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to one account, Ravel said, "It's too fast", to which
Toscanini responded, "You don't know anything about your own music. It's the only way to save the work". According to another report, Ravel said, "That's not my tempo". Toscanini replied, "When I play it at your tempo, it is not effective", to which Ravel retorted, "Then do not play it". Four months later, Ravel attempted to smooth over relations with Toscanini by sending him a note explaining that "I have always felt that if a composer does not take part in the performance of a work, he must avoid the ovations" and, ten days later, inviting Toscanini to conduct the premiere of his
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1638:. He was afraid that my Mediterranean temperament would overtake me, and that I would rush the tempo. I assembled the orchestra at the Salle Pleyel, and Ravel took a seat beside me. Everything went well until the final part, where, in spite of myself, I increased the tempo by a fraction. Ravel jumped up, came over and pulled at my jacket: "not so fast", he exclaimed, and we had to begin again.
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698:. The first such doubling involves a horn playing the melody in C, while a celesta doubles it 2 and 3 octaves above and two piccolos play the melody in the keys of G and E, respectively. This functions as a reinforcement of the first, second, third, and fourth overtones of each note of the melody (though the "G major" is 2
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It constitutes an experiment in a very special and limited direction, and should not be suspected of aiming at achieving anything different from, or anything more than, it actually does achieve. Before its first performance, I issued a warning to the effect that what I had written was a piece lasting
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law prevented any other arrangement from being made. When Arbós heard of this, he said he would happily waive his rights and allow Ravel to orchestrate the pieces. But Ravel decided to orchestrate one of his own works instead, then changed his mind and decided to compose a completely new piece based
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remains under copyright until 1 January 2025 as it was first published in 1929 with the prescribed copyright notice. The last remaining rights owner, Evelyne Pen de Castel, has entered a number of claims that the work was in fact co-created with the designer
Alexandre Benois. The effect would be to
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as part of that orchestra's
European tour. Toscanini's tempo was significantly faster than Ravel preferred, and Ravel signaled his disapproval by refusing to respond to Toscanini's gesture during the audience ovation. An exchange took place between the two men backstage after the concert. According
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The accompaniment becomes gradually thicker and louder until the whole orchestra is playing at the very end. Just before the end (rehearsal number 18 in the score), there is a sudden change of key to E major, but C major is reestablished after just eight bars. Six bars from the end, the bass drum,
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violins and some wind instruments, (14) first and second violins together with some wind instruments, (15) violins and some of the wind instruments, (16) some instruments in the orchestra, and finally (17) most but not all of the instruments in the orchestra (with bass drum, cymbals and tam-tam).
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became Ravel's most famous composition, much to the surprise of the composer, who had predicted that most orchestras would refuse to play it. It is usually played as a purely orchestral work, only rarely staged as a ballet. According to a possibly apocryphal story from the premiere performance, a
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clarinet, (5) oboe d'amore, (6) trumpet and flute (latter is not heard clearly and in higher octave than the first part), (7) tenor saxophone, (8) soprano saxophone, (9) horn, piccolos and celesta; (10) oboe, English horn and clarinet; (11) trombone, (12) some of the wind instruments, (13) first
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mark of 76 per quarter is crossed out and 66 is substituted. Later editions of the score suggest a tempo of 72. Ravel's own recording from
January 1930 starts at approximately 66 per quarter, slightly slowing down later on to 60–63. Its total duration is 15 minutes 50 seconds. Coppola's first
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is imbued with tragedy, observing that the snare drum "dehumanizes one of the most sensuously connotative aspects of the bolero", "instruments with the capacity for melodic expression mimic the machinery," and the melody consistently ends with a descending
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defies "traditional methods of musical analysis owing to its melodic, rhythmic, and harmonic repetitiveness," he offers an analysis that "corresponds to Ravel's documented reflections on the creative process and the aesthetic precepts outlined in Poe's
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flat, and the "E major" is 14 cents sharp). The other significant "key doubling" involves sounding the melody a 5th above or a 4th below, in G major. Other than these "key doublings", Ravel simply harmonizes the melody with diatonic chords.
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The work is public domain in Canada, China, Japan, New
Zealand, South Africa, and many others where the copyright term is "Life + 50 years". It is also public domain in the European Union (where the term is Life + 70 years). In the U.S.,
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The piece was first published by the
Parisian firm Durand in 1929. Arrangements were made for piano solo and piano duet (two people playing at one piano), and later, Ravel arranged a version for two pianos, published in 1930.
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seventeen minutes and consisting wholly of "orchestral tissue without music"—of one very long, gradual crescendo. There are no contrasts, and practically no invention except the plan and the manner of execution.
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Inside a tavern in Spain, people dance beneath the brass lamp hung from the ceiling. to the cheers to join in, the female dancer has leapt onto the long table and her steps become more and more animated.
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At
Coppola's first recording, Ravel indicated strongly that he preferred a steady tempo, criticizing the conductor for getting faster at the end of the work. According to Coppola's own report:
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review, leading one critic to declare that "it was
Toscanini who launched the career of the Boléro", and another to claim that Toscanini had made Ravel into "almost an American national hero".
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239:, saying, "Don't you think this theme has an insistent quality? I'm going to try and repeat it a number of times without any development, gradually increasing the orchestra as best I can."
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But Ravel had a different conception of the work: his preferred stage design was of an open-air setting with a factory in the background, reflecting the mechanical nature of the music.
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had been engaged to conduct the entire ballet season, but the musicians refused to play under him. A scenario by
Rubinstein and Nijinska was printed in the program for the premiere:
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notes. Tension is provided by the contrast between the steady percussive rhythm, and the "expressive vocal melody trying to break free". Interest is maintained by constant re
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677:. Both themes are repeated eight times. At the climax, the first theme is repeated a ninth time, then the second theme takes over and breaks briefly into a new tune in
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1788:. This resulted in massive sales, generated an estimated $ 1 million in royalties and briefly made Ravel the best-selling classical composer 40 years after his death.
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wrote: "There is a definite limit to the length of time a composer can go on writing in one dance rhythm (this limit is obviously reached by Ravel towards the end of
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Ravel's preference for a slower tempo is confirmed by his unhappiness with
Toscanini's performance, as reported above. Toscanini's 1939 recording with the
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extend the copyright (when performed as a ballet) until 2039. The claims have been rejected repeatedly by French courts and the French authors society
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while the whole orchestra beats out the rhythm that has been played on the snare drum from the first bar. Finally, the work descends from a dissonant B
191:. It is one of Ravel's most famous compositions. It was also one of his last completed works before illness diminished his ability to write music.
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woman was heard shouting that Ravel was mad. When told about this, Ravel is said to have remarked that she had understood the piece.
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oboes, cor anglais, clarinets, bass clarinet, bassoons, contrabassoon, tuba, timpani, harp, and double bass; together with the
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386:. Other factors in the work's renown were the large number of early performances, gramophone records, including Ravel's own,
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bass clarinet, bassoons, contrabassoon, 1st/2nd horns, sopranino saxophone, timpani, harp, violas, cellos, and double bass
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While the melody continues to be played in C throughout, from the middle onward other instruments double it in different
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recording, at which Ravel was present, has a similar duration of 15 minutes 40 seconds. Ravel said in an interview with
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On top of this rhythm two melodies are heard, each 18 bars long, and each played twice alternately. The first melody is
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on 14 November 1929. The performance was a great success, bringing "shouts and cheers from the audience" according to a
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was quite possibly a deeply personal work for Ravel. As evidence, Lanford cites Ravel's admissions that the rhythms of
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that the work had "no form, properly speaking, no development, no or almost no modulation". In a 1931 interview with
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at the age of 82 gave a performance that lasted 17 minutes and 53 seconds, perhaps a record in the modern era.
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An average performance lasts about 15 minutes, with the slowest recordings, such as that by Ravel's associate
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clarinets, bassoons, contrabassoon, 3rd/4th horns, sopranino saxophone, tenor saxophone, 1st/2nd trombone,
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The instrumentation calls for a sopranino saxophone in F, which never existed (modern sopraninos are in E
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1619:'s 1940 recording with the All American Youth Orchestra, approaching 12 minutes. In May 1994, with the
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2245:— Explication of the entire work; indicates the instruments heard in the recording as they are played.
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video game, but reworked it into an original piece shortly before release due to copyright concerns.
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2501:"Bo Derek's 'Bolero' Turn-On Stirs Up a Ravel Revival, Millions in Royalties—and Some Ugly Memories"
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2829:'Le bras de fer entre la Sacem et les héritiers du "Boléro" de Ravel devant le tribunal à Nanterre'
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flutes, piccolo, oboes, cor anglais, clarinets, tenor saxophone, and 1st/2nd violins (2nd violins
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24:
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bass clarinet, bassoons, contrabassoon, 2nd/3rd trombones, tuba, timpani, harp, and double bass
553:). At the first performance, both the sopranino and soprano saxophone parts were played on the B
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Woodley, Ronald (2000). "Style and practice in the early recordings". In Mawer, Deborah (ed.).
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Lanford, Michael (2011). "Ravel and 'The Raven': The realisation of an inherited aesthetic in
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The piece gained new attention after it was prominently featured in the 1979 romantic comedy
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bass clarinet, bassoons, contrabassoon, trombones, tuba, timpani, harp, and double bass (all
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The melody is passed among different instruments: (1) flute, (2) clarinet, (3) bassoon, (4) E
427:
387:
347:
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1546:: trombones, sopranino saxophone, and tenor saxophone (no glissando note on the saxophones)
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flutes, piccolo, horns, D piccolo trumpet, C trumpets, 1st/2nd violins, violas, and cellos
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The following table shows the instruments playing in each section of the piece (in order):
178:
Ravel's Boléro, Lamoureux Orchestra, directed by Ravel himself, 1930 12" shellac disc label
653:, the second through two octaves. The bass line and accompaniment are initially played on
8:
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on 13 January 1930. Ravel attended the recording session. The next day, he conducted the
260:
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1831:, and the problems of his musical part. The film was screened out of competition at the
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were inspired by the machines of his father's factory and melodic materials came from a
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was also distributed under the name Boléro, and features a Boléro dance sequence, by
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This piece's copyright expired on 1 May 2016 for many countries, but not worldwide.
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A version was recorded with Frank Zappa conducting an all-brass big-band ensemble.
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bass clarinet, tenor saxophone (last four bars, tenor interchanged from sopranino)
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flutes, piccolo, oboes, cor anglais, clarinets, sopranino saxophone, 1st trombone (
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662:
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599:
594:
431:
339:
264:
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On 4 May 1930, Toscanini performed the work with the New York Philharmonic at the
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Masterworks of 20th-Century Music: The Modern Repertory of the Symphony Orchestra
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272:
268:
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213:. While working on the transcription, Ravel was informed that Spanish conductor
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Music of the Great Composers: A listener's guide to the best of classical music
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is the one piece of classical music that is commonly known and liked by them."
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is "Ravel's most straightforward composition in any medium". The music is in
479:
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cymbals, and tam-tam make their first entry, and the trombones play raucous
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bass clarinet, bassoons, harp, 2nd violins, violas, cellos, and double bass
243:
wrote that the main theme is adapted from a melody composed for and used in
235:, Ravel went to the piano and played a melody with one finger to his friend
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performed an adaptation of Bolero in the song "Lonlon" for her 2007 album
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soprano saxophone (original score, interchanged from sopranino saxophone,
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Ravel's Boléro, Lamoureux Orchestra, directed by Ravel himself, first part
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2282:(11 July 1931). "M. Ravel discusses his own work: The Boléro explained".
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1898:, whom the programme is about, liked this orchestra piece in particular.
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played the song repeatedly in his episode of the swedish radio programme
1700:
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oboes, clarinets, horns, 2nd violins, violas, and cellos (all strings in
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piccolo, flutes, oboes, cor anglais, clarinets, and tenor saxophone (all
1085:
951:
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642:
488:
397:
240:
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danced to a six-minute version of the work in winning the gold medal in
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Ravel was a stringent critic of his own work. During the composition of
19:
This article is about Ravel's piece for orchestra. For Latin music, see
3619:
3613:
2319:"Boléro - Maurice Ravel - Münchner Philharmoniker - Sergiu Celibidache"
1919:. The matter was due to be decided on 24 June 2024 before the court in
1855:
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1763:
1450:, C trumpets, soprano saxophone, tenor saxophone, and 1st violins (all
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614:
513:
54:
3426:
Introduction and Allegro for Harp, Flute, Clarinet, and String Quartet
2763:"Copyright expires on Bolero, world's most famous classical crescendo"
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199:
The work's creation was set in motion by a commission from the dancer
1880:
1598:
1568:
1550:
1543:
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oboes, clarinets, horns, 2nd violins, violas, cellos (all strings in
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bass clarinet, 4th horn (interchanged from 1st trumpet), and violas (
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779:
674:
654:
517:
500:
459:
218:
203:, who asked Ravel for an orchestral transcription of six pieces from
42:
1923:, and on 28 June it was reported that the court rejected the claim.
1757:
Ravel's mother sang to him at nighttime. Lanford also proposes that
3324:
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2601:
1920:
1859:
1785:
1754:
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bass clarinet, bassoons, contrabassoon, trumpets (2nd/3rd trumpets
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bass clarinet, bassoons, contrabassoon, harp, 1st violins, violas (
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610:
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The composition was a sensational success when it premiered at the
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Arturo Toscanini from 1915 to 1946: Art in the shadow of politics
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2714:"The Legend of Zelda Developer Interview - NES Classic Edition"
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1406:), 1st/2nd violins, violas, and cellos (2nd violins, cellos in
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670:
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20:
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flutes, piccolo, D piccolo trumpet, C trumpets, 1st trombone (
1597:, very moderate"). In Ravel's copy of the score, the printed
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flutes, oboes, cor anglais, 1st trumpet, and 1st/2nd violins
774:
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2070:
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1615:, extending well beyond 18 minutes and the fastest, such as
1426:), 2nd/3rd trombones, tuba, timpani, harp, and double bass (
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and radio broadcasts, together with the 1934 motion picture
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This song played during the torch-lighting ceremony of the
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1st clarinet (interchanged from 2nd flute, last four bars)
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soprano saxophone, a tradition that continues to this day.
534:
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244:
2769:. Manila. Agence France-Presse. 2 May 2016. Archived from
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3054:
The Classical Music Lover's Companion to Orchestral Music
2989:
The Ballets of Maurice Ravel: Creation and interpretation
2065:
1986:
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1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
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Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can
2248:
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1st oboe, clarinets (both at first two bars), and below
1316:
1st oboe, clarinets (both at first two bars), and below
1186:
1st oboe, oboe d'amore, cor anglais, and clarinets (all
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Maurice Ravel... did not have confidence in me for the
1517:), soprano saxophone, tenor saxophone, and 1st violins
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before finally returning to the tonic key of C major.
609:(as loud as possible). It is built over an unchanging
187:
is a 1928 work for large orchestra by French composer
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2403:"A British Bad Boy Finds His Way Back Into the Light"
2305:
Leopold Stokowski conducts Dvorak, Sibelius and Ravel
2203:
2145:
1520:
C trumpets, 1st trombone (first two bars), and below
645:
and flattened notes (technically it is mostly in the
3034:
A Ravel Reader: Correspondence, articles, interviews
2133:
2032:
2030:
1309:
flutes, piccolo, oboes, clarinets, and 1st violins (
2648:"Olympic News - Sports News, Events & Athletes"
2420:
2157:
2012:
2009:
Alternatively, see p. 155 of the hardbound edition.
1478:), and a second snare drum playing throughout (all
2965:
2882:Marguerite Long: A life in French music, 1874–1966
2846:"French court rules Boléro was Ravel's work alone"
1034:flutes, 2nd violins, cellos, and double bass (all
314:. That same year, further recordings were made by
250:
2343:(in French). Geneva: Slatkine. pp. 105–108.
2027:
1384:, interchanged from 2nd violins, last four bars)
217:had already orchestrated the movements, and that
3678:
3101:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 213–239.
415:is written for a large orchestra consisting of:
2274:
2272:
1709:, "Young people know that rock has the beat of
1088:, 1st violins, violas, cellos, and double bass
730:... three-beat quarter/eighth-note rhythm
1201:), harp, 1st violins, cellos, and double bass
404:, in which the music plays an important role.
267:. The orchestra of the Opéra was conducted by
3209:
2884:. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
2785:
2598:"1984: British ice couple score Olympic gold"
1814:, receiving perfect 6.0s for artistic merit.
1577:minor over F minor chord to a C major chord.
1505:flutes, piccolo (first two bars), and below.
1246:, harp, 2nd violins, cellos, and double bass
2554:"Les Uns et les Autres - le Boléro de Ravel"
2278:
2269:
1849:in her 2021–22 season's free skate program.
1537:Conclusion (return to C major, last 6 bars)
1443:flutes, piccolo (first two bars), and below
1391:, interchanged from violas, last four bars)
617:that remains constant throughout the piece:
2498:
2002:
1375:, timpani, harp, viola, cello, double bass
1197:bass clarinet, bassoons, 1st/2nd trumpets (
3216:
3202:
2341:Dix-sept ans de musique à Paris, 1922–1939
1366:flutes, oboes (first two bars), and below
259:on 22 November 1928, with choreography by
53:
3188:International Music Score Library Project
3027:
3005:
2898:
2737:"Sigge Eklund - Sommar & Vinter i P1"
2629:"Films courts pour temps long sur le Net"
2356:
2307:(CD liner). Music and Arts. 2006. CD-841.
2291:
2263:
2127:
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1990:
1975:
1646:has a duration of 13 minutes 25 seconds.
649:). The first melody descends through one
2397:
1461:C trumpets (first two bars), and below (
1321:bassoons, contrabassoon, 3rd/4th horns,
173:
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2007:. New York, NY: Doubleday. p. 175.
1827:concentrates on the drummer, played by
613:rhythm played 169 times on one or more
16:Orchestral composition by Maurice Ravel
3679:
3051:
2209:
669:of the theme, leading to a variety of
3398:Piano Concerto in D for the Left Hand
3197:
3147:Masselis, Juliette (6 October 2016).
3132:. New York: Welcome Rain Publishers.
3070:
2986:
2875:. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
2865:
2734:
2499:Andriotakis, Pamela (31 March 1980).
2426:
2385:
2221:
2163:
2139:
2021:
1769:
1580:
3037:. Minneola, NY: Dover Publications.
3013:. New York, NY: Dover Publications.
2805:"Ravel's Bolero back from the dead?"
2755:
2372:(1938). "Comment est né le Boléro".
2200:was the saxophonist at the premiere)
2963:
2711:
2573:"Jorge Donn et le Bolero de Béjart"
2551:
2368:
2036:
1669:he spoke about the work as follows:
1117:, same with snare drum), 2nd horn (
985:), violas, cellos, and double bass
371:
368:, an invitation that was declined.
13:
3116:
2570:
657:strings, mainly using rudimentary
382:and further increased the fame of
14:
3728:
3223:
3180:
3162:
2791:
1703:commented in his 1987 bestseller
1608:that the piece lasts 17 minutes.
499:(2 tenor and one bass trombone),
3664:
3639:
3638:
3168:
3095:The Cambridge Companion to Ravel
2872:The Closing of the American Mind
2528:"Les uns et les autres = Bolero"
1901:
1894:because his grandfather – actor
1866:as the main theme for the first
1706:The Closing of the American Mind
1209:1st flute, 2nd horn, and violas
1175:), 2nd violins, and violas (all
366:Piano Concerto for the Left Hand
298:The first recording was made by
228:, a Spanish dance musical form.
3517:Pavane pour une infante défunte
3353:Pavane pour une infante défunte
2906:. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.
2859:
2838:
2822:
2797:
2735:Radio, Sveriges (6 July 2024).
2728:
2705:
2699:"Zappa '88: The Last U.S. Show"
2691:
2666:
2640:
2622:
2606:
2591:
2564:
2545:
2520:
2492:
2391:
2362:
2329:
2311:
2297:
2243:(audio with synchronized text).
2227:
2169:
1591:Tempo di Bolero, moderato assai
1329:), violas, cellos, double bass
1255:
719:Instruments that follow the...
251:Premiere and early performances
3702:Ballets by Bronislava Nijinska
3529:Valses nobles et sentimentales
3381:Valses nobles et sentimentales
2054:
1996:
1937:
1745:." Lanford also contends that
1623:on tour in Cologne, conductor
376:The Toscanini affair became a
342:gave the American premiere of
194:
1:
3687:Compositions by Maurice Ravel
3099:Cambridge Companions to Music
1926:
1692:and towards the beginning of
1417:, first two bars), and below
1413:2nd violins and cellos (both
3599:Pierre-Joseph Ravel (father)
2280:Calvocoressi, Michel-Dimitri
1945:"Boléro (1re Et 2e Parties)"
1817:The eight-minute short film
1649:
623:
562:
333:
263:and designs and scenario by
7:
3436:Sonata for Violin and Cello
2972:. New York, NY: Routledge.
1589:indication in the score is
1502:18B (including modulation)
1290:), cello, double bass (all
598:and rising in a continuous
10:
3733:
3261:L'enfant et les sortilèges
2991:. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.
1242:clarinets, bass clarinet,
862:, violas, and cellos (all
724:... snare drum rhythm
128:22 November 1928
18:
3634:
3591:
3538:
3503:Menuet sur le nom d'Haydn
3466:
3418:
3390:
3360:Pictures at an Exhibition
3295:
3244:
3231:
3056:. Yale University Press.
2880:Dunoyer, Cecilia (1993).
2384:Quoted and translated in
2355:Quoted and translated in
1833:1992 Cannes Film Festival
1743:Philosophy of Composition
1733:Philosophy of Composition
1507:
1501:
1445:
1439:
1421:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1083:
1054:
1051:
1033:
1007:
992:
989:
901:harp, violas, and cellos
718:
711:
320:Boston Symphony Orchestra
310:in his own recording for
149:
139:
124:
119:
111:
96:
81:
71:
52:
41:
34:
3692:Ballets by Maurice Ravel
3575:Trois poèmes de Mallarmé
3561:Don Quichotte à Dulcinée
1931:
1736:." Since, in his words,
1387:Above, and 2nd violins (
407:
207:'s set of piano pieces,
3717:Stefan Zweig Collection
3712:Compositions in C major
3052:Philip, Robert (2018).
3011:Ravel: Man and musician
2987:Mawer, Deborah (2006).
2928:The Cambridge Quarterly
2631:by Jacques Mandelbaum,
2186:"Marcel Mule interview"
1723:The Cambridge Quarterly
1613:Pedro de Freitas Branco
1254:4th horn, 1st trumpet (
1171:4th horn, 3rd trumpet (
934:), violas, cellos, and
628:download the audio file
328:Concertgebouw Orchestra
215:Enrique Fernández Arbós
25:Bolero (disambiguation)
3609:Impressionism in music
3604:Close and open harmony
3489:Le Tombeau de Couperin
3318:Le Tombeau de Couperin
2941:10.1093/camqtly/bfr022
2674:"Bio - Kamila Valieva"
1892:Sommar (radio program)
1720:In a 2011 article for
1713:. That is why Ravel's
1676:
1644:NBC Symphony Orchestra
1640:
495:(3 in C, one in D), 3
282:
179:
171:
23:. For other uses, see
3697:1928 ballet premieres
3431:Piano Trio in A minor
3304:Alborada del gracioso
3149:"Le Boléro au cinéma"
3129:Maurice Ravel: a Life
2964:Lee, Douglas (2002).
2712:Sao, Akinori (2016).
2061:Kelly Online Database
2005:The Sufis (paperback)
1802:The ice dancing pair
1793:Les Uns et les Autres
1678:In 1934, in his book
1671:
1632:
348:New York Philharmonic
277:
231:While on vacation at
177:
169:
3568:Histoires naturelles
3269:L'éventail de Jeanne
3236:List of compositions
3177:at Wikimedia Commons
2724:on 25 November 2016.
2619:, Festival de Cannes
2615:Le batteur du Boléro
2325:. 12 September 2013.
2003:Shah, Idris (1964).
1820:Le batteur du Boléro
1812:1984 Winter Olympics
1260:), and 2nd violins (
1065:(either instrument,
964:), and 1st trumpet (
510:and 4 percussionists
3547:Chansons madécasses
3451:String Quartet in F
3446:Violin Sonata No. 2
3441:Violin Sonata No. 1
3403:Piano Concerto in G
2835:, 15 February, 2024
2718:Nintendo of America
2285:The Daily Telegraph
2224:, pp. 223–224.
2118:, pp. 590–591.
2077:, pp. 236–237.
1869:The Legend of Zelda
1840:2020 Tokyo Olympics
1665:The Daily Telegraph
1621:Munich Philharmonic
1605:The Daily Telegraph
1446:flutes, piccolo, D
1272:, also snare drum)
1061:(original score) /
1059:sopranino saxophone
308:Lamoureux Orchestra
261:Bronislava Nijinska
62:, who commissioned
3475:Gaspard de la nuit
3367:Rapsodie espagnole
3078:. Turin, IT: EDT.
2900:Kavanaugh, Patrick
2833:France Télévisions
2773:on 15 January 2021
2407:The New York Times
2194:. 17 October 2010.
1770:In popular culture
1711:sexual intercourse
1625:Sergiu Celibidache
1581:Tempo and duration
1101:, last four bars)
841:, also snare drum)
673:, and by a steady
316:Serge Koussevitzky
304:Gramophone Company
237:Gustave Samazeuilh
180:
172:
3707:1928 compositions
3652:
3651:
3277:L'heure espagnole
3173:Media related to
3139:978-1-56649-152-5
3108:978-0-521-64856-1
3044:978-0-486-43078-2
3020:978-0-486-26633-6
2998:978-0-7546-3029-6
2979:978-0-415-93846-4
2913:978-0-310-20807-5
2891:978-0-253-31839-8
2552:Berthet, Chanou.
2375:La Revue musicale
2350:978-2-05-000208-1
2130:, pp. 98–99.
1862:, planned to use
1617:Leopold Stokowski
1564:
1563:
1063:soprano saxophone
632:
438:(one doubling on
324:Willem Mengelberg
167:
159:
158:
3724:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3660:
3642:
3641:
3554:Two Hebrew Songs
3253:Daphnis et Chloé
3218:
3211:
3204:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3186:: Scores at the
3172:
3158:
3143:
3112:
3089:
3067:
3048:
3029:Orenstein, Arbie
3024:
3007:Orenstein, Arbie
3002:
2983:
2971:
2960:
2917:
2895:
2876:
2854:
2853:
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2795:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2741:sverigesradio.se
2732:
2726:
2725:
2720:. Archived from
2709:
2703:
2702:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2650:. Archived from
2644:
2638:
2626:
2620:
2610:
2604:
2595:
2589:
2588:
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2568:
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2096:
2090:
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2058:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2025:
2019:
2010:
2008:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1979:
1973:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1941:
1829:Jacques Villeret
1804:Torvill and Dean
1791:The French film
1699:Literary critic
1684:Constant Lambert
1576:
1575:
1514:
1496:
1485:
1468:
1457:
1297:
1282:
1271:
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1041:
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963:
922:
897:
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886:
869:
855:
840:
821:
806:
790:
766:
751:
716:B = 2nd melody)
714:(A = 1st melody
709:
708:
689:
688:
589:
588:
587:
586:
558:
557:
552:
551:
450:(one doubles on
372:Early popularity
340:Arturo Toscanini
265:Alexandre Benois
168:
135:
133:
107:
105:
92:
90:
57:
32:
31:
3732:
3731:
3727:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3722:
3721:
3677:
3676:
3675:
3671:Classical music
3665:
3663:
3655:
3653:
3648:
3630:
3587:
3534:
3462:
3414:
3386:
3291:
3240:
3227:
3222:
3165:
3146:
3140:
3122:
3119:
3117:Further reading
3109:
3086:
3064:
3045:
3031:, ed. (2003) .
3021:
2999:
2980:
2914:
2892:
2862:
2857:
2852:. 28 June 2024.
2844:
2843:
2839:
2827:
2823:
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2803:
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2798:
2790:
2786:
2776:
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2761:
2760:
2756:
2746:
2744:
2733:
2729:
2710:
2706:
2701:. 15 July 2021.
2697:
2696:
2692:
2682:
2680:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2657:
2655:
2654:on 23 July 2021
2646:
2645:
2641:
2637:, 27 March 2020
2627:
2623:
2611:
2607:
2596:
2592:
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2580:
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2565:
2558:dailymotion.com
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2421:
2411:
2409:
2399:Teachout, Terry
2396:
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2334:
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2312:
2303:
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2228:
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2204:
2184:
2181:Wayback Machine
2174:
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2162:
2158:
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2146:
2138:
2134:
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2122:
2114:
2105:
2097:
2093:
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2020:
2013:
2001:
1997:
1989:
1982:
1974:
1963:
1953:
1951:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1904:
1876:Angélique Kidjo
1845:It was used by
1825:Patrice Leconte
1772:
1728:Edgar Allan Poe
1652:
1583:
1573:
1572:
1510:
1490:
1479:
1462:
1451:
1448:piccolo trumpet
1325:, 2nd violins (
1291:
1276:
1265:
1226:
1187:
1176:
1153:
1141:
1133:
1118:
1110:
1094:
1066:
1035:
1012:
1009:tenor saxophone
994:
965:
957:
916:
891:
884:
883:
863:
849:
834:
825:violas, cellos
815:
800:
784:
760:
743:
727:... melody
715:
713:
686:
685:
635:
634:
633:
631:
585:
580:
579:
578:
577:
576:
565:
555:
554:
549:
548:
452:E-flat clarinet
434:on piccolo), 2
410:
374:
336:
273:Ernest Ansermet
269:Walther Straram
253:
197:
163:
154:Walther Straram
131:
129:
103:
101:
88:
86:
72:Commissioned by
67:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3730:
3720:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
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3628:
3623:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3585:
3582:Trois Chansons
3578:
3571:
3564:
3557:
3550:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3525:
3520:
3513:
3506:
3499:
3496:Menuet antique
3492:
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3470:
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3356:
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3342:
3339:Menuet antique
3335:
3328:
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3314:
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3164:
3163:External links
3161:
3160:
3159:
3154:France Musique
3144:
3138:
3124:Ivry, Benjamin
3118:
3115:
3114:
3113:
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2935:(3): 243–265.
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2678:isuresults.com
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2639:
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2605:
2590:
2571:Sirvin, René.
2563:
2544:
2519:
2491:
2489:, p. 259.
2479:
2477:, p. 256.
2467:
2465:, p. 255.
2455:
2453:, p. 263.
2443:
2441:, p. 243.
2431:
2419:
2401:(2 May 1999).
2390:
2388:, p. 219.
2361:
2359:, p. 540.
2357:Orenstein 2003
2349:
2337:Coppola, Piero
2328:
2310:
2296:
2294:, p. 477.
2292:Orenstein 2003
2268:
2266:, p. 541.
2264:Orenstein 2003
2247:
2226:
2214:
2212:, p. 615.
2202:
2168:
2156:
2144:
2142:, p. 224.
2132:
2128:Orenstein 1991
2120:
2116:Orenstein 2003
2103:
2101:, p. 238.
2091:
2089:, p. 237.
2079:
2064:
2053:
2049:Kavanaugh 1996
2041:
2039:, p. 329.
2026:
2024:, p. 227.
2011:
1995:
1991:Orenstein 1991
1980:
1976:Orenstein 1991
1961:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1903:
1900:
1858:, composer at
1847:Kamila Valieva
1799:, at the end.
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1399:1st–4th horns
1397:
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1368:
1367:
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1361:
1360:1st/2nd horns
1358:
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1337:3rd/4th horns
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402:Carole Lombard
388:transcriptions
373:
370:
353:New York Times
335:
332:
271:. Originally,
252:
249:
233:St Jean-de-Luz
201:Ida Rubinstein
196:
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15:
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2:
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3332:Ma mère l'Oye
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3225:Maurice Ravel
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2016:
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1902:Public domain
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3157:(in French).
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2867:Bloom, Allan
2860:Bibliography
2849:
2840:
2832:
2824:
2812:. Retrieved
2808:
2799:
2787:
2775:. Retrieved
2771:the original
2766:
2757:
2745:. Retrieved
2743:(in Swedish)
2740:
2730:
2722:the original
2717:
2707:
2693:
2681:. Retrieved
2677:
2668:
2656:. Retrieved
2652:the original
2642:
2632:
2624:
2614:
2608:
2593:
2581:. Retrieved
2576:
2566:
2557:
2547:
2535:. Retrieved
2531:
2522:
2510:. Retrieved
2504:
2494:
2487:Lanford 2011
2482:
2475:Lanford 2011
2470:
2463:Lanford 2011
2458:
2451:Lanford 2011
2446:
2439:Lanford 2011
2434:
2422:
2410:. Retrieved
2406:
2393:
2379:
2373:
2370:Nín, Joaquín
2364:
2340:
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2322:
2313:
2304:
2299:
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2240:
2235:
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2217:
2205:
2189:
2177:Ghostarchive
2175:Archived at
2171:
2159:
2152:Dunoyer 1993
2147:
2135:
2123:
2099:Woodley 2000
2094:
2087:Woodley 2000
2082:
2075:Woodley 2000
2056:
2044:
2004:
1998:
1952:. Retrieved
1948:
1939:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1896:Bengt Eklund
1888:Sigge Eklund
1886:
1879:
1874:
1868:
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1782:Dudley Moore
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1055:1st trumpet
1037:
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996:
995:
982:
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913:oboe d'amore
893:
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786:
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603:
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592:, beginning
582:
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440:oboe d'amore
419:
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182:
181:
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63:
35:
29:
3626:Les Apaches
3391:Concertante
3374:Shéhérazade
2809:A-Lyric.com
2579:(in French)
2512:27 November
2382:(187): 213.
2241:mentine.net
2210:Philip 2018
2198:Marcel Mule
1808:ice dancing
1701:Allan Bloom
1660:Joaquín Nin
1424:senza sord.
1257:senza sord.
1109:1st flute (
1086:cor anglais
956:1st flute (
936:double bass
833:1st flute (
799:2nd flute (
643:syncopation
615:snare drums
514:snare drums
444:cor anglais
398:George Raft
361:Paris Opéra
257:Paris Opéra
241:Idries Shah
195:Composition
144:Paris Opéra
3681:Categories
3620:The Bolero
3614:Ravel Peak
3482:Jeux d'eau
3467:Solo piano
3296:Orchestral
2814:6 November
2427:Bloom 1987
2386:Mawer 2006
2222:Mawer 2006
2164:Sachs 1987
2140:Mawer 2006
2022:Mawer 2006
1927:References
1856:Koji Kondo
1823:(1992) by
1797:Jorge Donn
1764:tetrachord
1075:espressivo
1022:espressivo
740:snare drum
605:fortissimo
595:pianissimo
520:, pair of
460:saxophones
338:Conductor
247:training.
132:1928-11-22
43:Orchestral
3009:(1991) .
2949:1471-6836
2577:En scènes
2339:(1982) .
1881:Djin Djin
1680:Music Ho!
1650:Reception
1599:metronome
1569:glissandi
1551:bass drum
1544:Glissando
1515:possibile
1404:sostenuto
1236:sostenuto
1199:con sord.
1173:con sord.
1003:con sord.
975:con sord.
878:2nd flute
777:(both in
675:crescendo
655:pizzicato
607:possibile
600:crescendo
563:Structure
518:bass drum
501:bass tuba
497:trombones
470:doubling
464:sopranino
448:clarinets
420:woodwinds
396:starring
346:with the
334:Toscanini
326:with the
318:with the
219:copyright
150:Conductor
115:orchestra
97:Published
66:, in 1922
45:music by
3644:Category
3523:Sonatine
3325:La valse
3288:(ballet)
3272:(ballet)
3256:(ballet)
3126:(2000).
3074:(1987).
2957:43492354
2902:(1996).
2869:(1987).
2634:Le Monde
2602:BBC News
2532:WorldCat
2179:and the
2037:Lee 2002
1954:18 April
1921:Nanterre
1860:Nintendo
1786:Bo Derek
1755:berceuse
1689:La valse
1574:♭
1223:trombone
1130:piccolos
909:bassoons
888:clarinet
885:♭
812:clarinet
712:Section
687:♭
663:dominant
639:diatonic
611:ostinato
556:♭
550:♭
493:trumpets
476:bassoons
432:doubling
302:for the
140:Location
120:Premiere
82:Composed
3592:Related
3510:Miroirs
3457:Tzigane
3419:Chamber
3409:Tzigane
3346:Miroirs
3280:(opera)
3264:(opera)
2747:11 July
2683:20 June
2658:25 July
2412:22 June
2323:YouTube
2191:YouTube
1949:Discogs
1810:at the
1559:tam-tam
1555:cymbals
1323:timpani
1150:celesta
1148:), and
1084:oboes,
1079:vibrato
1028:vibrato
928:violins
846:bassoon
679:E major
671:timbres
572:C major
541:strings
531:celesta
526:tam-tam
522:cymbals
507:timpani
468:soprano
424:piccolo
312:Polydor
222:on the
130: (
112:Scoring
102: (
87: (
3657:Portal
3311:Boléro
3183:Boléro
3175:Boléro
3136:
3105:
3082:
3060:
3041:
3017:
2995:
2976:
2955:
2947:
2923:Boléro
2910:
2888:
2506:People
2347:
2236:Bolero
1912:Boléro
1864:Boléro
1759:Boléro
1751:Boléro
1747:Boléro
1738:Boléro
1715:Bolero
1694:Boléro
1656:Boléro
1636:Boléro
1595:bolero
1557:, and
1264:, all
775:cellos
771:violas
651:octave
568:Boléro
428:flutes
413:Boléro
393:Bolero
384:Boléro
344:Boléro
288:Boléro
225:bolero
210:Iberia
184:Boléro
64:Boléro
36:Boléro
21:Bolero
3539:Vocal
3245:Stage
2953:JSTOR
2792:IMSLP
2777:3 May
2583:4 May
2537:4 May
1932:Notes
1917:SACEM
1587:tempo
1476:pizz.
1415:pizz.
1389:pizz.
1327:pizz.
1288:pizz.
983:pizz.
940:pizz.
932:pizz.
780:pizz.
757:flute
700:cents
659:tonic
489:horns
485:brass
474:), 2
472:tenor
436:oboes
430:(one
408:Music
3134:ISBN
3103:ISBN
3080:ISBN
3058:ISBN
3039:ISBN
3015:ISBN
2993:ISBN
2974:ISBN
2945:ISSN
2908:ISBN
2886:ISBN
2816:2019
2779:2016
2749:2024
2685:2023
2660:2021
2585:2024
2539:2024
2514:2023
2414:2017
2345:ISBN
1956:2022
1784:and
1696:)."
1585:The
1527:arco
1440:17A
1428:arco
1408:arco
1396:16B
1382:arco
1373:tuba
1357:15B
1342:arco
1334:14A
1311:arco
1303:13A
1262:arco
1251:12B
1221:1st
1214:arco
1206:11B
1168:10A
952:horn
950:1st
926:2nd
860:harp
844:1st
810:1st
755:1st
738:1st
696:keys
661:and
590:time
535:harp
533:and
512:: 2
491:, 4
487:: 4
466:and
458:, 2
446:, 2
426:, 2
400:and
322:and
245:Sufi
125:Date
104:1929
100:1929
89:1928
85:1928
2937:doi
2925:".
1730:'s
1344:),
1106:9A
1052:8B
602:to
454:),
442:),
3683::
3151:.
3097:.
2951:.
2943:.
2933:40
2931:.
2848:.
2831:,
2807:.
2765:.
2739:.
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