiple sources, known as Auracast. It uses a new 2943:. Bluetooth key generation is generally based on a Bluetooth PIN, which must be entered into both devices. This procedure might be modified if one of the devices has a fixed PIN (e.g., for headsets or similar devices with a restricted user interface). During pairing, an initialization key or master key is generated, using the E22 algorithm. The 3139:". The exploits allow an attacker to connect to devices or systems without authentication and can give them "virtually full control over the device". Armis contacted Google, Microsoft, Apple, Samsung and Linux developers allowing them to patch their software before the coordinated announcement of the vulnerabilities on 12 September 2017. 2801:: PCs and smartphones are examples of these devices. They allow a user to enter full UTF-8 text as a PIN code. If pairing with a less capable device the user must be aware of the input limitations on the other device; there is no mechanism available for a capable device to determine how it should limit the available input a user may use. 2301:

a Link Controller; and interfaces with the host device; but some functions may be delegated to hardware. The Link Controller is responsible for the processing of the baseband and the management of ARQ and physical layer FEC protocols. In addition, it handles the transfer functions (both asynchronous and synchronous), audio coding (e.g.

3055:) using Bluetooth enabled devices to replicate itself and spread to other devices. The worm is self-installing and begins once the mobile user approves the transfer of the file (Velasco.sis) from another device. Once installed, the worm begins looking for other Bluetooth enabled devices to infect. Additionally, the worm infects other 734:μs. In the simple case of single-slot packets, the master transmits in even slots and receives in odd slots. The slave, conversely, receives in even slots and transmits in odd slots. Packets may be 1, 3, or 5 slots long, but in all cases, the master's transmission begins in even slots and the slave's in odd slots. 1690:

loop power control, meaning RSSI filtering can start as the response is received. Additionally, a "go straight to maximum power" request has been introduced. This is expected to deal with the headset link loss issue typically observed when a user puts their phone into a pocket on the opposite side to the headset.

2305:) and data encryption. The CPU of the device is responsible for attending the instructions related to Bluetooth of the host device, in order to simplify its operation. To do this, the CPU runs software called Link Manager that has the function of communicating with other devices through the LMP protocol. 1603:, which implies that EDR is an optional feature. Aside from EDR, the v2.0 specification contains other minor improvements, and products may claim compliance to "Bluetooth v2.0" without supporting the higher data rate. At least one commercial device states "Bluetooth v2.0 without EDR" on its data sheet. 3294:

The Bluetooth Innovation World Cup, a marketing initiative of the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG), was an international competition that encouraged the development of innovations for applications leveraging Bluetooth technology in sports, fitness and health care products. The competition aimed

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Bluejacking is the sending of either a picture or a message from one user to an unsuspecting user through Bluetooth wireless technology. Common applications include short messages, e.g., "You've just been bluejacked!" Bluejacking does not involve the removal or alteration of any data from the device.

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stream cipher is used for encrypting packets, granting confidentiality, and is based on a shared cryptographic secret, namely a previously generated link key or master key. Those keys, used for subsequent encryption of data sent via the air interface, rely on the Bluetooth PIN, which has been entered

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Pairing often involves some level of user interaction. This user interaction confirms the identity of the devices. When pairing completes, a bond forms between the two devices, enabling those two devices to connect in the future without repeating the pairing process to confirm device identities. When

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Many services offered over Bluetooth can expose private data or let a connecting party control the Bluetooth device. Security reasons make it necessary to recognize specific devices, and thus enable control over which devices can connect to a given Bluetooth device. At the same time, it is useful for

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as a high-speed transport. The high-speed part of the specification is not mandatory, and hence only devices that display the "+HS" logo actually support Bluetooth over 802.11 high-speed data transfer. A Bluetooth v3.0 device without the "+HS" suffix is only required to support features introduced in

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and SP3 releases work natively with Bluetooth v1.1, v2.0 and v2.0+EDR. Previous versions required users to install their Bluetooth adapter's own drivers, which were not directly supported by Microsoft. Microsoft's own Bluetooth dongles (packaged with their Bluetooth computer devices) have no external

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Most Bluetooth applications are battery-powered Class 2 devices, with little difference in range whether the other end of the link is a Class 1 or Class 2 device as the lower-powered device tends to set the range limit. In some cases the effective range of the data link can be extended

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In October 2006, at the Luxembourgish Hack.lu Security Conference, Kevin Finistere and Thierry Zoller demonstrated and released a remote root shell via Bluetooth on Mac OS X v10.3.9 and v10.4. They also demonstrated the first Bluetooth PIN and Linkkeys cracker, which is based on the research of Wool

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The hardware that makes up the Bluetooth device is made up of, logically, two parts; which may or may not be physically separate. A radio device, responsible for modulating and transmitting the signal; and a digital controller. The digital controller is likely a CPU, one of whose functions is to run

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Mbit/s burst) at the expense of range, or provide up to four times the range at the expense of data rate. The increase in transmissions could be important for Internet of Things devices, where many nodes connect throughout a whole house. Bluetooth 5 increases capacity of connectionless services such

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offering released on 9 February 2018. Marketing drops the point number; so that it is just "Bluetooth 5" (unlike Bluetooth 4.0); the change is for the sake of "Simplifying our marketing, communicating user benefits more effectively and making it easier to signal significant technology updates to the

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Cost-reduced single-mode chips, which enable highly integrated and compact devices, feature a lightweight Link Layer providing ultra-low power idle mode operation, simple device discovery, and reliable point-to-multipoint data transfer with advanced power-save and secure encrypted connections at the

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The effective range varies depending on propagation conditions, material coverage, production sample variations, antenna configurations and battery conditions. Most Bluetooth applications are for indoor conditions, where attenuation of walls and signal fading due to signal reflections make the range

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Bluetooth services generally require either encryption or authentication and as such require pairing before they let a remote device connect. Some services, such as the Object Push Profile, elect not to explicitly require authentication or encryption so that pairing does not interfere with the user

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Any device may perform an inquiry to find other devices to connect to, and any device can be configured to respond to such inquiries. However, if the device trying to connect knows the address of the device, it always responds to direct connection requests and transmits the information shown in the

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The Bluetooth SIG announced formal adoption of the Bluetooth v4.1 specification on 4 December 2013. This specification is an incremental software update to Bluetooth Specification v4.0, and not a hardware update. The update incorporates Bluetooth Core Specification Addenda (CSA 1, 2, 3 & 4) and

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and even watches. Nonetheless, Bluetooth is useful when transferring information between two or more devices that are near each other in low-bandwidth situations. Bluetooth is commonly used to transfer sound data with telephones (i.e., with a Bluetooth headset) or byte data with hand-held computers

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pairing between commercial Bluetooth devices. They confirmed that attacks are practicably fast, and the Bluetooth symmetric key establishment method is vulnerable. To rectify this vulnerability, they designed an implementation that showed that stronger, asymmetric key establishment is feasible for

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Updates the power control feature to remove the open loop power control, and also to clarify ambiguities in power control introduced by the new modulation schemes added for EDR. Enhanced power control removes the ambiguities by specifying the behavior that is expected. The feature also adds closed

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Personal security application on mobile phones for prevention of theft or loss of items. The protected item has a Bluetooth marker (e.g., a tag) that is in constant communication with the phone. If the connection is broken (the marker is out of range of the phone) then an alarm is raised. This can

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Most cellular phones have the Bluetooth name set to the manufacturer and model of the phone by default. Most cellular phones and laptops show only the Bluetooth names and special programs are required to get additional information about remote devices. This can be confusing as, for example, there

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for transporting Bluetooth profile data. The Bluetooth radio is still used for device discovery, initial connection and profile configuration. However, when large quantities of data must be sent, the high-speed alternative MAC PHY 802.11 (typically associated with Wi-Fi) transports the data. This

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Profiles are definitions of possible applications and specify general behaviors that Bluetooth-enabled devices use to communicate with other Bluetooth devices. These profiles include settings to parameterize and to control the communication from the start. Adherence to profiles saves the time for

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A master BR/EDR Bluetooth device can communicate with a maximum of seven devices in a piconet (an ad hoc computer network using Bluetooth technology), though not all devices reach this maximum. The devices can switch roles, by agreement, and the slave can become the master (for example, a headset

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Since neither IBM ThinkPad notebooks nor Ericsson phones were the market share leaders in their respective markets at that time, Adalio Sanchez and Nils Rydbeck agreed to make the short-link technology an open industry standard to permit each player maximum market access. Ericsson contributed the

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and requires users to confirm the installation of unknown software before it can propagate. The virus was written as a proof-of-concept by a group of virus writers known as "29A" and sent to anti-virus groups. Thus, it should be regarded as a potential (but not real) security threat to Bluetooth

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Bluetooth's early incorporation into consumer electronics products continued at Vosi Technologies in Costa Mesa, California, initially overseen by founding members Bejan Amini and Tom Davidson. Vosi Technologies had been created by real estate developer Ivano Stegmenga, with United States Patent

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revealed a new class of attacks known as BLUFFS (Bluetooth Low Energy Forward and Future Secrecy Attacks). These 6 new attacks expand on and work in conjunction with the previously known KNOB and BIAS (Bluetooth Impersonation AttackS) attacks. While the previous KNOB and BIAS attacks allowed an

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In June 2005, Yaniv Shaked and Avishai Wool published a paper describing both passive and active methods for obtaining the PIN for a Bluetooth link. The passive attack allows a suitably equipped attacker to eavesdrop on communications and spoof if the attacker was present at the time of initial

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The Link Manager (LM) is the system that manages establishing the connection between devices. It is responsible for the establishment, authentication and configuration of the link. The Link Manager locates other managers and communicates with them via the management protocol of the LMP link. To

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High-level protocols such as the SDP (Protocol used to find other Bluetooth devices within the communication range, also responsible for detecting the function of devices in range), RFCOMM (Protocol used to emulate serial port connections) and TCS (Telephony control protocol) interact with the

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fashion. Since it is the master that chooses which slave to address, whereas a slave is (in theory) supposed to listen in each receive slot, being a master is a lighter burden than being a slave. Being a master of seven slaves is possible; being a slave of more than one master is possible. The

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The Bluetooth Innovation World Cup morphed into the Bluetooth Breakthrough Awards in 2013. Bluetooth SIG subsequently launched the Imagine Blue Award in 2016 at Bluetooth World. The Bluetooth Breakthrough Awards program highlights the most innovative products and applications available today,

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Bluetooth is defined as a layer protocol architecture consisting of core protocols, cable replacement protocols, telephony control protocols, and adopted protocols. Mandatory protocols for all Bluetooth stacks are LMP, L2CAP and SDP. In addition, devices that communicate with Bluetooth almost

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studied the idea. The conclusion was that power consumption on cellphone technology at that time was too high to allow viable integration into a notebook and still achieve adequate battery life. Instead, the two companies agreed to integrate Ericsson's short-link technology on both a ThinkPad

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Reliability in any of these modes is optionally and/or additionally guaranteed by the lower layer Bluetooth BDR/EDR air interface by configuring the number of retransmissions and flush timeout (time after which the radio flushes packets). In-order sequencing is guaranteed by the lower layer.

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discovered flaws in the Bluetooth pairing protocol and also pointed to vulnerabilities in the encryption scheme. In 2003, Ben and Adam Laurie from A.L. Digital Ltd. discovered that serious flaws in some poor implementations of Bluetooth security may lead to disclosure of personal data. In a

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that actually made it to store shelves in June 2001. However Ericsson released the R520m in Quarter 1 of 2001, making the R520m the first ever commercially available Bluetooth phone. In parallel, IBM introduced the IBM ThinkPad A30 in October 2001 which was the first notebook with

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was not yet readily available or supported in the public market. Vosi had begun to develop the Vosi Cello integrated vehicular system and some other internet connected devices, one of which was intended to be a table-top device named the Vosi Symphony, networked with Bluetooth. Through the

1771:, previously known as Wibree, is a subset of Bluetooth v4.0 with an entirely new protocol stack for rapid build-up of simple links. As an alternative to the Bluetooth standard protocols that were introduced in Bluetooth v1.0 to v3.0, it is aimed at very low power applications powered by a 1633:

Version 3.0 + HS of the Bluetooth Core Specification was adopted by the Bluetooth SIG on 21 April 2009. Bluetooth v3.0 + HS provides theoretical data transfer speeds of up to 24 Mbit/s, though not over the Bluetooth link itself. Instead, the Bluetooth link is used for negotiation and

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Also, in October 2018, Karim Lounis, a network security researcher at Queen's University, identified a security vulnerability, called CDV (Connection Dumping Vulnerability), on various Bluetooth devices that allows an attacker to tear down an existing Bluetooth connection and cause the

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is also possible, even in modern devices, by sending unsolicited pairing requests in rapid succession; this becomes disruptive because most systems display a full screen notification for every connection request, interrupting every other activity, especially on less powerful devices.

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perform its function as a service provider, the LM uses the services included in the Link Controller (LC). The Link Manager Protocol basically consists of several PDUs (Protocol Data Units) that are sent from one device to another. The following is a list of supported services:

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and Sven Mattisson with developing. Both were working for Ericsson in Lund. Principal design and development began in 1994 and by 1997 the team had a workable solution. From 1997 Örjan Johansson became the project leader and propelled the technology and standardization.

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Later, when it came time to select a serious name, Bluetooth was to be replaced with either RadioWire or PAN (Personal Area Networking). PAN was the front runner, but an exhaustive search discovered it already had tens of thousands of hits throughout the internet.

2559:(TCS BIN) is the bit-oriented protocol that defines the call control signaling for the establishment of voice and data calls between Bluetooth devices. Additionally, "TCS BIN defines mobility management procedures for handling groups of Bluetooth TCS devices." 3171:

discovered a vulnerability, called KNOB (Key Negotiation of Bluetooth) in the key negotiation that would "brute force the negotiated encryption keys, decrypt the eavesdropped ciphertext, and inject valid encrypted messages (in real-time)". Google released an

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attacker to decrypt and spoof Bluetooth packets within a session, BLUFFS extends this capability to all sessions generated by a device (including past, present, and future). All devices running Bluetooth versions 4.2 up to and including 5.4 are effected.

1178:(RTLS) are used to track and identify the location of objects in real time using "Nodes" or "tags" attached to, or embedded in, the objects tracked, and "Readers" that receive and process the wireless signals from these tags to determine their locations. 3090:, England, issued warnings about thieves using Bluetooth enabled phones to track other devices left in cars. Police are advising users to ensure that any mobile networking connections are de-activated if laptops and other devices are left in this way. 295:

A full trademark search on RadioWire couldn't be completed in time for launch, making Bluetooth the only choice. The name caught on fast and before it could be changed, it spread throughout the industry, becoming synonymous with short-range wireless

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Link keys may be stored on the device file system, not on the Bluetooth chip itself. Many Bluetooth chip manufacturers let link keys be stored on the device—however, if the device is removable, this means that the link key moves with the device.

2845:(NFC) to exchange some information used in the pairing process. Pairing is completed using the Bluetooth radio, but requires information from the OOB mechanism. This provides only the level of MITM protection that is present in the OOB mechanism. 1825:

In a dual-mode implementation, Bluetooth Smart functionality is integrated into an existing Classic Bluetooth controller. As of March 2011, the following semiconductor companies have announced the availability of chips meeting the standard:

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Permits sending service data without establishing an explicit L2CAP channel. It is intended for use by applications that require low latency between user action and reconnection/transmission of data. This is only appropriate for small amounts of

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At any given time, data can be transferred between the master and one other device (except for the little-used broadcast mode). The master chooses which slave device to address; typically, it switches rapidly from one device to another in a

2170:. BLE Audio will also add support for hearing aids. On 12 July 2022, the Bluetooth SIG announced the completion of Bluetooth LE Audio. The standard has a lower minimum latency claim of 20–30 ms vs Bluetooth Classic audio of 100–200 ms. At 5711:

IEEE Standard for Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between Systems – LAN/MAN – Specific Requirements – Part 15: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Wireless Personal Area Networks

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Historically, the Bluetooth range was defined by the radio class, with a lower class (and higher output power) having larger range. The actual range of a given link depends on several qualities of both communicating devices and the

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IEEE Standard for Information technology-- Local and metropolitan area networks-- Specific requirements-- Part 15.1a: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications for Wireless Personal Area Networks

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Many Bluetooth applications use RFCOMM because of its widespread support and publicly available API on most operating systems. Additionally, applications that used a serial port to communicate can be quickly ported to use RFCOMM.

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Prior to Bluetooth v2.1, encryption is not required and can be turned off at any time. Moreover, the encryption key is only good for approximately 23.5 hours; using a single encryption key longer than this time allows simple

2670:. However, these addresses are generally not shown in inquiries. Instead, friendly Bluetooth names are used, which can be set by the user. This name appears when another user scans for devices and in lists of paired devices. 5815: 2490:

RFCOMM provides a simple, reliable, data stream to the user, similar to TCP. It is used directly by many telephony related profiles as a carrier for AT commands, as well as being a transport layer for OBEX over Bluetooth.

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adds new features that improve consumer usability. These include increased co-existence support for LTE, bulk data exchange rates—and aid developer innovation by allowing devices to support multiple roles simultaneously.

6754: 922:. The primary attributes affecting range are the data rate, protocol (Bluetooth Classic or Bluetooth Low Energy), transmission power, and receiver sensitivity, and the relative orientations and gains of both antennas. 1783:(Ultra Low Power) were abandoned and the BLE name was used for a while. In late 2011, new logos "Bluetooth Smart Ready" for hosts and "Bluetooth Smart" for sensors were introduced as the general-public face of BLE. 674:(differential quadrature phase-shift keying) and 8-DPSK modulation may also be used between compatible devices. Devices functioning with GFSK are said to be operating in basic rate (BR) mode, where an instantaneous 2507:(BNEP) is used for transferring another protocol stack's data via an L2CAP channel. Its main purpose is the transmission of IP packets in the Personal Area Networking Profile. BNEP performs a similar function to 1254:

Bluetooth protocols simplify the discovery and setup of services between devices. Bluetooth devices can advertise all of the services they provide. This makes using services easier, because more of the security,

4977:"Bluetooth hearing aids: Hearing aids with Bluetooth technology use today's wireless technology to help you easily stay connected to iOS and Android phones, televisions, tablets and other favorite audio devices" 8183:

Antonioli, Daniele (2023). "BLUFFS: Bluetooth Forward and Future Secrecy Attacks and Defenses". Proceedings of the 2023 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security (Report). pp. 636–650.

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Extended Synchronous Connections (eSCO), which improve voice quality of audio links by allowing retransmissions of corrupted packets, and may optionally increase audio latency to provide better concurrent data

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Adopted protocols are defined by other standards-making organizations and incorporated into Bluetooth's protocol stack, allowing Bluetooth to code protocols only when necessary. The adopted protocols include:

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Enhanced Retransmission Mode (ERTM) implements reliable L2CAP channel, while Streaming Mode (SM) implements unreliable channel with no retransmission or flow control. Introduced in Core Specification Addendum

1703:, but the WiMedia Alliance, the body responsible for the flavor of UWB intended for Bluetooth, announced in March 2009 that it was disbanding, and ultimately UWB was omitted from the Core v3.0 specification. 2460:(SDP) allows a device to discover services offered by other devices, and their associated parameters. For example, when you use a mobile phone with a Bluetooth headset, the phone uses SDP to determine which 3106:

published a report that warns of the large number of devices left in a visible state, and issued statistics on the spread of various Bluetooth services and the ease of spread of an eventual Bluetooth worm.

1714:(UWB) specifications. WiMedia has transferred all current and future specifications, including work on future high-speed and power-optimized implementations, to the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG), 971:

transmitting the parameters anew before the bi-directional link becomes effective. There are a wide range of Bluetooth profiles that describe many different types of applications or use cases for devices.

4472: 1625:(EIR), which provides more information during the inquiry procedure to allow better filtering of devices before connection; and sniff subrating, which reduces the power consumption in low-power mode. 2779:; pairing is only successful if both devices enter the same PIN code. Any 16-byte UTF-8 string may be used as a PIN code; however, not all devices may be capable of entering all possible PIN codes. 6593: 2897:

A new Encryption Pause and Resume feature is used for all normal operations that require that encryption be disabled. This enables easy identification of normal operation from security attacks.

2756:. Users can delete link keys from either device, which removes the bond between the devices—so it is possible for one device to have a stored link key for a device it is no longer paired with. 3151:, researchers at the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology identified a security vulnerability in the latest Bluetooth pairing procedures: Secure Simple Pairing and LE Secure Connections. 227:

but no longer maintains the standard. The Bluetooth SIG oversees the development of the specification, manages the qualification program, and protects the trademarks. A manufacturer must meet

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Seeking to extend the compatibility of Bluetooth devices, the devices that adhere to the standard use an interface called HCI (Host Controller Interface) between the host and the controller.

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means that Bluetooth uses proven low power connection models when the system is idle, and the faster radio when it must send large quantities of data. AMP links require enhanced L2CAP modes.

6732: 3975: 2809:(SSP): This is required by Bluetooth v2.1, although a Bluetooth v2.1 device may only use legacy pairing to interoperate with a v2.0 or earlier device. Secure Simple Pairing uses a form of 2523:(AVCTP) is used by the remote control profile to transfer AV/C commands over an L2CAP channel. The music control buttons on a stereo headset use this protocol to control the music player. 7922: 552:

short-link radio technology, and IBM contributed patents around the logical layer. Adalio Sanchez of IBM then recruited Stephen Nachtsheim of Intel to join and then Intel also recruited

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Core Specification Addendum 2 was unveiled in December 2011; it contains improvements to the audio Host Controller Interface and to the High Speed (802.11) Protocol Adaptation Layer.

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Bluetooth Core Specification Addendum 1 adds two additional L2CAP modes to the core specification. These modes effectively deprecate original Retransmission and Flow Control modes:

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of King Harald Bluetooth, who united the disparate Danish tribes into a single kingdom; Kardach chose the name to imply that Bluetooth similarly unites communication protocols.

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deauthentication and disconnection of the involved devices. The researcher demonstrated the attack on various devices of different categories and from different manufacturers.

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General improvements in version 4.0 include the changes necessary to facilitate BLE modes, as well the Generic Attribute Profile (GATT) and Security Manager (SM) services with

499: 2406:(L2CAP) is used to multiplex multiple logical connections between two devices using different higher level protocols. Provides segmentation and reassembly of on-air packets. 9244: 6463: 511: 5134: 2292:

baseband controller through the L2CAP (Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol). The L2CAP protocol is responsible for the segmentation and reassembly of the packets.

560:. In May 1998, the Bluetooth SIG was launched with IBM and Ericsson as the founding signatories and a total of five members: Ericsson, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba, and IBM. 3613: 2961:

Bluetooth v2.1 – finalized in 2007 with consumer devices first appearing in 2009 – makes significant changes to Bluetooth's security, including pairing. See the

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Of these, you may possibly miss bluetooth support. Unfortunately, the current code doesn't work and isn't structured properly to encourage much future development.

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Turning off encryption is required for several normal operations, so it is problematic to detect if encryption is disabled for a valid reason or a security attack.

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The Bluetooth SIG completed the Bluetooth Core Specification version 4.0 (called Bluetooth Smart) and has been adopted as of 30 June 2010. It includes

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Vosi needed a means for the system to communicate without a wired connection from the vehicle to the other devices in the network. Bluetooth was chosen, since

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WAE specifies an application framework for wireless devices and WAP is an open standard to provide mobile users access to telephony and information services.

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This version of the Bluetooth Core Specification was released before 2005. The main difference is the introduction of an Enhanced Data Rate (EDR) for faster

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Pairing mechanisms changed significantly with the introduction of Secure Simple Pairing in Bluetooth v2.1. The following summarizes the pairing mechanisms:

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A personal computer that does not have embedded Bluetooth can use a Bluetooth adapter that enables the PC to communicate with Bluetooth devices. While some

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in each device. Because the devices use a radio (broadcast) communications system, they do not have to be in visual line of sight of each other; however, a

255:, one of the founders of the Bluetooth SIG. The name was inspired by a conversation with Sven Mattisson who related Scandinavian history through tales from 10626: 4900: 5156: 643:. Bluetooth divides transmitted data into packets, and transmits each packet on one of 79 designated Bluetooth channels. Each channel has a bandwidth of 1 8281: 6441: 1132: 7410: 3561: 719:. All devices within a given piconet use the clock provided by the master as the base for packet exchange. The master clock ticks with a period of 312.5 8328: 7670: 2745: 6847: 6597: 6118: 6084: 5931: 4195: 5905: 3879: 220: 6784: 5094: 4398: 774:

Bluetooth is a standard wire-replacement communications protocol primarily designed for low power consumption, with a short range based on low-cost

10169: 10164: 10159: 10154: 10149: 10144: 10139: 6385: 5539: 6728: 6571: 6515: 6489: 2483:(RFCOMM) is a cable replacement protocol used for generating a virtual serial data stream. RFCOMM provides for binary data transport and emulates 1196:, Canada's Roads Traffic division uses data collected from travelers' Bluetooth devices to predict travel times and road congestion for motorists. 7036: 6983: 3968: 3935: 8162: 7617: 6036: 5618: 8241: 7914: 5242: 2955: 2785:: The obvious example of this class of device is a Bluetooth Hands-free headset, which generally have few inputs. These devices usually have a 2468:

etc.) and the protocol multiplexer settings needed for the phone to connect to the headset using each of them. Each service is identified by a

1722:. After successful completion of the technology transfer, marketing, and related administrative items, the WiMedia Alliance ceased operations. 4764: 3719: 750:

initiating a connection to a phone necessarily begins as master—as an initiator of the connection—but may subsequently operate as the slave).

9408: 5837: 3164: 8044: 7370: 7059: 6206: 5413: 11334: 11306: 11301: 10326: 9451: 8835: 8598: 8568: 5449: 4008: 2744:

the identity of the other device, ensuring it is the same device it previously paired with. Once a link key is generated, an authenticated

219:(SIG), which has more than 35,000 member companies in the areas of telecommunication, computing, networking, and consumer electronics. The 2221:

The Bluetooth SIG released the Bluetooth Core Specification version 5.4 on 7 February 2023. This new version adds the following features:

1729:

suspended development of UWB as part of the alternative MAC/PHY, Bluetooth v3.0 + HS solution. A small, but significant, number of former

8789: 7286: 6870: 6641: 6170: 4871: 4602: 4563: 4498: 3220: 2562:

TCS-BIN is only used by the cordless telephony profile, which failed to attract implementers. As such it is only of historical interest.

2191:

The Bluetooth SIG published the Bluetooth Core Specification version 5.3 on 13 July 2021. The feature enhancements of Bluetooth 5.3 are:

1541: 1459: 1014:

Wireless control of audio and communication functions between a mobile phone and a Bluetooth compatible car stereo system (and sometimes

6148: 5006: 4984: 3853: 2142:

On 31 December 2019, the Bluetooth SIG published the Bluetooth Core Specification version 5.2. The new specification adds new features:

1306:, which requires a separate adapter for each device, Bluetooth lets multiple devices communicate with a computer over a single adapter. 1295:

and most recent laptops come with a built-in Bluetooth radio, others require an external adapter, typically in the form of a small USB "

963: 10219: 7793: 6294: 6264: 5876: 652: 563:

The first Bluetooth device was revealed in 1999. It was a hands-free mobile headset that earned the "Best of show Technology Award" at

6006: 4524: 4428: 3913: 3831: 2424:

modes, L2CAP can be configured either for isochronous data or reliable data per channel by performing retransmissions and CRC checks.

10085: 9826: 9821: 9811: 9806: 9801: 9796: 9791: 9786: 9776: 9771: 9766: 9761: 9751: 9746: 9741: 9736: 9721: 9716: 9711: 9706: 9701: 8401: 8116: 7569: 7111: 6415: 2247:

The Bluetooth SIG released the Bluetooth Core Specification version 6.0 on 27 August 2024. This version adds the following features:

5186: 3119:

In April 2017, security researchers at Armis discovered multiple exploits in the Bluetooth software in various platforms, including

8984: 7763: 5688: 4842: 1415:(SIG) and formally announced on 20 May 1998. In 2014 it had a membership of over 30,000 companies worldwide. It was established by 956: 7440: 6467: 3809: 1963:

Older Bluetooth hardware may receive 4.2 features such as Data Packet Length Extension and improved privacy via firmware updates.

11421: 7859: 7462: 5303: 5126: 3609: 228: 7538: 7210: 5487: 3779: 11328: 8946: 7013: 5747: 5648: 5562: 3056: 1775:. Chip designs allow for two types of implementation, dual-mode, single-mode and enhanced past versions. The provisional names 7815: 4650: 4325: 11323: 11313: 11293: 11095: 8197: 8030: 7965: 6952: 6058: 5790: 5727: 5356: 4943: 4596: 4557: 4454: 949: 7595: 5592: 4684: 2795:: Mobile phones are classic examples of these devices. They allow a user to enter a numeric value up to 16 digits in length. 567:. The first Bluetooth mobile phone was the unreleased prototype Ericsson T36, though it was the revised Ericsson model 204:

GHz. It is mainly used as an alternative to wired connections to exchange files between nearby portable devices and connect

7643: 6810: 4624: 4030: 3198: 480:

The development of the "short-link" radio technology, later named Bluetooth, was initiated in 1989 by Nils Rydbeck, CTO at

10460: 7508: 6900: 6755:"Bluetooth 5 Quadruples Range, Doubles Speed, Increases Data Broadcasting Capacity by 800% – Bluetooth Technology Website" 4161: 3659: 700:

In 2019, Apple published an extension called HDR which supports data rates of 4 (HDR4) and 8 (HDR8) Mbit/s using π/4-

11385: 11318: 11164: 10255: 10245: 8479: 7892: 4092: 3684: 3636: 2919: 2465: 2354: 1537: 7148: 5039: 3518: 448: 174:

technology standard that is used for exchanging data between fixed and mobile devices over short distances and building

11090: 9094: 4067: 1765:(BLE) protocols. Bluetooth high speed is based on Wi-Fi, and Classic Bluetooth consists of legacy Bluetooth protocols. 1497: 5065: 4790: 1618:(SSP): this improves the pairing experience for Bluetooth devices, while increasing the use and strength of security. 420: 11184: 9520: 9039: 8784: 8732: 8214: 8110: 7320: 7280: 4360: 3758: 3555: 3031:

since the virus has never spread outside of this system. In August 2004, a world-record-setting experiment (see also

2698:

Bluetooth devices to be able to establish a connection without user intervention (for example, as soon as in range).

1518: 640: 467: 6464:"Broadcom.com – BCM20702 – Single-Chip Bluetooth 4.0 HCI Solution with Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Support" 2868:

Using OOB with NFC enables pairing when devices simply get close, rather than requiring a lengthy discovery process.

1737:

transfer. As of 2009, the Bluetooth SIG was in the process of evaluating other options for its longer-term roadmap.

1121:

Sending small advertisements from Bluetooth-enabled advertising hoardings to other, discoverable, Bluetooth devices.

757:, in which certain devices simultaneously play the master/leader role in one piconet and the slave role in another. 10969: 10517: 10319: 8374: 7952:. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 11959. Technion – Israel Institute of Technology. pp. 250–273. 2472:(UUID), with official services (Bluetooth profiles) assigned a short form UUID (16 bits rather than the full 128). 2440:

This is a very simple mode, with no retransmission or flow control. This mode provides an unreliable L2CAP channel.

2316: 2163: 1726: 1412: 1200: 944:

To use Bluetooth wireless technology, a device must be able to interpret certain Bluetooth profiles. For example,

239:

chips are shipped annually. Bluetooth was first demonstrated in space in 2024, an early test envisioned to enhance

216: 57: 7085: 6679: 3485: 2434:

This mode is an improved version of the original retransmission mode. This mode provides a reliable L2CAP channel.

1790:, Bluetooth Low Energy is intended to provide considerably reduced power consumption and cost while maintaining a 631:

MHz wide at the top. This is in the globally unlicensed (but not unregulated) industrial, scientific and medical (

11080: 9219: 8726: 6359: 3587: 1577: 667: 427: 281:, Kardach proposed Bluetooth as the codename for the short-range wireless program which is now called Bluetooth. 235:

applies to the technology, which is licensed to individual qualifying devices. As of 2021, 4.7 billion Bluetooth

7702: 4896: 1238:, tablets, media players, robotics systems, laptops, and game console equipment as well as some high definition 11075: 9501: 8816: 8658: 7987: 7344: 5378: 5164: 3341: 3075: 2776: 405: 8277: 6437: 2658:

Technical information (for example: device features, manufacturer, Bluetooth specification used, clock offset)

11416: 11100: 9476: 8687: 8484: 8394: 7736: 7403: 6976:"Bluetooth SIG Announces 'LE Audio' With Audio Sharing, Lower Data Consumption, Hearing Aid Support and More" 6612: 3545: 2606: 2603:

Session-layer protocol for the exchange of objects, providing a model for object and operation representation

2469: 670:(GFSK) modulation was the only modulation scheme available. Since the introduction of Bluetooth 2.0+EDR, π/4- 270: 17: 8336: 7677: 1572:

Mbit/s, although the maximum data transfer rate (allowing for inter-packet time and acknowledgements) is 2.1

1154:

Dial-up internet access on personal computers or PDAs using a data-capable mobile phone as a wireless modem.

11375: 11136: 11033: 10576: 10371: 10343: 9456: 8977: 8920: 8578: 6836: 6541: 6110: 6088: 5927: 5509: 5268: 4187: 3892:

Bluetooth Experience Icons borrow two of these three features: the blue color and the rune-inspired symbol.

1851: 1524: 1222: 738: 434: 5901: 3875: 2487:(formerly RS-232) control signals over the Bluetooth baseband layer, i.e., it is a serial port emulation. 1357:, BlueZ and Fluoride. The BlueZ stack is included with most Linux kernels and was originally developed by 11431: 11365: 10872: 10312: 9885: 9446: 9149: 9064: 9044: 7184: 6389: 5087: 4816: 4402: 3395: 3337: 2413:

mode, L2CAP provides packets with a payload configurable up to 64 kB, with 672 bytes as the default

2339: 1547: 1486: 1206:

Live video streaming to the visual cortical implant device by Nabeel Fattah in Newcastle university 2017.

909: 6341: 4928:

2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

4376: 4298:

Kurawar, Arwa; Koul, Ayushi; Patil, Viki Tukaram (August 2014). "Survey of Bluetooth and Applications".

1910:

Some features were already available in a Core Specification Addendum (CSA) before the release of v4.1.

1131:

Game consoles have been using Bluetooth as a wireless communications protocol for peripherals since the

494: 11224: 11146: 11085: 10792: 10288: 9017: 8993: 8603: 8499: 8370: 6567: 6519: 6493: 5325: 3320: 3173: 3132: 2508: 2179: 939: 401: 288:

Bluetooth was only intended as a placeholder until marketing could come up with something really cool.

6975: 5958: 3943: 3059: files on the device, allowing replication to another device through the use of removable media ( 1971:

The Bluetooth SIG released Bluetooth 5 on 6 December 2016. Its new features are mainly focused on new

506: 416: 11411: 10996: 10957: 10802: 10702: 10631: 10564: 10391: 9855: 9054: 8811: 8608: 7621: 6032: 5980: 5626: 3426: 3355: 3074:

security researchers published results of their actual implementation of passive attacks against the

2414: 2159: 1325: 1303: 1175: 1101: 712: 5238: 1445:

The Bluetooth Core Specification Working Group (CSWG) produces mainly four kinds of specifications:

1403:

has also been available in the tree, possibly disabled until 2014-11-15, and may require more work.

11355: 10597: 10532: 10485: 10445: 9289: 8847: 8583: 8573: 8494: 8387: 7493: 5216: 4756: 3750: 3405: 3360: 3006:

subsequent experiment, Martin Herfurt from the trifinite.group was able to do a field-trial at the

2984: 2842: 2814: 2630: 2626: 7060:"Samsung leaps ahead of Apple and adds game-changing Auracast Bluetooth to its 4K TVs and earbuds" 5844: 3711: 1455:

Core Specification Supplements (CSS) – can be released more frequently than Addenda

11194: 11179: 11023: 10974: 10897: 10797: 10475: 10361: 10356: 10293: 9154: 9144: 9124: 8970: 8593: 8489: 8439: 8429: 8010: 7377: 6213: 5439: 5401: 4710: 4140: 3380: 3071: 3052: 2810: 2575: 2155: 1611:

Bluetooth Core Specification version 2.1 + EDR was adopted by the Bluetooth SIG on 26 July 2007.

1361:. Fluoride, earlier known as Bluedroid is included in Android OS and was originally developed by 1330: 600: 394: 8702: 8252: 8099:

The KNOB is Broken: Exploiting Low Entropy in the Encryption Key Negotiation of Bluetooth BR/EDR

5527: 4000: 2394:

The Host Controller Interface provides a command interface between the controller and the host.

11116: 10902: 10717: 10662: 10657: 10470: 10435: 9466: 9027: 8889: 8141: 7488: 4588:

The Telecommunications Handbook: Engineering Guidelines for Fixed, Mobile and Satellite Systems

3216: 1932: 1719: 1439: 1028:

Wireless control of and communication with iOS and Android device phones, tablets and portable

762: 753:

The Bluetooth Core Specification provides for the connection of two or more piconets to form a

596: 7270: 6785:""Bluetooth 5" spec coming next week with 4x more range and 2x better speed [Updated]" 6703:"Bluetooth 5 Promises Four times the Range, Twice the Speed of Bluetooth 4.0 LE Transmissions" 6181: 4922:

Fattah, Nabeel; Laha, Soumyasanta; Sokolov, Danil; Chester, Graeme; Degenaar, Patrick (2015).

4586: 4547: 4494: 1074:

Transfer of files, contact details, calendar appointments, and reminders between devices with

11018: 10822: 10787: 10707: 10687: 10609: 10497: 10418: 10260: 9383: 9119: 8738: 8511: 8424: 6316: 6140: 5010: 4976: 4864: 3849: 2629:(FEC) or 2/3 rate. In addition, packets with CRC will be retransmitted until acknowledged by 1734: 1668: 991: 175: 85: 10351: 8636: 8242:"Occupational Exposure Related to Radiofrequency Fields from Wireless Communication Systems" 6290: 6265:"Bluetooth SIG unveils Smart Marks, explains v4.0 compatibility with unnecessary complexity" 4549:

From GSM to LTE-Advanced Pro and 5G: An Introduction to Mobile Networks and Mobile Broadband

4241:"Overview and Evaluation of Bluetooth Low Energy: An Emerging Low-Power Wireless Technology" 3742: 163:, an earphone and microphone that communicates with a cellphone using the Bluetooth protocol 10932: 10892: 10862: 10619: 10554: 10376: 9526: 9274: 9204: 8899: 8873: 8779: 6010: 4520: 4424: 4252: 3969:"Presenting the (economic) value of patents nominated for the European Inventor Award 2012" 3905: 3835: 3168: 2951:

An overview of Bluetooth vulnerabilities exploits was published in 2007 by Andreas Becker.

2879: 2775:: This is the only method available in Bluetooth v2.0 and before. Each device must enter a 2158:

that is built on top of the new 5.2 features. BT LE Audio was announced in January 2020 at

2122: 2004: 1953: 1929: 1815: 1803: 1768: 1761: 1746: 1056:

Wireless networking between PCs in a confined space and where little bandwidth is required.

656: 183: 8097: 7561: 6411: 5190: 1475:

Anonymity was not possible, preventing certain services from using Bluetooth environments.

8: 10942: 10882: 10641: 10603: 10401: 10386: 8707: 8015:

13th International Conference on Risks and Security of Internet and Systems – CRiSIS 2018

4924:"Wireless data and power transfer of an optogenetic implantable visual cortex stimulator" 3743: 3279: 3271: 1064: 1053:

Wireless streaming of data collected by Bluetooth-enabled fitness devices to phone or PC.

278: 7759: 5680: 4256: 11406: 11169: 11126: 11057: 10927: 10857: 10832: 10767: 10614: 10335: 9284: 8831: 8651: 8036: 7979: 7436: 6320: 4957: 4838: 4329: 4283: 4240: 4122: 3801: 3349: 2933: 2675: 2323: 2309: 2146:

Enhanced Attribute Protocol (EATT), an improved version of the Attribute Protocol (ATT)

1972: 1956: 1919: 1807: 1581: 1354: 1015: 778: 488:, Sweden. The purpose was to develop wireless headsets, according to two inventions by 441: 256: 240: 236: 209: 108: 7848: 7237: 4217: 2072:(AoA) and Angle of Departure (AoD) which are used for locating and tracking of devices 374:

Ericsson Bluetooth module PBA 313 01/2S R2A, manufactured in week 22 of 2001

11209: 11131: 11045: 11028: 10991: 10837: 10667: 10636: 10502: 10396: 9957: 9952: 9932: 9916: 9910: 9905: 9900: 9895: 9890: 9880: 9875: 9865: 9860: 9496: 9366: 9326: 8936: 8193: 8106: 8026: 7971: 7961: 7487:"Security Weaknesses in Bluetooth". RSA Security Conf. – Cryptographer's Track. 7316: 7276: 7037:"What's Bluetooth LE Audio? Explaining the spec and what it means for wireless sound" 6944: 5786: 5723: 4949: 4939: 4923: 4592: 4553: 4356: 4307: 4270: 3775: 3754: 3551: 3120: 3032: 3010:

fairgrounds, showing the importance of the problem to the world. A new attack called

3002: 2461: 2448:

Only L2CAP channels configured in ERTM or SM may be operated over AMP logical links.

1976: 1839: 1819: 1279: 1210: 1157:

Short-range transmission of health sensor data from medical devices to mobile phone,

1036: 996: 693:) is used to describe π/4-DPSK (EDR2) and 8-DPSK (EDR3) schemes, transferring 2 and 3 98: 10877: 8040: 7983: 7534: 7005: 5751: 3317:– building blocks that make up the various implementations of the Bluetooth protocol 1802:

In a single-mode implementation, only the low energy protocol stack is implemented.

1449:

The Bluetooth Core Specification – typically released every few years

737:

The above excludes Bluetooth Low Energy, introduced in the 4.0 specification, which

11214: 11174: 11154: 11121: 11050: 11008: 10922: 10777: 10762: 10737: 10712: 10672: 10522: 10381: 10366: 9850: 9516: 8904: 8185: 8018: 7953: 7822: 5778: 5715: 4961: 4931: 4658: 4300:

International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology

4278: 4260: 2622: 2069: 1827: 1730: 1707: 1292: 1235: 1068: 1059:

Wireless communication with PC input and output devices, the most common being the

1029: 708: 266: 31: 8697: 8096:

Antonioli, Daniele; Tippenhauer, Nils Ole; Rasmussen, Kasper B. (15 August 2019).

8017:. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 11391. Springer. pp. 188–204. 6936: 6062: 1259:

and permission configuration can be automated than with many other network types.

10842: 10697: 10465: 10440: 10428: 9279: 8682: 8667: 8410: 8022: 7957: 5596: 5444: 4729: 4680: 3370: 3314: 3204: 2925: 2597: 1385:

has included Bluetooth since its v4.0 release. Its Bluetooth stack was ported to

1315: 1256: 1239: 1008: 984: 577: 481: 337: 118: 113: 7647: 7591: 7238:"Global shipments of short range wireless ICs to exceed 2 billion units in 2010" 5291: 4628: 2865:, MITM protection can be achieved with a simple equality comparison by the user. 2858:

For use cases not requiring MITM protection, user interaction can be eliminated.

2182:

and two of their TV's. In October users started getting updates for the earbuds.

11040: 10912: 10887: 10847: 10817: 10692: 10527: 10480: 10455: 10413: 10134: 9264: 9259: 9179: 9129: 8449: 7512: 5782: 5719: 3464:

Many operating systems delete incomplete files if the file transfer has failed.

3231: 3099: 3087: 3060: 3015: 2929: 2894:

Encryption is required for all non-SDP (Service Discovery Protocol) connections

2741: 2543:

channel intended for video distribution profile in the Bluetooth transmission.

1888:

L2CAP connection-oriented and dedicated channels with credit-based flow control

1860:

Core Specification Addendum 3 revision 2 has an adoption date of 24 July 2012.

1711: 1700: 1340: 1060: 639:

GHz short-range radio frequency band. Bluetooth uses a radio technology called

261: 7915:"Update Your iPhones And Androids Now If You Don't Want Your Bluetooth Hacked" 7884: 4935: 4706: 4100: 1710:

announced it was entering into technology transfer agreements for the WiMedia

966:

sends a video stream from a video camera to a TV screen or a recording device.

535:

product R&D, approached Nils Rydbeck about collaborating on integrating a

11400: 11189: 10962: 10952: 10867: 10757: 10752: 10742: 10727: 10549: 10408: 10240: 10184: 10179: 10174: 10124: 10119: 10114: 10104: 10080: 10056: 10044: 10033: 10022: 10010: 10005: 10000: 9995: 9982: 9971: 9461: 9441: 9294: 9269: 9199: 9089: 9034: 8915: 8805: 8644: 8067:"New Critical Bluetooth Security Issue Exposes Millions of Devices To Attack" 7975: 6948: 6642:"MWC 2017: Sony launches new 5G-ready Xperia XZ series with top-notch camera" 5566: 5535: 5483: 5475: 5344: 5035: 4311: 4274: 3522: 3444: 3431: 3375: 3309: 3023: 2753: 2722: 1392: 1183: 1148: 783: 521: 155: 8189: 7946:"Breaking the Bluetooth Pairing – the Fixed Coordinate Invalid Curve Attack" 6363: 4060: 2115:

Features added in Core Specification Addendum (CSA) 6 – integrated in v5.1:

370: 11067: 10907: 10852: 10782: 10747: 10682: 10581: 10571: 10423: 10224: 10214: 9962: 9947: 9942: 9937: 9927: 9870: 9511: 9506: 9491: 9486: 9481: 9431: 8910: 8842: 8744: 8539: 8529: 8304:"Bluetooth SIG announces winners of Imagine Blue Awards at Bluetooth World" 5061: 4953: 3064: 3047:

worm known as Lasco surfaced. The worm began targeting mobile phones using

2940: 2738: 1715: 1699:

The high-speed (AMP) feature of Bluetooth v3.0 was originally intended for

1090: 568: 536: 517: 489: 182:, giving it a very short range of up to 10 metres (33 ft). It employs 178:(PANs). In the most widely used mode, transmission power is limited to 2.5 131:

Typically less than 10 m (33 ft), up to 100 m (330 ft).

8218: 2208:

The following features were removed in this version of the specification:

2129:

The following features were removed in this version of the specification:

2049:

The following features were removed in this version of the specification:

1975:

technology. Sony was the first to announce Bluetooth 5.0 support with its

1733:

members had not and would not sign up to the necessary agreements for the

1634:

establishment, and the high data rate traffic is carried over a colocated

1530:

Higher transmission speeds in practice than in v1.1, up to 721 kbit/s

11267: 10917: 10827: 10812: 10772: 10732: 10591: 10096: 9836: 9590: 9471: 9436: 9426: 9403: 9398: 9393: 9388: 9371: 9356: 8894: 5563:"kernel/netgraph7: Port the kernel part of the netgraph7 bluetooth stack" 3326: 3011: 2974: 2944: 2679: 2667: 2582: 2302: 2167: 1936: 1772: 1650:

Core Specification version 3.0 or earlier Core Specification Addendum 1.

1646: 1635: 1247: 1158: 959:

can connect a cell phone to a digital thermometer or heart rate detector.

926:

far lower than specified line-of-sight ranges of the Bluetooth products.

775: 7668: 1983:

launched with Bluetooth 5 support in April 2017. In September 2017, the

1863:

Core Specification Addendum 4 has an adoption date of 12 February 2013.

354: 46: 11272: 10979: 10677: 10586: 10542: 10512: 10490: 10209: 10204: 9536: 9418: 9351: 9346: 9341: 9336: 9331: 9321: 8941: 6671: 5748:"High speed Bluetooth comes a step closer: enhanced data rate approved" 4265: 3493: 3385: 3331: 3224: 3048: 3028: 3019: 2749: 2721:

During pairing, the two devices establish a relationship by creating a

2327: 2171: 1992: 1942: 1593: 1336: 1162: 1086: 1079: 1047: 1022: 754: 704:

modulation on 4 MHz channels with forward error correction (FEC).

620: 301: 205: 186: 103: 7337: 3583: 2344: 11257: 10722: 10537: 10304: 10270: 10250: 9361: 9254: 9249: 9234: 9224: 9214: 9194: 9189: 9174: 9164: 9159: 9139: 9134: 9114: 9109: 9104: 9099: 9084: 9049: 8474: 6729:"Bluetooth 5 standard brings range, speed and capacity boost for IoT" 3421: 3148: 3136: 3018:

using Bluetooth to spread itself among mobile phones appeared on the

2012:

as location-relevant navigation of low-energy Bluetooth connections.

1980: 1321: 1005: 919: 333: 313: 179: 7945: 7706: 2841:(OOB): This method uses an external means of communication, such as 2817:, or MITM attacks. SSP has the following authentication mechanisms: 2789:, for example "0000" or "1234", that are hard-coded into the device. 1553: 1104:, medical equipment, bar code scanners, and traffic control devices. 979: 383: 265:, a historical novel about Vikings and the 10th-century Danish king 11252: 11242: 11159: 10984: 10807: 9541: 9313: 9304: 9022: 9012: 9007: 8951: 8868: 8859: 8774: 8613: 8464: 8444: 8011:"Connection Dumping Vulnerability Affecting Bluetooth Availability" 7242: 3440: 3410: 3400: 3176:

security patch on 5 August 2019, which removed this vulnerability.

3103: 2737:. A device that wants to communicate only with a bonded device can 2312: 2175: 1988: 1984: 1835: 1565: 1416: 1396: 1376: 1375:

has included Bluetooth since its v5.0 release, implemented through

1362: 1358: 1136: 1125: 1108: 1040: 675: 632: 589: 540: 532: 359: 344: 190: 171: 8379: 7728: 7086:"Galaxy Buds 2 Pro get Bluetooth Auracast support with new update" 4239:

Gomez, Carles; Oller, Joaquim; Paradells, Josep (29 August 2012).

1527:

by avoiding the use of crowded frequencies in the hopping sequence

1172:

phone to ring and answer calls on behalf of a nearby mobile phone.

11247: 11232: 10450: 10265: 10061: 10027: 9976: 9921: 9816: 9781: 9756: 9731: 9726: 9696: 9691: 9686: 9680: 9674: 9669: 9664: 9659: 9653: 9647: 9642: 9637: 9632: 9626: 9620: 9615: 9610: 9605: 9550: 9184: 9169: 8962: 8853: 8821: 8769: 8469: 7762:. School of Electrical Engineering Systems, Tel Aviv University. 5409: 5299: 4714: 3345: 3185: 3044: 2621:

Depending on packet type, individual packets may be protected by

2484: 2320: 1996: 1831: 1811: 1794:. In terms of lengthening the battery life of Bluetooth devices, 1654: 1432: 1400: 1386: 1372: 1193: 1189: 716: 553: 320: 7211:"Now Available: New Version of the Bluetooth Core Specification" 5264: 3299:

prototypes coming soon, and student-led projects in the making.

2855:

In most cases, it does not require a user to generate a passkey.

2464:

the headset can use (Headset Profile, Hands Free Profile (HFP),

1458:

Errata – available with a Bluetooth SIG account:

1004:

Wireless control and communication between a mobile phone and a

11277: 11237: 10559: 10128: 9600: 9595: 9585: 9580: 9575: 9570: 9565: 9560: 9555: 9229: 9059: 8764: 8588: 8459: 8434: 8163:"New BLUFFS attack lets attackers hijack Bluetooth connections" 7112:"Bluetooth Core Specification Version 5.3 Feature Enhancements" 6613:"Bluetooth Core Specification Version 5.0 Feature Enhancements" 5386: 5352: 5187:"Apple Introduces "Jaguar," the Next Major Release of Mac OS X" 5161:

Changes to Functionality in Microsoft Windows XP Service Pack 2

5093:. MIT Computer Science And Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. 3436: 3263: 2729:. If both devices store the same link key, they are said to be 2588: 2397: 1979:

in Feb 2017 during the Mobile World Congress 2017. The Samsung

1395:

has had NetBSD's Bluetooth implementation since 1.11 (2008). A

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Wireless transmission of audio (a more reliable alternative to

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specification is vague as to required behavior in scatternets.

682: 564: 349: 232: 160: 5875:. Version V10r00. Bluetooth SIG. 3 August 2006. Archived from 4812: 4730:"Selfie stick: i migliori modelli per foto e video eccellenti" 3834:. Ericsson Technology Licensing. 22 March 2004. Archived from 2920:

Mobile security § Attacks based on communication networks

2607:

Wireless Application Environment/Wireless Application Protocol

2526: 2062:

The Bluetooth SIG presented Bluetooth 5.1 on 21 January 2019.

1592:. EDR can provide a lower power consumption through a reduced 1011:. This was one of the earliest applications to become popular. 11262: 11199: 10507: 9986: 9841: 9376: 9239: 9079: 8666: 8623: 8618: 8563: 8547: 8524: 8095: 7676:. University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory. Archived from 6937:"The New Version of Bluetooth Is Here to Fix Your Headphones" 6345: 5292:"ng_bluetooth.4 – placeholder for global Bluetooth variables" 4451:"BluBear Industrial Long Range Bluetooth 2.1 Module with EDR" 3415: 3390: 3365: 3124: 3007: 2937: 1585: 1428: 1424: 1366: 1350: 1243: 1043:. Idiomatically, a headset is sometimes called "a Bluetooth". 701: 671: 584: 557: 340: 252: 142: 8363: 4707:"Samsung Omnia II: How to Transfer Files with Bluetooth FTP" 3660:"US achieves 1st-ever space Bluetooth link using satellites" 1918:

Released on 2 December 2014, it introduces features for the

1369:. It was once popular, but has not been updated since 2005. 1118:

bandwidth is not required and cable-free connection desired.

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The name "Bluetooth" was proposed in 1997 by Jim Kardach of

11204: 9209: 9074: 9069: 8454: 8206: 7885:"BlueBorne Information from the Research Team – Armis Labs" 7669:

Ford-Long Wong; Frank Stajano; Jolyon Clulow (April 2005).

6901:"Bluetooth Core Specification Version 5.2 Feature Overview" 6490:"Press Releases Detail | Bluetooth Technology Website" 3963: 3961: 3259: 2536: 2498: 2100:

Block Host channel classification for secondary advertising

1949: 1589: 1389:

as well, however OpenBSD later removed it as unmaintained.

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1 is a lower level than the lowest-powered mobile phones.

3014:

was used for this experiment. In 2004 the first purported

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To resolve this conflict, Bluetooth uses a process called

1234:

Bluetooth exists in numerous products such as telephones,

952:

connects headphones and earbuds to a cell phone or laptop.

715:. One master may communicate with up to seven slaves in a 539:

into a ThinkPad notebook. The two assigned engineers from

8251:. Union Radio-Scientifique Internationale. Archived from 3128: 3067:, etc.). The worm can render the mobile device unstable. 2514: 1822:

have released single mode Bluetooth Low Energy solutions.

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Version 2.1 allows various other improvements, including

1491:

Many errors found in the v1.0B specifications were fixed.

1420: 1272: 1227: 1140: 1115: 812: 611:

Bluetooth operates at frequencies between 2.402 and 2.480

544: 529: 197: 8212: 7757: 7401: 6317:"BlueNRG-1 – Programmable Bluetooth LE 5.2 Wireless SoC" 5426:

bluetooth support doesn't work and isn't going anywhere.

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list. Maximum power output from a Bluetooth radio is 100

5342: 3439: – low-power lightweight wireless protocol in the 2900:

The encryption key must be refreshed before it expires.

2713:

desired, the user can remove the bonding relationship.

2417:, and 48 bytes as the minimum mandatory supported MTU. 1124:

Wireless bridge between two Industrial Ethernet (e.g.,

548:

notebook and an Ericsson phone to accomplish the goal.

4968: 4162:"Bluetooth Radio Interface, Modulation & Channels" 2385:

Negotiation of link mode and connection establishment.

6516:"Adopted Specification; Bluetooth Technology Website" 4151: 4031:"Sveriges 20 främsta innovationer de senaste 35 åren" 2890:

Bluetooth v2.1 addresses this in the following ways:

2539:) profile to stream music to stereo headsets over an 1552:

Introduced flow control and retransmission modes for

1151:

which use Bluetooth for their respective controllers.

8249:

XXVIIIth General Assembly of URSI – Proceedings

8239: 6212:(Press release). Nokia. 12 June 2007. Archived from 5189:(Press release). Apple. 17 July 2002. Archived from 4218:"Ultra-Low Latency Audio Over Bluetooth – Apple Inc" 2851:

SSP is considered simple for the following reasons:

2535:(AVDTP) is used by the advanced audio distribution ( 2260: 4238: 3079:certain classes of devices, such as mobile phones. 2705:, and a bond is generated through a process called 2084:

HCI support for debug keys in LE Secure Connections

999:

with a rechargeable battery, made in the late 2010s

408:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 7846: 7409:. National Institute of Standards and Technology. 7402:Scarfone, K. & Padgette, J. (September 2008). 7306: 7304: 6111:"Bluetooth group drops ultrawideband, eyes 60 GHz" 5806: 5804: 5802: 4713:from the original on 23 November 2021 – via 3634: 3486:"Bluetooth Range: 100m, 1 km, or 10 km?" 2760:experience associated with the service use-cases. 1309: 1283:An early internal notebook Bluetooth card (14×36×4 1021:Wireless communication between a smartphone and a 790: 7463:"Bluesnarfing vs. Bluejacking: Top 4 Differences" 7315:. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. 5121: 5119: 5117: 5115: 4625:"Portable Wireless Bluetooth Compatible Speakers" 4521:"History of the Bluetooth Special Interest Group" 3254:3 devices. Even the maximum power output of Class 3167:, Helmholtz Center for Information Security, and 3135:. These vulnerabilities are collectively called " 2475: 2232: 1882:Train nudging and generalized interlaced scanning 231:to market it as a Bluetooth device. A network of 11427:Telecommunications-related introductions in 1989 11398: 8008: 6518:. Bluetooth.com. 4 December 2013. Archived from 6492:. Bluetooth.com. 4 December 2013. Archived from 5289: 4297: 2674:could be several cellular phones in range named 2103:Allow the SID to appear in scan response reports 133:Bluetooth 5.0: 40–400 m (100–1,000 ft) 7301: 7084:SamMobile; Shaik, Asif Iqbal (6 October 2023). 7057: 7034: 5928:"Bluetooth Core Specification Addendum (CSA) 1" 5902:"Bluetooth Core Version 3.0 + HS specification" 5799: 5528:"sys/netgraph7/bluetooth/common/ng_bluetooth.c" 2991: 2936:derivation with custom algorithms based on the 2645:transmits the following information on demand: 1900:Audio architecture updates for Wide Band Speech 744: 739:uses the same spectrum but somewhat differently 8213:D. Chomienne; M. Eftimakis (20 October 2010). 7368: 7335: 7083: 7006:"Hearing Aid Audio Support Using Bluetooth LE" 5955:"Bluetooth 3.0 released without ultrawideband" 5560: 5112: 4344: 2956:National Institute of Standards and Technology 2594:Foundation Protocols for TCP/IP protocol suite 1406: 10320: 8978: 8652: 8395: 7644:"F-Secure Malware Information Pages: Lasco.A" 5983:. Wimedia.org. 4 January 2010. Archived from 5741: 5739: 3740: 3165:Singapore University of Technology and Design 2546: 2451: 2174:in August 2023 Samsung announced support for 2041:Features added in CSA5 – integrated in v5.0: 1945:Privacy with Extended Scanner Filter Policies 1879:Mobile wireless service coexistence signaling 1875:New features of this specification include: 876:Source: Bluetooth Core Specification revision 730:μs, and two slots make up a slot pair of 1250 663:MHz spacing, which accommodates 40 channels. 8009:Lounis, Karim; Zulkernine, Mohammad (2019). 7943: 7816:"Going Around with Bluetooth in Full Safety" 7618:"Dispelling Common Bluetooth Misconceptions" 5473: 3550:. McGraw-Hill Professional. pp. 45–47. 3521:. Bluetooth.com. 23 May 2010. Archived from 3519:"Basics | Bluetooth Technology Website" 3513: 3511: 3418: – secure wireless protocol alternative 3163:In August 2019, security researchers at the 2616: 2581:Internet standard protocol for transporting 2404:Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol 2398:Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol 2389: 2106:Specify the behavior when rules are violated 1795: 1494:Added possibility of non-encrypted channels. 1438:All versions of the Bluetooth standards are 1435:, and later joined by many other companies. 1114:For low bandwidth applications where higher 726:, two clock ticks then make up a slot of 625 595:In 2012, Jaap Haartsen was nominated by the 11335:Global telecommunications regulation bodies 8270: 7434: 6087:. Incisor.tv. 16 March 2009. Archived from 5952: 5440:"g2k14: Ted Unangst on the Art of the Tedu" 5399: 4897:"Wireless waves used to track travel times" 4754: 2533:Audio/Video Distribution Transport Protocol 2527:Audio/Video Distribution Transport Protocol 2333: 2031:High Duty Cycle Non-Connectable Advertising 1991:launched with Bluetooth 5 support as well. 1642: 1050:with or without communication capabilities. 284:According to Bluetooth's official website, 11371: 10327: 10313: 8985: 8971: 8659: 8645: 8402: 8388: 7671:"Repairing the Bluetooth pairing protocol" 7559: 7149:"Bluetooth Core Specification Version 5.4" 6811:"Bluetooth 5: everything you need to know" 6438:"iFixit MacBook Air 13" Mid 2011 Teardown" 5745: 5736: 5265:"Affix Bluetooth Protocol Stack for Linux" 5030: 5028: 3712:"Tech History: How Bluetooth got its name" 3323:– features used within the Bluetooth stack 2813:, and some types can help protect against 2466:Advanced Audio Distribution Profile (A2DP) 2225:Periodic Advertising with Responses (PAwR) 2094: 2007:, options that can double the data rate (2 1411:The specifications were formalized by the 1365:. There is also Affix stack, developed by 1339:products have worked with Bluetooth since 45: 27:A short-range wireless technology standard 8182: 7950:Selected Areas in Cryptography – SAC 2019 7786:"Phone pirates in seek and steal mission" 7758:Yaniv Shaked; Avishai Wool (2 May 2005). 7492: 7376:. Ruhr-Universität Bochum. Archived from 7310: 7268: 5476:"bluetooth.4 – Bluetooth Protocol Family" 5345:"bluetooth.4 – Bluetooth Protocol Family" 5213:"Official Linux Bluetooth protocol stack" 4584: 4469:"OEM Bluetooth Serial Port Module OBS433" 4282: 4264: 3584:"About us – Bluetooth Technology Website" 3508: 2636: 1948:Internet Protocol Support Profile (IPSP) 1466: 1100:serial communications in test equipment, 468:Learn how and when to remove this message 7272:Nanometer CMOS ICs: From Basics to ASICs 7229: 6207:"Wibree forum merges with Bluetooth SIG" 6061:. USB.org. 16 March 2009. Archived from 4585:Penttinen, Jyrki T. J. (16 March 2015). 4141:"Motorola Inc. v. Vosi Technologies Inc" 4093:"De största innovationerna i modern tid" 3773: 3637:"Global Bluetooth device shipments 2022" 2505:Bluetooth Network Encapsulation Protocol 2499:Bluetooth Network Encapsulation Protocol 2343: 2273: 2204:Encryption key size control enhancements 1584:modulation (PSK) with two variants, π/4- 1278: 1266: 1262: 1221: 990: 978: 369: 154: 8240:M. Hietanen; T. Alanko (October 2005). 8142:"Android Security Bulletin—August 2019" 7235: 7146: 7109: 6898: 6868: 6700: 6610: 6542:"Specification of the Bluetooth System" 5025: 4443: 3709: 2962: 1995:also integrated Bluetooth 5 in its new 1645:(Alternative MAC/PHY), the addition of 974: 14: 11399: 10334: 7990:from the original on 18 September 2019 7925:from the original on 26 September 2019 7895:from the original on 21 September 2017 7350:from the original on 25 September 2020 7313:Wireless communications & networks 6973: 6388:. Nordic Semiconductor. Archived from 5068:from the original on 12 September 2017 4930:. Vol. 2015. pp. 8006–8009. 4899:. CTV Calgary News. 26 November 2012. 4845:from the original on 21 September 2016 4591:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 129. 4552:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 491. 4545: 4461: 4350: 3703: 3657: 3543: 3478: 2965:section for more about these changes. 2687: 2521:Audio/Video Control Transport Protocol 2515:Audio/Video Control Transport Protocol 1798:represents a significant progression. 1606: 1559: 1016:between the SIM card and the car phone 528:In 1997, Adalio Sanchez, then head of 10308: 8966: 8640: 8383: 8105:. Santa Clara: University of Oxford. 7865:from the original on 23 December 2018 7766:from the original on 23 December 2018 7739:from the original on 23 December 2018 7598:from the original on 23 December 2018 7572:from the original on 23 December 2018 7562:"Virus attacks mobiles via Bluetooth" 7541:from the original on 23 December 2018 7343:. Helsinki University of Technology. 7250:from the original on 12 February 2022 7016:from the original on 20 February 2020 6986:from the original on 20 February 2020 6850:from the original on 23 December 2018 6574:from the original on 13 December 2014 6297:from the original on 23 December 2018 6271:from the original on 30 December 2018 5934:from the original on 23 December 2018 5908:from the original on 23 December 2018 5818:from the original on 23 December 2018 5691:from the original on 14 February 2020 5661:from the original on 28 December 2019 5542:from the original on 12 February 2022 5490:from the original on 12 February 2022 5437: 5359:from the original on 12 February 2022 5306:from the original on 12 February 2022 5137:from the original on 23 December 2018 5100:from the original on 23 December 2018 4877:from the original on 28 December 2019 4819:from the original on 23 December 2018 4687:from the original on 23 December 2018 4198:from the original on 23 December 2018 4188:"Bluetooth Specification Version 5.0" 3882:from the original on 23 December 2018 3856:from the original on 30 December 2018 3832:"Milestones in the Bluetooth advance" 3812:from the original on 28 December 2020 3616:from the original on 20 February 2018 3537: 2763: 2353:universally can use these protocols: 2212:Alternate MAC and PHY (AMP) Extension 2087:Sleep clock accuracy update mechanism 1628: 11381: 8688:Code-division multiple access (CDMA) 7849:"All your Bluetooth is belong to us" 7821:. F-Secure. May 2006. Archived from 7236:Happich, Julien (24 February 2010). 7165:from the original on 9 February 2023 6672:"HomePod – Technical Specifications" 6141:"Report: Ultrawideband dies by 2013" 6039:from the original on 8 February 2015 5619:"English Introduction to Membership" 5520: 5416:from the original on 19 January 2019 5271:from the original on 5 November 2018 4974: 4605:from the original on 25 January 2021 4495:"Traditional Profile Specifications" 4417: 4073:from the original on 29 October 2019 4041:from the original on 29 October 2019 4011:from the original on 29 October 2019 3974:. Technopolis Group. 30 March 2012. 3916:from the original on 11 October 2019 3878:. Bluetooth Special Interest Group. 3782:from the original on 22 October 2021 3722:from the original on 5 December 2019 3691:from the original on 26 October 2021 3635:Federica Laricchia (31 March 2022). 3334: – proprietary Bluetooth driver 3199:Wireless device radiation and health 2872: 2565: 2254:Decision-based advertising filtering 2178:through a software update for their 2065:The major areas of improvement are: 2015:The major areas of improvement are: 1925:The major areas of improvement are: 1791: 933: 406:adding citations to reliable sources 377: 269:. Upon discovering a picture of the 8409: 8284:from the original on 23 August 2009 8077:from the original on 20 August 2019 8047:from the original on 30 August 2021 7147:Woolley, Martin (7 February 2023). 6917:from the original on 8 January 2020 6899:Woolley, Martin (9 December 2020). 6871:"Bluetooth Core Specification v5.1" 6869:Woolley, Martin (28 January 2019). 6837:"Bluetooth Core Specification v5.0" 6652:from the original on 3 October 2019 6611:Woolley, Martin (26 October 2017). 6586: 6560: 5561:Sascha Wildner (15 November 2014). 5163:. Microsoft Technet. Archived from 4401:. Amperordirect.com. Archived from 4168:from the original on 2 January 2012 3184:In November 2023, researchers from 3022:. The virus was first described by 3001:In 2001, Jakobsson and Wetzel from 2716: 2431:Enhanced Retransmission Mode (ERTM) 2370:Transmission and reception of data. 1885:Low Duty Cycle Directed Advertising 1085:Triggering the camera shutter of a 24: 8992: 8122:from the original on 16 April 2021 7944:Neumann, Lior; Biham, Eli (2020). 7058:Carrie Marshall (30 August 2023). 6955:from the original on 26 April 2020 5750:. Newswireless.net. Archived from 5573:from the original on 30 April 2019 5452:from the original on 24 March 2019 5343:Iain Hibbert; Itronix Inc (2006). 5127:"Bluetooth Wireless Technology FAQ 4757:"How Bluetooth Surveillance Works" 4727: 4566:from the original on 14 April 2021 4501:from the original on 11 March 2020 4425:"WT41 Long Range Bluetooth Module" 3903: 3749:. London: Icon Books Ltd. p. 3590:from the original on 26 April 2019 3192: 2752:to protect exchanged data against 2201:Channel Classification Enhancement 2111:Periodic Advertising Sync Transfer 2023: 1599:The specification is published as 1576:Mbit/s. EDR uses a combination of 1498:Received signal strength indicator 627:MHz wide at the bottom end and 3.5 25: 11443: 8733:Frequency-hopping spread spectrum 8355: 7416:from the original on 11 June 2017 7369:Andreas Becker (16 August 2007). 7128:from the original on 30 July 2021 6791:from the original on 10 June 2019 6735:from the original on 18 June 2016 6444:from the original on 24 July 2011 6418:from the original on 21 July 2011 6171:"Simon Stenhouse – Leech Attempt" 6151:from the original on 12 June 2021 6121:from the original on 12 June 2021 5467: 5336: 5283: 5245:from the original on 19 June 2019 5042:from the original on 4 April 2012 5038:. How Stuff Works. 30 June 2010. 4475:from the original on 16 July 2013 4355:. New York: Flatiron Publishing. 3564:from the original on 24 June 2021 3289: 2037:LE Channel Selection Algorithm #2 1694: 1519:frequency-hopping spread spectrum 1452:Core Specification Addendum (CSA) 983:A typical Bluetooth mobile phone 641:frequency-hopping spread spectrum 606: 11380: 11370: 11361: 11360: 11349: 10970:Free-space optical communication 8321: 8296: 8278:"Bluetooth Innovation World Cup" 8233: 8176: 8155: 8134: 8089: 8059: 8002: 7937: 7907: 7877: 7840: 7808: 7778: 7751: 7721: 7695: 7662: 7636: 7610: 7584: 7553: 7527: 7501: 7480: 7455: 7443:from the original on 20 May 2015 7428: 7395: 7371:"Bluetooth Security & Hacks" 7362: 7329: 7262: 7203: 7177: 7140: 7110:Woolley, Martin (24 June 2021). 7103: 7077: 7051: 7035:Scharon Harding (12 July 2022). 7028: 6998: 6967: 6929: 6892: 6862: 6829: 6803: 6777: 6747: 6721: 6709:from the original on 12 May 2019 6694: 6682:from the original on 13 May 2019 6664: 6634: 6604: 6534: 6508: 6482: 6456: 6430: 6404: 6378: 6352: 6334: 6309: 5219:from the original on 22 May 2019 5157:"Network Protection Technologie" 4987:from the original on 25 May 2019 4903:from the original on 1 July 2013 4767:from the original on 26 May 2015 4627:. Trusound Audio. Archived from 4546:Sauter, Martin (2 August 2017). 4527:from the original on 1 July 2015 4431:from the original on 3 July 2013 4326:"How Bluetooth Technology Works" 4192:Bluetooth Special Interest Group 3981:from the original on 3 July 2021 3098:In April 2006, researchers from 2882:to retrieve the encryption key. 2748:link between the devices may be 2379:Establishment of the connection. 2242: 2216: 2186: 2137: 2057: 1913: 1866: 1740: 1727:Bluetooth Special Interest Group 1614:The headline feature of v2.1 is 1540:(HCI) operation with three-wire 1504: 1479: 1472:Products were not interoperable. 1413:Bluetooth Special Interest Group 964:Video Distribution Profile (VDP) 796:Bluetooth device power by class 382: 353: 343: 327: 217:Bluetooth Special Interest Group 58:Bluetooth Special Interest Group 8727:Direct-sequence spread spectrum 8329:"Bluetooth Breakthrough Awards" 7289:from the original on 5 May 2020 7269:Veendrick, Harry J. M. (2017). 6974:Clover, Juli (6 January 2020). 6817:from the original on 5 May 2021 6283: 6257: 6241:. Bluetooth.com. Archived from 6231: 6199: 6180:. November 2009. Archived from 6163: 6133: 6103: 6077: 6051: 6025: 5999: 5973: 5946: 5920: 5894: 5862: 5830: 5766: 5746:Guy Kewney (16 November 2004). 5703: 5673: 5641: 5611: 5595:. Bluetooth.com. Archived from 5585: 5554: 5502: 5431: 5393: 5371: 5318: 5257: 5231: 5205: 5179: 5149: 5080: 5064:. Bluetooth.com. 30 June 2010. 5054: 5009:. Bluetooth.com. Archived from 4999: 4915: 4889: 4857: 4831: 4805: 4789:. Bluetooth SIG. Archived from 4779: 4748: 4721: 4699: 4673: 4657:. 27 March 2014. Archived from 4643: 4617: 4578: 4539: 4513: 4487: 4399:"Class 1 Bluetooth Dongle Test" 4391: 4377:"Understanding Bluetooth Range" 4369: 4328:. Bluetooth SIG. Archived from 4318: 4291: 4232: 4210: 4180: 4133: 4115: 4085: 4053: 4023: 3993: 3928: 3897: 3868: 3842: 3824: 3794: 3767: 3734: 3685:"Harald Bluetooth's rune stone" 3458: 3147:In July 2018, Lior Neumann and 2422:Retransmission and Flow Control 2360: 2278: 2198:Periodic Advertisement Interval 2090:ADI field in scan response data 1667:Enables the use of alternative 1523:, which improves resistance to 1513:Faster connection and discovery 1310:Operating system implementation 1046:Wireless streaming of audio to 791:Bluetooth classes and power use 668:Gaussian frequency-shift keying 393:needs additional citations for 11422:Wireless communication systems 7646:. F-Secure.com. Archived from 7336:Juha T. Vainio (25 May 2000). 5514:DragonFly On-Line Manual Pages 3687:. National Museum of Denmark. 3677: 3651: 3628: 3602: 3576: 2968: 2481:Radio Frequency Communications 2476:Radio Frequency Communications 2376:Request of the link addresses. 2315:device. Bluetooth devices are 2235:Security Levels Characteristic 1966: 1903:Fast data advertising interval 1347:, which was released in 2002. 1213:to a PC when using VR headsets 1096:Replacement of previous wired 787:wireless path must be viable. 580:" internet connected devices. 13: 1: 7404:"Guide to Bluetooth Security" 7215:Bluetooth® Technology Website 7189:Bluetooth® Technology Website 6267:. Engadget. 25 October 2011. 5957:. zdnet.co.uk. Archived from 5953:David Meyer (22 April 2009). 3942:. 24 May 2001. Archived from 3710:Kardach, Jim (5 March 2008). 3471: 2692: 2470:Universally Unique Identifier 1089:using a Bluetooth controlled 647:MHz. It usually performs 1600 520:with specifying and Dutchman 271:runestone of Harald Bluetooth 11356:Telecommunication portal 11137:Telecommunications equipment 8921:Low probability of intercept 8890:PN (pseudorandom noise) code 8745:Time-hopping spread spectrum 8023:10.1007/978-3-030-12143-3_16 7958:10.1007/978-3-030-38471-5_11 7760:"Cracking the Bluetooth PIN" 7511:. The Bunker. Archived from 7435:John Fuller (28 July 2008). 6440:. iFixit.com. 21 July 2011. 5400:Ted Unangst (11 July 2014). 5330:BSD Kernel Interfaces Manual 5239:"Bluedroid stack in android" 4865:"Real Time Location Systems" 4755:John Fuller (28 July 2008). 4061:"122 Nobel prize candidates" 3876:"Bluetooth Experience Icons" 3806:Bluetooth Technology Website 3776:"The Naming of a Technology" 3658:Paleja, Ameya (3 May 2024). 3338:Bluetooth Low Energy beacons 2996: 2992:History of security concerns 2238:Advertising Coding Selection 2081:Minor Enhancements batch 1: 2019:Slot Availability Mask (SAM) 1615: 1525:radio frequency interference 1509:Major enhancements include: 920:air and obstacles in between 745:Communication and connection 304:version of the Scandinavian 246: 215:Bluetooth is managed by the 7: 10873:Alexander Stepanovich Popov 7560:John Oates (15 June 2004). 7311:Stallings, William (2005). 7010:Android Open Source Project 5870:"Simple Pairing Whitepaper" 5438:tbert, ed. (29 July 2014). 5402:"CVS: cvs.openbsd.org: src" 5088:"Bluetooth for Programmers" 4975:Mroz, Mandy (21 May 2018). 4353:Newton's telecom dictionary 3610:"Brand Enforcement Program" 3396:List of Bluetooth protocols 3302: 2913: 2908: 2799:Alpha-numeric input devices 2585:over a point-to-point link. 2340:List of Bluetooth protocols 2295: 2283: 1792:similar communication range 1679:Unicast Connectionless Data 1568:. The data rate of EDR is 3 1548:IEEE Standard 802.15.1–2005 1487:IEEE Standard 802.15.1–2002 1442:with all earlier versions. 1407:Specifications and features 1399:-based implementation from 995:A handheld, waterproof JBL 957:Health Device Profile (HDP) 10: 11448: 10577:Telecommunications history 10289:IEEE Standards Association 7729:"Avishai Wool – אבישי וול" 6466:. Broadcom. Archived from 5783:10.1109/IEEESTD.2005.96290 5720:10.1109/IEEESTD.2002.93621 5474:Hasso Tepper, ed. (2008). 4839:"Tai nghe bluetooth nokia" 4001:"Grattis Bluetooth, 10 år" 3544:Muller, Nathan J. (2002). 3321:List of Bluetooth profiles 3295:to stimulate new markets. 3196: 3086:In August 2005, police in 3043:In January 2005, a mobile 2972: 2948:into one or both devices. 2917: 2553:Telephony Control Protocol 2547:Telephony Control Protocol 2458:Service Discovery Protocol 2452:Service Discovery Protocol 2337: 2251:Bluetooth Channel Sounding 2228:Encrypted Advertising Data 2003:Bluetooth 5 provides, for 1744: 1313: 1217: 1176:Real-time location systems 940:List of Bluetooth profiles 937: 653:adaptive frequency-hopping 365: 223:standardized Bluetooth as 29: 11344: 11286: 11223: 11185:Public Switched Telephone 11145: 11109: 11066: 11007: 10997:telecommunication circuit 10958:Fiber-optic communication 10941: 10703:Francis Blake (telephone) 10650: 10498:Optical telecommunication 10342: 10279: 10233: 10197: 10095: 9835: 9535: 9417: 9312: 9303: 9000: 8929: 8882: 8798: 8754: 8716: 8675: 8670:in digital communications 8556: 8538: 8510: 8417: 7703:"Yaniv Shaked's Homepage" 7275:. Springer. p. 243. 5812:"Specification Documents" 5290:Maksim Yevmenkin (2002). 5241:. Jacob su. 10 May 2016. 5062:"Specification Documents" 4936:10.1109/EMBC.2015.7320250 4164:. Radio-Electronics.com. 3906:"Who Invented Bluetooth?" 3427:Thread (network protocol) 3356:Bluetooth mesh networking 2617:Baseband error correction 2390:Host Controller Interface 2075:Advertising Channel Index 2034:LE Advertising Extensions 1959:to support connected home 1623:extended inquiry response 1538:Host Controller Interface 1326:Windows XP Service Pack 2 875: 862: 803: 800: 713:master/slave architecture 137: 127: 91: 81: 63: 53: 44: 30:For the Danish king, see 11096:Orbital angular-momentum 10533:Satellite communications 10372:Communications satellite 8947:Statistical multiplexing 7847:Finistere & Zoller. 6701:cnxsoft (10 June 2016). 5838:"HTC TyTN Specification" 5385:. NetBSD. Archived from 4841:. tainghebluetooth.com. 3451: 3406:Near-field communication 3361:Continua Health Alliance 2843:near-field communication 2641:Any Bluetooth device in 2631:automatic repeat request 2627:forward error correction 2598:Object Exchange Protocol 2348:Bluetooth protocol stack 2334:Bluetooth protocol stack 2308:A Bluetooth device is a 1641:The main new feature is 1302:Unlike its predecessor, 1078:and sharing directories 804:Maximum permitted power 615:GHz, or 2.400 and 2.4835 275:A History of the Vikings 10975:Molecular communication 10798:Gardiner Greene Hubbard 10627:Undersea telegraph line 10362:Cable protection system 10294:Category:IEEE standards 8190:10.1145/3576915.3623066 4351:Newton, Harold (2007). 4220:. Freepatentsonline.com 3664:Interesting Engineering 3381:Java APIs for Bluetooth 3179: 3158: 3142: 3114: 3093: 3072:University of Cambridge 3038: 2954:In September 2008, the 2811:public-key cryptography 2576:Point-to-Point Protocol 2266:LL extended feature set 2152:LE Isochronous Channels 1718:Promoter Group and the 769: 601:European Inventor Award 509:, issued 1992-07-24 497:, issued 1989-06-12 229:Bluetooth SIG standards 208:and music players with 11117:Communication protocol 10903:Charles Sumner Tainter 10718:Walter Houser Brattain 10663:Edwin Howard Armstrong 10471:Information revolution 8905:Power spectral density 7790:Cambridge Evening News 7620:. SANS. Archived from 7437:"What is bluejacking?" 6291:"Dialog Semiconductor" 4681:"Bluetooth Technology" 3850:"Bluetooth on Twitter" 3741:Forsyth, Mark (2011). 3217:non-ionizing radiation 2637:Setting up connections 2349: 2257:Monitoring advertisers 2097:and Flow Specification 2022:2 Mbit/s PHY for 1906:Limited discovery time 1894:LE Link Layer Topology 1891:Dual Mode and Topology 1847:lowest possible cost. 1720:USB Implementers Forum 1706:On 16 March 2009, the 1686:Enhanced Power Control 1467:Bluetooth 1.0 and 1.0B 1288: 1276: 1251:(transferring files). 1231: 1000: 988: 685:is possible. The term 651:hops per second, with 597:European Patent Office 572:integrated Bluetooth. 516:. Nils Rydbeck tasked 375: 362:), Harald's initials. 298: 176:personal area networks 164: 86:Personal area networks 69:; 26 years ago 11091:Polarization-division 10823:Narinder Singh Kapany 10788:Erna Schneider Hoover 10708:Jagadish Chandra Bose 10688:Alexander Graham Bell 10419:online video platform 8937:Digital communication 8799:Major implementations 8739:Chirp spread spectrum 7592:"Long Distance Snarf" 6414:. Texas Instruments. 6362:. CSR. Archived from 5843:. HTC. Archived from 5649:"Compatibility guide" 5036:"How Bluetooth Works" 4651:"Bluetooth Revisited" 4127:mobilephonemuseum.com 4123:"Mobile Phone Museum" 3207:spectrum in the 2.402 2924:Bluetooth implements 2807:Secure Simple Pairing 2793:Numeric input devices 2783:Limited input devices 2668:unique 48-bit address 2347: 2274:Technical information 1725:In October 2009, the 1616:secure simple pairing 1314:Further information: 1282: 1270: 1263:Computer requirements 1225: 994: 982: 950:Headset Profile (HSP) 867:1.5 included in Class 709:packet-based protocol 697:Mbit/s respectively. 373: 286: 158: 11417:Networking standards 10933:Vladimir K. Zworykin 10893:Almon Brown Strowger 10863:Charles Grafton Page 10518:Prepaid mobile phone 10446:Electrical telegraph 8215:"Bluetooth Tutorial" 7338:"Bluetooth Security" 7185:"Core Specification" 6648:. 27 February 2017. 6187:on 24 September 2015 6091:on 16 September 2018 5961:on 19 September 2011 5013:on 18 September 2010 4709:. 11 December 2009. 3802:"Origin of the Name" 3215:GHz range, which is 3169:University of Oxford 2195:Connection Subrating 2093:Interaction between 1816:Nordic Semiconductor 1804:Dialog Semiconductor 1769:Bluetooth Low Energy 1762:Bluetooth Low Energy 1757:Bluetooth high speed 1747:Bluetooth Low Energy 1601:Bluetooth v2.0 + EDR 1025:for unlocking doors. 987:from the early 2000s 975:List of applications 657:Bluetooth Low Energy 402:improve this article 10883:Johann Philipp Reis 10642:Wireless revolution 10604:The Telephone Cases 10461:Hydraulic telegraph 8557:Long range wireless 8221:on 12 December 2016 6600:on 7 December 2014. 6570:. 3 December 2014. 6245:on 21 December 2009 6219:on 29 December 2014 6117:. 29 October 2009. 5532:BSD Cross Reference 5480:BSD Cross Reference 5383:NetBSD Manual Pages 5349:BSD Cross Reference 5296:BSD Cross Reference 5193:on 18 February 2008 4815:. Telemedicine.jp. 4793:on 20 February 2008 4257:2012Senso..1211734G 3946:on 22 December 2007 3203:Bluetooth uses the 2688:Pairing and bonding 2666:Every device has a 2437:Streaming Mode (SM) 2045:Higher Output Power 1664:Alternative MAC/PHY 1607:Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR 1560:Bluetooth 2.0 + EDR 1440:backward-compatible 1271:An early Bluetooth 1226:A modern Bluetooth 1107:For controls where 797: 326:The Bluetooth logo 210:wireless headphones 92:Compatible hardware 41: 11432:Swedish inventions 11081:Frequency-division 11058:Telephone exchange 10928:Charles Wheatstone 10858:Jun-ichi Nishizawa 10833:Innocenzo Manzetti 10768:Reginald Fessenden 10503:Optical telegraphy 10336:Telecommunications 8073:. 15 August 2019. 7709:on 9 November 2007 7515:on 26 January 2007 7217:. 3 September 2024 6765:on 9 December 2018 6348:on 25 August 2013. 6321:STMicroelectronics 5882:on 18 October 2006 5850:on 12 October 2006 5754:on 15 January 2018 5406:source-changes@cvs 4728:Mattei, Giovanni. 4683:. mobileinfo.com. 4405:on 10 October 2021 4332:on 17 January 2008 4266:10.3390/s120911734 4251:(9): 11734–11753. 4097:innovatorsradet.se 3525:on 28 October 2012 3053:Series 60 platform 2963:pairing mechanisms 2863:numeric comparison 2827:Numeric comparison 2764:Pairing mechanisms 2625:, either 1/3 rate 2462:Bluetooth profiles 2350: 2324:integrated circuit 2269:Frame space update 1973:Internet of Things 1920:Internet of things 1808:STMicroelectronics 1629:Bluetooth 3.0 + HS 1582:phase-shift keying 1289: 1277: 1232: 1211:motion controllers 1182:also be used as a 1133:seventh generation 1001: 989: 795: 687:Enhanced Data Rate 588:negotiations with 376: 257:Frans G. Bengtsson 237:integrated circuit 165: 99:Personal computers 39: 11394: 11393: 11132:Store and forward 11127:Data transmission 11041:Network switching 10992:Transmission line 10838:Guglielmo Marconi 10803:Internet pioneers 10668:Mohamed M. Atalla 10637:Whistled language 10302: 10301: 10193: 10192: 8960: 8959: 8634: 8633: 8280:. Bluetooth.com. 8258:on 6 October 2006 8199:979-8-4007-0050-7 8032:978-3-030-12142-6 7967:978-3-030-38470-8 7594:. Trifinite.org. 7537:. Trifinite.org. 7439:. howstuffworks. 6548:. 2 December 2014 6522:on 3 October 2015 6470:on 11 August 2011 6342:":::笙科電子-Amiccom" 5814:. Bluetooth SIG. 5792:978-0-7381-4708-6 5729:978-0-7381-3335-5 5389:on 13 March 2021. 5167:on 1 January 2008 4945:978-1-4244-9271-8 4813:"Telemedicine.jp" 4598:978-1-119-94488-1 4559:978-1-119-34690-6 4523:. Bluetooth.com. 4497:. Bluetooth.com. 3612:. Bluetooth.com. 3586:. Bluetooth.com. 3547:Networking A to Z 3121:Microsoft Windows 3033:Bluetooth sniping 3003:Bell Laboratories 2873:Security concerns 2815:man in the middle 2739:cryptographically 2643:discoverable mode 2566:Adopted protocols 2511:in Wireless LAN. 1977:Xperia XZ Premium 1933:Secure Connection 1840:Texas Instruments 1820:Texas Instruments 1788:Classic Bluetooth 1753:Classic Bluetooth 1293:desktop computers 1037:Bluetooth headset 1030:wireless speakers 997:Bluetooth speaker 934:Bluetooth profile 915: 914: 478: 477: 470: 452: 300:Bluetooth is the 170:is a short-range 153: 152: 16:(Redirected from 11439: 11412:Mobile computers 11384: 11383: 11374: 11373: 11364: 11363: 11354: 11353: 11352: 11225:Notable networks 11215:Wireless network 11155:Cellular network 11147:Types of network 11122:Computer network 11009:Network topology 10923:Thomas A. Watson 10778:Oliver Heaviside 10763:Philo Farnsworth 10738:Daniel Davis Jr. 10713:Charles Bourseul 10673:John Logie Baird 10382:Data compression 10377:Computer network 10329: 10322: 10315: 10306: 10305: 9310: 9309: 8987: 8980: 8973: 8964: 8963: 8900:Near–far problem 8717:Spread spectrum 8661: 8654: 8647: 8638: 8637: 8404: 8397: 8390: 8381: 8380: 8367: 8366: 8364:Official website 8349: 8348: 8346: 8344: 8335:. Archived from 8325: 8319: 8318: 8316: 8314: 8300: 8294: 8293: 8291: 8289: 8274: 8268: 8267: 8265: 8263: 8257: 8246: 8237: 8231: 8230: 8228: 8226: 8217:. Archived from 8210: 8204: 8203: 8180: 8174: 8173: 8171: 8169: 8159: 8153: 8152: 8150: 8148: 8138: 8132: 8131: 8129: 8127: 8121: 8104: 8093: 8087: 8086: 8084: 8082: 8063: 8057: 8056: 8054: 8052: 8006: 8000: 7999: 7997: 7995: 7941: 7935: 7934: 7932: 7930: 7921:. 24 July 2019. 7911: 7905: 7904: 7902: 7900: 7881: 7875: 7874: 7872: 7870: 7864: 7853: 7844: 7838: 7837: 7835: 7833: 7827: 7820: 7812: 7806: 7805: 7803: 7801: 7792:. Archived from 7782: 7776: 7775: 7773: 7771: 7755: 7749: 7748: 7746: 7744: 7725: 7719: 7718: 7716: 7714: 7705:. Archived from 7699: 7693: 7692: 7690: 7688: 7682: 7675: 7666: 7660: 7659: 7657: 7655: 7640: 7634: 7633: 7631: 7629: 7614: 7608: 7607: 7605: 7603: 7588: 7582: 7581: 7579: 7577: 7557: 7551: 7550: 7548: 7546: 7531: 7525: 7524: 7522: 7520: 7505: 7499: 7498: 7496: 7484: 7478: 7477: 7475: 7473: 7459: 7453: 7452: 7450: 7448: 7432: 7426: 7425: 7423: 7421: 7415: 7408: 7399: 7393: 7392: 7390: 7388: 7383:on 21 March 2016 7382: 7375: 7366: 7360: 7359: 7357: 7355: 7349: 7342: 7333: 7327: 7326: 7308: 7299: 7298: 7296: 7294: 7266: 7260: 7259: 7257: 7255: 7233: 7227: 7226: 7224: 7222: 7207: 7201: 7200: 7198: 7196: 7191:. 30 August 2024 7181: 7175: 7174: 7172: 7170: 7164: 7153: 7144: 7138: 7137: 7135: 7133: 7127: 7116: 7107: 7101: 7100: 7098: 7096: 7081: 7075: 7074: 7072: 7070: 7055: 7049: 7048: 7046: 7044: 7032: 7026: 7025: 7023: 7021: 7002: 6996: 6995: 6993: 6991: 6971: 6965: 6964: 6962: 6960: 6933: 6927: 6926: 6924: 6922: 6916: 6905: 6896: 6890: 6889: 6887: 6885: 6880:(1.0.1 ed.) 6875: 6866: 6860: 6859: 6857: 6855: 6841: 6833: 6827: 6826: 6824: 6822: 6813:. 10 June 2016. 6807: 6801: 6800: 6798: 6796: 6787:. 10 June 2016. 6781: 6775: 6774: 6772: 6770: 6761:. Archived from 6751: 6745: 6744: 6742: 6740: 6725: 6719: 6718: 6716: 6714: 6698: 6692: 6691: 6689: 6687: 6668: 6662: 6661: 6659: 6657: 6638: 6632: 6631: 6629: 6627: 6622:(1.1.0 ed.) 6617: 6608: 6602: 6601: 6596:. Archived from 6590: 6584: 6583: 6581: 6579: 6564: 6558: 6557: 6555: 6553: 6538: 6532: 6531: 6529: 6527: 6512: 6506: 6505: 6503: 6501: 6486: 6480: 6479: 6477: 6475: 6460: 6454: 6453: 6451: 6449: 6434: 6428: 6427: 6425: 6423: 6408: 6402: 6401: 6399: 6397: 6386:"Nordicsemi.com" 6382: 6376: 6375: 6373: 6371: 6356: 6350: 6349: 6344:. Archived from 6338: 6332: 6331: 6329: 6327: 6313: 6307: 6306: 6304: 6302: 6287: 6281: 6280: 6278: 6276: 6261: 6255: 6254: 6252: 6250: 6235: 6229: 6228: 6226: 6224: 6218: 6211: 6203: 6197: 6196: 6194: 6192: 6186: 6175: 6167: 6161: 6160: 6158: 6156: 6137: 6131: 6130: 6128: 6126: 6107: 6101: 6100: 6098: 6096: 6081: 6075: 6074: 6072: 6070: 6055: 6049: 6048: 6046: 6044: 6029: 6023: 6022: 6020: 6018: 6013:on 23 March 2009 6009:. Archived from 6003: 5997: 5996: 5994: 5992: 5987:on 26 April 2002 5977: 5971: 5970: 5968: 5966: 5950: 5944: 5943: 5941: 5939: 5924: 5918: 5917: 5915: 5913: 5898: 5892: 5891: 5889: 5887: 5881: 5874: 5866: 5860: 5859: 5857: 5855: 5849: 5842: 5834: 5828: 5827: 5825: 5823: 5808: 5797: 5796: 5770: 5764: 5763: 5761: 5759: 5743: 5734: 5733: 5707: 5701: 5700: 5698: 5696: 5677: 5671: 5670: 5668: 5666: 5660: 5653: 5645: 5639: 5638: 5636: 5634: 5625:. Archived from 5615: 5609: 5608: 5606: 5604: 5589: 5583: 5582: 5580: 5578: 5558: 5552: 5551: 5549: 5547: 5524: 5518: 5517: 5506: 5500: 5499: 5497: 5495: 5471: 5465: 5464: 5459: 5457: 5435: 5429: 5428: 5423: 5421: 5408:(Mailing list). 5397: 5391: 5390: 5375: 5369: 5368: 5366: 5364: 5340: 5334: 5333: 5322: 5316: 5315: 5313: 5311: 5287: 5281: 5280: 5278: 5276: 5261: 5255: 5254: 5252: 5250: 5235: 5229: 5228: 5226: 5224: 5209: 5203: 5202: 5200: 5198: 5183: 5177: 5176: 5174: 5172: 5153: 5147: 5146: 5144: 5142: 5130: 5123: 5110: 5109: 5107: 5105: 5099: 5092: 5084: 5078: 5077: 5075: 5073: 5058: 5052: 5051: 5049: 5047: 5032: 5023: 5022: 5020: 5018: 5003: 4997: 4996: 4994: 4992: 4972: 4966: 4965: 4919: 4913: 4912: 4910: 4908: 4893: 4887: 4886: 4884: 4882: 4876: 4869: 4861: 4855: 4854: 4852: 4850: 4835: 4829: 4828: 4826: 4824: 4809: 4803: 4802: 4800: 4798: 4787:"Wii Controller" 4783: 4777: 4776: 4774: 4772: 4752: 4746: 4745: 4743: 4741: 4725: 4719: 4718: 4703: 4697: 4696: 4694: 4692: 4677: 4671: 4670: 4668: 4666: 4647: 4641: 4640: 4638: 4636: 4631:on 18 April 2016 4621: 4615: 4614: 4612: 4610: 4582: 4576: 4575: 4573: 4571: 4543: 4537: 4536: 4534: 4532: 4517: 4511: 4510: 4508: 4506: 4491: 4485: 4484: 4482: 4480: 4465: 4459: 4458: 4457:on 17 July 2013. 4453:. Archived from 4447: 4441: 4440: 4438: 4436: 4421: 4415: 4414: 4412: 4410: 4395: 4389: 4388: 4386: 4384: 4373: 4367: 4366: 4348: 4342: 4341: 4339: 4337: 4322: 4316: 4315: 4295: 4289: 4288: 4286: 4268: 4236: 4230: 4229: 4227: 4225: 4214: 4208: 4207: 4205: 4203: 4184: 4178: 4177: 4175: 4173: 4158: 4149: 4148: 4137: 4131: 4130: 4119: 4113: 4112: 4110: 4108: 4099:. Archived from 4089: 4083: 4082: 4080: 4078: 4072: 4065: 4057: 4051: 4050: 4048: 4046: 4027: 4021: 4020: 4018: 4016: 3997: 3991: 3990: 3988: 3986: 3980: 3973: 3965: 3956: 3955: 3953: 3951: 3932: 3926: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3904:Nguyen, Tuan C. 3901: 3895: 3894: 3889: 3887: 3872: 3866: 3865: 3863: 3861: 3846: 3840: 3839: 3838:on 20 June 2004. 3828: 3822: 3821: 3819: 3817: 3798: 3792: 3791: 3789: 3787: 3771: 3765: 3764: 3748: 3745:The Etymologicon 3738: 3732: 3731: 3729: 3727: 3707: 3701: 3700: 3698: 3696: 3681: 3675: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3655: 3649: 3648: 3646: 3644: 3632: 3626: 3625: 3623: 3621: 3606: 3600: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3580: 3574: 3573: 3571: 3569: 3541: 3535: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3515: 3506: 3505: 3503: 3501: 3492:. Archived from 3482: 3465: 3462: 3285: 3277: 3269: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3230: 3223:in the possible 3214: 3210: 2655:List of services 2623:error correction 2556: 2262: 2234: 2180:Galaxy Buds2 Pro 2149:LE Power Control 2123:Mesh-based model 2096: 2070:Angle of Arrival 2025: 2010: 1939:Length Extension 1828:Qualcomm Atheros 1797: 1708:WiMedia Alliance 1644: 1575: 1571: 1555: 1355:Bluetooth stacks 1353:has two popular 1344: 1286: 907: 903: 899: 893: 889: 885: 879: 870: 866: 798: 794: 733: 729: 722: 696: 681: 662: 650: 646: 638: 630: 626: 618: 614: 515: 514: 510: 503: 502: 498: 473: 466: 462: 459: 453: 451: 410: 386: 378: 357: 347: 331: 267:Harald Bluetooth 203: 196: 149: 146: 144: 119:Embedded devices 77: 75: 70: 49: 42: 38: 32:Harald Bluetooth 21: 11447: 11446: 11442: 11441: 11440: 11438: 11437: 11436: 11397: 11396: 11395: 11390: 11350: 11348: 11340: 11282: 11219: 11141: 11105: 11062: 11011: 11003: 10944: 10937: 10843:Robert Metcalfe 10698:Tim Berners-Lee 10646: 10466:Information Age 10338: 10333: 10303: 10298: 10275: 10229: 10189: 10091: 9839: 9831: 9539: 9531: 9413: 9299: 8996: 8991: 8961: 8956: 8925: 8878: 8832:Cordless phones 8794: 8750: 8712: 8683:Spread spectrum 8671: 8668:Spread spectrum 8665: 8635: 8630: 8552: 8534: 8506: 8413: 8411:Internet access 8408: 8362: 8361: 8358: 8353: 8352: 8342: 8340: 8339:on 15 July 2015 8327: 8326: 8322: 8312: 8310: 8302: 8301: 8297: 8287: 8285: 8276: 8275: 8271: 8261: 8259: 8255: 8244: 8238: 8234: 8224: 8222: 8211: 8207: 8200: 8181: 8177: 8167: 8165: 8161: 8160: 8156: 8146: 8144: 8140: 8139: 8135: 8125: 8123: 8119: 8113: 8102: 8094: 8090: 8080: 8078: 8065: 8064: 8060: 8050: 8048: 8033: 8007: 8003: 7993: 7991: 7968: 7942: 7938: 7928: 7926: 7913: 7912: 7908: 7898: 7896: 7883: 7882: 7878: 7868: 7866: 7862: 7856:archive.hack.lu 7851: 7845: 7841: 7831: 7829: 7828:on 10 June 2006 7825: 7818: 7814: 7813: 7809: 7799: 7797: 7796:on 17 July 2007 7784: 7783: 7779: 7769: 7767: 7756: 7752: 7742: 7740: 7727: 7726: 7722: 7712: 7710: 7701: 7700: 7696: 7686: 7684: 7683:on 16 June 2007 7680: 7673: 7667: 7663: 7653: 7651: 7642: 7641: 7637: 7627: 7625: 7624:on 14 July 2014 7616: 7615: 7611: 7601: 7599: 7590: 7589: 7585: 7575: 7573: 7558: 7554: 7544: 7542: 7533: 7532: 7528: 7518: 7516: 7507: 7506: 7502: 7486: 7485: 7481: 7471: 7469: 7461: 7460: 7456: 7446: 7444: 7433: 7429: 7419: 7417: 7413: 7406: 7400: 7396: 7386: 7384: 7380: 7373: 7367: 7363: 7353: 7351: 7347: 7340: 7334: 7330: 7323: 7309: 7302: 7292: 7290: 7283: 7267: 7263: 7253: 7251: 7234: 7230: 7220: 7218: 7209: 7208: 7204: 7194: 7192: 7183: 7182: 7178: 7168: 7166: 7162: 7151: 7145: 7141: 7131: 7129: 7125: 7114: 7108: 7104: 7094: 7092: 7082: 7078: 7068: 7066: 7056: 7052: 7042: 7040: 7033: 7029: 7019: 7017: 7004: 7003: 6999: 6989: 6987: 6972: 6968: 6958: 6956: 6935: 6934: 6930: 6920: 6918: 6914: 6903: 6897: 6893: 6883: 6881: 6873: 6867: 6863: 6853: 6851: 6839: 6835: 6834: 6830: 6820: 6818: 6809: 6808: 6804: 6794: 6792: 6783: 6782: 6778: 6768: 6766: 6753: 6752: 6748: 6738: 6736: 6727: 6726: 6722: 6712: 6710: 6699: 6695: 6685: 6683: 6670: 6669: 6665: 6655: 6653: 6640: 6639: 6635: 6625: 6623: 6615: 6609: 6605: 6592: 6591: 6587: 6577: 6575: 6566: 6565: 6561: 6551: 6549: 6540: 6539: 6535: 6525: 6523: 6514: 6513: 6509: 6499: 6497: 6496:on 23 June 2014 6488: 6487: 6483: 6473: 6471: 6462: 6461: 6457: 6447: 6445: 6436: 6435: 6431: 6421: 6419: 6410: 6409: 6405: 6395: 6393: 6392:on 2 April 2011 6384: 6383: 6379: 6369: 6367: 6366:on 28 June 2012 6358: 6357: 6353: 6340: 6339: 6335: 6325: 6323: 6315: 6314: 6310: 6300: 6298: 6289: 6288: 6284: 6274: 6272: 6263: 6262: 6258: 6248: 6246: 6239:"Bluetooth.com" 6237: 6236: 6232: 6222: 6220: 6216: 6209: 6205: 6204: 6200: 6190: 6188: 6184: 6173: 6169: 6168: 6164: 6154: 6152: 6139: 6138: 6134: 6124: 6122: 6109: 6108: 6104: 6094: 6092: 6083: 6082: 6078: 6068: 6066: 6065:on 10 June 2011 6057: 6056: 6052: 6042: 6040: 6033:"bluetooth.com" 6031: 6030: 6026: 6016: 6014: 6005: 6004: 6000: 5990: 5988: 5979: 5978: 5974: 5964: 5962: 5951: 5947: 5937: 5935: 5926: 5925: 5921: 5911: 5909: 5900: 5899: 5895: 5885: 5883: 5879: 5872: 5868: 5867: 5863: 5853: 5851: 5847: 5840: 5836: 5835: 5831: 5821: 5819: 5810: 5809: 5800: 5793: 5772: 5771: 5767: 5757: 5755: 5744: 5737: 5730: 5709: 5708: 5704: 5694: 5692: 5679: 5678: 5674: 5664: 5662: 5658: 5651: 5647: 5646: 5642: 5632: 5630: 5629:on 26 June 2014 5617: 5616: 5612: 5602: 5600: 5591: 5590: 5586: 5576: 5574: 5559: 5555: 5545: 5543: 5526: 5525: 5521: 5508: 5507: 5503: 5493: 5491: 5472: 5468: 5455: 5453: 5445:OpenBSD Journal 5436: 5432: 5419: 5417: 5398: 5394: 5377: 5376: 5372: 5362: 5360: 5341: 5337: 5324: 5323: 5319: 5309: 5307: 5288: 5284: 5274: 5272: 5263: 5262: 5258: 5248: 5246: 5237: 5236: 5232: 5222: 5220: 5211: 5210: 5206: 5196: 5194: 5185: 5184: 5180: 5170: 5168: 5155: 5154: 5150: 5140: 5138: 5128: 5125: 5124: 5113: 5103: 5101: 5097: 5090: 5086: 5085: 5081: 5071: 5069: 5060: 5059: 5055: 5045: 5043: 5034: 5033: 5026: 5016: 5014: 5005: 5004: 5000: 4990: 4988: 4981:Healthy Hearing 4973: 4969: 4946: 4920: 4916: 4906: 4904: 4895: 4894: 4890: 4880: 4878: 4874: 4867: 4863: 4862: 4858: 4848: 4846: 4837: 4836: 4832: 4822: 4820: 4811: 4810: 4806: 4796: 4794: 4785: 4784: 4780: 4770: 4768: 4753: 4749: 4739: 4737: 4726: 4722: 4705: 4704: 4700: 4690: 4688: 4679: 4678: 4674: 4664: 4662: 4649: 4648: 4644: 4634: 4632: 4623: 4622: 4618: 4608: 4606: 4599: 4583: 4579: 4569: 4567: 4560: 4544: 4540: 4530: 4528: 4519: 4518: 4514: 4504: 4502: 4493: 4492: 4488: 4478: 4476: 4467: 4466: 4462: 4449: 4448: 4444: 4434: 4432: 4423: 4422: 4418: 4408: 4406: 4397: 4396: 4392: 4382: 4380: 4379:. Bluetooth SIG 4375: 4374: 4370: 4363: 4349: 4345: 4335: 4333: 4324: 4323: 4319: 4296: 4292: 4237: 4233: 4223: 4221: 4216: 4215: 4211: 4201: 4199: 4186: 4185: 4181: 4171: 4169: 4160: 4159: 4152: 4139: 4138: 4134: 4121: 4120: 4116: 4106: 4104: 4091: 4090: 4086: 4076: 4074: 4070: 4063: 4059: 4058: 4054: 4044: 4042: 4035:Veckans affärer 4029: 4028: 4024: 4014: 4012: 3999: 3998: 3994: 3984: 3982: 3978: 3971: 3967: 3966: 3959: 3949: 3947: 3940:Information Age 3936:"The Bluetooth" 3934: 3933: 3929: 3919: 3917: 3902: 3898: 3885: 3883: 3874: 3873: 3869: 3859: 3857: 3848: 3847: 3843: 3830: 3829: 3825: 3815: 3813: 3800: 3799: 3795: 3785: 3783: 3778:. kardach.com. 3772: 3768: 3761: 3739: 3735: 3725: 3723: 3708: 3704: 3694: 3692: 3683: 3682: 3678: 3668: 3666: 3656: 3652: 3642: 3640: 3633: 3629: 3619: 3617: 3608: 3607: 3603: 3593: 3591: 3582: 3581: 3577: 3567: 3565: 3558: 3542: 3538: 3528: 3526: 3517: 3516: 3509: 3499: 3497: 3496:on 13 June 2015 3484: 3483: 3479: 3474: 3469: 3468: 3463: 3459: 3454: 3449: 3371:Headset (audio) 3315:Bluetooth stack 3305: 3292: 3283: 3275: 3267: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3228: 3212: 3208: 3205:radio frequency 3201: 3195: 3193:Health concerns 3182: 3161: 3145: 3117: 3096: 3070:In April 2005, 3041: 2999: 2994: 2977: 2971: 2926:confidentiality 2922: 2916: 2911: 2875: 2766: 2719: 2695: 2690: 2639: 2619: 2568: 2554: 2549: 2529: 2517: 2501: 2478: 2454: 2400: 2392: 2382:Authentication. 2363: 2342: 2336: 2298: 2286: 2281: 2276: 2245: 2219: 2189: 2140: 2060: 2008: 1969: 1954:Bluetooth Smart 1916: 1869: 1749: 1743: 1697: 1631: 1609: 1573: 1569: 1562: 1507: 1482: 1469: 1409: 1342: 1318: 1316:Bluetooth stack 1312: 1284: 1265: 1257:network address 1220: 1201:FM transmitters 1111:was often used. 977: 942: 936: 905: 901: 897: 895: 891: 887: 883: 881: 877: 868: 864: 793: 772: 747: 731: 727: 720: 707:Bluetooth is a 694: 679: 660: 655:(AFH) enabled. 648: 644: 636: 628: 624: 619:GHz, including 616: 612: 609: 512: 505: 500: 493: 482:Ericsson Mobile 474: 463: 457: 454: 411: 409: 399: 387: 368: 338:Younger Futhark 249: 201: 194: 141: 132: 123: 109:Gaming consoles 73: 71: 68: 67:7 May 1998 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11445: 11435: 11434: 11429: 11424: 11419: 11414: 11409: 11392: 11391: 11389: 11388: 11378: 11368: 11358: 11345: 11342: 11341: 11339: 11338: 11331: 11326: 11321: 11316: 11311: 11310: 11309: 11304: 11296: 11290: 11288: 11284: 11283: 11281: 11280: 11275: 11270: 11265: 11260: 11255: 11250: 11245: 11240: 11235: 11229: 11227: 11221: 11220: 11218: 11217: 11212: 11207: 11202: 11197: 11192: 11187: 11182: 11177: 11172: 11167: 11162: 11157: 11151: 11149: 11143: 11142: 11140: 11139: 11134: 11129: 11124: 11119: 11113: 11111: 11107: 11106: 11104: 11103: 11098: 11093: 11088: 11083: 11078: 11076:Space-division 11072: 11070: 11064: 11063: 11061: 11060: 11055: 11054: 11053: 11048: 11038: 11037: 11036: 11026: 11021: 11015: 11013: 11005: 11004: 11002: 11001: 11000: 10999: 10989: 10988: 10987: 10977: 10972: 10967: 10966: 10965: 10955: 10949: 10947: 10939: 10938: 10936: 10935: 10930: 10925: 10920: 10915: 10913:Camille Tissot 10910: 10905: 10900: 10895: 10890: 10888:Claude Shannon 10885: 10880: 10878:Tivadar Puskás 10875: 10870: 10865: 10860: 10855: 10850: 10848:Antonio Meucci 10845: 10840: 10835: 10830: 10825: 10820: 10818:Charles K. Kao 10815: 10810: 10805: 10800: 10795: 10793:Harold Hopkins 10790: 10785: 10780: 10775: 10770: 10765: 10760: 10755: 10750: 10745: 10740: 10735: 10730: 10725: 10720: 10715: 10710: 10705: 10700: 10695: 10693:Emile Berliner 10690: 10685: 10680: 10675: 10670: 10665: 10660: 10654: 10652: 10648: 10647: 10645: 10644: 10639: 10634: 10632:Videotelephony 10629: 10624: 10623: 10622: 10617: 10607: 10600: 10595: 10589: 10584: 10579: 10574: 10569: 10568: 10567: 10562: 10557: 10547: 10546: 10545: 10535: 10530: 10528:Radiotelephone 10525: 10520: 10515: 10510: 10505: 10500: 10495: 10494: 10493: 10483: 10478: 10473: 10468: 10463: 10458: 10453: 10448: 10443: 10438: 10433: 10432: 10431: 10426: 10421: 10416: 10414:Internet video 10406: 10405: 10404: 10399: 10394: 10389: 10379: 10374: 10369: 10364: 10359: 10354: 10348: 10346: 10340: 10339: 10332: 10331: 10324: 10317: 10309: 10300: 10299: 10297: 10296: 10291: 10286: 10280: 10277: 10276: 10274: 10273: 10268: 10263: 10258: 10253: 10248: 10243: 10237: 10235: 10231: 10230: 10228: 10227: 10222: 10217: 10212: 10207: 10201: 10199: 10195: 10194: 10191: 10190: 10188: 10187: 10182: 10177: 10172: 10167: 10162: 10157: 10152: 10147: 10142: 10137: 10132: 10122: 10117: 10112: 10101: 10099: 10093: 10092: 10090: 10089: 10077: 10074: 10071: 10068: 10065: 10053: 10050: 10047: 10042: 10039: 10036: 10031: 10019: 10016: 10013: 10008: 10003: 9998: 9993: 9990: 9980: 9968: 9965: 9960: 9955: 9950: 9945: 9940: 9935: 9930: 9925: 9913: 9908: 9903: 9898: 9893: 9888: 9883: 9878: 9873: 9868: 9863: 9858: 9853: 9847: 9845: 9833: 9832: 9830: 9829: 9824: 9819: 9814: 9809: 9804: 9799: 9794: 9789: 9784: 9779: 9774: 9769: 9764: 9759: 9754: 9749: 9744: 9739: 9734: 9729: 9724: 9719: 9714: 9709: 9704: 9699: 9694: 9689: 9684: 9677: 9672: 9667: 9662: 9657: 9650: 9645: 9640: 9635: 9630: 9623: 9618: 9613: 9608: 9603: 9598: 9593: 9588: 9583: 9578: 9573: 9568: 9563: 9558: 9553: 9547: 9545: 9533: 9532: 9530: 9529: 9524: 9514: 9509: 9504: 9499: 9494: 9489: 9484: 9479: 9474: 9469: 9464: 9459: 9454: 9449: 9444: 9439: 9434: 9429: 9423: 9421: 9415: 9414: 9412: 9411: 9406: 9401: 9396: 9391: 9386: 9381: 9380: 9379: 9369: 9364: 9359: 9354: 9349: 9344: 9339: 9334: 9329: 9324: 9318: 9316: 9307: 9301: 9300: 9298: 9297: 9292: 9287: 9282: 9277: 9272: 9267: 9262: 9257: 9252: 9247: 9242: 9237: 9232: 9227: 9222: 9217: 9212: 9207: 9202: 9197: 9192: 9187: 9182: 9177: 9172: 9167: 9162: 9157: 9152: 9147: 9142: 9137: 9132: 9127: 9122: 9117: 9112: 9107: 9102: 9097: 9092: 9087: 9082: 9077: 9072: 9067: 9062: 9057: 9052: 9047: 9042: 9037: 9032: 9031: 9030: 9020: 9015: 9010: 9004: 9002: 8998: 8997: 8994:IEEE standards 8990: 8989: 8982: 8975: 8967: 8958: 8957: 8955: 8954: 8949: 8944: 8939: 8934: 8930: 8927: 8926: 8924: 8923: 8918: 8913: 8908: 8902: 8897: 8892: 8886: 8884: 8883:Major concepts 8880: 8879: 8877: 8876: 8871: 8866: 8863: 8857: 8851: 8845: 8839: 8838: 8829: 8824: 8819: 8814: 8809: 8802: 8800: 8796: 8795: 8793: 8792: 8787: 8782: 8777: 8772: 8767: 8761: 8759: 8752: 8751: 8749: 8748: 8742: 8736: 8730: 8723: 8721: 8714: 8713: 8711: 8710: 8705: 8703:Commercial use 8700: 8695: 8691: 8690: 8685: 8679: 8677: 8673: 8672: 8664: 8663: 8656: 8649: 8641: 8632: 8631: 8629: 8628: 8627: 8626: 8616: 8611: 8606: 8601: 8596: 8591: 8586: 8581: 8576: 8571: 8566: 8560: 8558: 8554: 8553: 8551: 8550: 8544: 8542: 8536: 8535: 8533: 8532: 8527: 8522: 8516: 8514: 8508: 8507: 8505: 8504: 8503: 8502: 8492: 8487: 8482: 8477: 8472: 8467: 8462: 8457: 8452: 8447: 8442: 8437: 8432: 8427: 8421: 8419: 8415: 8414: 8407: 8406: 8399: 8392: 8384: 8378: 8377: 8371:Specifications 8368: 8357: 8356:External links 8354: 8351: 8350: 8320: 8295: 8269: 8232: 8205: 8198: 8175: 8154: 8133: 8111: 8088: 8058: 8031: 8001: 7966: 7936: 7906: 7876: 7839: 7807: 7777: 7750: 7720: 7694: 7661: 7650:on 17 May 2008 7635: 7609: 7583: 7552: 7526: 7500: 7494:10.1.1.23.7357 7479: 7454: 7427: 7394: 7361: 7328: 7321: 7300: 7281: 7261: 7228: 7202: 7176: 7139: 7102: 7076: 7050: 7039:. Ars Technica 7027: 6997: 6966: 6928: 6891: 6861: 6840:(PDF download) 6828: 6802: 6776: 6746: 6720: 6693: 6663: 6633: 6603: 6585: 6559: 6533: 6507: 6481: 6455: 6429: 6403: 6377: 6351: 6333: 6308: 6282: 6256: 6230: 6198: 6162: 6147:. 4 May 2009. 6132: 6102: 6076: 6050: 6024: 5998: 5972: 5945: 5919: 5893: 5861: 5829: 5798: 5791: 5765: 5735: 5728: 5702: 5672: 5640: 5610: 5599:on 25 May 2018 5584: 5553: 5519: 5501: 5466: 5430: 5392: 5379:"bluetooth(4)" 5370: 5335: 5326:"ng_bluetooth" 5317: 5282: 5256: 5230: 5204: 5178: 5148: 5111: 5079: 5053: 5024: 4998: 4967: 4944: 4914: 4888: 4856: 4830: 4804: 4778: 4747: 4734:telefonino.net 4720: 4698: 4672: 4661:on 3 June 2016 4655:techpayout.com 4642: 4616: 4597: 4577: 4558: 4538: 4512: 4486: 4460: 4442: 4416: 4390: 4368: 4361: 4343: 4317: 4290: 4231: 4209: 4179: 4150: 4132: 4114: 4103:on 17 May 2019 4084: 4052: 4022: 3992: 3957: 3927: 3896: 3867: 3841: 3823: 3793: 3774:Kardach, Jim. 3766: 3759: 3733: 3702: 3676: 3650: 3627: 3601: 3575: 3556: 3536: 3507: 3476: 3475: 3473: 3470: 3467: 3466: 3456: 3455: 3453: 3450: 3448: 3447: 3434: 3429: 3424: 3419: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3383: 3378: 3373: 3368: 3363: 3358: 3353: 3335: 3329: 3324: 3318: 3312: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3291: 3290:Award programs 3288: 3197:Main article: 3194: 3191: 3181: 3178: 3160: 3157: 3144: 3141: 3116: 3113: 3100:Secure Network 3095: 3092: 3088:Cambridgeshire 3061:Secure Digital 3040: 3037: 3027:technology or 2998: 2995: 2993: 2990: 2973:Main article: 2970: 2967: 2930:authentication 2915: 2912: 2910: 2907: 2902: 2901: 2898: 2895: 2888: 2887: 2874: 2871: 2870: 2869: 2866: 2859: 2856: 2849: 2848: 2847: 2846: 2836: 2830: 2824: 2804: 2803: 2802: 2796: 2790: 2773:Legacy pairing 2765: 2762: 2718: 2717:Implementation 2715: 2694: 2691: 2689: 2686: 2660: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2650: 2638: 2635: 2618: 2615: 2614: 2613: 2610: 2604: 2601: 2595: 2592: 2586: 2579: 2567: 2564: 2548: 2545: 2528: 2525: 2516: 2513: 2500: 2497: 2477: 2474: 2453: 2450: 2442: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2432: 2399: 2396: 2391: 2388: 2387: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2377: 2374: 2371: 2362: 2359: 2338:Main article: 2335: 2332: 2297: 2294: 2285: 2282: 2280: 2277: 2275: 2272: 2271: 2270: 2267: 2264: 2258: 2255: 2252: 2244: 2241: 2240: 2239: 2236: 2229: 2226: 2218: 2215: 2214: 2213: 2206: 2205: 2202: 2199: 2196: 2188: 2185: 2184: 2183: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2139: 2136: 2135: 2134: 2127: 2126: 2120: 2113: 2112: 2109: 2108: 2107: 2104: 2101: 2098: 2091: 2088: 2085: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2059: 2056: 2055: 2054: 2047: 2046: 2039: 2038: 2035: 2032: 2029: 2026: 2020: 1968: 1965: 1961: 1960: 1946: 1940: 1915: 1912: 1908: 1907: 1904: 1901: 1898: 1895: 1892: 1889: 1886: 1883: 1880: 1868: 1865: 1844: 1843: 1823: 1745:Main article: 1742: 1739: 1712:Ultra-wideband 1696: 1695:Ultra-wideband 1693: 1692: 1691: 1687: 1684: 1680: 1677: 1665: 1662: 1658: 1657:Enhanced modes 1630: 1627: 1608: 1605: 1561: 1558: 1557: 1556: 1550: 1544: 1535: 1531: 1528: 1514: 1506: 1503: 1502: 1501: 1495: 1492: 1489: 1481: 1478: 1477: 1476: 1473: 1468: 1465: 1464: 1463: 1456: 1453: 1450: 1408: 1405: 1311: 1308: 1264: 1261: 1219: 1216: 1215: 1214: 1209:Connection of 1207: 1204: 1197: 1187: 1179: 1173: 1166: 1155: 1152: 1129: 1122: 1119: 1112: 1105: 1094: 1083: 1072: 1057: 1054: 1051: 1044: 1033: 1026: 1019: 1012: 976: 973: 968: 967: 960: 953: 938:Main article: 935: 932: 913: 912: 873: 872: 860: 859: 856: 853: 849: 848: 845: 842: 838: 837: 834: 831: 827: 826: 823: 820: 816: 815: 810: 806: 805: 802: 792: 789: 771: 768: 746: 743: 608: 607:Implementation 605: 476: 475: 390: 388: 381: 367: 364: 319:). It was the 262:The Long Ships 248: 245: 243:capabilities. 151: 150: 139: 135: 134: 129: 128:Physical range 125: 124: 122: 121: 116: 111: 106: 101: 95: 93: 89: 88: 83: 79: 78: 65: 61: 60: 55: 51: 50: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11444: 11433: 11430: 11428: 11425: 11423: 11420: 11418: 11415: 11413: 11410: 11408: 11405: 11404: 11402: 11387: 11379: 11377: 11369: 11367: 11359: 11357: 11347: 11346: 11343: 11336: 11332: 11330: 11327: 11325: 11322: 11320: 11317: 11315: 11312: 11308: 11305: 11303: 11300: 11299: 11297: 11295: 11292: 11291: 11289: 11285: 11279: 11276: 11274: 11271: 11269: 11266: 11264: 11261: 11259: 11256: 11254: 11251: 11249: 11246: 11244: 11241: 11239: 11236: 11234: 11231: 11230: 11228: 11226: 11222: 11216: 11213: 11211: 11208: 11206: 11203: 11201: 11198: 11196: 11193: 11191: 11188: 11186: 11183: 11181: 11178: 11176: 11173: 11171: 11168: 11166: 11163: 11161: 11158: 11156: 11153: 11152: 11150: 11148: 11144: 11138: 11135: 11133: 11130: 11128: 11125: 11123: 11120: 11118: 11115: 11114: 11112: 11108: 11102: 11101:Code-division 11099: 11097: 11094: 11092: 11089: 11087: 11086:Time-division 11084: 11082: 11079: 11077: 11074: 11073: 11071: 11069: 11065: 11059: 11056: 11052: 11049: 11047: 11044: 11043: 11042: 11039: 11035: 11032: 11031: 11030: 11027: 11025: 11022: 11020: 11017: 11016: 11014: 11012:and switching 11010: 11006: 10998: 10995: 10994: 10993: 10990: 10986: 10983: 10982: 10981: 10978: 10976: 10973: 10971: 10968: 10964: 10963:optical fiber 10961: 10960: 10959: 10956: 10954: 10953:Coaxial cable 10951: 10950: 10948: 10946: 10940: 10934: 10931: 10929: 10926: 10924: 10921: 10919: 10916: 10914: 10911: 10909: 10906: 10904: 10901: 10899: 10896: 10894: 10891: 10889: 10886: 10884: 10881: 10879: 10876: 10874: 10871: 10869: 10868:Radia Perlman 10866: 10864: 10861: 10859: 10856: 10854: 10851: 10849: 10846: 10844: 10841: 10839: 10836: 10834: 10831: 10829: 10826: 10824: 10821: 10819: 10816: 10814: 10811: 10809: 10806: 10804: 10801: 10799: 10796: 10794: 10791: 10789: 10786: 10784: 10781: 10779: 10776: 10774: 10771: 10769: 10766: 10764: 10761: 10759: 10758:Lee de Forest 10756: 10754: 10753:Thomas Edison 10751: 10749: 10746: 10744: 10743:Donald Davies 10741: 10739: 10736: 10734: 10731: 10729: 10728:Claude Chappe 10726: 10724: 10721: 10719: 10716: 10714: 10711: 10709: 10706: 10704: 10701: 10699: 10696: 10694: 10691: 10689: 10686: 10684: 10681: 10679: 10676: 10674: 10671: 10669: 10666: 10664: 10661: 10659: 10656: 10655: 10653: 10649: 10643: 10640: 10638: 10635: 10633: 10630: 10628: 10625: 10621: 10618: 10616: 10613: 10612: 10611: 10608: 10606: 10605: 10601: 10599: 10596: 10593: 10590: 10588: 10585: 10583: 10580: 10578: 10575: 10573: 10572:Smoke signals 10570: 10566: 10563: 10561: 10558: 10556: 10553: 10552: 10551: 10550:Semiconductor 10548: 10544: 10541: 10540: 10539: 10536: 10534: 10531: 10529: 10526: 10524: 10521: 10519: 10516: 10514: 10511: 10509: 10506: 10504: 10501: 10499: 10496: 10492: 10489: 10488: 10487: 10484: 10482: 10479: 10477: 10474: 10472: 10469: 10467: 10464: 10462: 10459: 10457: 10454: 10452: 10449: 10447: 10444: 10442: 10439: 10437: 10434: 10430: 10427: 10425: 10422: 10420: 10417: 10415: 10412: 10411: 10410: 10409:Digital media 10407: 10403: 10400: 10398: 10395: 10393: 10390: 10388: 10385: 10384: 10383: 10380: 10378: 10375: 10373: 10370: 10368: 10365: 10363: 10360: 10358: 10355: 10353: 10350: 10349: 10347: 10345: 10341: 10337: 10330: 10325: 10323: 10318: 10316: 10311: 10310: 10307: 10295: 10292: 10290: 10287: 10285: 10282: 10281: 10278: 10272: 10269: 10267: 10264: 10262: 10259: 10257: 10254: 10252: 10249: 10247: 10244: 10242: 10239: 10238: 10236: 10232: 10226: 10223: 10221: 10218: 10216: 10213: 10211: 10208: 10206: 10203: 10202: 10200: 10196: 10186: 10183: 10181: 10178: 10176: 10173: 10171: 10168: 10166: 10163: 10161: 10158: 10156: 10153: 10151: 10148: 10146: 10143: 10141: 10138: 10136: 10133: 10130: 10126: 10123: 10121: 10118: 10116: 10113: 10110: 10106: 10103: 10102: 10100: 10098: 10094: 10087: 10083: 10082: 10078: 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Network 8804: 8803: 8801: 8797: 8791: 8788: 8786: 8783: 8781: 8778: 8776: 8773: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8763: 8762: 8760: 8758: 8753: 8746: 8743: 8740: 8737: 8734: 8731: 8728: 8725: 8724: 8722: 8720: 8715: 8709: 8706: 8704: 8701: 8699: 8696: 8693: 8692: 8689: 8686: 8684: 8681: 8680: 8678: 8676:Main articles 8674: 8669: 8662: 8657: 8655: 8650: 8648: 8643: 8642: 8639: 8625: 8622: 8621: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8607: 8605: 8602: 8600: 8597: 8595: 8592: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8580: 8577: 8575: 8572: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8562: 8561: 8559: 8555: 8549: 8546: 8545: 8543: 8541: 8537: 8531: 8528: 8526: 8523: 8521: 8518: 8517: 8515: 8513: 8509: 8501: 8498: 8497: 8496: 8493: 8491: 8488: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8471: 8468: 8466: 8463: 8461: 8458: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8423: 8422: 8420: 8416: 8412: 8405: 8400: 8398: 8393: 8391: 8386: 8385: 8382: 8376: 8375:Bluetooth SIG 8372: 8369: 8365: 8360: 8359: 8338: 8334: 8333:bluetooth.org 8330: 8324: 8309: 8308:Bluetooth.com 8305: 8299: 8283: 8279: 8273: 8254: 8250: 8243: 8236: 8220: 8216: 8209: 8201: 8195: 8191: 8187: 8179: 8164: 8158: 8143: 8137: 8118: 8114: 8112:9781939133069 8108: 8101: 8100: 8092: 8076: 8072: 8068: 8062: 8046: 8042: 8038: 8034: 8028: 8024: 8020: 8016: 8012: 8005: 7989: 7985: 7981: 7977: 7973: 7969: 7963: 7959: 7955: 7951: 7947: 7940: 7924: 7920: 7916: 7910: 7894: 7890: 7886: 7880: 7861: 7857: 7850: 7843: 7824: 7817: 7811: 7795: 7791: 7787: 7781: 7765: 7761: 7754: 7738: 7734: 7730: 7724: 7708: 7704: 7698: 7679: 7672: 7665: 7649: 7645: 7639: 7623: 7619: 7613: 7597: 7593: 7587: 7571: 7567: 7563: 7556: 7540: 7536: 7530: 7514: 7510: 7504: 7495: 7490: 7483: 7468: 7464: 7458: 7442: 7438: 7431: 7412: 7405: 7398: 7379: 7372: 7365: 7346: 7339: 7332: 7324: 7322:9788132231561 7318: 7314: 7307: 7305: 7288: 7284: 7282:9783319475974 7278: 7274: 7273: 7265: 7249: 7245: 7244: 7239: 7232: 7216: 7212: 7206: 7190: 7186: 7180: 7161: 7157: 7156:bluetooth.com 7150: 7143: 7124: 7120: 7119:bluetooth.com 7113: 7106: 7091: 7087: 7080: 7065: 7061: 7054: 7038: 7031: 7015: 7011: 7007: 7001: 6985: 6981: 6980:macrumors.com 6977: 6970: 6954: 6950: 6946: 6942: 6938: 6932: 6913: 6909: 6908:bluetooth.com 6902: 6895: 6879: 6878:bluetooth.com 6872: 6865: 6849: 6845: 6844:bluetooth.org 6838: 6832: 6816: 6812: 6806: 6790: 6786: 6780: 6764: 6760: 6759:bluetooth.com 6756: 6750: 6734: 6730: 6724: 6708: 6704: 6697: 6681: 6677: 6673: 6667: 6651: 6647: 6643: 6637: 6621: 6620:bluetooth.com 6614: 6607: 6599: 6595: 6589: 6573: 6569: 6563: 6547: 6546:bluetooth.com 6543: 6537: 6521: 6517: 6511: 6495: 6491: 6485: 6469: 6465: 6459: 6443: 6439: 6433: 6417: 6413: 6407: 6391: 6387: 6381: 6365: 6361: 6355: 6347: 6343: 6337: 6322: 6318: 6312: 6296: 6292: 6286: 6270: 6266: 6260: 6244: 6240: 6234: 6215: 6208: 6202: 6183: 6179: 6172: 6166: 6150: 6146: 6142: 6136: 6120: 6116: 6112: 6106: 6090: 6086: 6080: 6064: 6060: 6054: 6038: 6034: 6028: 6012: 6008: 6007:"Wimedia.org" 6002: 5986: 5982: 5981:"Wimedia.org" 5976: 5960: 5956: 5949: 5933: 5929: 5923: 5907: 5903: 5897: 5878: 5871: 5865: 5846: 5839: 5833: 5817: 5813: 5807: 5805: 5803: 5794: 5788: 5784: 5780: 5776: 5769: 5753: 5749: 5742: 5740: 5731: 5725: 5721: 5717: 5713: 5706: 5690: 5686: 5682: 5676: 5657: 5650: 5644: 5628: 5624: 5623:Bluetooth.org 5620: 5614: 5598: 5594: 5593:"Our History" 5588: 5572: 5568: 5567:DragonFly BSD 5564: 5557: 5541: 5537: 5536:DragonFly BSD 5533: 5529: 5523: 5515: 5511: 5505: 5489: 5485: 5484:DragonFly BSD 5481: 5477: 5470: 5463: 5451: 5447: 5446: 5441: 5434: 5427: 5415: 5411: 5407: 5403: 5396: 5388: 5384: 5380: 5374: 5358: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5339: 5331: 5327: 5321: 5305: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5286: 5270: 5266: 5260: 5244: 5240: 5234: 5218: 5214: 5208: 5192: 5188: 5182: 5166: 5162: 5158: 5152: 5136: 5132: 5122: 5120: 5118: 5116: 5096: 5089: 5083: 5067: 5063: 5057: 5041: 5037: 5031: 5029: 5012: 5008: 5002: 4986: 4982: 4978: 4971: 4963: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4918: 4902: 4898: 4892: 4873: 4866: 4860: 4844: 4840: 4834: 4818: 4814: 4808: 4792: 4788: 4782: 4766: 4762: 4761:howstuffworks 4758: 4751: 4735: 4731: 4724: 4716: 4712: 4708: 4702: 4686: 4682: 4676: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4646: 4630: 4626: 4620: 4604: 4600: 4594: 4590: 4589: 4581: 4565: 4561: 4555: 4551: 4550: 4542: 4526: 4522: 4516: 4500: 4496: 4490: 4474: 4470: 4464: 4456: 4452: 4446: 4430: 4426: 4420: 4404: 4400: 4394: 4378: 4372: 4364: 4362:9780979387364 4358: 4354: 4347: 4331: 4327: 4321: 4313: 4309: 4306:: 2832–2837. 4305: 4301: 4294: 4285: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4235: 4219: 4213: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4183: 4167: 4163: 4157: 4155: 4146: 4142: 4136: 4128: 4124: 4118: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4088: 4069: 4062: 4056: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4026: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3996: 3977: 3970: 3964: 3962: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3931: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3900: 3893: 3881: 3877: 3871: 3855: 3851: 3845: 3837: 3833: 3827: 3811: 3807: 3803: 3797: 3781: 3777: 3770: 3762: 3760:9781848313071 3756: 3752: 3747: 3746: 3737: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3706: 3690: 3686: 3680: 3665: 3661: 3654: 3638: 3631: 3615: 3611: 3605: 3589: 3585: 3579: 3563: 3559: 3557:9780071429139 3553: 3549: 3548: 3540: 3524: 3520: 3514: 3512: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3481: 3477: 3461: 3457: 3446: 3445:IEEE 802.15.4 3442: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3376:Wi-Fi hotspot 3374: 3372: 3369: 3367: 3364: 3362: 3359: 3357: 3354: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3336: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3322: 3319: 3316: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3307: 3300: 3296: 3287: 3281: 3273: 3265: 3261: 3233: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3206: 3200: 3190: 3187: 3177: 3175: 3170: 3166: 3156: 3152: 3150: 3140: 3138: 3134: 3131:, and Google 3130: 3126: 3122: 3112: 3108: 3105: 3101: 3091: 3089: 3084: 3080: 3077: 3073: 3068: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3036: 3034: 3030: 3025: 3024:Kaspersky Lab 3021: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3004: 2989: 2986: 2983:Some form of 2981: 2976: 2966: 2964: 2959: 2957: 2952: 2949: 2946: 2942: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2921: 2906: 2899: 2896: 2893: 2892: 2891: 2885: 2884: 2883: 2881: 2867: 2864: 2860: 2857: 2854: 2853: 2852: 2844: 2840: 2837: 2834: 2833:Passkey Entry 2831: 2828: 2825: 2822: 2819: 2818: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2805: 2800: 2797: 2794: 2791: 2788: 2784: 2781: 2780: 2778: 2774: 2771: 2770: 2769: 2761: 2757: 2755: 2754:eavesdropping 2751: 2747: 2743: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2723:shared secret 2714: 2710: 2708: 2704: 2699: 2685: 2683: 2681: 2677: 2671: 2669: 2664: 2657: 2654: 2651: 2648: 2647: 2646: 2644: 2634: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2611: 2608: 2605: 2602: 2599: 2596: 2593: 2590: 2587: 2584: 2580: 2577: 2574: 2573: 2572: 2563: 2560: 2558: 2544: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2524: 2522: 2512: 2510: 2506: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2486: 2482: 2473: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2449: 2446: 2439: 2436: 2433: 2430: 2429: 2428: 2425: 2423: 2418: 2416: 2412: 2407: 2405: 2395: 2384: 2381: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2369: 2368: 2367: 2358: 2356: 2346: 2341: 2331: 2329: 2325: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2311: 2306: 2304: 2293: 2289: 2268: 2265: 2259: 2256: 2253: 2250: 2249: 2248: 2243:Bluetooth 6.0 2237: 2230: 2227: 2224: 2223: 2222: 2217:Bluetooth 5.4 2211: 2210: 2209: 2203: 2200: 2197: 2194: 2193: 2192: 2187:Bluetooth 5.3 2181: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2164:Bluetooth SIG 2161: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2144: 2143: 2138:Bluetooth 5.2 2132: 2131: 2130: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2117: 2116: 2110: 2105: 2102: 2099: 2092: 2089: 2086: 2083: 2082: 2080: 2077: 2074: 2071: 2068: 2067: 2066: 2063: 2058:Bluetooth 5.1 2052: 2051: 2050: 2044: 2043: 2042: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2028:LE Long Range 2027: 2021: 2018: 2017: 2016: 2013: 2006: 2001: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1987:, 8 Plus and 1986: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1964: 1958: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1938: 1934: 1931: 1928: 1927: 1926: 1923: 1921: 1914:Bluetooth 4.2 1911: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1893: 1890: 1887: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1877: 1876: 1873: 1867:Bluetooth 4.1 1864: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1848: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1824: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1800: 1799: 1793: 1789: 1784: 1782: 1781:Bluetooth ULP 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1764: 1763: 1758: 1754: 1748: 1741:Bluetooth 4.0 1738: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1723: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1704: 1702: 1688: 1685: 1681: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1663: 1659: 1656: 1653: 1652: 1651: 1648: 1639: 1637: 1626: 1624: 1619: 1617: 1612: 1604: 1602: 1597: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1567: 1566:data transfer 1551: 1549: 1545: 1543: 1539: 1536: 1532: 1529: 1526: 1522: 1520: 1515: 1512: 1511: 1510: 1505:Bluetooth 1.2 1499: 1496: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1484: 1483: 1480:Bluetooth 1.1 1474: 1471: 1470: 1461: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1447: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1436: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1404: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1393:DragonFly BSD 1390: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1346: 1338: 1334: 1332: 1327: 1323: 1317: 1307: 1305: 1300: 1298: 1294: 1281: 1274: 1269: 1260: 1258: 1252: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1229: 1224: 1212: 1208: 1205: 1202: 1198: 1195: 1191: 1188: 1185: 1184:man overboard 1180: 1177: 1174: 1171: 1167: 1164: 1161:or dedicated 1160: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1149:PlayStation 3 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1127: 1123: 1120: 1117: 1113: 1110: 1106: 1103: 1102:GPS receivers 1099: 1095: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1049: 1045: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1031: 1027: 1024: 1020: 1017: 1013: 1010: 1007: 1003: 1002: 998: 993: 986: 981: 972: 965: 961: 958: 954: 951: 947: 946: 945: 941: 931: 927: 923: 921: 911: 910:Bluetooth SIG 874: 871:1 for BR/EDR 861: 857: 854: 851: 850: 846: 843: 840: 839: 835: 832: 829: 828: 824: 821: 818: 817: 814: 811: 808: 807: 799: 788: 786: 785: 784:quasi optical 780: 777: 767: 764: 758: 756: 751: 742: 740: 735: 725: 718: 714: 710: 705: 703: 698: 692: 688: 684: 677: 673: 669: 664: 658: 654: 642: 634: 622: 604: 602: 598: 593: 591: 586: 581: 579: 573: 570: 566: 561: 559: 555: 549: 546: 542: 538: 534: 531: 526: 523: 522:Jaap Haartsen 519: 508: 496: 491: 487: 483: 472: 469: 461: 458:February 2024 450: 447: 443: 440: 436: 433: 429: 426: 422: 419: – 418: 414: 413:Find sources: 407: 403: 397: 396: 391:This article 389: 385: 380: 379: 372: 363: 361: 356: 351: 346: 342: 339: 335: 330: 324: 322: 318: 315: 311: 307: 303: 297: 293: 289: 285: 282: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 263: 258: 254: 244: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 225:IEEE 802.15.1 222: 218: 213: 211: 207: 199: 192: 188: 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 162: 157: 148: 140: 136: 130: 126: 120: 117: 115: 114:Audio devices 112: 110: 107: 105: 102: 100: 97: 96: 94: 90: 87: 84: 80: 66: 62: 59: 56: 52: 48: 43: 37: 33: 19: 18:Bluetooth 4.0 11068:Multiplexing 10943:Transmission 10908:Nikola Tesla 10898:Henry Sutton 10853:Samuel Morse 10783:Robert Hooke 10748:Amos Dolbear 10683:John Bardeen 10602: 10582:Telautograph 10486:Mobile phone 10441:Edholm's law 10424:social media 10357:Broadcasting 10283: 10108: 10079: 10055: 10021: 9970: 9915: 9679: 9652: 9625: 8911:Process gain 8826: 8756: 8718: 8540:Wireless LAN 8530:Wireless USB 8519: 8512:Wireless PAN 8341:. 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Cases. 3910:ThoughtCo 3490:bluair.pl 3443:based on 3422:Tethering 3350:Eddystone 3342:AltBeacon 3234:for Class 3149:Eli Biham 3137:BlueBorne 3076:PIN-based 2997:2001–2004 2787:fixed PIN 2750:encrypted 2609:(WAE/WAP) 2330:) chips. 2168:LC3 codec 2133:Unit keys 2125:hierarchy 2000:market." 1981:Galaxy S8 1950:version 6 1773:coin cell 1517:Adaptive 1322:Microsoft 1035:Wireless 1006:handsfree 334:bind rune 314:Old Norse 247:Etymology 191:ISM bands 168:Bluetooth 40:Bluetooth 11366:Category 11253:Internet 11243:CYCLADES 11160:Ethernet 11110:Concepts 11034:terminal 10985:wireless 10808:Bob Kahn 10651:Pioneers 10476:Internet 10367:Cable TV 10284:See also 10241:754-1985 10198:Proposed 9542:Ethernet 9028:Revision 8952:Waveform 8933:See also 8869:Qualcomm 8860:CDMA2000 8843:Cellular 8775:TD-SCDMA 8614:UMTS-TDD 8465:HomePlug 8445:Ethernet 8313:29 March 8282:Archived 8262:19 April 8117:Archived 8075:Archived 8045:Archived 8041:59248863 7988:Archived 7984:51757249 7923:Archived 7893:Archived 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