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104:. As an open helmet, it allowed good peripheral vision and unimpaired hearing. It had a domed skull surrounded by a wide, flaring, down-sloping brim. The brim came down at the rear to protect the back of the neck, projected forward over the forehead and was worked into a complex shape at the sides, with downward pointing folds affording some lateral protection to the face. A long falling plume was sometimes attached to this type of helmet. The need for unimpeded vision and good hearing was particularly acute for
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The naming conventions and typology of ancient helmets are largely of modern origin and do not reflect contemporary usage. The term "Boeotian helmet", however, is an exception since it was employed by
Xenophon and is therefore of contemporary usage. Another piece of martial equipment linked to the
148:
particularly recommended the
Boeotian helmet for cavalry, saying "...the Boeotian type . For this not only gives the greatest protection to all the parts above the cuirass, but allows free vision." This piece of advice was taken up by
111:
This type of helmet was beaten from a single sheet of bronze using a helmet-shaped "former," one of which, made of limestone, is extant. An excellently-preserved example of a
Boeotian helmet, which may have belonged to one of
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240:
186:
whose rulers often wore a variant of the helmet on coin depictions. This was a very unusual and rare practice as most
Hellenistic kings were shown wearing only the royal
256:
386:, p. 60: "Terms such as 'Illyrian' and 'Attic' are used in archaeology for convenience to denote a particular type of helmet and do not imply its origin.")
178:
This helmet continued to be used by the successors of
Alexander the Great, likely throughout the Hellenistic world, but is especially evident in the
722:
213:; however, no surviving examples have been found, and its association with the region is largely through depictions on local coinage.
205:
in 122 BC), a Roman cavalryman is depicted wearing it with the later more conical skull and furnished with a falling horsehair plume.
140:
Roman altar of
Domitius Ahenobarbus (late 2nd century BC); the soldier holding his horse at the right wears a plumed Boeotian helmet.
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wearing
Boeotian helmets. As a specialised cavalry helmet, its use was not as widespread as some other ancient helmets such as the
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128:. In the late Hellenistic period, the helmet evolved into a type with a taller, more conical skull and often a reduced brim.
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A Boeotian helmet found in the Tigris river, seen from a different angle showing damage.
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The
Boeotian helmet was modelled on the shape of a folded-down Boeotian variant of the
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wearing a crested
Boeotian helmet, decorated with bull's horn and ear; c. 171–145 BC.
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wearing a similar helmet, depicted on one of his silver coins; c. 90–70 BC.
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361:"Eucratides | King of Bactria & Greco-Bactrian Empire | Britannica"
108:, therefore this type of helmet was used primarily by mounted troops.
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408:. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
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437:
Fraser, A.D. (1922). "Xenophon and the
Boeotian Helmet".
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The helmet was also used by Roman citizen cavalry in the
153:, who equipped his cavalry with this helmet. Both the
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Marathon 490 BC: The First Persian Invasion Of Greece
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67:; it possibly originated in the Greek region of
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100:, a type of Greek sun hat, usually made of
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144:The Athenian military expert and author
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55:and Greek-influenced regions during the
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116:'s cavalrymen, was recovered from the
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16:Ancient combat helmet of Greek origin
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475:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing.
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1098:Helmet Steel Airborne Troop
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422:. London: Greenhill Books.
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1727:Culture of ancient Boeotia
1234:Czechoslovak Vz. 53 Helmet
405:Ancient Greek Horsemanship
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90:wearing a Boeotian helmet.
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163:show cavalrymen of the
63:periods, as well as in
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419:Greece and Rome at War
400:Anderson, John Kinloch
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1722:Ancient Greek helmets
1528:Boxing / Martial Arts
155:Alexander Sarcophagus
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88:Alexander Sarcophagus
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1078:M32 (Czechoslovakia)
505:at Wikimedia Commons
124:, and is now in the
86:cavalryman from the
1249:Romanian M73 helmet
1203:M1918 (Switzerland)
1123:Mk II talker helmet
1088:Stahlhelm (Germany)
643:Henry VIII's Horned
297:, pp. 147–148.
184:Indo-Greek kingdoms
151:Alexander the Great
114:Alexander the Great
1486:Lightweight Helmet
961:Lobster-tailed pot
365:www.britannica.com
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501:Media related to
482:978-0-27-598836-4
429:978-1-85367-303-0
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1143:M1940 (Portugal)
818:Late Roman ridge
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445:(3): 99–108.
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336:Anderson 1961
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1664:Heraldic use
1652:Helmet cover
1424:2001–present
1254:Mº 44 E.T.A.
1108:M42 Duperite
1006:Takula tofao
956:Lamellenhelm
854:Early Modern
852:Medieval and
823:Montefortino
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568:Benty Grange
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393:Bibliography
379:
368:. Retrieved
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283:Sekunda 2002
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232:Eucratides I
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158:
143:
118:Tigris River
110:
95:
93:
65:Ancient Rome
44:
42:
25:Tigris River
1441:BK-3 helmet
1395:Hełm wz. 93
1319:Paratrooper
1304:Modèle 1978
1299:Modèle 1951
1274:Hełm wz. 67
1269:Hełm wz. 63
1264:Hełm wz. 50
1138:Hełm wz. 31
1103:M33 (Italy)
1042:Pith helmet
1037:Pickelhaube
1025:Late Modern
1001:Spangenhelm
986:Pickelhaube
886:Cervelliere
768:Boar's tusk
628:Guisborough
593:Coțofenești
324:Fraser 1922
61:Hellenistic
1716:Categories
1575:Motorcycle
1558:Revolution
1543:Equestrian
1370:M90 (Iraq)
951:Kulah khud
911:Frog-mouth
788:Corinthian
778:Chalcidian
708:Sutton Hoo
693:Ribchester
653:Iron Gates
648:Horncastle
618:Gjermundbu
588:Coppergate
578:Canterbury
549:historical
547:Individual
370:2024-07-11
318:Xenophon.
271:References
195:Republican
169:Corinthian
106:cavalrymen
84:Thessalian
1701:Zuckerman
1657:Mitznefet
1606:Custodian
1585:Scrum cap
1553:Eyeshield
1431:A2 Helmet
1348:1980–2000
1334:Swiss M71
1217:1945–1980
1056:1914–1945
926:Hounskull
808:Kegelhelm
322:, XII.3;
57:classical
1679:Tarnhelm
1621:Hard hat
1570:Lacrosse
1509:Athletic
1481:KH-B2000
1456:ECH (US)
1284:M76 Para
1229:CABAL II
901:Enclosed
881:Burgonet
876:Bascinet
866:Aventail
843:Shmarjet
833:Phrygian
803:Imperial
798:Illyrian
773:Boeotian
728:Waterloo
723:Venetian
698:Shorwell
678:Nijmegen
673:Newstead
633:Hallaton
613:Gevninge
583:Ciumeşti
558:Agighiol
469:(2002).
416:(1998).
402:(1961).
248:Hermaeus
230:Coin of
173:Phrygian
157:and the
146:Xenophon
51:used in
1674:Mahiole
1631:Welding
1538:Cricket
1533:Bicycle
1521:Coolflo
1516:Batting
1410:SPECTRA
1339:Type 66
1032:Dragoon
996:Secrete
931:Jingasa
896:Dragoon
871:Barbute
756:Ancient
688:Pioneer
663:Meyrick
658:Lokrume
551:helmets
540:Helmets
459:3046411
320:Hippike
217:Gallery
188:diadems
175:types.
97:petasos
69:Boeotia
1696:Winged
1669:Horned
1647:Flight
1611:Diving
1580:Racing
1565:Hockey
1446:QGF-03
1380:M59/85
1329:SSh-68
1324:SSh-60
1314:OR-201
1259:M59/85
1183:SSK 90
1153:SSh-36
1128:Mk III
1068:Brodie
1063:Adrian
1016:Viking
1011:Turban
991:Sallet
981:Paseki
971:Morion
946:Kettle
941:Katapu
936:Kabuto
783:Coolus
748:Combat
683:Peretu
668:Nemiya
638:Hellvi
479:
457:
426:
203:consul
37:Oxford
1640:Other
1405:Sfera
1390:PASGT
1375:JK 96
1365:GOLFO
1355:CG634
1309:MPC-1
1289:Mk IV
976:Nasal
966:Mempo
921:Great
891:Close
861:Armet
838:Pilos
828:Negau
813:Konos
793:Galea
763:Attic
718:Veksø
713:Tjele
608:Emesa
563:Agris
455:JSTOR
1684:Pith
1599:Work
1496:Mk 7
1491:MICH
1476:IHPS
1466:6B47
1461:FAST
1294:Mk 6
1239:GK80
738:Yarm
573:Broe
477:ISBN
424:ISBN
182:and
122:Iraq
102:felt
59:and
43:The
29:Iraq
1590:Ski
1415:6B7
1385:M87
1360:M92
1279:M63
1148:RAC
1118:M1C
447:doi
201:(a
171:or
132:Use
120:in
27:in
1718::
1113:M1
453:.
441:.
363:.
71:.
35:,
532:e
525:t
518:v
485:.
461:.
449::
443:4
432:.
373:.
39:.
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