367:
355:
343:
195:
1684:
1659:
177:
415:
403:
219:
250:
427:
231:
325:
146:
391:
379:
207:
294:
117:
37:
1667:
306:
287:
275:
129:
105:
313:
165:
1719:, in addition they would invest nearly two million ducats in the supply and payment of both the army and its free company contingents. The Saxons invaded, and the Spanish army in the west prevented the Protestant Union's forces from assisting. Oñate conspired to transfer the electoral title from the Palatinate to the
1770:
were revoked. However while
Bohemia was effectively annexed by the crown, other regions would continue their revolt for several years. This would have the effect of bringing in elements of the Protestant Union which had suffered a severe blow to their credibility via their refusal to support the
1576:
Had the
Bohemian rebellion remained a local conflict, the war could have been over in fewer than thirty months. However, the death of Emperor Matthias emboldened the rebellious Protestant leaders, who had been on the verge of a settlement. The weaknesses of both Ferdinand (now officially on the
1757:
and outlawed from the Holy Roman Empire. His territories, the
Rhenish Palatinate, were given to Catholic nobles. His title of elector of the Palatinate was given to his distant cousin, Duke Maximilian of Bavaria. Frederick, now landless, made himself a prominent exile abroad and tried to curry
1638:
refused to support
Frederick, despite his wife being James' daughter. Overall, England was criticized for its inaction in the Thirty Years' War. In spite of these issues surrounding their support, the rebellion initially favoured the Bohemians. They were joined in the revolt by much of
1761:
This was a serious blow to
Protestant ambitions in the region. As the rebellion collapsed, the widespread confiscation of property and suppression of the Bohemian nobility ensured the country would return to the Catholic side after more than two centuries of
1573:. Moravia was already embroiled in a conflict between Catholics and Protestants. The religious conflict eventually spread across the whole continent of Europe, involving France, Sweden, and a number of other countries.
1771:
Bohemian revolutionaries. In addition, the changes in territory meant that previously unaligned powers would find a resurgent empire on their own borders, a circumstance that kingdoms like
Denmark found untenable.
1603:. The Bohemians hinted Frederick would become King of Bohemia if he allowed them to join the Union and come under its protection. However, similar offers were made by other members of the Bohemian Estates to the
1841:
T. Walter
Wallbank; Alastair M. Taylor; Nels M. Bailkey; George F. Jewsbury; Clyde J. Lewis; Neil J. Hackett (1992). "15. The Development of the European State System: 1300–1650". In Bruce Borland (ed.).
1393:
1615:. The Austrians, who seemed to have intercepted every letter leaving Prague, made these duplicities public. This unraveled much of the support for the Bohemians, particularly in the court of
1577:
Bohemian throne after the death of
Emperor Matthias) and of the Bohemians themselves led to the spread of the war to western Germany. Ferdinand was compelled to call on his cousin, King
627:
788:
861:
1541:
in May 1618. Ferdinand had wanted them to administer the government in his absence. On 23 May, an assembly of
Protestants seized them and threw them (and also secretary
900:
813:
803:
798:
1156:
1062:
463:
925:
518:
960:
1144:
878:
1052:
930:
1735:
1072:
371:
1331:
1132:
866:
644:
1708:
982:
793:
1545:) out of the palace window, which was some 17 metres (56 ft) off the ground. Remarkably, although injured, they survived. This event, known as the
1589:", extended from the Mediterranean to Brussels. To this end they invested an enormous sum of treasure in the hiring of free companies and mercenaries.
1193:
1022:
992:
632:
890:
709:
1746:, on 8 November 1620. In addition to becoming almost entirely Catholic, Bohemia would remain in Habsburg hands for nearly three hundred years.
456:
150:
1843:
1766:
and other religious dissent. The elective monarchy was abolished in favour of hereditary succession and the privileges granted by the
1161:
1946:
1324:
449:
1482:
sought to assure an orderly transition during his lifetime by having his dynastic heir (the fiercely
Catholic Archduke Ferdinand of
1518:). However, other Protestants supported the stance taken by the Catholics, and in 1617, Ferdinand was duly elected by the Bohemian
1738:
pacified Lower Austria. The two armies united and moved north into Bohemia. Ferdinand II decisively defeated Frederick V at the
1956:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1298:
1951:
1317:
1137:
1498:. Some of the Protestant leaders of Bohemia feared they would be losing the religious rights granted to them by Emperor
1662:
The window (second floor) where the Second Defenestration occurred. Note the monument to the right of the castle tower.
561:
1853:
1604:
1463:
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1936:
1931:
1720:
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431:
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359:
1727:
818:
723:
1534:
1149:
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254:
42:
1941:
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109:
65:
1911:
1906:
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1840:
1546:
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523:
223:
1241:
1205:
1183:
1178:
856:
685:
670:
528:
1624:
1570:
1549:, started the Bohemian Revolt. Soon afterward, the Bohemian conflict spread through all of the
1530:
1266:
1198:
1117:
955:
637:
546:
1027:
1271:
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566:
1592:
The Bohemians, desperate for allies against King Ferdinand, applied to be admitted into the
1097:
1017:
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1712:
1616:
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69:
28:
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8:
1785:
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1470:, including the Czech lands, which were particularly stricken by its violent atrocities.
1451:
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383:
1102:
576:
1871:
1780:
1683:
1635:
1620:
1558:
1554:
1491:
1427:. It was caused by both religious and power disputes. The estates were almost entirely
1413:
1087:
1007:
987:
758:
317:
181:
773:
1849:
1767:
1734:
in its ranks as an observer) pacified Upper Austria, while Imperial forces under the
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1503:
1360:
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728:
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342:
199:
194:
73:
1731:
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1522:
to become the crown prince, and automatically upon the death of Matthias, the next
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1439:
1420:
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1107:
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395:
1612:
1542:
1523:
1397:
1355:
1226:
1002:
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851:
498:
329:
1466:
into it. The conflict spread to the rest of Europe and devastated vast areas of
1700:
1631:
1467:
1459:
1405:
1188:
748:
211:
169:
1890:
1644:
1640:
1566:
1562:
1538:
441:
137:
133:
1790:
1754:
1666:
1586:
324:
145:
36:
1707:
to support King Ferdinand. In addition, the Spanish ambassador to Vienna,
1596:, which was led by their original candidate for the Bohemian throne, the
1455:
1443:
1753:
and the loss of Frederick V's holdings. Frederick was placed under the
1428:
1597:
1581:, for assistance. The Spanish Crown had interests in maintaining the
1432:
1619:. As a result, Ferdinand had no difficulty in securing election as
1458:, but also expanded the scope of the Thirty Years' War by drawing
1309:
1763:
1716:
1435:
305:
286:
274:
128:
104:
1758:
support for his cause in Sweden, the Netherlands, and Denmark.
1743:
1652:
1483:
615:
Transylvanian invasions of Hungary (1619–1621, 1623–1624, 1626)
1723:
in exchange for his support and that of the Catholic League.
1450:, where the estates suffered a decisive defeat. This started
390:
378:
312:
206:
164:
1446:. The dispute culminated after several battles in the final
16:
Revolt of Bohemian estates against the Habsburgs (1618–1620)
1715:
to intervene against Bohemia in exchange for control over
1643:, whose nobility was then chiefly Lutheran and Calvinist.
1529:
The king-elect then sent two Catholic councillors (
1820:"The Defenestration of Prague « Criticality"
1888:
1585:as a stable ally; a critical supply route, the "
471:
1325:
457:
1858:. Archived from the original on 14 June 2016
1490:) elected to the separate royal thrones of
1749:This defeat led to the dissolution of the
1332:
1318:
464:
450:
1845:Civilization Past & Present Volume II
1691:(1620), where Pro-Habsburg forces under
1682:
1665:
1657:
1647:revolted soon after, and in 1619, Count
1848:. New York: Harper Collins Publishers.
1822:. steveedney.wordpress.com. 22 May 2006
1678:
1627:, which greatly strengthened his hand.
1889:
1506:(1609). They preferred the Protestant
1313:
445:
1412:; 1618–1620) was an uprising of the
1339:
13:
1687:Contemporary painting showing the
14:
1968:
1726:The Catholic League's army under
1703:sent an army from Brussels under
839:Swedish-French Period (1635–1648)
1947:Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
1693:Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly
1488:Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
710:Swedish intervention (1630–1635)
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1728:Johan Tzerclaes, Count of Tilly
1670:Historical re-enactment of the
1440:a substantial German population
658:Danish intervention (1625–1629)
538:Palatinate campaign (1620–1623)
1834:
1812:
1796:Religion in the Czech Republic
1547:Third Defenestration of Prague
43:Third Defenestration of Prague
1:
1957:Frederick V of the Palatinate
1927:1620 in the Habsburg monarchy
1922:1619 in the Habsburg monarchy
1917:1618 in the Habsburg monarchy
1806:
1601:Frederick V, Elector Palatine
1508:Frederick V, Elector Palatine
1952:Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor
1651:led an army to the walls of
1537:) as his representatives to
1535:Jaroslav Bořita of Martinice
1473:
7:
1774:
1551:Lands of the Bohemian Crown
490:Bohemian Revolt (1618–1620)
66:Lands of the Bohemian Crown
10:
1973:
1876:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1351:
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21:
1740:Battle of White Mountain
1709:Don Íñigo Vélez de Oñate
1689:Battle of White Mountain
1672:Battle of White Mountain
1448:Battle of White Mountain
1419:against the rule of the
1410:ÄŚeskĂ© stavovskĂ© povstánĂ
1937:17th-century rebellions
1932:17th century in Bohemia
1711:, persuaded Protestant
1695:won a decisive victory.
1478:Without heirs, Emperor
1696:
1675:
1663:
1625:1619 imperial election
1613:Prince of Transylvania
1531:Vilem Slavata of Chlum
1409:
1401:
264:Commanders and leaders
1686:
1669:
1661:
1649:Jindřich Matyáš Thurn
1514:, the creator of the
280:Jindřich Matyáš Thurn
1679:Defeat of the revolt
681:Lutter am Barenberge
1786:Counter-Reformation
1579:Philip III of Spain
1438:but there was also
1402:Böhmischer Aufstand
1781:Anti-Protestantism
1697:
1676:
1664:
1621:Holy Roman Emperor
318:Ernst von Mansfeld
1942:Thirty Years' War
1912:Conflicts in 1620
1907:Conflicts in 1619
1902:Conflicts in 1618
1801:Thirty Years' War
1768:Letter of Majesty
1609:Elector of Saxony
1583:Habsburg monarchy
1504:Letter of Majesty
1425:Thirty Years' War
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1307:
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74:Holy Roman Empire
29:Thirty Years' War
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1816:
1751:Protestant Union
1736:Count of Bucquoy
1730:(which included
1705:Ambrogio Spinola
1594:Protestant Union
1516:Protestant Union
1452:re-Catholisation
1421:Habsburg dynasty
1396:
1346:
1344:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1311:
1310:
1267:2nd Saint Martin
1262:Cape St. Vincent
1237:1st Saint Martin
1202:
1165:
1153:
1141:
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887:
875:
822:
701:'s-Hertogenbosch
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110:Crown of Bohemia
108:
107:
85:Imperial victory
50:
49:
39:
19:
18:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1897:Bohemian Revolt
1887:
1886:
1885:
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1868:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1839:
1835:
1825:
1823:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1777:
1721:duke of Bavaria
1681:
1543:Filip Fabricius
1524:King of Bohemia
1476:
1423:that began the
1392:
1389:Bohemian Revolt
1385:
1380:
1347:
1343:Bohemian Revolt
1342:
1340:
1338:
1308:
1303:
1302:
1290:
1277:Colberger Heide
1196:
1159:
1147:
1135:
1058:2nd Breitenfeld
963:
936:2nd Rheinfelden
881:
869:
816:
809:1st Rheinfelden
739:1st Breitenfeld
719:Swedish landing
650:Vlach uprisings
635:
479:
474:
472:
470:
436:
424:
414:
412:
402:
400:
388:
376:
364:
352:
340:
334:
330:Gabriel Bethlen
322:
310:
303:
293:
291:
284:
272:
259:
249:
247:
228:
224:Catholic League
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77:
40:
22:Bohemian Revolt
17:
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11:
5:
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1960:
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1808:
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1804:
1803:
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1793:
1788:
1783:
1776:
1773:
1732:René Descartes
1680:
1677:
1510:(successor of
1475:
1472:
1468:Central Europe
1442:that endorsed
1382:
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1379:
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1376:White Mountain
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1125:
1123:2nd Nördlingen
1120:
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859:
857:Schenkenschans
854:
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840:
836:
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828:
826:1st Nördlingen
823:
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582:Bergen op Zoom
579:
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15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1969:
1958:
1955:
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1855:0-673-38869-7
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1637:
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1605:Duke of Savoy
1602:
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1564:
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1536:
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1214:Naval battles
1213:
1212:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1184:Wevelinghoven
1182:
1180:
1179:Zusmarshausen
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1157:HohentĂĽbingen
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432:John George I
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1860:. Retrieved
1844:
1836:
1824:. Retrieved
1814:
1791:Hussite Wars
1760:
1755:Imperial ban
1748:
1725:
1698:
1629:
1591:
1587:Spanish Road
1575:
1553:, including
1528:
1512:Frederick IV
1477:
1388:
1386:
1341:
1297:
1242:Lizard Point
1093:Philippsburg
1063:2nd Freiberg
1038:WolfenbĂĽttel
983:1st Freiberg
978:2nd Breisach
956:Wittenweiher
946:FuenterrabĂa
804:1st Breisach
789:Pfaffenhofen
489:
408:Maximilian I
360:Ferdinand II
241:
240:
156:
155:
151:Transylvania
94:Belligerents
27:Part of the
1456:Czech lands
1444:Lutheranism
1197: [
1160: [
1148: [
1136: [
1118:Mergentheim
1053:Schweidnitz
964: [
882: [
870: [
817: [
636: [
602:Frankenthal
567:Mingolsheim
299:Frederick V
1891:Categories
1807:References
1611:, and the
1429:Protestant
1371:Wisternitz
1272:Lister Dyb
1133:Korneuburg
1078:Tuttlingen
1048:Honnecourt
998:Thionville
941:Saint Omer
896:Tornavento
769:Alte Veste
754:Maastricht
628:Érsekújvár
587:Heidelberg
514:Wisternitz
384:Philip III
122:Palatinate
1872:cite book
1598:Calvinist
1500:Rudolf II
1474:Rebellion
1433:Utraquist
1431:, mostly
1394:‹See Tfd›
1257:The Downs
1232:The Slaak
1222:Gibraltar
1145:Totenhöhe
1128:3rd Hulst
1028:La Marfée
916:2nd Breda
911:Wittstock
879:HaselĂĽnne
847:Les Avins
784:Oldendorf
759:Nuremberg
729:Magdeburg
724:Frankfurt
691:Stralsund
676:Oldenzaal
607:Stadtlohn
557:Bacharach
552:Oppenheim
56:1618–1620
1775:See also
1655:itself.
1486:, later
1480:Matthias
1414:Bohemian
1299:Treaties
1113:2nd Brno
1098:JĂĽterbog
1088:Freiburg
1073:1st Brno
1018:PreĂźnitz
1013:MontjuĂŻc
1008:Cambrils
988:Chemnitz
814:Liegnitz
799:Konstanz
764:Wiesloch
597:Mannheim
348:Matthias
242:Support:
157:Support:
61:Location
1764:Hussite
1742:, near
1717:Lusatia
1701:Spanish
1636:England
1632:James I
1623:at the
1571:Moravia
1559:Silesia
1555:Bohemia
1520:Estates
1502:in his
1496:Hungary
1492:Bohemia
1460:Denmark
1454:of the
1436:Hussite
1417:estates
1361:Lomnice
1282:Fehmarn
1252:Channel
1247:Dunkirk
1083:Kolding
1033:Dorsten
926:Leipzig
794:Steinau
744:Bamberg
696:Wolgast
686:Groenlo
645:HodonĂn
623:Humenné
592:Fleurus
572:Wimpfen
519:Bautzen
504:Lomnice
182:Silesia
70:Austria
1862:23 May
1852:
1826:25 May
1744:Prague
1713:Saxony
1653:Vienna
1617:Saxony
1607:, the
1569:, and
1484:Styria
1464:Sweden
1398:German
1366:Sablat
1356:Pilsen
1206:Prague
1194:Dachau
1174:Naples
1169:Triebl
1108:Jankau
1103:Bysjön
1068:Rocroi
1043:Kempen
1023:Plauen
1003:Salses
993:Melnik
973:Vlotho
867:Dömitz
852:Leuven
779:LĂĽtzen
734:Werben
633:Tyrnau
577:Höchst
562:JĂĽlich
509:Sablat
499:Pilsen
255:Poland
236:Saxony
140:rebels
82:Result
1630:Even
1563:Upper
1406:Czech
1227:Genoa
1201:]
1164:]
1152:]
1140:]
968:]
961:Thann
951:Kallo
931:Hanau
921:Venlo
906:Somme
886:]
874:]
821:]
774:FĂĽrth
666:Breda
640:]
170:Savoy
134:Upper
1878:link
1864:2008
1850:ISBN
1828:2008
1699:The
1565:and
1533:and
1494:and
1462:and
1387:The
1189:Lens
891:Raon
749:Rain
53:Date
41:The
1634:of
1893::
1874:}}
1870:{{
1561:,
1557:,
1526:.
1408::
1404:;
1400::
1199:de
1162:de
1150:de
1138:de
966:de
884:de
872:de
819:de
638:de
68:,
1880:)
1866:.
1830:.
1674:.
1391:(
1333:e
1326:t
1319:v
465:e
458:t
451:v
136:-
76:)
72:(
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