Simón Bolívar - Knowledge

85: 1610: 2317: 849: 15411: 3944:. Inspired by Montesquieu, Bolívar believed that a government should conform to the needs and character of its region and inhabitants; in the Cartagena Manifesto, Bolívar stated that federalism as practiced in the United States was the "perfect" government but was unworkable in Spanish America because, he believed, Spanish imperialism had left Spanish Americans unprepared for federalism. Bolívar sought to prepare Colombia for a more liberal democracy via free, public education. Over the 1820s, Bolívar became increasingly disillusioned and authoritarian until, in 1830, he declared to Flores, "all who have served the Revolution have plowed the sea." 1792: 13352: 15918: 1883:", Bolívar first established a provisional government in Bogotá with Santander, and then left to resume campaigning against the Royalists in Venezuela on 20 September 1819. En route, he learned that Zea had been replaced as vice president in September 1819 by Arismendi, who was conspiring with Mariño against Urdaneta and Bermúdez. Bolívar arrived in Angostura on 11 December and, by being conciliatory, defused the plot. He then proposed the merging of New Granada and Venezuela to the congress on 14 December, which was approved. On 17 December, the congress issued a decree creating the Republic of 2419: 359: 1964:. All Royalist forces remaining in Venezuela were eliminated by August 1823. Bolívar entered Caracas in triumph on 29 June, and issued a decree on 16 July dividing Venezuela into three military zones governed by Páez, Bermúdez, and Mariño. Bolívar then met with the Congress of Cúcuta, which had ratified the formation of Gran Colombia and elected him as president and Santander as vice president in September. Bolívar accepted and was sworn in on 3 October, although he protested the establishment of a precedent of military leaders as head of the Colombian state. 4205: 1349:

Guaira on 6 July. Believing the republic to be doomed, Miranda decided to capitulate, shocking Bolívar and other Republican officers. After formally surrendering his command to Monteverde on 25 July, Miranda made his way to La Guaira, where a group of officers including Bolívar arrested Miranda on 30 July on charges of treason against the republic. La Guaira declared for the Royalists the next day and closed its port on Monteverde's orders. Miranda was taken into Spanish custody and moved to a prison in Cádiz, where he died on 16 July 1816.

1028: 1477: 2172: 773: 1218:, a political organization advocating for independence from Spain, Bolívar and Miranda campaigned for and secured the latter's election to the congress. The congress first met on 2 March 1811 and declared its allegiance to Ferdinand VII. After it was discovered that one of the men leading the congress was a Spanish agent who had escaped with military documents, however, discourse – which Bolívar was prominent in – changed decidedly in favor of independence over 3 and 4 July. Finally, on 5 July, the congress 2340:, a Bolívar loyalist and the governor of New Granada, called a meeting of the city's elite that denounced the Convention of Ocaña and called on Bolívar to assume absolute power in Colombia. Bolívar returned to Bogotá on 24 June and on 27 August assumed supreme power as the "president-liberator" of Colombia, abolished the office of the vice president, and assigned Santander to a diplomatic posting in Washington, D.C. On 25 September 1828, a group of young liberals that included Santander's secretary made 2024: 1179:. Subsequent meetings produced no recognition or concrete support from Britain. Finding that he had many shared beliefs with Miranda, however, Bolívar convinced him to come back to Venezuela. On 22 September 1810, Bolívar left for Venezuela while López and Bello remained in London as diplomats, and arrived in La Guaira on 5 December. Although the British government wanted Miranda to remain in Britain, they could not prevent his departure, and he arrived in Venezuela later in December. 2280:

sentences. As he approached Bogotá, Bolívar was met by Santander, who hoped to persuade Bolívar to his cause in the conflict with Páez. Although Santander was annoyed at Bolívar for his desire to return to power and ratify a version of the Bolivian constitution in Colombia, they reconciled and agreed that Bolívar would resume the presidency of Colombia; congress had reelected them to a second four-year term beginning on 2 January 1827. Bolívar arrived in Bogotá on 14 November 1826.

3851: 14835: 15954: 14818: 1188: 15882: 15894: 15870: 16016: 15930: 14845: 15999: 15942: 1511:, a Venezuelan Republican who had fought Monteverde in the east throughout 1813 and was unwilling to subordinate himself to Bolívar. Venezuela was economically devastated and could not support the republic's armies, and people of color remained disenfranchised and thus unsupportive of the republic. The republic was assailed from all sides by slave revolts and Royalist forces, especially the Legion of Hell, an army of 15982: 15906: 1429:, outlining what he believed to be the causes of the Venezuelan republic's defeat and his political program. In particular, Bolívar called for the disparate New Granadan republics to help him invade Venezuela to prevent a Royalist invasion of New Granada. Bolívar arrived on the Magdalena River on 21 December and, in spite of orders from Labatut to not act without his direction, launched 15858: 2043:, the wife of a British merchant, with whom he began a lasting affair. From Quito, Bolívar traveled to Guayaquil in anticipation of a meeting with San Martín to discuss the city's status and to rally support for its annexation by Colombia. When San Martín arrived in Guayaquil on 26 July, Bolívar had already secured Guayaquil for Colombia, and the two-day 801:, on the northern coast of Spain, in May 1799. A little over a week later, he arrived in Madrid and joined Esteban, who found Bolívar to be "very ignorant." Esteban asked Gerónimo Enrique de Uztáriz y Tovar, a Caracas native and government official, to educate Bolívar. Bolívar moved into Uztáriz's residence in February 1800 and was educated in the 2431:

July, Bolívar was informed that Sucre had been assassinated near Pasto while en route to Quito, and wrote to Flores to ask him to avenge Sucre. In September, Urdaneta installed a conservative government in Bogotá and asked Bolívar to return, but he refused. With his health deteriorating and no ship forthcoming, Bolívar was moved by his staff to

1960:, he learned that Royalist-controlled Maracaibo had defected to Colombia and been occupied by Urdaneta. La Torre protested to Bolívar, who refused to return Maracaibo, leading to a renewal of hostilities on 28 April. Over May and June, Colombia's armies made rapid progress until, on 24 June, Bolívar and Páez decisively defeated La Torre at the 1082:, Bolívar returned to Philadelphia and sailed for Venezuela, where he arrived in June 1807. He began to meet with other creole elites to discuss independence from Spain. Finding himself to be far more radical than the rest of Caracas high society, however, Bolívar occupied himself with a property dispute with a neighbor, 1379:. Bolívar and Casa León convinced Francisco Iturbe, a friend of the Bolívar family and of Monteverde, to intercede on Bolívar's behalf and secure escape from Venezuela for him. Iturbe persuaded Monteverde to issue Bolívar a passport for his role in Miranda's arrest, and on 27 August he sailed for the island of 1465:, ordering the death of all Spaniards in South America not actively aiding his forces. Within six months, Bolívar pushed all the way to Caracas, which he entered on 6 August, and then drove Monteverde out of Venezuela in October. Bolívar returned to Caracas on 14 October and was named "The Liberator" ( 2430:

Determined to go into exile, Bolívar, who had given away or lost his fortune over his career, sold most of his remaining possessions and departed from Bogotá on 8 May 1830. He traveled down the Magdalena to Cartagena, where he arrived by the end of June to wait for a ship to take him to England. On 1

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in early 1828 to modify the Colombian constitution. The elections for this congress were held in November 1827 and, as Bolívar declined to campaign because he did not wish to be perceived as personally influencing the elections, were very favorable to his political opponents. In January 1828, Bolívar

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On 25 November, Bolívar left Bogotá with an army supplied by Santander and arrived at Puerto Cabello on 31 December, where he issued a general amnesty to Páez and his allies if they submitted to his authority. Páez accepted and in January 1827, Bolívar confirmed Páez's military authority in Venezuela

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On 24 October, Bolívar received a letter from Santander informing him that because he had accepted the dictatorship of Peru the Colombian congress had stripped him of his military and civil authority in favor of Sucre and Santander, respectively. Although indignant and resentful of Santander, Bolívar

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Even with their combined forces, however, Bolívar, Mariño, and Bermúdez could not hold Barcelona. Instead, on 25 March 1817, Bolívar began moving south to join Piar in Guayana, Piar's power base, and establish his own economic and political base there. Bolívar met Piar on 4 April, promoted him to the

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celebrating his return and the amnesty. That amnesty, and clashes over Santander's handling of Colombia's finances, caused a break between Bolívar and Santander that became an open enmity in 1827. In February 1827, Bolívar submitted his resignation from the Presidency of Colombia, which its congress

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in March. News of the mutiny and its consequences arrived in Colombia in March and was followed by orders from Spain to Morillo to publicize the constitution and negotiate a peace that would return Colombia to the Spanish Empire. Bolívar and Morillo, seeking to gain leverage over each other, delayed

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Day, 1819, Bolívar left Angostura to direct campaigns against Royalist forces along the Caribbean coasts of Venezuela and New Granada. He met with Santander in Bogotá in March 1820, then rode to Cúcuta and inspected Republican forces in northern Colombia over April and May 1820. Meanwhile, Morillo's

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Bolívar returned to Haiti by early September, where Pétion again agreed to assist him. In his absence, the Republican leaders scattered across Venezuela, concentrating in the Llanos, and became disunited warlords. Unwilling to recognize Mariño's leadership, Arismendi wrote to Bolívar and dispatched

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In early 1825, Bolívar resigned from his offices in Colombia and Peru, but neither nation's congress accepted his resignation; on 10 February 1825, the Peruvian congress extended his dictatorship for another year. Accepting the extension, Bolívar settled into governing Peru and passing reforms that

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on 13 August. As a condition of assuming command of the Republican forces, Miranda had Bolívar stripped of his command of a militia unit. Bolívar nonetheless fought in the Valencia campaign as part of del Toro's militia and was selected by Miranda to bring news of its recapture to Caracas, where he

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Throughout his political career, Bolívar concerned himself with the construction of liberal democracy in Latin America and the region's place in the Atlantic world. By the 1820s, his goal was to create a federation of Latin American republics in Spanish America, each governed by a strong executive

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on 20 December 1830. In 1842, Páez secured the repatriation of Bolívar's remains, which were paraded through Caracas and then laid to rest in its cathedral in December together with his wife and parents; Bolívar's heart remained in Santa Marta. His remains were moved again in October 1876 into the

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on 16 March. He escaped assassination by Spanish infiltrators in April. Illness and additional Republican defeats obliged Bolívar to return to Angostura in May. For the rest of the year, he focused on administering the republic, rebuilding its armed forces, and organizing elections for a national

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Initial historical evaluations of Bolívar were at first negative, consisting of criticism of his conduct of the war, execution of Piar, betrayal of Miranda, and authoritarianism. These and other criticisms endure in studies of Bolívar. Beginning in 1842, however, popular opinion about Bolívar in

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Bolívar arrived at Puerto Cabello on 4 May 1812. On 30 June, an officer of the fort's garrison loyal to the Royalists released its prisoners, armed them, and turned its cannons on Puerto Cabello. Weakened by shelling, defections, and lack of supplies, Bolívar and his remaining troops fled for La

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Bolívar is the preeminent symbol of Latin America and the focus of what could seem almost unrivaled posthumous attention, seen from his own times forward as a force now for liberalism or other forms of modernity, now for old regime values and authoritarianism, now for a mix of the two, with the

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devastated Republican Venezuela; Caracas itself was almost totally destroyed. Bolívar, who was still near Caracas, rushed into the city to participate in the rescue of survivors and exhumation of the dead. The earthquake destroyed public support for the republic, as it was believed to have been

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Bolívar arrived in Spain in December 1803, then traveled to Madrid to console his father-in-law. In March 1804, the municipal authorities of Madrid ordered all non-residents in the city to leave to alleviate a bread shortage brought about by Spain's resumed hostilities with Britain. Over April,

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whom he viewed as both a motherly and fatherly figure. On 6 July 1792, María de la Concepción also died of tuberculosis. Believing that his family would inherit the Bolívars' wealth, Feliciano Palacios arranged marriages for María Antonia and Juana and, before dying on 5 December 1793, assigned

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In the aftermath of the attempted coup, Santander and the conspirators were arrested. Bolívar, depressed and ill, considered resigning from politics and pardoning the conspirators, but was dissuaded from this by his officers. Padilla, though uninvolved with the attempted coup, was executed for

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Bolívar arrived in Guayaquil on 13 September 1826 and heard complaints against Santander's governance from the people of Guayaquil and Quito, who declared him their dictator. From Ecuador, he continued north and heard more complaints, promoted civil and military officers, and commuted prison

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Styled as Liberator President of the Republic of Colombia, Liberator of Peru, and Charged with the Supreme Command of it. The term "president" was not in common use at the time of Bolívar's designation. Whether this then makes Bolívar not the first president is a minor source of academic

1625:, on 14 May 1815 and, as in his earlier exile on Curaçao, ruminated on the fall of the Venezuelan and New Granadan republics. He wrote extensively, requesting assistance from Britain and corresponding with merchants based in the Caribbean. This culminated in September 1815 with the 1876:. On 10 August, Bolívar entered Bogotá, which the Spanish officials had hastily abandoned, and captured the viceregal treasury and armories. After sending forces to secure Republican control of central New Granada, Bolívar paraded through Bogotá on 18 September with Santander. 2093:

In November 1823, Riva Agüero, who plotted with the Royalists against Bolívar, was betrayed by his officers to Bolívar and exiled from Peru. While Bolívar was bedridden with fever over the first two months of 1824, Tagle defected to the Royalists with the garrison and city of

723:. In June 1795, Bolívar fled his uncle's custody for the house of his sister María Antonia and her husband. The couple sought formal recognition of his change of residence, but the Real Audiencia decided the matter in favor of Palacios, who sent Simón to live with Rodríguez. 1717:) on 2 May. Meanwhile, Mariño went east to reestablish his power base and on 8 May convened a congress of ten men, including Brión and Zea, that named Mariño as supreme commander of the Republican forces. This backfired and provoked the defection of 30 officers, including 2098:

and briefly took Lima. In response, the Peruvian congress named Bolívar dictator of Peru on 10 February 1824. Bolívar moved to northern Peru in March and began assembling an army. His repeated demands for additional men and money strained his relationship with Santander.

2395:. In November, Bolívar ordered the council to cease its planning; instead they resigned. Venezuelans, encouraged by a circular letter Bolívar had published in October, voted to secede from Colombia. On 15 January 1830, Bolívar arrived in Bogotá and on 20 January the 2069:

asked Bolívar several times in 1823 to assume command of their forces. Bolívar responded by sending an army under Sucre to assist, then delayed his own departure to Peru until he obtained permission from the Colombian congress on 3 August. When Bolívar arrived in

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and Peru, and Bolívar feared San Martín would absorb Ecuador into Peru. In October 1821, after congress empowered him to secure Ecuador for Colombia, Bolívar assembled an army in Bogotá that departed on 13 December 1821. His advance was halted by illness and a

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as Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios on 30 July. The first of Bolívar's family to have emigrated to the Americas was a similarly named minor Spanish governmental official named Simón de Bolívar, who had been a notary in the Spanish

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In his final years, Bolívar became increasingly disillusioned with the South American republics, and distanced from them because of his centralist ideology. He was successively removed from his offices until he resigned the presidency of Colombia and died of

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After two months there, the Real Audiencia directed that he be returned to the Palacios family home. Bolívar promised the Real Audiencia that he would focus on his education and was subsequently taught full-time by Rodríguez and the Venezuelan intellectuals

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From Potosí, Bolívar traveled to Chuquisaca and appointed Sucre to govern Bolivia on 29 December 1825; he departed for Peru on 1 January 1826. Bolívar arrived in Lima on 10 February and dispatched his draft of the Bolivian constitution to Sucre on 12 May.

3980:. He has been memorialized across the world in literature, public monuments, and historiography, and paid tribute to in the names of towns, cities, provinces, and other people. The Quinta near Santa Marta has been preserved as a museum to Bolívar and 589:, and who had later arrived in Venezuela in the 1580s. The earlier Simón de Bolívar's descendants had served in the colonial bureaucracy and had married into various wealthy Caracas families over the years. By the time Simón Bolívar was born, the 2301:

was joined in Bogotá by Sáenz, but on 16 March 1828 he left the capital after being informed of a Spanish-backed rebellion in Venezuela. As that revolt was crushed before he arrived, Bolívar turned his attention to the occupation of Cartagena by

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Over the rest of 1822, Bolívar traveled around Ecuador to complete its annexation while dispatching officers to suppress repeated rebellions in Pasto and resisting calls to return to Bogotá or Venezuela. Meanwhile, Royalist forces under general

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The three delegates first met Miranda at his London residence, despite instructions from the Supreme Junta to avoid him, and thereafter received the benefit of his connections and consultation. On 16 July 1810, the Venezuelan delegation met the

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throughout Latin America; the nations of Bolivia and Venezuela (as the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela) are named after him, and he has been memorialized all over the world in the form of public art or street names and in popular culture.

1140:, Bolívar and his brother returned to the city and offered their services to the Supreme Junta as diplomats. In May 1810, Juan Vicente was sent to the United States to buy weapons, while Simón secured a place in a diplomatic mission to 876:, one of his generals and biographers, that he swore to never remarry. By July 1803, Bolívar had decided to leave Venezuela for Europe. He entrusted his estates to an agent and his brother and in October boarded a ship bound for Cádiz. 14480: 14467: 1656:

Returning to Les Cayes, Bolívar held a conference with the Republican leaders in Haiti and was made supreme leader with Mariño as his chief of staff. The Republicans departed Les Cayes for Venezuela on 31 March 1816 and followed the

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was beginning in the Llanos, Bolívar met with his officers and revealed his intention to invade and liberate New Granada from Royalist occupation, which he had prepared for by sending Santander to build up Republican forces in

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and racial equality, and relinquished civil authority to the congress. On 16 February, the congress elected Bolívar as president and Zea as vice president. On 27 February, Bolívar left Angostura to rejoin Páez in the west and

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in 1819. Bolívar and his allies defeated the Spanish in New Granada in 1819, Venezuela and Panama in 1821, Ecuador in 1822, Peru in 1824, and Bolivia in 1825. Venezuela, New Granada, Ecuador, and Panama were merged into the

1296:... I climbed over the ruins and entered, and I immediately saw about forty persons dead or dying under the rubble. I climbed out again and I shall never forget that moment. On the top of the ruins I found Don Simón Bolívar 1116:, the Captain-General of Venezuela, and were arrested. Bolívar, though he did not sign the petition and thus was not arrested, was warned to cease hosting or attending seditious meetings. In May 1809, Casas was replaced by 2480:

set up a commission to investigate his claim that Bolívar had been poisoned by "New Granada traitors." The commission exhumed Bolívar's remains on 16 July 2010. The results, made public on 26 July 2011, were inconclusive;

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In early March 1813, Bolívar set up his headquarters in Cúcuta and sent José Félix Ribas to request permission to invade Venezuela. Though rewarded with honorary citizenship in New Granada and a promotion to the rank of

2364:. He left behind a council of ministers led by Urdaneta to govern Colombia and announced that a congress would convene in January 1830 to devise a new constitution. Over 1829, Obando was defeated by Colombian general 1131:

for Ferdinand VII. This news, and two delegates that included Carlos de Montúfar, arrived in Venezuela on 17 April 1810. Two days later, the creoles succeeded in deposing and then expelling Emparán, and created the

1552:, declared Bolívar and Mariño to be traitors and forced them to return to the mainland. There, Ribas also accused Bolívar and Mariño of treachery, confiscated the treasure, and then exiled the two on 8 September. 12778: 570: 4230:

Biographers disagree on the exact date Miranda arrived in Venezuela in December 1810. Arana says 10 December, Lynch says 11 December, Masur and Langley say 12 December, Slatta and de Grummond say 13 December.

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for six weeks. His change of focus allowed the Royalist forces to regain control of the Magdalena. On 8 May, Bolívar made a truce with del Castillo, resigned his command, and sailed for self-exile on

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Bolívar departed Venezuela to return to Bogotá in July 1827. He arrived on 10 September with an army he had gathered at Cartagena and secured the calling of a new congress to meet at the city of

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Venezuela became overwhelmingly positive and eventually became what has been described by scholars as the "cult of Bolívar", led by succeeding heads of the Venezuelan state. In 1998, President

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by a mutual friend. Bolívar and Pétion impressed and befriended each other and, after Bolívar pledged to free every slave in the areas he occupied, Pétion gave him money and military supplies.

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in early August. Angostura became the provisional Republican capital and in September, Bolívar began creating formal political and military structures for the republic. Following a meeting at

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treason for his earlier rebellion; Santander, whom Bolívar thought responsible for the plot, was pardoned but exiled from Colombia. In December 1828, Bolívar left Bogotá to respond to Peru's

1229:. It had a weak base of support and enemies in conservative whites, disenfranchised people of color, and the already hostile Venezuelan provinces, which received troops and supplies from the 12801: 1112:, sought to form their own local government in place of the existing Spanish government. On 24 November 1808, a group of creoles presented a petition demanding an independent government to 812:, her previous favorite, returned to power. As members of Mallo's faction at court, Esteban was arrested on pretense, and Bolívar was banished from court following a public incident at the 622: 14662: 14519: 14233: 1705:

and pursued to Barcelona by a larger Royalist force. At Bolívar's request, Mariño arrived on 8 February with Bermúdez, who then reconciled with Bolívar, and forced a Royalist withdrawal.

1453:, that permission did not come until 7 May because of del Castillo's opposition to the invasion. When a limited invasion was permitted, Castillo resigned his command and was succeeded by 14441: 13877: 1568: 2447: 612: 14259: 13200: 12823: 644: 14246: 14181: 14155: 13115: 12767: 4260: 4021: 3936:

and its Royalist leanings during the wars of independence, he sought to co-opt its social capital for the benefit of the republics he established rather than dismember the Church.

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convened in the city. Bolívar submitted his resignation from the presidency, which the congress did not accept until 27 April, following the appointment of New Granadan politician

1525:. Beginning in February 1814, Boves surged out of the Llanos and overwhelmed the republic, occupying Caracas on 16 July and then destroying Mariño's powerbase on 5 December at the 1242: 559: 13022: 2233: 1988:. Pasto and Quito were Royalist strongholds, while Guayaquil had declared its independence on 9 October 1820 and had been garrisoned by Sucre on Bolívar's orders in January 1821. 1358: 14935: 14920: 14142: 2079: 881: 14493: 14220: 13041: 2243:

was ratified with modification by the Bolivian congress in July 1826. Peru, whose elites chafed at Bolívar's rule and the presence of his soldiers, was also induced to accept

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wrote to him on 10 November to communicate his acquiescence and reoccupied Lima on 5 December 1824. On 9 December, Sucre decisively defeated La Serna's Royalists at the

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on 24 May 1822, and occupied Quito. On 6 June, Pasto surrendered, and ten days later Bolívar paraded through Quito with Sucre. He also met the Ecuadorian Republican

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economic reforms and began to hold elections for representatives to a congress to be held in Caracas. It had also alienated Caracas from the Venezuelan provinces of

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Masur, Langley, and Arana state that Bolívar issued his proclamation of emancipation in early June. Slatta, de Grummond, and Lynch state that it was issued in July.

1925: 1900: 1369: 732: 14753: 3932:, and sought British aid in securing Latin American independence. The extent of Bolívar's religiosity is debated; while Bolívar resented the social capital of the 1306: 1145: 461:. In 1807, Bolívar returned to Venezuela and promoted Venezuelan independence to other wealthy creoles. When the Spanish authority in the Americas weakened due to 11485: 11363: 15573: 12838: 4261:"Ley Disponiendo Que El Ejecutivo Comunique A Bolívar La Abolición De La Constitución Vitalicia Y La Elección De Presidente De La República, 22 de Junio de 1827" 2146: 1939: 659: 11462: 16111: 746:

forced him to go into exile, and Bolívar was enrolled in an honorary militia force. When he was commissioned as an officer after a year, his uncles Carlos and

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succeed Bolívar on his death as King of Colombia. This plan was widely unpopular, and inspired Córdova to launch a revolt that was crushed in October 1829 by

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produced no agreement between Bolívar and San Martín. Ill, politically isolated, and disillusioned, San Martín resigned from his offices and went into exile.

433:) but lost both parents as a child. Bolívar was educated abroad and lived in Spain, as was common for men of upper-class families in his day. While living in 16146: 689:

As a child, Bolívar was notoriously unruly and neglected his studies. Before his mother died, he spent two years under the tutelage of the Venezuelan lawyer

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and his staff, which included Fernando Rodríguez del Toro. The creoles also resisted Emparán's government, despite his friendlier disposition towards them.

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at his request, and then issued an arrest warrant on 23 July after Piar began fomenting rebellion, alleging that Bolívar had dismissed him because of his

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in 1801, Bolívar himself left for Bilbao and remained there when the del Toros returned to the capital in August 1801. Early in 1802, Bolívar traveled to

16136: 11061: 1268: 12756: 590: 1701:, who controlled most of the western Llanos, to unite under his leadership. On 8 January 1817, Bolívar marched towards Caracas but was defeated at the 2261:. On 3 September, responding to pleas for his return to Colombia, Bolívar departed Peru and left it under a governing council led by Bolivian general 1596: 1567:, and was given command of New Granada's armies in January 1815. Bolívar next grappled with del Castillo, who had taken control of Cartagena. Bolívar 11385: 1661:

eastward. After a delay to allow a lover of Bolívar's to join the fleet, it arrived on 2 May at Margarita Island, controlled by Republican commander

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as "at once privileged and deprived." Juan Vicente died of tuberculosis on 19 January 1786, leaving María de la Concepción Palacios and her father,

15558: 12783: 2238: 1826: 575: 512:. After promising to abolish slavery in Spanish America, Bolívar received military support from Pétion and returned to Venezuela. He established a 12946: 1865: 517: 13783: 13180: 11426: 4017: 3879: 1665:. Bolívar next moved to the mainland, where he declared the emancipation of all slaves and annulled of the Decree of War to the Death. He seized 11593: 16171: 16076: 2035:

To the south, Sucre, who had been trapped in Guayaquil by Royalist advances from Quito, now advanced, decisively defeated the Royalists at the

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to face Bolívar. Heavy rainfall in September halted Bolívar's advance, and on 6 October he gave command of the army to Sucre and moved to

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that secured control of the Magdalena River from Royalist forces by 8 January 1813. In February, he joined forces with Republican colonel

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overran western Venezuela. Miranda, retreating east with a disintegrating army, ordered Bolívar to assume command of the coastal city of

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of all Royalist forces in Peru. The garrison of Callao and Olañeta ignored the surrender. Shortly after arriving in Lima, Bolívar began

2087: 16206: 16121: 16101: 15674: 10413: 10134: 4357: 4000:, who had made extensive use of Bolívar's image for government projects and initiatives, changed the official name of Venezuela to the 1560: 13373: 1693:, a Dutch merchant, and arrived ten days later at Barcelona. There, Bolívar announced his return and called for a congress for a new, 123: 15442: 1168: 10038: 3968:

Bolívar has had an immense legacy, becoming the essential personality of Latin America. The currencies of Venezuela and Bolivia—the

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and overthrow his government. The attempt was thwarted by Sáenz, who bought time for Bolívar to escape as the assassins entered the

1005:, and Humboldt again. Rome's sites and history excited Bolívar. On 18 August 1805, when he, del Toro, and Rodríguez traveled to the 84: 16126: 15603: 13254: 11527: 11013: 1238: 481: 13890: 9180: 4352: 16091: 12908: 12028: 3436: 1175:. Led by Bolívar, the Venezuelans argued in favor of Venezuelan independence, which Wellesley stated that it was intolerable for 868:

on 15 June and sailed for La Guaira, where they arrived on 12 July. They settled in Caracas, where del Toro fell ill and died of

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announced that the commission could not prove Chávez's claim. Chávez continued to claim that Bolívar had been assassinated via

1219: 627: 14285: 13842: 10881: 2452: 1629:, in which Bolívar again laid out his ideology and vision of the future of the Americas. On 9 December, the Venezuelan pirate 16086: 16066: 15608: 15465: 12930: 12608: 12576: 12526: 12503: 12480: 12363: 12286: 12260: 12228: 12205: 12178: 12148: 12125: 3587: 3527: 1733:

heritage. Piar was captured on 27 September as he fled to join Mariño and was brought to Angostura, where he was executed by

1022: 654:(born 1781), and Simón – were raised separately from each other and their mother, and, following colonial custom, by African 473: 466: 14428: 13999: 13829: 12451: 11981: 1532:

As Boves approached Caracas, Bolívar ordered the city stripped of its gold and silver, which was moved through La Guaira to

1324:

Beginning in November 1811, Royalist forces began pushing back the Republicans from the north and east. On 26 March 1812, a

16116: 16056: 13306: 13175: 13165: 9974: 4294: 3660: 2197: 11281: 11113: 10547: 9472: 8819: 8127: 5471: 3577: 2060: 1108:. This news arrived in Venezuela in July 1808. Napoleonic rule was rejected and Venezuelan creoles, though still loyal to 358: 16186: 16181: 15970: 15553: 13776: 13247: 12439: 3872: 3730: 3356: 3047: 2473: 2188:

that was managed by Simón Rodríguez. In April 1825, Bolívar began a tour of southern Peru that took him to the cities of

1540:. Bolívar then led 20,000 of its citizens east. He arrived in Barcelona on 2 August, but following another defeat at the 1207: 35: 14402: 12828: 12395:

Racine, Karen. "Simón Bolívar, Englishman: Elite Responsibility and Social Reform in Spanish American Independence". In

11353: 2348:, and the Colombian Army. Bolívar spent the night hiding under a bridge until soldiers loyal to his regime rescued him. 2328:

The convention appeared likely to adopt a federalist system. To prevent this, on 11 June 1828 Bolívar's allies staged a

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that lasted until January 1826, and sent Sucre into Upper Peru to eliminate Olañeta. However, Oleñeta was killed at the

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on 30 January 1818, Páez recognized Bolívar as supreme leader. In February 1818, the Republicans moved north and took

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on 15 February 1819. There, Bolívar gave a speech in which he advocated for a centralized government modeled on the

1737:

on 16 October. Bolívar then sent Sucre to reconcile with Mariño, who pledged loyalty to Bolívar on 26 January 1818.

886: 16191: 16156: 15778: 15684: 14970: 14910: 14874: 13205: 12725: 5383: 5323: 4001: 3981: 3933: 3705: 3376: 2066: 1821: 1230: 681:, respectively. Bolívar came to loathe Carlos Palacios, who had no interest in the boy other than his inheritance. 12583:"La encrucijada del cambio: Simón Bolívar entre dos paradigmas (una reflexión ante la encrucijada postindustrial)" 11237: 10686: 10066: 3617: 2345: 2321: 15798: 15793: 15745: 15628: 15598: 15538: 14610: 14350: 13960: 13278: 12646: 12629:

Racine, Karen. "Simón Bolívar and friends: Recent biographies of independence figures in Colombia and Venezuela"

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While Bolívar was away, Urdaneta and the council of ministers planned with French envoys to have a member of the

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rejected. Meanwhile, the Colombian soldiers garrisoned in Lima mutinied, arrested their Venezuelan officers, and

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on 6 August, driving them out of Peru. Choosing to ignore Olañeta, la Serna ordered his forces to concentrate at

1507:, and Guayana was controlled by Republicans, Bolívar only governed western Venezuela. The east was controlled by 1396: 1088: 860:

Bolívar and del Toro, aged 18 and 21 respectively, were married in Madrid on 26 May 1802. The couple boarded the

586: 493: 14337: 13537: 12428:"Don Gerónimo Enrique de Uztáriz y Tovar. II Marqués de Uztáriz. Protector y maestro de Simón Bolívar en Madrid" 4381: 16201: 16151: 16022: 15578: 15470: 15150: 14838: 14363: 14064: 13921: 13769: 13585: 13567: 13552: 13107: 13099: 12960: 12938: 12197: 11389: 11137: 3865: 2711: 2459: 2353: 1857: 1777: 714: 555: 477: 426: 286: 252: 15260: 15250: 14623: 14532: 14051: 10282: 9891: 7803: 7036: 6960: 3632: 2217: 2151: 1860:

of the Andes on 22 June and began a grueling crossing. On 6 July, the Republicans descended from the Andes at

1637:. Bolívar tentatively accepted and escaped assassination that night when his manservant mistakenly killed his 1042:

By April 1806, Bolívar had returned to Paris and desired passage to Venezuela, where Venezuelan revolutionary

947:... that I will not rest body or soul until I have broken the chains binding us to the will of Spanish might! 537:

in 1830. His legacy is diverse and far-reaching within Latin America and beyond. He is regarded as a hero and

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Gómez Pernia, Alejandro E. "The Liberator's Sword: The Most Precious Relic of the Bolivarian Revolution". In

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Bolívar escaped La Guaira early on 31 July 1812 and rode to Caracas, where he hid from arrest in the home of

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and Andrés Bello by paying for the mission. The trio boarded a British warship in June 1810 and arrived at

918:, and Simón Rodríguez, who joined Bolívar and del Toro in their apartment. While in Paris, Bolívar began a 752: 699: 489: 382:

December 1830) was a Venezuelan statesman and military officer who led what are currently the countries of

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and Cuzco by August. As Bolívar approached Upper Peru, a congress gathered in the city of Chuquisaca (now

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respectively—are named after Bolívar. In the English-speaking world, Bolívar is known as Latin America's

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parties respectively. Bolívar continued to have such a cultural influence in Colombia that in 1974 the

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In February 1821, as Bolívar was traveling from Bogotá to Cúcuta in anticipation of the opening of

1944: 1214:, which professed loyalty to the regency council, and began hostilities with them. Co-founding the 664: 438: 15060: 14975: 14930: 14671: 14515: 14476: 14450: 14424: 14398: 14229: 13820: 12702: 12617: 11419:[Venezuela Exhumes Body of Simón Bolívar to Investigate If He Was Poisoned with Arsenic]. 9831: 9240: 7400: 5038: 2947: 2466: 2184:

were largely not carried out, such as a school system based on the principles of English educator

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brought Bolívar news from New Granada and asked him to join the Republican community in exile in

1333:

for declaring independence from Spain. By April, a Royalist army under the Spanish naval officer

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organized by Bolívar convened without his attendance and produced no change in the hemispheric

2157: 1762: 1698: 1345:, which contained Royalist prisoners and most of the republic's remaining arms and ammunition. 1317: 1258: 1109: 1101: 927: 891:, a childhood friend and relative of his wife, made their way to Paris and arrived in time for 603: 15315: 15070: 13620: 13474: 13147: 10365: 9220: 5923: 2849: 2306: 2168:

serving as his second in command, Sucre completed the liberation of Upper Peru in April 1825.

1852:

Bolívar entered Casanare Province with his army on 4 June 1819, then met up with Santander at

1831: 15375: 15330: 15140: 15105: 15090: 14298: 14255: 13908: 13899: 13715: 13675: 13645: 13331: 13311: 13270: 13131: 13005: 12673: 12170: 11875: 10801: 10659: 10345: 10090: 9763: 9588: 9400: 9340: 8627: 8011: 6984: 3992:"to reward an activity of outstanding merit in accordance with the ideals of Simón Bolívar." 3925: 3780: 3602: 3416: 3297: 2909: 2889: 2799: 2643: 2525: 2401: 1817: 1686: 1522: 1391:

arrived on 1 September. Late in October, the exiles arranged for passage west to the city of

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declared its independence on 28 November 1821 and joined Colombia. Peru had been invaded by

1957: 1669:

on 31 May and sent Mariño and Piar into Guayana to build their own army, then took and held

1555:

Bolívar arrived in Cartagena on 19 September and then met with the New Granadan congress in

1469:) by its town council, a title first given to him by the citizens of the Venezuelan town of 911: 16051: 16046: 15922: 15694: 15270: 15120: 14805: 14606: 14346: 14242: 13956: 13792: 13441: 13139: 12884: 12864: 12692: 11804: 11676: 5174: 4049: 3941: 3897: 3765: 3507: 3446: 2809: 2731: 2638: 2605: 2423: 2205: 2044: 1533: 1043: 1032: 762: 720: 538: 522: 185: 15355: 15245: 15225: 14333: 14177: 14151: 13210: 12582: 7963: 5154: 4032: 2010: 1938:. Bolívar and Morillo signed the treaties on 25 and 26 November, then met the next day at 1300:... He saw me and , "We will fight nature itself if it opposes us, and force it to obey." 1136:, independent from the Spanish regency but not Ferdinand VII. Absent from Caracas for the 1002: 8: 15755: 15548: 14359: 13917: 13590: 13532: 13507: 12993: 12117: 11358: 11041: 10226: 9811: 9620: 9552: 9496: 8936: 8900: 8659: 8431: 6083: 4493: 4441: 3740: 3685: 3607: 3517: 3406: 2919: 2701: 2691: 2686: 2575: 2377: 2316: 2036: 1985: 1849:

and left Páez, Mariño, Urdaneta, and Bermúdez to tie down Morillo's forces in Venezuela.

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at Bolívar's direction in January and then pardoned, while Sucre and Venezuelan general

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as a result of this error. In July, 8,000 Spanish soldiers commanded by Spanish general

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from 1799 to 1804. Bolívar allegedly discussed Spanish American independence with them.

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Initiative for the Integration of the Regional Infrastructure of South America (IIRSA)

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to convince him to return. Bolívar and Zea set sail for Venezuela on 21 December with

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United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC, CEPAL)

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over the wearing of diamonds without royal permission. Bolívar also at this time met

142: 15075: 15065: 15055: 15030: 14955: 14915: 14580: 14411: 13670: 13123: 12596:. Caracas: Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Comunicación y la Información, 2009. 11417:"Exhuman el cadáver de Simón Bolívar para investigar si fue envenenado con arsénico" 3102: 2560: 2418: 1887:, including the regions of Venezuela, New Granada, and the still Spanish-controlled 1845:

in August 1818. On 27 May, Bolívar marched with more than 2,000 soldiers toward the

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from 6 to 14 July, when it was recaptured by the Royalists. Bolívar fled by sea to

1614: 1545: 1499:, which retained the weaknesses of the first republic. Though all of Venezuela but 1211: 1105: 1063: 813: 15035: 14073: 13969: 13720: 13630: 10198: 6103: 4855: 3147: 3057: 2435:

in October and then, at the invitation of a Spanish landowner in the area, to the

2284:

and entered Caracas with him to much jubilation; for two months, Bolívar attended

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Safford, Frank. "Bolívar as Triumphal State Maker and Despairing "Democrat"". In

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and into the plains of New Granada. After a brief convalescence, the Republicans

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near Santa Marta. There, on 17 December 1830, at the age of 47, Bolívar died of

2171: 2122: 1771:. Bolívar next advanced towards Caracas, but was defeated while en route at the 1713:, and then joined a force of Piar's troops besieging the city of Angostura (now 772: 728: 15910: 15898: 15874: 15395: 15370: 15210: 15195: 15170: 14632: 13725: 12999: 12912: 12896: 12469:

Bolívar's Afterlife in the Americas: Biography, Ideology, and the Public Sphere

9795: 3909: 3785: 3512: 3478: 3277: 3267: 3222: 3182: 3177: 3122: 3112: 3107: 3092: 3022: 3007: 2992: 2982: 2894: 2794: 2784: 2774: 2221: 2074:, Peru's capital, on 1 September, Peru was split between two rival presidents, 1630: 1626: 1415: 1338: 1097: 705: 595: 462: 430: 407: 299: 15365: 15345: 14372: 12560: 12322: 10619: 9060: 8155: 7432: 7312: 7284: 7136: 6732: 4016:, an insurgent leftist group that later joined an alliance thereof called the 3997: 3077: 2477: 1544:

on 17 August 1814, he moved to Cumaná. On 26 August, he sailed with Mariño to

872:

on 22 January 1803. Bolívar was devastated by del Toro's death and later told

843: 16035: 15934: 15486: 15400: 15385: 15025: 14723: 14645: 14567: 14190: 14164: 13750: 13542: 13517: 13360: 13049: 12447: 12330: 11696: 11588: 11305: 10997: 10933: 10865: 10741: 10531: 10515: 10456: 9954: 9723: 9691: 9572: 9148: 9108: 9044: 9016: 8587: 8503: 8399: 8239: 8175: 8087: 7715: 7603: 4727: 4597: 4461: 4326: 4004:. In Colombia, allegiance or opposition to Bolívar formed the bedrock of the 3905: 3893: 3622: 3456: 3426: 3336: 3242: 3237: 3212: 3192: 3032: 2904: 2879: 2854: 2839: 2829: 2814: 2769: 2535: 2511: 1880: 1745: 1583: 1203: 1133: 1113: 1079: 1071: 998: 840:

while he awaited permission to return to Madrid, which was granted in April.

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Bolívar's death has been the subject of conspiracy theories advanced by the

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Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar Palacios Ponte y Blanco

42: 12603:. London: University of London Institute of Latin American Studies, 1983. 11712: 10397: 5971: 5719: 5671: 5559: 5439: 5239: 5118: 5002: 4986: 4938: 4613: 4529: 3984:

was opened as a museum and archive of his papers on 5 July 1921. In 1978,

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in the 4th century BC, Bolívar swore to end Spanish rule in the Americas.

865: 15946: 15618: 14775: 14749: 14710: 14554: 14541: 13239: 12404:

Jaksic, Iván. "Simón Bolívar and Andrés Bello: The Republican Ideal". In

12252: 12105: 11660: 8415: 4954: 4819: 3921: 3770: 3307: 3247: 3197: 3142: 2937: 2869: 2595: 2590: 2310: 1949:. After this meeting, Morillo turned his command over to Spanish general 1891:, and elected Bolívar and Zea president and vice president respectively. 1587: 1549: 1279:

argued for more punitive and forceful campaigning against the Royalists.

1237:. On 13 July 1811, the republic raised militias to fight the pro-Spanish 977:. The trio arrived on 26 May 1805 and witnessed Napoleon's coronation as 825: 655: 269: 13761: 11764: 3850: 2208:, and asked him to write a constitution for Bolivia. Bolívar arrived in 1677:

where, on 22 August, he was deposed by Mariño and Venezuelan Republican

1666: 1641:

as part of a Spanish plot. He left Jamaica eight days later, arrived in

1604: 1123:

By February 1810, French victories in Spain prompted the dissolution of

824:

in August 1800, but were separated when the del Toros left Madrid for a

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custody of Juan Vicente and Simón to his sons, Juan Félix Palacios and

450: 12571:(Second edition). Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. 11931: 11608: 10725: 7004: 1915:

talks until 21 November, when Colombian and Royalist delegates met in

1380: 798: 15783: 15623: 14859: 14801: 12634: 12613: 12495: 12064: 11453:"Hugo Chávez Claims Simón Bolívar Was Murdered Not Backed by Science" 11157: 9707: 9092: 8731: 7907: 5599: 4076:

as Supreme Political and Military Authority of the Peruvian Republic.

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against la Serna. Bolívar seized the opportunity to advance into the

2023: 1972:

After the Battle of Carabobo, Bolívar turned his attention south, to

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against the Royalists. They arrived in November and were welcomed by

1187: 982: 790: 766: 387: 12305:

Armillas-Tiseyra, Magalí (Fall 2013). "Introduction: Dislocations".

6591: 5815: 2209: 1674: 1564: 1537: 1442: 1292:... I saw the church of San Jacinto collapse on its own foundations. 15669: 15593: 13577: 12904: 11935: 11522: 5086: 3127: 2884: 2648: 2585: 2189: 2134: 1884: 1753: 1658: 1492: 1267:

later in July, the congress replaced del Toro with Miranda, and he

990: 957:

In April 1805, Bolívar left Paris with Rodríguez and del Toro on a

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Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR)

15420: 11354:"Chávez, Assailed on Many Fronts, Is Riveted by 19th-Century Idol" 7452: 6928: 6047: 5755: 5074: 4673: 4671: 794: 11221: 10472: 10266: 9875: 9384: 9164: 8920: 8843: 8691: 8647: 8451: 8315: 7679: 7579: 6944: 6323: 6307: 6279: 5499: 5455: 4362: 2446:

Bolívar's body, dressed in a borrowed shirt, was interred in the

2329: 2201: 1981: 1730: 1579: 1513: 1055: 1046:

had just attempted an invasion with American volunteers. British

821: 551: 501: 422: 403: 391: 248: 46: 15574:

Forum for the Progress and Integration of South America (PROSUR)

12710: 11740: 7196: 6868: 6703: 6575: 6495: 6479: 6267: 2324:

through which Bolívar escaped assassination on 25 September 1828

2220:, who tried without success to convince him to intervene in the 11977: 6123: 6007: 5227: 4711: 4668: 4549: 4513: 3985: 2804: 2333: 2095: 1989: 1518: 1075: 986: 833: 829: 758: 434: 399: 11863: 5943: 5907: 5275: 5211: 4922: 4839: 4767: 4683: 4121: 3955:

debate over the meaning of his figure having no end in sight.

1601:, which capitulated on 6 December; del Castillo was executed. 15964: 15699: 12515:

Simón Bolívar: Travels and Transformations of a Cultural Icon

12356:

Simón Bolívar: Essays on the Life and Legacy of the Liberator

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against Morillo, albeit ineffectively. In May, as the annual

1634: 1556: 974: 962: 837: 602:

Simón Bolívar's childhood was described by British historian

505: 12076: 10446: 10444: 10335: 10333: 9920: 9918: 9681: 9679: 8866: 8864: 8862: 4178: 4130: 820:, the daughter of another wealthy Caracas creole. They were 529:), with Bolívar as president there and in Peru and Bolivia. 15543: 15513:

United States involvement in regime change in Latin America

14894: 6722: 6720: 6718: 6619: 6443: 6339: 4166: 2071: 1563:. On 12 December, Bolívar captured Cundinamarca's capital, 1137: 994: 966: 844:

Return to Venezuela and second journey to Europe: 1802–1805

832:. After Uztáriz left Madrid for a government assignment in 621:

over the Bolívar children's inheritances. Those children –

465:, Bolívar became a zealous combatant and politician in the 454: 395: 11996: 4109: 2376:

in February, leading to an armistice in July and then the

1899:

military and political position was fatally undermined by

808:

At the same time, Mallo fell out of the Queen's favor and

742:. In 1797, Rodríguez's connection to the pro-independence 508:, Bolívar met and befriended Haitian revolutionary leader 15741:

Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean (CAF)

12377:

Collier, Simon. "Simón Bolívar as Political Thinker". In

11792: 11518:"Venezuela Hero Simón Bolívar 'Death Tests' Inconclusive" 10441: 10385: 10330: 9915: 9676: 9608: 9460: 8859: 8771: 8719: 8491: 8227: 8055: 7851: 7388: 7364: 7300: 7272: 7236: 6667: 4293:(in Spanish). Santa Cruz de la Sierra. 19 December 2011. 4172: 4115: 1548:

with the treasure. The officer in control of the island,

1191:

Oil on canvas "Terremoto de 1812", by Venezuelan painter

15559:

Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC)

12569:

The Emergence of Latin America in the Nineteenth Century

11648: 11486:"Venezuela Unable to Determine Cause of Bolívar's Death" 6715: 6511: 6467: 6295: 4289:[Debate Ignites over Simón Bolívar's Position]. 1967: 1856:, on 11 June. The combined Republican force reached the 1645:

on 24 December, and on 2 January 1816 was introduced to

1054:, however, obliged Bolívar to board an American ship in 783:

On 19 January 1799, Bolívar boarded the Spanish warship

12386:

Ewell, Judith. "Bolívar's Atlantic Word Diplomacy". In

12137:

Simón Bolívar: Venezuelan Rebel, American Revolutionary

12052: 11636: 7376: 5959: 2247:

of Bolívar's constitution on 16 August. In Venezuela,

1352: 1198:

While Bolívar was in England, the Supreme Junta passed

11932:"Venezuela Honors Simón Bolívar's Lover Manuela Saenz" 11780: 11752: 11728: 11624: 6255: 5201: 5199: 5197: 4638: 4636: 4561: 3484: 15846: 12513:

Shanahan, Maureen G.; Reyes, Ana Maria, eds. (2017).

11954: 11839: 11829: 11827: 10693:(in Spanish). Government of Bolivia. 19 December 1825 9783: 8956: 7591: 7060: 6383: 5707: 4287:"Se enciende el debate por el cargo de Simón Bolívar" 4187: 4140: 2065:. After initially refusing Colombian assistance, the 1872:

until, on 7 August, the Royalists were routed at the

1767:, who had returned to Venezuela a year earlier after 1605:

Jamaica, Haiti, Venezuela, and New Granada: 1815–1819

27:

Venezuelan statesman and military officer (1783–1830)

12215:

Slatta, Richard W.; de Grummond, Jane Lucas (2003).

7352: 6655: 6455: 6243: 6231: 6219: 4175: 4169: 4163: 4127: 4118: 4112: 4106: 1901:

the mutiny of Spanish soldiers in Cádiz on 1 January

1879:

Desiring to merge New Granada and Venezuela into a "

16142:

People of the Spanish American wars of independence

13216:

List of places and things named after Simón Bolivar

12651:(In Spanish) –12,000+ transcribed documents of the 11911: 11851: 6607: 5635: 5411: 5351: 5291: 5194: 5062: 4974: 4807: 4699: 4633: 4409: 4160: 4103: 1395:to offer their services as military leaders to the 12626:, Vol. III. New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1858. 12354:Bushnell, David; Langley, Lester D., eds. (2008). 12189: 12162: 12109: 11824: 10691:Gaceta Oficial del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia 4481: 1930:on 25 November, establishing a six-month truce, a 1425:While en route to his posting, Bolívar issued the 1288:... and the earth began to shake with a huge roar. 1225:The declaration of independence created the first 708:in Caracas. In 1793, Carlos enrolled Bolívar at a 449:in 1803. From 1803 to 1805, Bolívar embarked on a 429:into a wealthy family of American-born Spaniards ( 12425: 12214: 12070: 12034: 11901: 11881: 11331: 11291: 11247: 11207: 11183: 11143: 11123: 11071: 11047: 11023: 11003: 10983: 10959: 10943: 10891: 10871: 10851: 10811: 10787: 10751: 10715: 10669: 10645: 10605: 10557: 10537: 10521: 10501: 10466: 10423: 10355: 10312: 10288: 10256: 10236: 10204: 10184: 10144: 10120: 10100: 10076: 10048: 10012: 9984: 9940: 9901: 9861: 9837: 9821: 9773: 9749: 9729: 9697: 9650: 9630: 9598: 9582: 9558: 9526: 9506: 9482: 9446: 9426: 9410: 9370: 9350: 9326: 9306: 9250: 9226: 9190: 9158: 9134: 9114: 9050: 9022: 9002: 8978: 8946: 8886: 8829: 8793: 8757: 8709: 8697: 8669: 8653: 8637: 8617: 8573: 8553: 8529: 8513: 8477: 8437: 8405: 8373: 8357: 8341: 8305: 8285: 8265: 8217: 8201: 8181: 8137: 8113: 8077: 8041: 8021: 7993: 7969: 7929: 7913: 7889: 7869: 7837: 7813: 7789: 7765: 7741: 7705: 7665: 7649: 7629: 7609: 7585: 7565: 7526: 7506: 7474: 7410: 7338: 7318: 7290: 7258: 7218: 7202: 7182: 7162: 7142: 7126: 7102: 7046: 7026: 6990: 6970: 6894: 6854: 6838: 6818: 6798: 6774: 6758: 6709: 6689: 6637: 6561: 6533: 6433: 6405: 6377: 6357: 6273: 6205: 6189: 6165: 6145: 6093: 6069: 6029: 6013: 5993: 5977: 5933: 5893: 5873: 5837: 5801: 5781: 5741: 5725: 5693: 5677: 5657: 5621: 5585: 5565: 5545: 5521: 5481: 5445: 5429: 5393: 5369: 5333: 5309: 5265: 5245: 5233: 5184: 5164: 5144: 5124: 5092: 5080: 5048: 5024: 5008: 4992: 4944: 4908: 4793: 4677: 4658: 4603: 4583: 4555: 4499: 4451: 4431: 4391: 4221:, and that is the pronunciation in the recording. 1744:to Bolívar's forces, which gained control of the 1697:. He wrote to the Republican leaders, especially 16033: 12304: 11869: 2212:on 5 October and met with two Argentine agents, 1016: 899:on 18 May 1804. They rented an apartment on the 685:Education and first journey to Europe: 1793–1802 15604:Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) 12414: 12405: 12396: 12387: 12378: 12353: 12097: 11584:"Why Venezuela's Chávez Dug Up Bolívar's Bones" 11451:Phillips, Tom; Lopez, Virginia (26 July 2011). 2164:prior to Sucre's arrival. With Irish volunteer 1725:, to Bolívar. On 30 June, Bolívar granted Piar 922:with the Countess Dervieu du Villars, at whose 593:was one of the wealthiest and most prestigious 55: and the second or maternal family name is 15584:Latin American Integration Association (ALADI) 2313:to monitor its proceedings through his aides. 1062:, in January 1807, and from there traveled to 852:Wedding of Bolívar and del Toro as painted by 757:decided to send Bolívar to join the latter in 30:"Bolívar" redirects here. For other uses, see 16112:Burials at the National Pantheon of Venezuela 15809:United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA) 15529:Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO) 15436: 14875: 13777: 13255: 13231: 12726: 12541: 12512: 11450: 3873: 16147:People of the Venezuelan War of Independence 12539: 12082: 11551:"Building a New History by Exhuming Bolívar" 10687:"Decreto Supremo de 29 de diciembre de 1825" 3892:Bolívar's personal beliefs were liberal and 2309:opened on 9 April, Bolívar based himself at 1521:, to the south – led by the Spanish warlord 15609:Organization of Ibero-American States (OEI) 15544:Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas (ALBA) 12561:The Liberator, Simón Bolívar: Man and Image 2102:In May 1823, conservative Royalist general 1786: 1559:, which tasked him with subduing the rival 910:and met with other South Americans such as 599:(creole) families in the Spanish Americas. 155:10 February 1824 – 27 January 1827 16137:People of the Peruvian War of Independence 15779:Caribbean Free Trade Association (CARIFTA) 15675:Central America-4 Border Control Agreement 15554:Central American Integration System (SICA) 15443: 15429: 14882: 14868: 14844: 13784: 13770: 13269: 13262: 13248: 12733: 12719: 11974:"International UNESCO/Simón Bolívar Prize" 4358:Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 4018:Simón Bolívar Guerrilla Coordinating Board 3880: 3866: 1561:Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca 550:Simón Bolívar was born on 24 July 1783 in 500:in 1815, Bolívar was forced into exile on 83: 13791: 13181:Statue of Simón Bolívar, Washington, D.C. 12489: 12239: 11386:"Bolívar and Chávez, a Worthy Comparison" 10589: 10577: 10450: 10339: 10220: 10168: 9924: 9685: 9670: 9614: 9546: 9466: 9214: 9086: 9038: 8870: 8813: 8777: 8725: 8685: 8497: 8393: 8233: 8061: 7857: 7546: 7494: 7426: 7394: 7370: 7306: 7278: 7242: 6726: 6625: 6517: 6449: 6345: 6301: 5965: 2360:and a revolt in Popayán and Pasto led by 2268: 1414:, who instructed his commanding general, 198:6 August 1825 – 29 December 1825 113:16 February 1819 – 27 April 1830 15629:Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) 12794:María Teresa Rodríguez del Toro y Alaysa 12779:María de la Concepción Palacios y Blanco 12275:El Libertador: Writings of Simón Bolívar 12269: 12249:The Bolívarian Revolution: Simón Bolívar 5505: 2417: 2315: 2170: 2022: 1790: 1608: 1491:On 2 January 1814, Bolívar was made the 1475: 1186: 1026: 847: 818:María Teresa Rodríguez del Toro y Alaysa 771: 761:. There, Esteban was friends with Queen 571:María de la Concepción Palacios y Blanco 545: 443:María Teresa Rodríguez del Toro y Alaysa 437:from 1800 to 1802, he was introduced to 322:María Teresa Rodríguez del Toro y Alaysa 13374:Estanislao Vergara y Sanz de Santamaría 12601:Simón Bolívar and the Age of Revolution 12492:War and Independence in Spanish America 12412: 12376: 12134: 12058: 12042: 12018: 11885: 11786: 11770: 11758: 11746: 11734: 11722: 11682: 11630: 11614: 11581: 11446: 11444: 11191: 11103: 11079: 11031: 10923: 10899: 10431: 10320: 10296: 10152: 10128: 10056: 9992: 9841: 9198: 9070: 8165: 8145: 8001: 7973: 7897: 7817: 7773: 7729: 7530: 7478: 7462: 7442: 7226: 6994: 6938: 6645: 6541: 6537: 6413: 6333: 6317: 6289: 6261: 6149: 6113: 6037: 5713: 5489: 5433: 5401: 5341: 5168: 5108: 5052: 4757: 4737: 4717: 4623: 4607: 4539: 4519: 4503: 4471: 4455: 4415: 4399: 3437:Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch 2422:Bolívar's death, by Venezuelan painter 2291:occupied Guayaquil until September 1827 1953:and departed for Spain on 17 December. 1910:, which forced Ferdinand VII to accept 1182: 336: 1802; died 1803) 124:Estanislao Vergara y Sanz de Santamaría 14: 16034: 14889: 12432:Presente y Pasado: Revista de Historia 12403: 12394: 11718: 11690: 11654: 11618: 11548: 11351: 4031:alleged to belong to Bolívar from his 2020:in southern Colombia on 7 April 1822. 1868:against the forces of Spanish colonel 516:in 1817 and then crossed the Andes to 16172:Venezuelan people of Canarian descent 16077:19th-century deaths from tuberculosis 15599:Organization of American States (OAS) 15579:Latin American Economic System (SELA) 15539:Association of Caribbean States (ACS) 15466:Spanish American wars of independence 15424: 14863: 13765: 13243: 13230: 12714: 12567:Bushnell, David and Macaulay, Neill. 12426:Cardozo Uzcátegui, Alejandro (2011). 12385: 12246: 12187: 12157: 12104: 12046: 12038: 12022: 12014: 12002: 11960: 11929: 11905: 11889: 11845: 11818: 11814: 11810: 11798: 11774: 11706: 11702: 11686: 11670: 11666: 11642: 11483: 11414: 11366:from the original on 12 November 2012 11339: 11335: 11319: 11315: 11311: 11299: 11295: 11287: 11275: 11271: 11267: 11255: 11251: 11243: 11231: 11227: 11215: 11211: 11195: 11187: 11179: 11167: 11163: 11151: 11147: 11131: 11127: 11119: 11107: 11099: 11095: 11083: 11075: 11067: 11055: 11051: 11035: 11027: 11019: 11007: 10991: 10987: 10979: 10967: 10963: 10955: 10939: 10927: 10919: 10915: 10903: 10895: 10887: 10875: 10859: 10855: 10847: 10835: 10831: 10827: 10815: 10807: 10795: 10791: 10783: 10771: 10767: 10763: 10747: 10735: 10731: 10719: 10711: 10673: 10665: 10653: 10649: 10641: 10629: 10625: 10613: 10609: 10601: 10565: 10561: 10553: 10541: 10525: 10509: 10505: 10497: 10482: 10478: 10462: 10435: 10427: 10419: 10407: 10403: 10391: 10379: 10375: 10371: 10359: 10351: 10324: 10316: 10300: 10292: 10276: 10272: 10260: 10252: 10240: 10232: 10208: 10192: 10188: 10180: 10156: 10148: 10140: 10124: 10116: 10104: 10096: 10084: 10080: 10072: 10060: 10052: 10044: 10032: 10028: 10024: 10008: 9996: 9988: 9980: 9968: 9964: 9960: 9948: 9944: 9936: 9909: 9905: 9897: 9885: 9881: 9869: 9865: 9857: 9845: 9825: 9817: 9805: 9801: 9789: 9777: 9769: 9757: 9753: 9745: 9733: 9717: 9713: 9701: 9658: 9654: 9646: 9634: 9626: 9602: 9594: 9578: 9566: 9562: 9534: 9530: 9522: 9510: 9502: 9490: 9486: 9478: 9454: 9450: 9442: 9430: 9414: 9406: 9394: 9390: 9378: 9374: 9366: 9354: 9346: 9334: 9330: 9322: 9310: 9294: 9290: 9286: 9274: 9270: 9266: 9254: 9246: 9234: 9230: 9202: 9194: 9186: 9174: 9170: 9154: 9142: 9138: 9130: 9118: 9102: 9098: 9074: 9066: 9054: 9026: 9010: 9006: 8998: 8986: 8982: 8974: 8962: 8950: 8942: 8930: 8926: 8914: 8910: 8906: 8894: 8890: 8882: 8853: 8849: 8837: 8833: 8825: 8801: 8797: 8789: 8765: 8761: 8753: 8741: 8737: 8713: 8673: 8665: 8641: 8633: 8621: 8613: 8601: 8597: 8593: 8581: 8577: 8569: 8557: 8549: 8537: 8533: 8525: 8509: 8485: 8481: 8473: 8461: 8457: 8445: 8441: 8425: 8421: 8409: 8381: 8377: 8361: 8345: 8337: 8325: 8321: 8309: 8293: 8289: 8281: 8269: 8253: 8249: 8245: 8221: 8213: 8197: 8185: 8169: 8161: 8149: 8141: 8133: 8121: 8117: 8101: 8097: 8093: 8081: 8073: 8049: 8045: 8037: 8025: 8017: 8005: 7997: 7989: 7977: 7957: 7953: 7949: 7937: 7933: 7925: 7901: 7893: 7885: 7873: 7845: 7841: 7833: 7821: 7809: 7797: 7793: 7777: 7769: 7761: 7749: 7745: 7725: 7721: 7709: 7701: 7689: 7685: 7673: 7669: 7653: 7637: 7633: 7625: 7613: 7597: 7573: 7569: 7561: 7534: 7514: 7510: 7482: 7458: 7446: 7438: 7414: 7406: 7382: 7358: 7346: 7342: 7334: 7322: 7294: 7266: 7262: 7254: 7230: 7222: 7214: 7190: 7186: 7178: 7166: 7158: 7146: 7130: 7122: 7110: 7106: 7098: 7086: 7082: 7078: 7066: 7054: 7050: 7042: 7030: 7014: 7010: 6998: 6978: 6974: 6966: 6954: 6950: 6934: 6922: 6918: 6914: 6902: 6898: 6890: 6878: 6874: 6862: 6858: 6842: 6834: 6822: 6814: 6802: 6794: 6782: 6778: 6762: 6746: 6742: 6738: 6697: 6693: 6685: 6673: 6661: 6649: 6641: 6613: 6601: 6597: 6585: 6581: 6569: 6565: 6557: 6545: 6529: 6505: 6501: 6489: 6485: 6473: 6461: 6437: 6429: 6417: 6409: 6401: 6389: 6373: 6361: 6329: 6313: 6285: 6249: 6237: 6225: 6213: 6209: 6193: 6185: 6173: 6169: 6153: 6133: 6129: 6117: 6109: 6097: 6089: 6077: 6073: 6057: 6053: 6041: 6033: 6025: 6001: 5997: 5981: 5953: 5949: 5937: 5929: 5917: 5913: 5901: 5897: 5881: 5877: 5861: 5857: 5853: 5841: 5825: 5821: 5809: 5805: 5789: 5785: 5777: 5765: 5761: 5749: 5745: 5729: 5701: 5697: 5681: 5665: 5661: 5653: 5641: 5629: 5625: 5609: 5605: 5593: 5589: 5581: 5569: 5553: 5549: 5541: 5529: 5525: 5509: 5493: 5485: 5477: 5465: 5461: 5449: 5417: 5405: 5397: 5389: 5377: 5373: 5357: 5345: 5337: 5329: 5317: 5313: 5297: 5285: 5281: 5269: 5261: 5249: 5221: 5217: 5205: 5188: 5180: 5160: 5148: 5140: 5128: 5112: 5104: 5068: 5056: 5044: 5032: 5028: 5012: 4996: 4980: 4968: 4964: 4960: 4948: 4932: 4928: 4916: 4912: 4904: 4892: 4888: 4884: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4849: 4845: 4833: 4829: 4825: 4813: 4801: 4797: 4789: 4777: 4773: 4761: 4753: 4741: 4733: 4721: 4705: 4693: 4689: 4662: 4654: 4642: 4627: 4619: 4591: 4587: 4579: 4567: 4543: 4535: 4523: 4507: 4487: 4475: 4467: 4447: 4435: 4427: 4403: 4395: 4387: 4297:from the original on 14 February 2023 4216: 4198: 3588:1946 Italian institutional referendum 3528:Spanish American wars of independence 1968:Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia: 1821–1826 981:. From Milan, they traveled down the 467:Spanish-American wars of independence 16177:Venezuelan people of Spanish descent 15971: 13307:Felipe de Vergara Azcarate y Caycedo 12466: 12297: 11917: 11857: 11833: 11441: 4345: 4309: 2125:, where he defeated Canterac at the 1353:New Granada and Venezuela: 1812–1815 1058:in October 1806. Bolívar arrived in 658:; Simón was raised by a slave named 476:in 1810 as a militia officer in the 16167:Venezuelan people of Basque descent 15450: 12440:University of the Andes (Venezuela) 3962:Bolívar's Afterlife in the Americas 3357:The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates 2495: 2474:United Socialist Party of Venezuela 2413: 2332:, leaving the convention without a 997:, where Bolívar met, among others, 934:, who had traveled through much of 558:, the fourth and youngest child of 24: 15508:Inter-American Commission of Women 13166:Bust of Simón Bolívar, Houston, TX 12635:https://doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12608 12564:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1970. 12552: 11498:from the original on 28 March 2023 11429:from the original on 28 March 2022 10786:, pp. 407, 414–415, 423–426; 3940:and a constitution modeled on the 3904:; among his favorite authors were 1795:Equestrian portrait of Bolívar by 1783:congress that would meet in 1819. 1457:. On 14 May, Bolívar launched the 1125:the anti-French Spanish government 805:, literature, and social studies. 25: 16218: 16207:Viceroyalty of New Granada people 16122:Venezuelan independence activists 16102:Anti-imperialism in South America 15665:CARICOM Single Market and Economy 15639:United States Pirate Party (USPP) 13055:International Simón Bolívar Prize 12943:Spanish reconquest of New Granada 12740: 12640: 11984:from the original on 13 June 2023 11596:from the original on 2 April 2023 11530:from the original on 2 April 2023 11465:from the original on 2 April 2023 11352:Forero, Juan (23 February 2008). 3990:International Simón Bolívar Prize 2462:in Caracas, created that year by 2448:Cathedral Basilica of Santa Marta 2342:an attempt to assassinate Bolívar 2056:overwhelmed the Peruvian republic 1769:conquering Republican New Granada 1284:I left my house for the Cathedral 1231:Captaincy-Generals of Puerto Rico 1220:declared Venezuela's independence 16014: 15997: 15980: 15952: 15940: 15928: 15916: 15904: 15892: 15880: 15868: 15856: 15685:Eastern Caribbean Currency Union 15409: 14843: 14834: 14833: 14816: 13350: 12454:from the original on 31 May 2022 11966: 11942:from the original on 31 May 2022 11923: 11575: 11542: 11510: 11477: 11408: 11392:. 11 August 2011. Archived from 11378: 11345: 10679: 4233: 4224: 4156: 4099: 4002:Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela 3849: 3377:Discourses Concerning Government 1023:Military career of Simón Bolívar 357: 16127:Tuberculosis deaths in Colombia 15799:Free Trade Area of the Americas 15794:Economic Partnership Agreements 15746:Inter-American Development Bank 13279:United Provinces of New Granada 13176:Statue of Simón Bolívar, London 12217:Simón Bolívar's Quest for Glory 12092: 11549:Romero, Simon (3 August 2010). 3643:Barbadian Republic Proclamation 2437:Quinta de San Pedro Alejandrino 2249:Páez revolted against Santander 2200:the region to be the nation of 1397:United Provinces of New Granada 1011:the plebs had seceded from Rome 494:United Provinces of New Granada 333: 16092:19th-century Venezuelan people 15471:Decolonization of the Americas 13023:Constitution of Bolivia (1826) 12961:Ecuadorian War of Independence 12939:Venezuelan War of Independence 12802:María Antonia Bolívar Palacios 12221:Texas A&M University Press 12198:University of New Mexico Press 11484:Gupta, Girish (26 July 2011). 11390:Council on Hemispheric Affairs 4279: 4253: 4089: 4079: 4067: 3982:the house in which he was born 3578:1935 Greek coup d'état attempt 3558:German Revolution of 1918–1919 2460:National Pantheon of Venezuela 2372:defeated the Peruvians at the 2253:a congress of American nations 2082:, and the Royalists under the 926:he likely met the naturalists 556:Captaincy General of Venezuela 478:Venezuelan War of Independence 427:Captaincy General of Venezuela 410:. He is known colloquially as 287:National Pantheon of Venezuela 253:Captaincy General of Venezuela 36:Simón Bolívar (disambiguation) 13: 1: 16072:19th-century Colombian people 15549:Caribbean Community (CARICOM) 13830:José María Pérez de Urdininea 12824:Juan Vicente Bolívar Palacios 12415:Bushnell & Langley (2008) 12406:Bushnell & Langley (2008) 12397:Bushnell & Langley (2008) 12388:Bushnell & Langley (2008) 12379:Bushnell & Langley (2008) 12071:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 12045:, pp. 109–110, 119–120; 12035:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 11902:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 11882:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 11582:Padgett, Tim (17 July 2010). 11415:Lopez, Jaime (17 July 2010). 11332:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 11292:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 11248:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 11208:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 11198:, pp. 427–430, 432, 435. 11184:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 11154:, pp. 414–417, 424, 426. 11144:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 11124:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 11078:, pp. 237–238, 240–241; 11072:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 11048:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 11024:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 11004:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10990:, pp. 229–230, 232–233; 10984:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10982:, pp. 437–438, 444–445; 10960:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10944:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10892:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10872:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10852:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10812:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10794:, pp. 213–215, 222–223; 10788:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10752:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10716:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10670:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10646:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10606:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10558:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10538:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10522:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10502:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10467:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10424:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10356:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10313:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10289:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10257:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10237:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10205:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10185:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10145:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10121:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10101:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10077:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10049:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 10013:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9985:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9941:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9902:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9862:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9838:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9822:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9774:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9750:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9730:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9698:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9651:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9631:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9599:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9583:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9559:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9527:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9507:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9483:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9447:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9427:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9411:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9371:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9351:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9327:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9307:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9251:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9227:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9191:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9159:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9135:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9115:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9051:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9023:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 9003:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8979:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8947:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8887:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8830:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8794:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8758:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8710:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8698:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8670:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8654:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8638:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8618:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8574:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8554:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8530:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8514:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8478:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8438:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8406:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8374:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8358:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8342:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8306:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8286:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8266:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8218:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8202:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8182:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8138:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8114:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8078:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8042:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 8022:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7994:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7970:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7930:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7914:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7890:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7870:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7838:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7814:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7790:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7766:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7742:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7706:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7666:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7650:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7630:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7610:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7586:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7566:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7529:, pp. 100–104, 106–112; 7527:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7507:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7475:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7411:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7339:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7319:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7291:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7259:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7219:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7203:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7183:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7163:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7143:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7127:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7103:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7047:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 7027:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6991:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6971:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6895:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6855:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6839:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6819:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6799:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6775:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6759:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6710:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6690:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6638:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6562:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6534:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6434:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6406:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6378:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6358:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6274:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6206:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6190:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6166:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6146:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6094:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6070:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6030:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 6014:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5994:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5978:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5934:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5894:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5874:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5838:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5802:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5782:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5742:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5726:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5694:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5678:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5658:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5622:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5586:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5566:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5546:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5522:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5482:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5446:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5430:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5394:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5370:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5334:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5310:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5266:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5246:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5185:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5165:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5145:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5125:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5049:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5025:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 5009:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4993:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4945:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4909:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4794:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4678:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4659:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4604:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4584:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4556:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4500:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4452:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4432:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4392:Slatta & de Grummond 2003 4060: 2476:. In January 2008, President 2137:to manage political affairs. 1807: 1542:Battle of Aragua de Barcelona 1098:invaded the Iberian peninsula 1017:Political and military career 952:Simón Bolívar, 15 August 1805 492:Venezuelan republics and the 445:, who died in Venezuela from 378:July 1783 – 17 16087:19th-century Peruvian people 16067:19th-century Bolivian people 13538:Santiago Pérez de Manosalbas 13412:Francisco de Paula Santander 13389:Francisco de Paula Santander 13116:Bolívar, a Tropical Symphony 13081:The General in His Labyrinth 12971:Bolivian War of Independence 12966:Peruvian War of Independence 12873:Francisco de Paula Santander 12768:Juan Vicente Bolívar y Ponte 12358:. Rowman & Littlefield. 12247:Brown, Matthew, ed. (2009). 12098:Biographies of Simón Bolívar 11086:, pp. 393–394, 396–403. 7537:, pp. 156–159, 163–164. 3828:Republic without republicans 3573:11 September 1922 Revolution 3568:Mongolian Revolution of 1921 1881:greater republic of Colombia 1497:Second Republic of Venezuela 1455:Francisco de Paula Santander 1243:Francisco Rodríguez del Toro 1102:replaced the rulers of Spain 969:, they traveled through the 560:Juan Vicente Bolívar y Ponte 459:Spanish rule in the Americas 457:, where he swore to end the 45:, the first or paternal 7: 16117:Guerrilla warfare theorists 16057:Presidents of Gran Colombia 15736:Central American Parliament 13206:Birthplace of Simón Bolívar 13201:Karl Marx and Simón Bolívar 13028:Constitution of Peru (1826) 12581:Gómez Martínez, José Luis. 12542:Shanahan & Reyes (2017) 12519:University Press of Florida 12490:McFarlane, Anthony (2014). 12135:Langley, Lester D. (2009). 12112:Bolívar: American Liberator 11930:Grant, Will (5 July 2010). 4038: 3563:Turkish War of Independence 3485: 2483:Vice President of Venezuela 1936:basic rights for combatants 882:Fernando Rodríguez del Toro 719:run by Venezuelan educator 10: 16223: 16187:Venezuelan Roman Catholics 16182:Venezuelan revolutionaries 15731:Caribbean Development Bank 15726:Caribbean Court of Justice 15680:Central America-4 passport 15481:North American integration 15476:Latin American integration 13596:Manuel Antonio Sanclemente 13513:Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera 13503:Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera 13480:Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera 13427:Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera 13317:Manuel de Bernardo Álvarez 4322:Collins English Dictionary 3618:1970 Cambodian coup d'état 3367:The Commonwealth of Oceana 2272: 2166:Francisco Burdett O'Connor 2031:by Marco Salas Yepes, 1960 1978:Free Province of Guayaquil 1919:. The delegates completed 1870:José María Barreiro Manjón 1463:Decree of War to the Death 1435:Manuel del Castillo y Rada 1335:Juan Domingo de Monteverde 1078:. After six months in the 1060:Charleston, South Carolina 1020: 744:Gual and España conspiracy 710:rudimentary primary school 539:national and cultural icon 421:Simón Bolívar was born in 63: 40: 29: 16082:19th-century male writers 15817: 15769: 15761:South American Parliament 15751:Latin American Parliament 15708: 15647: 15521: 15458: 15407: 14901: 14829: 14814: 14737:Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada 14698:Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada 14503:Luis Adolfo Siles Salinas 13803: 13799: 13576: 13495:United States of Colombia 13493: 13485:Ignacio Gutierrez Vergara 13455: 13402: 13361:Republic of Gran Colombia 13359: 13348: 13277: 13237: 13232:Links to related articles 13193: 13158: 13091: 13072: 13063: 13040: 13015: 12986: 12979: 12947:Liberation of New Granada 12929: 12854: 12755: 12749:Family and contemporaries 12748: 12699: 12690: 12680: 12671: 12666: 12661: 12323:10.2979/globalsouth.7.2.1 11817:, pp. 259–262, 276; 11491:Christian Science Monitor 11126:, pp. 277, 281–284; 10958:, pp. 435–436, 443; 10652:, pp. 195–196, 199; 10628:, pp. 195–196, 208; 10556:, pp. 378–379, 383; 10143:, pp. 331, 338–341; 10075:, pp. 328, 330–331; 10055:, pp. 171, 178–179; 8828:, pp. 235–237, 243; 8556:, pp. 153–154, 156; 7888:, pp. 184–185, 190; 4215:is pronounced as Spanish 3947: 3791:The Emperor's New Clothes 3543:5 October 1910 revolution 3538:French Revolution of 1848 2561:Liberty as non-domination 2106:, based in the region of 1996:led by Argentine general 1818:congress met in Angostura 1773:Third Battle of La Puerta 1461:, in which he issued the 1359:Esteban Fernández de León 1241:. The congress appointed 1165:British foreign secretary 748:Esteban Palacios y Blanco 695:Real Audiencia of Caracas 608:Feliciano Palacios y Sojo 463:Napoleon's Peninsular War 406:to independence from the 365: 353: 343: 315: 292: 282: 259: 235: 230: 226: 214: 202: 191: 183: 171: 159: 148: 141: 129: 117: 106: 98: 94: 89:Posthumous portrait, 1922 82: 75: 14763:Eduardo Rodríguez Veltzé 14282:José Luis Tejada Sorzano 13706:Julio César Turbay Ayala 13636:Pedro Nel Ospina Vázquez 13548:Julián Trujillo Largacha 13465:Mariano Ospina Rodríguez 13447:Mariano Ospina Rodríguez 13297:Antonio Nariño y Álvarez 13171:Simón Bolívar (Tadolini) 12623:New American Cyclopaedia 12467:Conn, Robert T. (2020). 12315:Indiana University Press 12188:Masur, Gerhard (1969) . 12141:Rowman & Littlefield 11749:, pp. 15–19, 25–27. 11302:, pp. 448, 450–454. 10994:, pp. 376–378, 388. 10970:, pp. 362, 372–373. 10438:, pp. 320, 326–328. 10382:, pp. 315, 317–318. 9808:, pp. 138–139, 168. 9493:, pp. 248, 253–254. 4246: 4200:[siˈmomboˈliβaɾ] 3902:Enlightenment philosophy 3633:1987 Fijian coups d'état 3593:1952 Egyptian revolution 2571:Political representation 1787:Gran Colombia: 1819–1830 1685:New Granadan Republican 1401:Manuel Rodríguez Torices 1134:Supreme Junta of Caracas 1050:resulting from the 1805 706:Spanish court of appeals 693:at the direction of the 672:Carlos Palacios y Blanco 439:Enlightenment philosophy 64:Not to be confused with 32:Bolívar (disambiguation) 16192:Venezuelan nationalists 16157:Presidents of Venezuela 15804:G3 Free Trade Agreement 15569:Contadora support group 13701:Alfonso López Michelsen 13696:Misael Pastrana Borrero 13686:Guillermo León Valencia 13616:Carlos Eugenio Restrepo 13611:Ramón González Valencia 13558:Francisco Javier Zaldúa 13457:Granadine Confederation 13417:José Ignacio de Márquez 13404:Republic of New Granada 13337:Liborio Mejía Gutiérrez 13302:Luis de Ayala y Vergara 12592:Lacroix, Luis Perú de. 12279:Oxford University Press 11709:, pp. 78, 244–249. 3613:1969 Libyan coup d'état 3397:Discourse on Inequality 2546:Consent of the governed 2389:Daniel Florence O'Leary 2354:intervention in Bolivia 2175:Portrait of Bolívar by 1889:Real Audiencia of Quito 1679:José Francisco Bermúdez 1663:Juan Bautista Arismendi 1613:Portrait of Bolívar by 1405:Free State of Cartagena 1177:Anglo-Spanish relations 1127:in favor of a five-man 1084:Antonio Nicolás Briceño 496:. After Spanish forces 15534:Andean Community (CAN) 14961:Gutiérrez de la Fuente 13944:José Miguel de Velasco 13887:José Miguel de Velasco 13861:José Miguel de Velasco 13839:José Miguel de Velasco 13731:Andrés Pastrana Arango 13691:Carlos Lleras Restrepo 13681:Alberto Lleras Camargo 13661:Alfonso López Pumarejo 13656:Eduardo Santos Montejo 13651:Alfonso López Pumarejo 13422:Pedro Alcántara Herrán 13342:Fernando Serrano Uribe 13271:Presidents of Colombia 12917:Alexander von Humboldt 12813:Juana Bolívar Palacios 12648:Archivo del Libertador 12240:Works by Simón Bolívar 11689:, pp. 38–39, 47; 7509:, pp. 85–87, 97; 5234:Cardozo Uzcátegui 2011 5093:Cardozo Uzcátegui 2011 5081:Cardozo Uzcátegui 2011 4055:Crown of Simón Bolívar 4014:19th of April Movement 3957: 2427: 2410:as interim President. 2338:Pedro Alcántara Herrán 2325: 2303:José Prudencio Padilla 2275:Septembrine Conspiracy 2269:Final years: 1826–1830 2218:José Miguel Díaz Vélez 2214:Carlos María de Alvear 2180: 2080:José Bernardo de Tagle 2076:José de la Riva Agüero 2032: 1912:a liberal constitution 1813: 1618: 1517:– the horsemen of the 1488: 1302: 1195: 1110:Ferdinand VII of Spain 1039: 949: 928:Alexander von Humboldt 857: 780: 305:Venezuelan (1813–1819) 166:José Bernardo de Tagle 16202:Congress of Angostura 16152:Presidents of Bolivia 15830:Pan-American Congress 14672:Víctor Paz Estenssoro 14516:Alfredo Ovando Candía 14477:Alfredo Ovando Candía 14451:Víctor Paz Estenssoro 14425:Víctor Paz Estenssoro 14399:Mamerto Urriolagoitía 14256:Carlos Blanco Galindo 14230:Felipe Segundo Guzmán 14204:José Gutiérrez Guerra 13909:Mariano Enrique Calvo 13821:Antonio José de Sucre 13793:Presidents of Bolivia 13716:Virgilio Barco Vargas 13676:Gustavo Rojas Pinilla 13646:Enrique Olaya Herrera 13601:José Manuel Marroquín 13332:Antonio Villavicencio 13327:José Fernández Madrid 13312:Camilo Torres Tenorio 12980:Politics and ideology 12703:Antonio José de Sucre 12674:President of Colombia 12594:Diario de Bucaramanga 12171:Yale University Press 12165:Simón Bolívar: A Life 12037:, pp. 305, 308; 11870:Armillas-Tiseyra 2013 10830:, pp. 421, 426; 10770:, pp. 209, 211; 10406:, pp. 368, 370; 10051:, pp. 228, 230; 9908:, pp. 146, 168; 9804:, pp. 302, 319; 9289:, pp. 277, 280; 9253:, pp. 193, 195; 8552:, pp. 211, 213; 7013:, pp. 107, 112; 5496:, pp. 54, 57–58. 3952: 3781:Criticism of monarchy 3603:North Yemen civil war 3417:The Federalist Papers 2712:Federal parliamentary 2467:Antonio Guzmán Blanco 2421: 2346:Palacio de San Carlos 2322:Palacio de San Carlos 2319: 2174: 2104:Pedro Antonio Olañeta 2026: 1940:Santa Ana de Trujillo 1794: 1758:they defeated Morillo 1723:Antonio José de Sucre 1687:Francisco Antonio Zea 1612: 1479: 1383:. He and his uncles' 1282: 1227:Republic of Venezuela 1190: 1096:In 1807–08, Napoleon 1030: 941: 897:Emperor of the French 874:Louis Peru de Lacroix 851: 775: 546:Early life and family 308:Colombian (from 1819) 255:, Spanish Empire 221:Antonio José de Sucre 101:President of Colombia 15695:Interoceanic Highway 14607:Lidia Gueiler Tejada 14347:Gualberto Villarroel 14243:Hernando Siles Reyes 13957:Manuel Isidoro Belzu 13874:Andrés de Santa Cruz 13666:Mariano Ospina Pérez 13641:Miguel Abadía Méndez 13578:Republic of Colombia 13563:José Eusebio Otalora 13092:Films and television 12909:Marquis de Lafayette 12865:Francisco de Miranda 12693:President of Bolivia 12655:, from 1799 to 1830. 12587:Cuadernos Americanos 12196:(Revised ed.). 12118:Simon & Schuster 12041:, pp. 299–304; 12017:, pp. 281–283; 12005:, pp. 455, 458. 11904:, pp. 303–304; 11821:, pp. 447, 450. 11705:, pp. 181–182; 11669:, pp. 412–414; 11338:, pp. 300–301; 11334:, pp. 295–301; 11298:, pp. 275–278; 11294:, pp. 290–291; 11290:, pp. 485–487; 11270:, pp. 483–484; 11258:, pp. 440, 449. 11254:, pp. 274–275; 11246:, pp. 481–482; 11210:, pp. 272–273; 11190:, pp. 270–272; 11186:, pp. 287–289; 11182:, pp. 472–476; 11150:, pp. 262–266; 11146:, pp. 286–287; 11130:, pp. 253–259; 11122:, pp. 460–464; 11102:, pp. 241–242; 11098:, pp. 456–458; 11082:, pp. 102–103; 11074:, pp. 276–280; 11070:, pp. 451–456; 11030:, pp. 233–236; 11026:, pp. 275–276; 11022:, pp. 445–447; 10986:, pp. 273–274; 10922:, pp. 227–228; 10918:, pp. 433–435; 10898:, pp. 225–226; 10890:, pp. 430–431; 10858:, pp. 218–219; 10854:, pp. 268–269; 10850:, pp. 427–428; 10790:, pp. 265–267; 10738:, pp. 348, 350. 10718:, pp. 261–262; 10714:, pp. 391–392; 10668:, pp. 388–390; 10644:, pp. 386–388; 10612:, pp. 194–195; 10608:, pp. 256–257; 10604:, pp. 381–382; 10564:, pp. 194–195; 10560:, pp. 252–256; 10430:, pp. 191–193; 10426:, pp. 247–250; 10422:, pp. 372–375; 10378:, pp. 186–187; 10374:, pp. 364–366; 10315:, pp. 243–244; 10291:, pp. 243–244; 10259:, pp. 242–243; 10255:, pp. 354–356; 10211:, pp. 305, 308. 10191:, pp. 175–176; 10187:, pp. 240–241; 10183:, pp. 343–345; 10151:, pp. 173–175; 10147:, pp. 235–237; 10083:, pp. 171–172; 10031:, pp. 170–171; 10011:, pp. 325–326; 9987:, pp. 226–227; 9939:, pp. 323–325; 9864:, pp. 224–225; 9840:, pp. 213–215; 9772:, pp. 313–314; 9756:, pp. 145–146; 9748:, pp. 308–310; 9716:, pp. 141–142; 9657:, pp. 139–140; 9653:, pp. 218–220; 9649:, pp. 304–307; 9597:, pp. 302–303; 9529:, pp. 209–210; 9489:, pp. 136–137; 9485:, pp. 204–209; 9481:, pp. 292–297; 9445:, pp. 291–292; 9433:, pp. 134, 136. 9429:, pp. 201–202; 9413:, pp. 200–201; 9353:, pp. 197–198; 9333:, pp. 132–133; 9329:, pp. 196–197; 9325:, pp. 282–283; 9237:, pp. 235, 237. 9197:, pp. 128–130; 9193:, pp. 188–193; 9189:, pp. 268–273; 8981:, pp. 180–181; 8977:, pp. 255–258; 8913:, pp. 120–122; 8909:, pp. 246–253; 8836:, pp. 116–117; 8832:, pp. 174–180; 8792:, pp. 234–235; 8760:, pp. 171–172; 8756:, pp. 231–232; 8740:, pp. 113–114; 8620:, pp. 158–160; 8616:, pp. 217–218; 8572:, pp. 213–214; 8536:, pp. 103–104; 8484:, pp. 102–103; 8476:, pp. 207–208; 8424:, pp. 208–209; 8376:, pp. 146–147; 8360:, pp. 151–152; 8344:, pp. 150–151; 8268:, pp. 147–148; 8220:, pp. 141–144; 8216:, pp. 198–200; 8140:, pp. 141–142; 8136:, pp. 197–198; 8116:, pp. 137–138; 8080:, pp. 131–132; 8076:, pp. 194–195; 8020:, pp. 192–193; 7892:, pp. 124–127; 7836:, pp. 173–174; 7812:, pp. 170–171; 7768:, pp. 113–114; 7764:, pp. 168–170; 7744:, pp. 111–113; 7708:, pp. 110–111; 7704:, pp. 165–166; 7652:, pp. 108–109; 7628:, pp. 161–162; 7409:, pp. 138–139; 7337:, pp. 122–123; 7181:, pp. 119–120; 7125:, pp. 118–119; 7101:, pp. 116–117; 7045:, pp. 113–115; 7033:, pp. 129, 132. 6969:, pp. 105–106; 6917:, pp. 104–105; 6893:, pp. 103–104; 4050:Toussaint Louverture 3942:British constitution 3766:Classical radicalism 3508:Republic of Florence 3447:Democracy in America 2606:Separation of powers 2581:Public participation 2424:Antonio Herrera Toro 2263:Andrés de Santa Cruz 2045:Guayaquil Conference 1958:a new congress there 1797:José Hilarión Ibarra 1536:, and from there to 1534:Barcelona, Venezuela 1529:, where Boves died. 1486:Martín Tovar y Tovar 1445:from the Royalists. 1370:Marquis de Casa León 1183:Venezuela: 1811–1812 1044:Francisco de Miranda 1037:Martín Tovar y Tovar 1033:Francisco de Miranda 733:Francisco de Andújar 523:Republic of Colombia 518:liberate New Granada 416:Liberator of America 186:President of Bolivia 16197:Venezuelan soldiers 16162:Venezuelan generals 16132:People from Caracas 15756:Mercosur Parliament 15291:Bustamante y Rivero 14951:Salazar y Baquíjano 13621:José Vicente Concha 13591:Miguel Antonio Caro 13533:Manuel Murillo Toro 13508:Manuel Murillo Toro 13475:Juan José Nieto Gil 13065:Cultural depictions 12994:Cartagena Manifesto 12073:, pp. 305–306. 12049:, pp. 460–463. 11801:, pp. 285–286. 11773:, pp. 16, 18; 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Two days later, 2326: 2320:The window of the 2245:a modified version 2181: 2177:José Gil de Castro 2143:Battle of Ayacucho 2033: 1998:José de San Martín 1962:Battle of Carabobo 1951:Miguel de la Torre 1822:British government 1814: 1750:San Juan de Payara 1703:Battle of Clarines 1619: 1592:besieged Cartagena 1489: 1459:Admirable Campaign 1331:divine retribution 1196: 1104:with his brother, 1040: 943:I swear before you 916:Vicente Rocafuerte 912:Carlos de Montúfar 858: 781: 779:of Bolívar in 1800 777:Miniature portrait 209:Office established 66:Simone de Beauvoir 15844: 15843: 15838: 15837: 15721:Bank of the South 15716:Andean Parliament 15418: 15417: 14936:Bernardo de Tagle 14921:Bernardo de Tagle 14857: 14856: 14825: 14824: 14334:Enrique Peñaranda 14217:Bautista Saavedra 14178:Eliodoro Villazón 14152:José Manuel Pando 14009:Mariano Melgarejo 13852:Pedro Blanco Soto 13759: 13758: 13437:José María Obando 13224: 13223: 13211:Quinta de Bolívar 13189: 13188: 13036: 13035: 13006:Angostura Address 12925: 12924: 12877:José Antonio Páez 12709: 12708: 12700:Succeeded by 12681:Succeeded by 12618:"Bolívar y Ponte" 12609:978-0-901145-54-3 12577:978-0-19-508402-3 12558:Bushnell, David. 12528:978-0-8130-5449-0 12505:978-1-85728-783-7 12482:978-3-030-26217-4 12408:, pp. 75–98. 12399:, pp. 55–72. 12390:, pp. 35–54. 12381:, pp. 13–34. 12365:978-0-7425-5619-5 12298:General reference 12288:978-0-19-514480-2 12262:978-1-84467-381-0 12230:978-1-58544-239-3 12207:978-0-8263-0131-4 12180:978-0-300-12604-4 12150:978-0-7425-6655-2 12127:978-1-4391-1020-1 12083:Gómez Pernia 2017 11777:, pp. 38–40. 11693:, pp. 57–58. 11657:, pp. 58–59. 11645:, pp. 28–38. 10131:, pp. 81–82. 9999:, pp. 28–88. 7417:, pp. 76–78. 7385:, pp. 77–78. 6628:, pp. 91–92. 6452:, pp. 88–91. 6348:, pp. 87–88. 6216:, pp. 96–97. 6196:, pp. 53–54. 6120:, pp. 93–94. 6100:, pp. 52–53. 6080:, pp. 88–90. 6044:, pp. 87–88. 5940:, pp. 84–86. 5904:, pp. 83–84. 5884:, pp. 82–83. 5844:, pp. 46–47. 5828:, pp. 79–80. 5792:, pp. 77–78. 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14269:Daniel Salamanca 14267: 14254: 14241: 14228: 14215: 14202: 14189: 14176: 14163: 14150: 14139:Severo Fernández 14137: 14126:Mariano Baptista 14124: 14111: 14100:Gregorio Pacheco 14098: 14085: 14072: 14059: 14048:Adolfo Ballivián 14046: 14033: 14020: 14007: 13994: 13981: 13968: 13955: 13942: 13931:Eusebio Guilarte 13929: 13916: 13907: 13900:Sebastián Ágreda 13898: 13885: 13872: 13859: 13850: 13837: 13828: 13819: 13810: 13801: 13800: 13786: 13779: 13772: 13763: 13762: 13528:Eustorgio Salgar 13523:Santos Gutiérrez 13379:Joaquín Mosquera 13354: 13264: 13257: 13250: 13241: 13240: 13228: 13227: 13151:(2019 TV series) 13132:Bolívar el héroe 13070: 13069: 12987:Bolivarian canon 12984: 12983: 12951:Battle of Boyacá 12931:Battles and wars 12847: 12839:Hipólita Bolívar 12832: 12821: 12810: 12787: 12776: 12753: 12752: 12735: 12728: 12721: 12712: 12711: 12659: 12658: 12633:18#3 (Feb 2020) 12545: 12532: 12509: 12486: 12463: 12461: 12459: 12418: 12409: 12400: 12391: 12382: 12369: 12350: 12307:The Global South 12292: 12266: 12234: 12211: 12195: 12184: 12168: 12154: 12131: 12115: 12086: 12080: 12074: 12068: 12062: 12056: 12050: 12032: 12026: 12012: 12006: 12000: 11994: 11993: 11991: 11989: 11970: 11964: 11958: 11952: 11951: 11949: 11947: 11927: 11921: 11915: 11909: 11899: 11893: 11884:, pp. 3–8; 11879: 11873: 11867: 11861: 11855: 11849: 11843: 11837: 11831: 11822: 11808: 11802: 11796: 11790: 11784: 11778: 11768: 11762: 11756: 11750: 11744: 11738: 11732: 11726: 11716: 11710: 11700: 11694: 11680: 11674: 11664: 11658: 11652: 11646: 11640: 11634: 11628: 11622: 11612: 11606: 11605: 11603: 11601: 11579: 11573: 11572: 11570: 11568: 11559:. Archived from 11546: 11540: 11539: 11537: 11535: 11526:. 26 July 2011. 11514: 11508: 11507: 11505: 11503: 11481: 11475: 11474: 11472: 11470: 11448: 11439: 11438: 11436: 11434: 11412: 11406: 11405: 11403: 11401: 11396:on 30 March 2012 11382: 11376: 11375: 11373: 11371: 11349: 11343: 11329: 11323: 11309: 11303: 11285: 11279: 11265: 11259: 11241: 11235: 11225: 11219: 11205: 11199: 11177: 11171: 11161: 11155: 11141: 11135: 11117: 11111: 11093: 11087: 11065: 11059: 11045: 11039: 11017: 11011: 11001: 10995: 10977: 10971: 10953: 10947: 10937: 10931: 10913: 10907: 10885: 10879: 10869: 10863: 10845: 10839: 10825: 10819: 10805: 10799: 10781: 10775: 10761: 10755: 10745: 10739: 10729: 10723: 10709: 10703: 10702: 10700: 10698: 10683: 10677: 10663: 10657: 10639: 10633: 10623: 10617: 10599: 10593: 10587: 10581: 10575: 10569: 10551: 10545: 10535: 10529: 10519: 10513: 10495: 10486: 10476: 10470: 10460: 10454: 10448: 10439: 10417: 10411: 10401: 10395: 10389: 10383: 10369: 10363: 10349: 10343: 10337: 10328: 10310: 10304: 10286: 10280: 10270: 10264: 10250: 10244: 10230: 10224: 10218: 10212: 10202: 10196: 10178: 10172: 10166: 10160: 10138: 10132: 10114: 10108: 10094: 10088: 10070: 10064: 10042: 10036: 10022: 10016: 10006: 10000: 9978: 9972: 9958: 9952: 9934: 9928: 9922: 9913: 9895: 9889: 9879: 9873: 9855: 9849: 9835: 9829: 9815: 9809: 9799: 9793: 9787: 9781: 9767: 9761: 9743: 9737: 9727: 9721: 9711: 9705: 9695: 9689: 9683: 9674: 9668: 9662: 9644: 9638: 9624: 9618: 9612: 9606: 9592: 9586: 9576: 9570: 9556: 9550: 9544: 9538: 9520: 9514: 9500: 9494: 9476: 9470: 9464: 9458: 9440: 9434: 9424: 9418: 9404: 9398: 9388: 9382: 9364: 9358: 9344: 9338: 9320: 9314: 9304: 9298: 9284: 9278: 9264: 9258: 9244: 9238: 9224: 9218: 9212: 9206: 9184: 9178: 9168: 9162: 9152: 9146: 9128: 9122: 9112: 9106: 9096: 9090: 9084: 9078: 9064: 9058: 9048: 9042: 9036: 9030: 9020: 9014: 8996: 8990: 8972: 8966: 8960: 8954: 8940: 8934: 8924: 8918: 8904: 8898: 8880: 8874: 8868: 8857: 8847: 8841: 8823: 8817: 8811: 8805: 8787: 8781: 8775: 8769: 8751: 8745: 8735: 8729: 8723: 8717: 8707: 8701: 8695: 8689: 8683: 8677: 8663: 8657: 8651: 8645: 8631: 8625: 8611: 8605: 8591: 8585: 8567: 8561: 8547: 8541: 8523: 8517: 8507: 8501: 8495: 8489: 8471: 8465: 8455: 8449: 8435: 8429: 8419: 8413: 8403: 8397: 8391: 8385: 8371: 8365: 8355: 8349: 8335: 8329: 8319: 8313: 8303: 8297: 8279: 8273: 8263: 8257: 8243: 8237: 8231: 8225: 8211: 8205: 8195: 8189: 8179: 8173: 8159: 8153: 8131: 8125: 8111: 8105: 8091: 8085: 8071: 8065: 8059: 8053: 8035: 8029: 8015: 8009: 7987: 7981: 7967: 7961: 7947: 7941: 7923: 7917: 7911: 7905: 7883: 7877: 7867: 7861: 7855: 7849: 7831: 7825: 7807: 7801: 7787: 7781: 7759: 7753: 7739: 7733: 7719: 7713: 7699: 7693: 7683: 7677: 7663: 7657: 7647: 7641: 7623: 7617: 7607: 7601: 7595: 7589: 7583: 7577: 7559: 7550: 7544: 7538: 7524: 7518: 7504: 7498: 7492: 7486: 7472: 7466: 7456: 7450: 7436: 7430: 7424: 7418: 7404: 7398: 7392: 7386: 7380: 7374: 7368: 7362: 7356: 7350: 7332: 7326: 7316: 7310: 7304: 7298: 7288: 7282: 7276: 7270: 7252: 7246: 7240: 7234: 7212: 7206: 7200: 7194: 7176: 7170: 7156: 7150: 7140: 7134: 7120: 7114: 7096: 7090: 7076: 7070: 7064: 7058: 7040: 7034: 7024: 7018: 7008: 7002: 6988: 6982: 6964: 6958: 6948: 6942: 6932: 6926: 6912: 6906: 6888: 6882: 6872: 6866: 6852: 6846: 6832: 6826: 6812: 6806: 6792: 6786: 6772: 6766: 6756: 6750: 6736: 6730: 6724: 6713: 6707: 6701: 6683: 6677: 6671: 6665: 6659: 6653: 6635: 6629: 6623: 6617: 6611: 6605: 6595: 6589: 6579: 6573: 6555: 6549: 6527: 6521: 6515: 6509: 6499: 6493: 6483: 6477: 6471: 6465: 6459: 6453: 6447: 6441: 6427: 6421: 6399: 6393: 6387: 6381: 6371: 6365: 6355: 6349: 6343: 6337: 6327: 6321: 6311: 6305: 6299: 6293: 6283: 6277: 6271: 6265: 6259: 6253: 6247: 6241: 6235: 6229: 6223: 6217: 6203: 6197: 6183: 6177: 6163: 6157: 6143: 6137: 6127: 6121: 6107: 6101: 6087: 6081: 6067: 6061: 6051: 6045: 6023: 6017: 6011: 6005: 5991: 5985: 5975: 5969: 5963: 5957: 5947: 5941: 5927: 5921: 5911: 5905: 5891: 5885: 5871: 5865: 5851: 5845: 5835: 5829: 5819: 5813: 5799: 5793: 5775: 5769: 5759: 5753: 5739: 5733: 5723: 5717: 5711: 5705: 5691: 5685: 5675: 5669: 5651: 5645: 5639: 5633: 5619: 5613: 5603: 5597: 5579: 5573: 5563: 5557: 5539: 5533: 5519: 5513: 5503: 5497: 5475: 5469: 5459: 5453: 5443: 5437: 5427: 5421: 5415: 5409: 5387: 5381: 5367: 5361: 5355: 5349: 5327: 5321: 5307: 5301: 5295: 5289: 5279: 5273: 5259: 5253: 5243: 5237: 5231: 5225: 5215: 5209: 5203: 5192: 5178: 5172: 5158: 5152: 5138: 5132: 5122: 5116: 5102: 5096: 5090: 5084: 5078: 5072: 5066: 5060: 5042: 5036: 5022: 5016: 5006: 5000: 4990: 4984: 4978: 4972: 4958: 4952: 4942: 4936: 4926: 4920: 4902: 4896: 4882: 4876: 4862: 4853: 4843: 4837: 4823: 4817: 4811: 4805: 4787: 4781: 4771: 4765: 4751: 4745: 4731: 4725: 4715: 4709: 4703: 4697: 4687: 4681: 4675: 4666: 4652: 4646: 4640: 4631: 4617: 4611: 4601: 4595: 4577: 4571: 4565: 4559: 4553: 4547: 4533: 4527: 4517: 4511: 4497: 4491: 4485: 4479: 4465: 4459: 4445: 4439: 4425: 4419: 4413: 4407: 4385: 4379: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4365:. Archived from 4353:"Bolívar, Simón" 4349: 4343: 4342: 4340: 4338: 4329:. Archived from 4313: 4307: 4306: 4304: 4302: 4283: 4277: 4276: 4274: 4272: 4265:Congress of Peru 4257: 4240: 4237: 4231: 4228: 4222: 4220: 4218:[siˈmon] 4211:. In isolation, 4210: 4209: 4208: 4202: 4197: 4190: 4185: 4184: 4181: 4180: 4177: 4174: 4171: 4168: 4165: 4162: 4155: 4147: 4143: 4137: 4136: 4133: 4132: 4129: 4124: 4123: 4120: 4117: 4114: 4111: 4108: 4105: 4098: 4093: 4087: 4083: 4077: 4071: 4033:Bogotá residence 4030: 3964: 3960:Robert T. Conn, 3896:, and formed by 3882: 3875: 3868: 3854: 3853: 3838:Republican Party 3816:Peasant republic 3776:Communitarianism 3493:Classical Athens 3488: 3462: 3452: 3442: 3432: 3422: 3412: 3402: 3392: 3382: 3372: 3362: 3352: 3342: 3332: 2566:Mixed government 2500: 2499: 2496:Personal beliefs 2456: 2414:Death and burial 2405: 2385:House of Bourbon 2374:Battle of Tarqui 2370:Juan José Flores 2242: 2226:Empire of Brazil 2204:, named Bolívar 2186:Joseph Lancaster 2155: 2120: 2088:José de la Serna 2064: 2053:José de Canterac 2019: 1976:; Quito and the 1948: 1929: 1909: 1874:Battle of Boyacá 1835: 1812: 1809: 1805: 1781: 1766: 1727:leave of absence 1647:Alexandre Pétion 1615:Arturo Michelena 1600: 1577: 1546:Margarita Island 1523:José Tomás Boves 1413: 1389:José Félix Ribas 1378: 1367: 1320: 1315: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1277: 1262: 1251: 1154: 1144:with the lawyer 1092: 1064:Washington, D.C. 1001:, French writer 953: 946: 909: 890: 814:Puerta de Toledo 797:. He arrived in 769:, Manuel Mallo. 756: 741: 718: 703: 691:Miguel José Sanz 680: 668: 653: 642: 631: 616: 579: 568: 510:Alexandre Pétion 381: 377: 361: 344:Domestic partner 337: 335: 278: 266: 263:17 December 1830 245: 243: 231:Personal details 217: 205: 196: 174: 162: 153: 132: 120: 111: 87: 73: 72: 21: 16222: 16221: 16217: 16216: 16215: 16213: 16212: 16211: 16032: 16031: 16030: 16026:from Wikisource 16020: 16015: 16013: 16003: 15998: 15996: 15986: 15981: 15979: 15976: 15972:sister projects 15969:at Knowledge's 15963: 15953: 15951: 15941: 15939: 15929: 15927: 15917: 15915: 15905: 15903: 15893: 15891: 15881: 15879: 15869: 15867: 15857: 15855: 15847: 15845: 15840: 15839: 15834: 15813: 15765: 15704: 15655:Andean passport 15643: 15589:Lima Group (LG) 15564:Contadora group 15517: 15454: 15452:Pan-Americanism 15449: 15419: 15414: 15405: 15311:Prado Ugarteche 15286:Prado Ugarteche 15241:Pardo y Barreda 15221:Pardo y Barreda 15151:García Calderón 15126:F. Diez Canseco 15111:P. Diez Canseco 15101:P. Diez Canseco 15081:P. Diez Canseco 14897: 14888: 14858: 14853: 14821: 14812: 14811: 14798: 14785: 14772: 14759: 14746: 14733: 14720: 14707: 14694: 14681: 14668: 14655: 14642: 14629: 14616: 14603: 14594:Alberto Natusch 14590: 14577: 14564: 14551: 14538: 14525: 14512: 14499: 14490:René Barrientos 14486: 14473: 14464:René Barrientos 14460: 14447: 14434: 14421: 14408: 14395: 14386:Enrique Hertzog 14382: 14369: 14356: 14343: 14330: 14317: 14304: 14291: 14278: 14265: 14252: 14239: 14226: 14213: 14200: 14187: 14174: 14161: 14148: 14135: 14122: 14109: 14096: 14087:Narciso Campero 14083: 14070: 14057: 14044: 14031: 14022:Agustín Morales 14018: 14005: 13992: 13979: 13966: 13953: 13940: 13927: 13914: 13905: 13896: 13883: 13870: 13857: 13848: 13835: 13826: 13817: 13808: 13795: 13790: 13760: 13755: 13572: 13489: 13470:Bartolomé Calvo 13451: 13442:José María Melo 13398: 13394:Domingo Caycedo 13384:Rafael Urdaneta 13355: 13346: 13322:Joaquin Camacho 13287:José Miguel Pey 13273: 13268: 13233: 13225: 13220: 13185: 13154: 13087: 13059: 13032: 13011: 12975: 12921: 12890:North American: 12885:Simón Rodríguez 12862:Latin American: 12850: 12841: 12826: 12815: 12804: 12781: 12770: 12744: 12739: 12705: 12696: 12686: 12684:Domingo Caycedo 12677: 12643: 12631:History Compass 12555: 12553:Further reading 12550: 12529: 12506: 12483: 12457: 12455: 12366: 12300: 12295: 12289: 12271:Bushnell, David 12263: 12242: 12237: 12231: 12208: 12181: 12151: 12128: 12100: 12095: 12090: 12089: 12081: 12077: 12069: 12065: 12057: 12053: 12033: 12029: 12013: 12009: 12001: 11997: 11987: 11985: 11972: 11971: 11967: 11959: 11955: 11945: 11943: 11928: 11924: 11916: 11912: 11900: 11896: 11892:, pp. 4–6. 11880: 11876: 11868: 11864: 11856: 11852: 11844: 11840: 11832: 11825: 11813:, p. 484; 11809: 11805: 11797: 11793: 11785: 11781: 11769: 11765: 11757: 11753: 11745: 11741: 11733: 11729: 11717: 11713: 11701: 11697: 11681: 11677: 11665: 11661: 11653: 11649: 11641: 11637: 11629: 11625: 11613: 11609: 11599: 11597: 11580: 11576: 11566: 11564: 11563:on 2 April 2023 11547: 11543: 11533: 11531: 11516: 11515: 11511: 11501: 11499: 11482: 11478: 11468: 11466: 11449: 11442: 11432: 11430: 11413: 11409: 11399: 11397: 11384: 11383: 11379: 11369: 11367: 11350: 11346: 11330: 11326: 11318:, p. 278; 11314:, p. 487; 11310: 11306: 11286: 11282: 11274:, p. 275; 11266: 11262: 11250:, p. 290; 11242: 11238: 11230:, p. 274; 11226: 11222: 11214:, p. 273; 11206: 11202: 11194:, p. 105; 11178: 11174: 11166:, p. 267; 11162: 11158: 11142: 11138: 11118: 11114: 11106:, p. 103; 11094: 11090: 11066: 11062: 11054:, p. 237; 11050:, p. 276; 11046: 11042: 11034:, p. 102; 11018: 11014: 11006:, p. 274; 11002: 10998: 10978: 10974: 10966:, p. 228; 10962:, p. 272; 10954: 10950: 10942:, p. 436; 10938: 10934: 10914: 10910: 10894:, p. 270; 10886: 10882: 10874:, p. 270; 10870: 10866: 10846: 10842: 10834:, p. 218; 10826: 10822: 10814:, p. 268; 10810:, p. 426; 10806: 10802: 10782: 10778: 10766:, p. 406; 10762: 10758: 10750:, p. 394; 10746: 10742: 10734:, p. 201; 10730: 10726: 10710: 10706: 10696: 10694: 10685: 10684: 10680: 10672:, p. 257; 10664: 10660: 10648:, p. 257; 10640: 10636: 10624: 10620: 10600: 10596: 10588: 10584: 10576: 10572: 10552: 10548: 10540:, p. 252; 10536: 10532: 10524:, p. 252; 10520: 10516: 10508:, p. 193; 10504:, p. 251; 10500:, p. 376; 10496: 10489: 10481:, p. 376; 10477: 10473: 10465:, p. 375; 10461: 10457: 10449: 10442: 10418: 10414: 10402: 10398: 10390: 10386: 10370: 10366: 10358:, p. 244; 10354:, p. 362; 10350: 10346: 10338: 10331: 10319:, p. 185; 10311: 10307: 10295:, p. 185; 10287: 10283: 10275:, p. 356; 10271: 10267: 10251: 10247: 10239:, p. 241; 10235:, p. 353; 10231: 10227: 10219: 10215: 10207:, p. 243; 10203: 10199: 10179: 10175: 10167: 10163: 10139: 10135: 10127:, p. 172; 10123:, p. 235; 10119:, p. 331; 10115: 10111: 10103:, p. 235; 10099:, p. 331; 10095: 10091: 10079:, p. 234; 10071: 10067: 10047:, p. 327; 10043: 10039: 10027:, p. 327; 10023: 10019: 10007: 10003: 9991:, p. 170; 9983:, p. 325; 9979: 9975: 9967:, p. 168; 9963:, p. 320; 9959: 9955: 9947:, p. 169; 9943:, p. 226; 9935: 9931: 9923: 9916: 9904:, p. 221; 9900:, p. 321; 9896: 9892: 9884:, p. 312; 9880: 9876: 9868:, p. 167; 9860:, p. 317; 9856: 9852: 9836: 9832: 9824:, p. 222; 9820:, p. 317; 9816: 9812: 9800: 9796: 9788: 9784: 9776:, p. 224; 9768: 9764: 9752:, p. 221; 9744: 9740: 9732:, p. 221; 9728: 9724: 9712: 9708: 9700:, p. 221; 9696: 9692: 9684: 9677: 9669: 9665: 9645: 9641: 9633:, p. 218; 9629:, p. 304; 9625: 9621: 9613: 9609: 9601:, p. 216; 9593: 9589: 9581:, p. 303; 9577: 9573: 9565:, p. 138; 9561:, p. 211; 9557: 9553: 9545: 9541: 9533:, p. 137; 9525:, p. 297; 9521: 9517: 9509:, p. 209; 9505:, p. 297; 9501: 9497: 9477: 9473: 9465: 9461: 9453:, p. 136; 9449:, p. 204; 9441: 9437: 9425: 9421: 9409:, p. 290; 9405: 9401: 9393:, p. 290; 9389: 9385: 9377:, p. 134; 9373:, p. 198; 9369:, p. 284; 9365: 9361: 9349:, p. 283; 9345: 9341: 9321: 9317: 9309:, p. 195; 9305: 9301: 9293:, p. 131; 9285: 9281: 9273:, p. 130; 9269:, p. 280; 9265: 9261: 9249:, p. 276; 9245: 9241: 9233:, p. 130; 9229:, p. 193; 9225: 9221: 9213: 9209: 9185: 9181: 9173:, p. 128; 9169: 9165: 9157:, p. 166; 9153: 9149: 9141:, p. 128; 9137:, p. 184; 9133:, p. 264; 9129: 9125: 9117:, p. 184; 9113: 9109: 9101:, p. 127; 9097: 9093: 9085: 9081: 9069:, p. 127; 9065: 9061: 9053:, p. 183; 9049: 9045: 9037: 9033: 9025:, p. 176; 9021: 9017: 9009:, p. 127; 9005:, p. 183; 9001:, p. 263; 8997: 8993: 8985:, p. 126; 8973: 8969: 8961: 8957: 8949:, p. 180; 8945:, p. 254; 8941: 8937: 8929:, p. 246; 8925: 8921: 8905: 8901: 8893:, p. 119; 8889:, p. 180; 8885:, p. 245; 8881: 8877: 8869: 8860: 8852:, p. 244; 8848: 8844: 8824: 8820: 8812: 8808: 8800:, p. 116; 8796:, p. 173; 8788: 8784: 8776: 8772: 8764:, p. 115; 8752: 8748: 8736: 8732: 8724: 8720: 8712:, p. 163; 8708: 8704: 8696: 8692: 8684: 8680: 8672:, p. 157; 8668:, p. 215; 8664: 8660: 8652: 8648: 8640:, p. 160; 8636:, p. 220; 8632: 8628: 8612: 8608: 8600:, p. 106; 8596:, p. 217; 8592: 8588: 8580:, p. 104; 8576:, p. 156; 8568: 8564: 8548: 8544: 8532:, p. 155; 8528:, p. 211; 8524: 8520: 8512:, p. 210; 8508: 8504: 8496: 8492: 8480:, p. 153; 8472: 8468: 8460:, p. 210; 8456: 8452: 8444:, p. 102; 8440:, p. 153; 8436: 8432: 8420: 8416: 8408:, p. 152; 8404: 8400: 8392: 8388: 8380:, p. 102; 8372: 8368: 8356: 8352: 8340:, p. 203; 8336: 8332: 8324:, p. 203; 8320: 8316: 8308:, p. 146; 8304: 8300: 8292:, p. 101; 8288:, p. 146; 8284:, p. 203; 8280: 8276: 8264: 8260: 8252:, p. 101; 8248:, p. 202; 8244: 8240: 8232: 8228: 8212: 8208: 8200:, p. 197; 8196: 8192: 8184:, p. 142; 8180: 8176: 8164:, p. 197; 8160: 8156: 8144:, p. 100; 8132: 8128: 8120:, p. 100; 8112: 8108: 8100:, p. 100; 8096:, p. 195; 8092: 8088: 8072: 8068: 8060: 8056: 8044:, p. 130; 8040:, p. 193; 8036: 8032: 8024:, p. 130; 8016: 8012: 7996:, p. 130; 7992:, p. 192; 7988: 7984: 7972:, p. 129; 7968: 7964: 7952:, p. 191; 7948: 7944: 7932:, p. 129; 7928:, p. 183; 7924: 7920: 7912: 7908: 7884: 7880: 7872:, p. 116; 7868: 7864: 7856: 7852: 7840:, p. 115; 7832: 7828: 7816:, p. 114; 7808: 7804: 7792:, p. 114; 7788: 7784: 7760: 7756: 7740: 7736: 7724:, p. 167; 7720: 7716: 7700: 7696: 7688:, p. 163; 7684: 7680: 7668:, p. 109; 7664: 7660: 7648: 7644: 7632:, p. 108; 7624: 7620: 7612:, p. 108; 7608: 7604: 7596: 7592: 7584: 7580: 7568:, p. 106; 7564:, p. 161; 7560: 7553: 7545: 7541: 7525: 7521: 7505: 7501: 7493: 7489: 7473: 7469: 7461:, p. 135; 7457: 7453: 7441:, p. 140; 7437: 7433: 7425: 7421: 7405: 7401: 7393: 7389: 7381: 7377: 7369: 7365: 7357: 7353: 7333: 7329: 7317: 7313: 7305: 7301: 7289: 7285: 7277: 7273: 7257:, p. 129; 7253: 7249: 7241: 7237: 7217:, p. 124; 7213: 7209: 7201: 7197: 7177: 7173: 7161:, p. 119; 7157: 7153: 7141: 7137: 7121: 7117: 7097: 7093: 7081:, p. 116; 7077: 7073: 7065: 7061: 7041: 7037: 7025: 7021: 7009: 7005: 6989: 6985: 6965: 6961: 6953:, p. 105; 6949: 6945: 6937:, p. 105; 6933: 6929: 6913: 6909: 6889: 6885: 6873: 6869: 6853: 6849: 6837:, p. 103; 6833: 6829: 6817:, p. 101; 6813: 6809: 6797:, p. 100; 6793: 6789: 6773: 6769: 6757: 6753: 6737: 6733: 6725: 6716: 6708: 6704: 6684: 6680: 6672: 6668: 6660: 6656: 6636: 6632: 6624: 6620: 6612: 6608: 6596: 6592: 6580: 6576: 6556: 6552: 6528: 6524: 6516: 6512: 6500: 6496: 6484: 6480: 6472: 6468: 6460: 6456: 6448: 6444: 6428: 6424: 6400: 6396: 6388: 6384: 6372: 6368: 6356: 6352: 6344: 6340: 6328: 6324: 6312: 6308: 6300: 6296: 6284: 6280: 6272: 6268: 6260: 6256: 6248: 6244: 6236: 6232: 6224: 6220: 6204: 6200: 6184: 6180: 6164: 6160: 6144: 6140: 6128: 6124: 6108: 6104: 6088: 6084: 6068: 6064: 6052: 6048: 6024: 6020: 6012: 6008: 5992: 5988: 5976: 5972: 5964: 5960: 5948: 5944: 5928: 5924: 5912: 5908: 5892: 5888: 5872: 5868: 5852: 5848: 5836: 5832: 5820: 5816: 5800: 5796: 5776: 5772: 5760: 5756: 5740: 5736: 5724: 5720: 5712: 5708: 5692: 5688: 5676: 5672: 5652: 5648: 5640: 5636: 5620: 5616: 5604: 5600: 5580: 5576: 5564: 5560: 5540: 5536: 5520: 5516: 5508:, p. 114; 5504: 5500: 5476: 5472: 5460: 5456: 5444: 5440: 5428: 5424: 5416: 5412: 5388: 5384: 5368: 5364: 5356: 5352: 5328: 5324: 5308: 5304: 5296: 5292: 5280: 5276: 5260: 5256: 5244: 5240: 5232: 5228: 5216: 5212: 5204: 5195: 5179: 5175: 5159: 5155: 5139: 5135: 5123: 5119: 5103: 5099: 5091: 5087: 5079: 5075: 5067: 5063: 5043: 5039: 5023: 5019: 5007: 5003: 4991: 4987: 4979: 4975: 4959: 4955: 4943: 4939: 4927: 4923: 4903: 4899: 4883: 4879: 4863: 4856: 4844: 4840: 4824: 4820: 4812: 4808: 4788: 4784: 4772: 4768: 4752: 4748: 4732: 4728: 4716: 4712: 4704: 4700: 4688: 4684: 4676: 4669: 4653: 4649: 4641: 4634: 4618: 4614: 4602: 4598: 4578: 4574: 4566: 4562: 4554: 4550: 4534: 4530: 4518: 4514: 4506:, p. xix; 4502:, p. 311; 4498: 4494: 4486: 4482: 4466: 4462: 4446: 4442: 4438:, pp. 8–9. 4426: 4422: 4414: 4410: 4406:, pp. 6–8. 4394:, p. 311; 4386: 4382: 4372: 4370: 4351: 4350: 4346: 4336: 4334: 4315: 4314: 4310: 4300: 4298: 4285: 4284: 4280: 4270: 4268: 4259: 4258: 4254: 4249: 4244: 4243: 4238: 4234: 4229: 4225: 4204: 4203: 4195: 4188: 4159: 4150: 4149: 4141: 4138: 4126: 4102: 4096: 4095: 4094: 4090: 4084: 4080: 4072: 4068: 4063: 4041: 4024: 3966: 3959: 3950: 3934:Catholic Church 3914:Baron d'Holbach 3886: 3848: 3843: 3842: 3761: 3753: 3752: 3656: 3648: 3647: 3533:Trienio Liberal 3474: 3466: 3465: 3460: 3450: 3440: 3430: 3420: 3410: 3400: 3390: 3380: 3370: 3360: 3350: 3340: 3330: 3321: 3313: 3312: 3048:Flynn (Stephen) 2933: 2925: 2924: 2765: 2757: 2756: 2682: 2674: 2673: 2629: 2621: 2620: 2616:Social equality 2611:Social contract 2601:Self-governance 2556:Democratization 2531:Anti-corruption 2526:Anti-monarchism 2521: 2505:Politics series 2498: 2450: 2416: 2408:Domingo Caycedo 2399: 2277: 2271: 2236: 2149: 2127:Battle of Junín 2114: 2084:Viceroy of Peru 2058: 2013: 2007:Pyrrhic victory 2002:liberated Chile 1974:Pasto, Colombia 1970: 1942: 1923: 1903: 1829: 1810: 1799: 1789: 1775: 1760: 1719:Rafael Urdaneta 1607: 1594: 1571: 1527:Battle of Urica 1509:Santiago Mariño 1482:Santiago Mariño 1420:Magdalena River 1407: 1372: 1361: 1355: 1322: 1309: 1304: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1271: 1256: 1254:Marquis of Toro 1245: 1185: 1148: 1129:regency council 1118:Vicente Emparán 1086: 1025: 1019: 965:. Beginning in 955: 951: 944: 936:Spanish America 903: 884: 846: 789:at the port of 750: 735: 721:Simón Rodríguez 712: 697: 687: 674: 662: 647: 636: 625: 619:legal guardians 610: 573: 562: 548: 484:forces for the 379: 375: 339: 331: 327: 324: 311: 276: 268: 264: 247: 241: 239: 215: 203: 197: 192: 172: 160: 154: 149: 136:Domingo Caycedo 130: 118: 112: 107: 90: 78: 69: 62: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 16220: 16210: 16209: 16204: 16199: 16194: 16189: 16184: 16179: 16174: 16169: 16164: 16159: 16154: 16149: 16144: 16139: 16134: 16129: 16124: 16119: 16114: 16109: 16107:Bolívar family 16104: 16099: 16094: 16089: 16084: 16079: 16074: 16069: 16064: 16059: 16054: 16049: 16044: 16029: 16028: 16011: 16009:from Wikiquote 15994: 15965: 15962: 15961: 15949: 15937: 15925: 15913: 15901: 15889: 15877: 15865: 15842: 15841: 15836: 15835: 15833: 15832: 15827: 15821: 15819: 15815: 15814: 15812: 15811: 15806: 15801: 15796: 15791: 15786: 15781: 15775: 15773: 15767: 15766: 15764: 15763: 15758: 15753: 15748: 15743: 15738: 15733: 15728: 15723: 15718: 15712: 15710: 15706: 15705: 15703: 15702: 15697: 15692: 15687: 15682: 15677: 15672: 15667: 15662: 15657: 15651: 15649: 15645: 15644: 15642: 15641: 15636: 15631: 15626: 15621: 15616: 15611: 15606: 15601: 15596: 15591: 15586: 15581: 15576: 15571: 15566: 15561: 15556: 15551: 15546: 15541: 15536: 15531: 15525: 15523: 15519: 15518: 15516: 15515: 15510: 15505: 15500: 15495: 15490: 15483: 15478: 15473: 15468: 15462: 15460: 15456: 15455: 15448: 15447: 15440: 15433: 15425: 15416: 15415: 15408: 15406: 15404: 15403: 15398: 15393: 15388: 15383: 15378: 15373: 15368: 15363: 15358: 15353: 15348: 15343: 15341:Belaúnde Terry 15338: 15333: 15328: 15326:Belaúnde Terry 15323: 15318: 15313: 15308: 15303: 15298: 15293: 15288: 15283: 15278: 15273: 15271:Samanez Ocampo 15268: 15263: 15258: 15253: 15248: 15243: 15238: 15233: 15228: 15223: 15218: 15213: 15208: 15203: 15198: 15193: 15188: 15183: 15178: 15173: 15168: 15163: 15158: 15153: 15148: 15143: 15138: 15133: 15128: 15123: 15118: 15113: 15108: 15103: 15098: 15093: 15088: 15083: 15078: 15073: 15068: 15063: 15058: 15053: 15048: 15043: 15038: 15033: 15028: 15023: 15018: 15013: 15008: 15003: 14998: 14993: 14988: 14983: 14978: 14973: 14968: 14963: 14958: 14953: 14948: 14943: 14938: 14933: 14928: 14923: 14918: 14913: 14908: 14902: 14899: 14898: 14887: 14886: 14879: 14872: 14864: 14855: 14854: 14852: 14851: 14841: 14830: 14827: 14826: 14823: 14822: 14815: 14813: 14810: 14809: 14796: 14783: 14770: 14757: 14744: 14731: 14718: 14705: 14692: 14679: 14666: 14653: 14640: 14633:Celso Torrelio 14627: 14614: 14601: 14588: 14581:Wálter Guevara 14575: 14562: 14549: 14536: 14523: 14510: 14497: 14484: 14471: 14458: 14445: 14432: 14419: 14412:Hugo Ballivián 14406: 14393: 14380: 14367: 14360:Néstor Guillén 14354: 14341: 14328: 14315: 14302: 14289: 14276: 14263: 14250: 14237: 14224: 14211: 14198: 14185: 14172: 14159: 14146: 14133: 14120: 14107: 14094: 14081: 14068: 14055: 14042: 14029: 14016: 14003: 13990: 13977: 13964: 13951: 13938: 13925: 13918:José Ballivián 13912: 13903: 13894: 13881: 13868: 13855: 13846: 13833: 13824: 13815: 13805: 13804: 13797: 13796: 13789: 13788: 13781: 13774: 13766: 13757: 13756: 13754: 13753: 13748: 13743: 13738: 13733: 13728: 13726:Ernesto Samper 13723: 13718: 13713: 13708: 13703: 13698: 13693: 13688: 13683: 13678: 13673: 13671:Laureano Gómez 13668: 13663: 13658: 13653: 13648: 13643: 13638: 13633: 13628: 13623: 13618: 13613: 13608: 13603: 13598: 13593: 13588: 13582: 13580: 13574: 13573: 13571: 13570: 13565: 13560: 13555: 13550: 13545: 13540: 13535: 13530: 13525: 13520: 13515: 13510: 13505: 13499: 13497: 13491: 13490: 13488: 13487: 13482: 13477: 13472: 13467: 13461: 13459: 13453: 13452: 13450: 13449: 13444: 13439: 13434: 13429: 13424: 13419: 13414: 13408: 13406: 13400: 13399: 13397: 13396: 13391: 13386: 13381: 13376: 13371: 13365: 13363: 13357: 13356: 13349: 13347: 13345: 13344: 13339: 13334: 13329: 13324: 13319: 13314: 13309: 13304: 13299: 13294: 13289: 13283: 13281: 13275: 13274: 13267: 13266: 13259: 13252: 13244: 13238: 13235: 13234: 13222: 13221: 13219: 13218: 13213: 13208: 13203: 13197: 13195: 13191: 13190: 13187: 13186: 13184: 13183: 13178: 13173: 13168: 13162: 13160: 13156: 13155: 13153: 13152: 13144: 13136: 13128: 13124:Bolívar soy yo 13120: 13112: 13104: 13095: 13093: 13089: 13088: 13086: 13085: 13076: 13074: 13067: 13061: 13060: 13058: 13057: 13052: 13046: 13044: 13038: 13037: 13034: 13033: 13031: 13030: 13025: 13019: 13017: 13013: 13012: 13010: 13009: 13003: 13000:Jamaica Letter 12997: 12990: 12988: 12981: 12977: 12976: 12974: 12973: 12968: 12963: 12958: 12935: 12933: 12927: 12926: 12923: 12922: 12920: 12919: 12913:George Canning 12899: 12897:Andrew Jackson 12887: 12858: 12856: 12855:Contemporaries 12852: 12851: 12849: 12848: 12833: 12796: 12788: 12761: 12759: 12750: 12746: 12745: 12738: 12737: 12730: 12723: 12715: 12707: 12706: 12701: 12698: 12688: 12687: 12682: 12679: 12670: 12664: 12663: 12657: 12656: 12642: 12641:External links 12639: 12638: 12637: 12627: 12611: 12597: 12590: 12579: 12565: 12554: 12551: 12549: 12548: 12547: 12546: 12534: 12533: 12527: 12510: 12504: 12487: 12481: 12464: 12434:(in Spanish). 12422: 12421: 12420: 12419: 12410: 12401: 12392: 12383: 12371: 12370: 12364: 12351: 12301: 12299: 12296: 12294: 12293: 12287: 12273:, ed. (2003). 12267: 12261: 12243: 12241: 12238: 12236: 12235: 12229: 12212: 12206: 12185: 12179: 12155: 12149: 12132: 12126: 12101: 12099: 12096: 12094: 12091: 12088: 12087: 12085:, p. 206. 12075: 12063: 12061:, p. 111. 12051: 12027: 12025:, p. 458. 12007: 11995: 11965: 11963:, p. 302. 11953: 11922: 11910: 11908:, p. 459. 11894: 11874: 11862: 11850: 11848:, p. 460. 11838: 11823: 11803: 11791: 11779: 11763: 11751: 11739: 11727: 11711: 11695: 11675: 11659: 11647: 11635: 11623: 11607: 11574: 11541: 11509: 11476: 11440: 11425:(in Spanish). 11407: 11377: 11344: 11324: 11322:, p. 456. 11304: 11280: 11260: 11236: 11234:, p. 439. 11220: 11200: 11172: 11156: 11136: 11112: 11088: 11060: 11058:, p. 393. 11040: 11012: 11010:, p. 231. 10996: 10972: 10948: 10946:, p. 272. 10932: 10926:, p. 99; 10908: 10902:, p. 99; 10880: 10878:, p. 367. 10864: 10840: 10820: 10800: 10776: 10756: 10754:, p. 264. 10740: 10724: 10722:, p. 201. 10704: 10678: 10676:, p. 200. 10658: 10634: 10618: 10616:, p. 339. 10594: 10590:McFarlane 2014 10582: 10578:McFarlane 2014 10570: 10546: 10544:, p. 331. 10530: 10528:, p. 193. 10514: 10512:, p. 329. 10487: 10485:, p. 329. 10471: 10469:, p. 250. 10455: 10453:, p. 402. 10451:McFarlane 2014 10440: 10434:, p. 88; 10412: 10396: 10384: 10364: 10344: 10342:, p. 398. 10340:McFarlane 2014 10329: 10327:, p. 312. 10305: 10299:, p. 86; 10281: 10279:, p. 184. 10265: 10245: 10243:, p. 183. 10225: 10221:McFarlane 2014 10213: 10197: 10173: 10169:McFarlane 2014 10161: 10155:, p. 82; 10133: 10109: 10089: 10087:, p. 292. 10065: 10059:, p. 81; 10037: 10017: 10015:, p. 227. 10001: 9973: 9971:, p. 280. 9953: 9929: 9927:, p. 393. 9925:McFarlane 2014 9914: 9890: 9888:, p. 146. 9874: 9872:, p. 278. 9850: 9844:, p. 79; 9830: 9828:, p. 167. 9810: 9794: 9792:, p. 167. 9782: 9780:, p. 167. 9762: 9760:, p. 271. 9738: 9736:, p. 271. 9722: 9720:, p. 266. 9706: 9704:, p. 267. 9690: 9688:, p. 392. 9686:McFarlane 2014 9675: 9671:McFarlane 2014 9663: 9639: 9637:, p. 263. 9619: 9617:, p. 391. 9615:McFarlane 2014 9607: 9605:, p. 139. 9587: 9585:, p. 216. 9571: 9569:, p. 257. 9551: 9547:McFarlane 2014 9539: 9515: 9513:, p. 254. 9495: 9471: 9469:, p. 368. 9467:McFarlane 2014 9459: 9435: 9419: 9417:, p. 247. 9399: 9397:, p. 247. 9383: 9359: 9357:, p. 246. 9339: 9315: 9299: 9279: 9259: 9239: 9219: 9215:McFarlane 2014 9207: 9201:, p. 75; 9179: 9177:, p. 232. 9163: 9161:, p. 185. 9147: 9123: 9121:, p. 230. 9107: 9091: 9087:McFarlane 2014 9079: 9077:, p. 228. 9073:, p. 75; 9059: 9057:, p. 127. 9043: 9039:McFarlane 2014 9031: 9029:, p. 124. 9015: 8991: 8967: 8965:, p. 255. 8955: 8953:, p. 225. 8935: 8933:, p. 222. 8919: 8899: 8897:, p. 222. 8875: 8873:, p. 325. 8871:McFarlane 2014 8858: 8856:, p. 117. 8842: 8818: 8814:McFarlane 2014 8806: 8782: 8780:, p. 317. 8778:McFarlane 2014 8770: 8746: 8744:, p. 207. 8730: 8728:, p. 319. 8726:McFarlane 2014 8718: 8702: 8700:, p. 163. 8690: 8686:McFarlane 2014 8678: 8676:, p. 201. 8658: 8656:, p. 160. 8646: 8626: 8606: 8604:, p. 197. 8586: 8584:, p. 202. 8562: 8542: 8518: 8516:, p. 154. 8502: 8500:, p. 315. 8498:McFarlane 2014 8490: 8488:, p. 193. 8466: 8464:, p. 195. 8450: 8448:, p. 193. 8430: 8414: 8412:, p. 192. 8398: 8394:McFarlane 2014 8386: 8366: 8364:, p. 102. 8350: 8330: 8328:, p. 191. 8314: 8298: 8296:, p. 189. 8274: 8272:, p. 190. 8258: 8256:, p. 189. 8238: 8236:, p. 314. 8234:McFarlane 2014 8226: 8224:, p. 100. 8206: 8190: 8188:, p. 100. 8174: 8172:, p. 186. 8168:, p. 60; 8154: 8152:, p. 186. 8148:, p. 60; 8126: 8106: 8104:, p. 183. 8086: 8084:, p. 179. 8066: 8064:, p. 313. 8062:McFarlane 2014 8054: 8052:, p. 179. 8048:, p. 97; 8030: 8028:, p. 179. 8010: 8004:, p. 59; 8000:, p. 97; 7982: 7980:, p. 178. 7976:, p. 59; 7962: 7956:, p. 97; 7942: 7940:, p. 177. 7918: 7906: 7878: 7862: 7860:, p. 138. 7858:McFarlane 2014 7850: 7844:, p. 90; 7826: 7820:, p. 55; 7802: 7782: 7776:, p. 55; 7754: 7752:, p. 168. 7734: 7728:, p. 89; 7714: 7694: 7692:, p. 163. 7678: 7672:, p. 87; 7658: 7642: 7640:, p. 161. 7618: 7616:, p. 160. 7602: 7600:, p. 162. 7590: 7588:, p. 107. 7578: 7576:, p. 159. 7572:, p. 86; 7551: 7547:McFarlane 2014 7539: 7533:, p. 50; 7519: 7499: 7495:McFarlane 2014 7487: 7485:, p. 153. 7477:, p. 86; 7467: 7451: 7449:, p. 150. 7445:, p. 47; 7431: 7427:McFarlane 2014 7419: 7399: 7397:, p. 122. 7395:McFarlane 2014 7387: 7375: 7373:, p. 125. 7371:McFarlane 2014 7363: 7351: 7349:, p. 140. 7345:, p. 72; 7341:, p. 76; 7327: 7311: 7309:, p. 123. 7307:McFarlane 2014 7299: 7283: 7281:, p. 120. 7279:McFarlane 2014 7271: 7269:, p. 146. 7265:, p. 75; 7261:, p. 75; 7247: 7245:, p. 115. 7243:McFarlane 2014 7235: 7229:, p. 46; 7225:, p. 73; 7221:, p. 77; 7207: 7195: 7171: 7169:, p. 138. 7165:, p. 74; 7151: 7135: 7115: 7091: 7085:, p. 69; 7071: 7069:, p. 116. 7059: 7049:, p. 70; 7035: 7029:, p. 71; 7019: 7017:, p. 128. 7003: 6997:, p. 42; 6993:, p. 67; 6983: 6973:, p. 67; 6959: 6957:, p. 122. 6943: 6927: 6925:, p. 122. 6921:, p. 62; 6907: 6883: 6881:, p. 118. 6877:, p. 61; 6867: 6865:, p. 119. 6861:, p. 61; 6857:, p. 64; 6847: 6845:, p. 118. 6841:, p. 63; 6827: 6807: 6801:, p. 58; 6787: 6785:, p. 112. 6781:, p. 60; 6777:, p. 57; 6767: 6765:, p. 112. 6761:, p. 57; 6751: 6749:, p. 112. 6745:, p. 60; 6731: 6727:McFarlane 2014 6714: 6702: 6696:, p. 59; 6692:, p. 56; 6678: 6666: 6654: 6644:, p. 59; 6640:, p. 55; 6630: 6626:McFarlane 2014 6618: 6606: 6600:, p. 93; 6590: 6588:, p. 105. 6584:, p. 92; 6574: 6568:, p. 58; 6560:, p. 92; 6550: 6548:, p. 104. 6544:, p. 34; 6540:, p. 34; 6536:, p. 48; 6532:, p. 91; 6522: 6518:McFarlane 2014 6510: 6508:, p. 104. 6504:, p. 91; 6494: 6492:, p. 100. 6488:, p. 58; 6478: 6466: 6454: 6450:McFarlane 2014 6442: 6440:, p. 101. 6436:, p. 47; 6432:, p. 88; 6422: 6416:, p. 33; 6412:, p. 55; 6408:, p. 47; 6394: 6392:, p. 100. 6382: 6376:, p. 86; 6366: 6360:, p. 46; 6350: 6346:McFarlane 2014 6338: 6332:, p. 84; 6322: 6316:, p. 83; 6306: 6302:McFarlane 2014 6294: 6288:, p. 54; 6278: 6266: 6254: 6242: 6230: 6218: 6212:, p. 54; 6198: 6192:, p. 41; 6178: 6172:, p. 53; 6168:, p. 41; 6158: 6152:, p. 31; 6148:, p. 41; 6138: 6132:, p. 53; 6122: 6112:, p. 50; 6102: 6096:, p. 40; 6092:, p. 77; 6082: 6062: 6046: 6040:, p. 28; 6032:, p. 38; 6018: 6006: 6000:, p. 48; 5996:, p. 38; 5986: 5980:, p. 38; 5970: 5966:McFarlane 2014 5958: 5952:, p. 48; 5942: 5922: 5916:, p. 67; 5906: 5900:, p. 47; 5896:, p. 35; 5886: 5880:, p. 47; 5876:, p. 35; 5866: 5860:, p. 46; 5846: 5830: 5814: 5808:, p. 45; 5794: 5788:, p. 44; 5770: 5764:, p. 41; 5754: 5748:, p. 41; 5734: 5728:, p. 26; 5718: 5706: 5700:, p. 39; 5696:, p. 25; 5686: 5680:, p. 25; 5670: 5664:, p. 39; 5660:, p. 30; 5646: 5634: 5628:, p. 26; 5624:, p. 24; 5614: 5598: 5592:, p. 26; 5588:, p. 24; 5584:, p. 41; 5574: 5568:, p. 24; 5558: 5552:, p. 25; 5548:, p. 24; 5544:, p. 41; 5534: 5528:, p. 25; 5524:, p. 24; 5514: 5498: 5492:, p. 15; 5488:, p. 23; 5470: 5464:, p. 23; 5454: 5448:, p. 20; 5438: 5432:, p. 20; 5422: 5410: 5404:, p. 15; 5400:, p. 22; 5396:, p. 20; 5382: 5376:, p. 22; 5362: 5350: 5344:, p. 14; 5340:, p. 21; 5332:, p. 31; 5322: 5316:, p. 20; 5312:, p. 19; 5302: 5290: 5284:, p. 20; 5274: 5268:, p. 19; 5264:, p. 31; 5254: 5248:, p. 19; 5238: 5226: 5220:, p. 20; 5210: 5193: 5183:, p. 30; 5173: 5167:, p. 19; 5153: 5147:, p. 18; 5143:, p. 30; 5133: 5127:, p. 19; 5117: 5111:, p. 13; 5107:, p. 28; 5097: 5085: 5073: 5061: 5055:, p. 13; 5051:, p. 18; 5047:, p. 28; 5037: 5031:, p. 19; 5027:, p. 18; 5017: 5011:, p. 18; 5001: 4995:, p. 18; 4985: 4973: 4967:, p. 18; 4963:, p. 27; 4953: 4947:, p. 17; 4937: 4931:, p. 18; 4921: 4915:, p. 18; 4911:, p. 17; 4907:, p. 27; 4897: 4891:, p. 17; 4887:, p. 27; 4877: 4854: 4848:, p. 25; 4838: 4832:, p. 17; 4828:, p. 25; 4818: 4806: 4800:, p. 17; 4796:, p. 14; 4792:, p. 25; 4782: 4776:, p. 17; 4766: 4746: 4726: 4710: 4698: 4692:, p. 24; 4682: 4667: 4661:, p. 13; 4657:, p. 23; 4647: 4632: 4622:, p. 23; 4612: 4610:, p. xix. 4606:, p. 12; 4596: 4590:, p. 16; 4572: 4560: 4548: 4538:, p. 23; 4528: 4512: 4492: 4480: 4470:, p. 20; 4460: 4450:, p. 20; 4440: 4434:, p. 10; 4430:, p. 20; 4420: 4408: 4380: 4344: 4333:on 31 May 2019 4308: 4278: 4267:. 22 June 1827 4263:(in Spanish). 4251: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4242: 4241: 4232: 4223: 4088: 4078: 4065: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4058: 4057: 4052: 4047: 4040: 4037: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3888: 3887: 3885: 3884: 3877: 3870: 3862: 3859: 3858: 3845: 3844: 3841: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3786:Egalitarianism 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3762: 3760:Related topics 3759: 3758: 3755: 3754: 3751: 3750: 3745: 3744: 3743: 3738: 3731:United Kingdom 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3657: 3654: 3653: 3650: 3649: 3646: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3610: 3605: 3600: 3595: 3590: 3585: 3580: 3575: 3570: 3565: 3560: 3555: 3550: 3545: 3540: 3535: 3530: 3525: 3520: 3515: 3513:Dutch Republic 3510: 3505: 3500: 3495: 3490: 3481: 3479:Roman Republic 3475: 3472: 3471: 3468: 3467: 3464: 3463: 3453: 3443: 3433: 3423: 3413: 3403: 3393: 3383: 3373: 3363: 3353: 3343: 3333: 3322: 3319: 3318: 3315: 3314: 3311: 3310: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3285: 3280: 3275: 3270: 3265: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3125: 3120: 3115: 3110: 3105: 3100: 3095: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3075: 3070: 3065: 3060: 3055: 3050: 3045: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3015: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2965: 2960: 2955: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2934: 2931: 2930: 2927: 2926: 2923: 2922: 2920:Wollstonecraft 2917: 2912: 2907: 2902: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2867: 2862: 2857: 2852: 2847: 2842: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2787: 2782: 2777: 2772: 2766: 2763: 2762: 2759: 2758: 2755: 2754: 2749: 2744: 2739: 2734: 2729: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2699: 2694: 2689: 2683: 2680: 2679: 2676: 2675: 2672: 2671: 2666: 2661: 2656: 2651: 2646: 2641: 2636: 2630: 2627: 2626: 2623: 2622: 2619: 2618: 2613: 2608: 2603: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2548: 2543: 2538: 2533: 2528: 2522: 2519: 2518: 2515: 2514: 2508: 2507: 2497: 2494: 2415: 2412: 2380:in September. 2270: 2267: 2222:Cisplatine War 1969: 1966: 1788: 1785: 1742:Angostura fell 1715:Ciudad Bolívar 1695:third republic 1631:Renato Beluche 1627:Jamaica Letter 1606: 1603: 1416:Pierre Labatut 1354: 1351: 1339:Puerto Cabello 1281: 1184: 1181: 1021:Main article: 1018: 1015: 940: 845: 842: 686: 683: 591:Bolívar family 547: 544: 514:third republic 472:Bolívar began 453:that ended in 408:Spanish Empire 367: 366: 363: 362: 355: 351: 350: 345: 341: 340: 329: 325: 320: 319: 317: 313: 312: 310: 309: 306: 303: 296: 294: 290: 289: 284: 280: 279: 277:(now Colombia) 267:(aged 47) 261: 257: 256: 237: 233: 232: 228: 227: 224: 223: 218: 212: 211: 206: 200: 199: 189: 188: 181: 180: 178:José de La Mar 175: 169: 168: 163: 157: 156: 146: 145: 139: 138: 133: 127: 126: 121: 115: 114: 104: 103: 96: 95: 92: 91: 88: 80: 79: 76: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 16219: 16208: 16205: 16203: 16200: 16198: 16195: 16193: 16190: 16188: 16185: 16183: 16180: 16178: 16175: 16173: 16170: 16168: 16165: 16163: 16160: 16158: 16155: 16153: 16150: 16148: 16145: 16143: 16140: 16138: 16135: 16133: 16130: 16128: 16125: 16123: 16120: 16118: 16115: 16113: 16110: 16108: 16105: 16103: 16100: 16098: 16095: 16093: 16090: 16088: 16085: 16083: 16080: 16078: 16075: 16073: 16070: 16068: 16065: 16063: 16060: 16058: 16055: 16053: 16050: 16048: 16045: 16043: 16042:Simón Bolívar 16040: 16039: 16037: 16025: 16024: 16012: 16008: 16007: 15995: 15991: 15990: 15978: 15977: 15974: 15968: 15967:Simón Bolívar 15960: 15950: 15948: 15938: 15936: 15926: 15924: 15923:Latin America 15914: 15912: 15902: 15900: 15890: 15888: 15878: 15876: 15866: 15864: 15854: 15853: 15850: 15831: 15828: 15826: 15823: 15822: 15820: 15816: 15810: 15807: 15805: 15802: 15800: 15797: 15795: 15792: 15790: 15787: 15785: 15782: 15780: 15777: 15776: 15774: 15772: 15768: 15762: 15759: 15757: 15754: 15752: 15749: 15747: 15744: 15742: 15739: 15737: 15734: 15732: 15729: 15727: 15724: 15722: 15719: 15717: 15714: 15713: 15711: 15707: 15701: 15698: 15696: 15693: 15691: 15688: 15686: 15683: 15681: 15678: 15676: 15673: 15671: 15668: 15666: 15663: 15661: 15658: 15656: 15653: 15652: 15650: 15646: 15640: 15637: 15635: 15632: 15630: 15627: 15625: 15622: 15620: 15617: 15615: 15612: 15610: 15607: 15605: 15602: 15600: 15597: 15595: 15592: 15590: 15587: 15585: 15582: 15580: 15577: 15575: 15572: 15570: 15567: 15565: 15562: 15560: 15557: 15555: 15552: 15550: 15547: 15545: 15542: 15540: 15537: 15535: 15532: 15530: 15527: 15526: 15524: 15522:Organizations 15520: 15514: 15511: 15509: 15506: 15504: 15501: 15499: 15496: 15494: 15493:Simón Bolívar 15491: 15489: 15488: 15487:Patria Grande 15484: 15482: 15479: 15477: 15474: 15472: 15469: 15467: 15464: 15463: 15461: 15457: 15453: 15446: 15441: 15439: 15434: 15432: 15427: 15426: 15423: 15412: 15402: 15399: 15397: 15394: 15392: 15389: 15387: 15384: 15382: 15379: 15377: 15374: 15372: 15369: 15367: 15364: 15362: 15359: 15357: 15354: 15352: 15349: 15347: 15344: 15342: 15339: 15337: 15334: 15332: 15329: 15327: 15324: 15322: 15319: 15317: 15314: 15312: 15309: 15307: 15304: 15302: 15299: 15297: 15294: 15292: 15289: 15287: 15284: 15282: 15279: 15277: 15276:Sánchez Cerro 15274: 15272: 15269: 15267: 15264: 15262: 15259: 15257: 15256:Sánchez Cerro 15254: 15252: 15249: 15247: 15244: 15242: 15239: 15237: 15234: 15232: 15229: 15227: 15224: 15222: 15219: 15217: 15214: 15212: 15209: 15207: 15204: 15202: 15199: 15197: 15194: 15192: 15189: 15187: 15184: 15182: 15179: 15177: 15174: 15172: 15169: 15167: 15164: 15162: 15159: 15157: 15154: 15152: 15149: 15147: 15144: 15142: 15139: 15137: 15134: 15132: 15129: 15127: 15124: 15122: 15119: 15117: 15114: 15112: 15109: 15107: 15104: 15102: 15099: 15097: 15094: 15092: 15089: 15087: 15084: 15082: 15079: 15077: 15074: 15072: 15069: 15067: 15064: 15062: 15059: 15057: 15054: 15052: 15049: 15047: 15044: 15042: 15039: 15037: 15034: 15032: 15029: 15027: 15024: 15022: 15019: 15017: 15014: 15012: 15009: 15007: 15004: 15002: 14999: 14997: 14994: 14992: 14989: 14987: 14984: 14982: 14979: 14977: 14974: 14972: 14969: 14967: 14964: 14962: 14959: 14957: 14954: 14952: 14949: 14947: 14944: 14942: 14939: 14937: 14934: 14932: 14929: 14927: 14924: 14922: 14919: 14917: 14914: 14912: 14909: 14907: 14904: 14903: 14900: 14896: 14892: 14885: 14880: 14878: 14873: 14871: 14866: 14865: 14862: 14850: 14842: 14840: 14832: 14831: 14828: 14819: 14807: 14803: 14797: 14794: 14790: 14784: 14781: 14777: 14771: 14768: 14764: 14758: 14755: 14751: 14745: 14742: 14738: 14732: 14729: 14725: 14724:Jorge Quiroga 14719: 14716: 14712: 14706: 14703: 14699: 14693: 14690: 14686: 14680: 14677: 14673: 14667: 14664: 14660: 14654: 14651: 14647: 14646:Guido Vildoso 14641: 14638: 14634: 14628: 14625: 14621: 14615: 14612: 14608: 14602: 14599: 14595: 14589: 14586: 14582: 14576: 14573: 14569: 14568:David Padilla 14563: 14560: 14556: 14550: 14547: 14543: 14537: 14534: 14530: 14524: 14521: 14517: 14511: 14508: 14504: 14498: 14495: 14491: 14485: 14482: 14478: 14472: 14469: 14465: 14459: 14456: 14452: 14446: 14443: 14439: 14433: 14430: 14426: 14420: 14417: 14413: 14407: 14404: 14400: 14394: 14391: 14387: 14381: 14378: 14374: 14368: 14365: 14361: 14355: 14352: 14348: 14342: 14339: 14335: 14329: 14326: 14322: 14316: 14313: 14309: 14303: 14300: 14296: 14290: 14287: 14283: 14277: 14274: 14270: 14264: 14261: 14257: 14251: 14248: 14244: 14238: 14235: 14231: 14225: 14222: 14218: 14212: 14209: 14205: 14199: 14196: 14192: 14191:Ismael Montes 14186: 14183: 14179: 14173: 14170: 14166: 14165:Ismael Montes 14160: 14157: 14153: 14147: 14144: 14140: 14134: 14131: 14127: 14121: 14118: 14114: 14108: 14105: 14101: 14095: 14092: 14088: 14082: 14079: 14075: 14074:Hilarión Daza 14069: 14066: 14062: 14056: 14053: 14049: 14043: 14040: 14036: 14030: 14027: 14023: 14017: 14014: 14010: 14004: 14001: 13997: 13991: 13988: 13984: 13978: 13975: 13971: 13970:Jorge Córdova 13965: 13962: 13958: 13952: 13949: 13945: 13939: 13936: 13932: 13926: 13923: 13919: 13913: 13910: 13904: 13901: 13895: 13892: 13888: 13882: 13879: 13875: 13869: 13866: 13862: 13856: 13853: 13847: 13844: 13840: 13834: 13831: 13825: 13822: 13816: 13813: 13812:Simón Bolívar 13807: 13806: 13802: 13798: 13794: 13787: 13782: 13780: 13775: 13773: 13768: 13767: 13764: 13752: 13751:Gustavo Petro 13749: 13747: 13744: 13742: 13739: 13737: 13734: 13732: 13729: 13727: 13724: 13722: 13721:César Gaviria 13719: 13717: 13714: 13712: 13709: 13707: 13704: 13702: 13699: 13697: 13694: 13692: 13689: 13687: 13684: 13682: 13679: 13677: 13674: 13672: 13669: 13667: 13664: 13662: 13659: 13657: 13654: 13652: 13649: 13647: 13644: 13642: 13639: 13637: 13634: 13632: 13631:Jorge Holguín 13629: 13627: 13624: 13622: 13619: 13617: 13614: 13612: 13609: 13607: 13604: 13602: 13599: 13597: 13594: 13592: 13589: 13587: 13584: 13583: 13581: 13579: 13575: 13569: 13566: 13564: 13561: 13559: 13556: 13554: 13551: 13549: 13546: 13544: 13543:Aquileo Parra 13541: 13539: 13536: 13534: 13531: 13529: 13526: 13524: 13521: 13519: 13518:Santos Acosta 13516: 13514: 13511: 13509: 13506: 13504: 13501: 13500: 13498: 13496: 13492: 13486: 13483: 13481: 13478: 13476: 13473: 13471: 13468: 13466: 13463: 13462: 13460: 13458: 13454: 13448: 13445: 13443: 13440: 13438: 13435: 13433: 13430: 13428: 13425: 13423: 13420: 13418: 13415: 13413: 13410: 13409: 13407: 13405: 13401: 13395: 13392: 13390: 13387: 13385: 13382: 13380: 13377: 13375: 13372: 13370: 13369:Simón Bolívar 13367: 13366: 13364: 13362: 13358: 13353: 13343: 13340: 13338: 13335: 13333: 13330: 13328: 13325: 13323: 13320: 13318: 13315: 13313: 13310: 13308: 13305: 13303: 13300: 13298: 13295: 13293: 13290: 13288: 13285: 13284: 13282: 13280: 13276: 13272: 13265: 13260: 13258: 13253: 13251: 13246: 13245: 13242: 13236: 13229: 13217: 13214: 13212: 13209: 13207: 13204: 13202: 13199: 13198: 13196: 13192: 13182: 13179: 13177: 13174: 13172: 13169: 13167: 13164: 13163: 13161: 13157: 13150: 13149: 13145: 13142: 13141: 13140:The Liberator 13137: 13134: 13133: 13129: 13126: 13125: 13121: 13118: 13117: 13113: 13110: 13109: 13108:Simón Bolívar 13105: 13102: 13101: 13100:Simón Bolívar 13097: 13096: 13094: 13090: 13083: 13082: 13078: 13077: 13075: 13071: 13068: 13066: 13062: 13056: 13053: 13051: 13050:Bolivarianism 13048: 13047: 13045: 13043: 13039: 13029: 13026: 13024: 13021: 13020: 13018: 13016:Constitutions 13014: 13007: 13004: 13001: 12998: 12995: 12992: 12991: 12989: 12985: 12982: 12978: 12972: 12969: 12967: 12964: 12962: 12959: 12956: 12952: 12948: 12944: 12940: 12937: 12936: 12934: 12932: 12928: 12918: 12914: 12910: 12906: 12903: 12900: 12898: 12894: 12891: 12888: 12886: 12882: 12878: 12874: 12870: 12866: 12863: 12860: 12859: 12857: 12853: 12845: 12840: 12837: 12834: 12830: 12825: 12819: 12814: 12808: 12803: 12800: 12797: 12795: 12792: 12789: 12785: 12780: 12774: 12769: 12766: 12763: 12762: 12760: 12758: 12754: 12751: 12747: 12743: 12742:Simón Bolívar 12736: 12731: 12729: 12724: 12722: 12717: 12716: 12713: 12704: 12695: 12694: 12689: 12685: 12676: 12675: 12669: 12665: 12660: 12654: 12650: 12649: 12645: 12644: 12636: 12632: 12628: 12625: 12624: 12619: 12615: 12612: 12610: 12606: 12602: 12599:Lynch, John. 12598: 12595: 12591: 12588: 12584: 12580: 12578: 12574: 12570: 12566: 12563: 12562: 12557: 12556: 12543: 12538: 12537: 12536: 12535: 12530: 12524: 12520: 12516: 12511: 12507: 12501: 12497: 12493: 12488: 12484: 12478: 12474: 12470: 12465: 12453: 12449: 12445: 12441: 12437: 12433: 12429: 12424: 12423: 12416: 12411: 12407: 12402: 12398: 12393: 12389: 12384: 12380: 12375: 12374: 12373: 12372: 12367: 12361: 12357: 12352: 12348: 12344: 12340: 12336: 12332: 12328: 12324: 12320: 12316: 12312: 12308: 12303: 12302: 12290: 12284: 12280: 12276: 12272: 12268: 12264: 12258: 12254: 12250: 12245: 12244: 12232: 12226: 12222: 12218: 12213: 12209: 12203: 12199: 12194: 12193: 12192:Simón Bolívar 12186: 12182: 12176: 12172: 12167: 12166: 12160: 12156: 12152: 12146: 12142: 12138: 12133: 12129: 12123: 12119: 12114: 12113: 12107: 12103: 12102: 12084: 12079: 12072: 12067: 12060: 12055: 12048: 12044: 12040: 12036: 12031: 12024: 12020: 12016: 12011: 12004: 11999: 11983: 11979: 11975: 11969: 11962: 11957: 11941: 11937: 11933: 11926: 11920:, p. 13. 11919: 11914: 11907: 11903: 11898: 11891: 11887: 11883: 11878: 11871: 11866: 11860:, p. 90. 11859: 11854: 11847: 11842: 11835: 11830: 11828: 11820: 11816: 11812: 11807: 11800: 11795: 11789:, p. 44. 11788: 11783: 11776: 11772: 11767: 11761:, p. 18. 11760: 11755: 11748: 11743: 11737:, p. 14. 11736: 11731: 11724: 11720: 11715: 11708: 11704: 11699: 11692: 11688: 11684: 11679: 11672: 11668: 11663: 11656: 11651: 11644: 11639: 11633:, p. 15. 11632: 11627: 11621:, p. 84. 11620: 11616: 11611: 11595: 11591: 11590: 11589:Time Magazine 11585: 11578: 11562: 11558: 11557: 11552: 11545: 11529: 11525: 11524: 11519: 11513: 11497: 11493: 11492: 11487: 11480: 11464: 11460: 11459: 11454: 11447: 11445: 11428: 11424: 11423: 11418: 11411: 11395: 11391: 11387: 11381: 11365: 11361: 11360: 11355: 11348: 11341: 11337: 11333: 11328: 11321: 11317: 11313: 11308: 11301: 11297: 11293: 11289: 11284: 11277: 11273: 11269: 11264: 11257: 11253: 11249: 11245: 11240: 11233: 11229: 11224: 11217: 11213: 11209: 11204: 11197: 11193: 11189: 11185: 11181: 11176: 11169: 11165: 11160: 11153: 11149: 11145: 11140: 11133: 11129: 11125: 11121: 11116: 11109: 11105: 11101: 11097: 11092: 11085: 11081: 11077: 11073: 11069: 11064: 11057: 11053: 11049: 11044: 11037: 11033: 11029: 11025: 11021: 11016: 11009: 11005: 11000: 10993: 10989: 10985: 10981: 10976: 10969: 10965: 10961: 10957: 10952: 10945: 10941: 10936: 10929: 10925: 10921: 10917: 10912: 10905: 10901: 10897: 10893: 10889: 10884: 10877: 10873: 10868: 10861: 10857: 10853: 10849: 10844: 10837: 10833: 10829: 10824: 10817: 10813: 10809: 10804: 10797: 10793: 10789: 10785: 10780: 10773: 10769: 10765: 10760: 10753: 10749: 10744: 10737: 10733: 10728: 10721: 10717: 10713: 10708: 10692: 10688: 10682: 10675: 10671: 10667: 10662: 10655: 10651: 10647: 10643: 10638: 10631: 10627: 10622: 10615: 10611: 10607: 10603: 10598: 10591: 10586: 10579: 10574: 10567: 10563: 10559: 10555: 10550: 10543: 10539: 10534: 10527: 10523: 10518: 10511: 10507: 10503: 10499: 10494: 10492: 10484: 10480: 10475: 10468: 10464: 10459: 10452: 10447: 10445: 10437: 10433: 10429: 10425: 10421: 10416: 10409: 10405: 10400: 10393: 10388: 10381: 10377: 10373: 10368: 10361: 10357: 10353: 10348: 10341: 10336: 10334: 10326: 10322: 10318: 10314: 10309: 10302: 10298: 10294: 10290: 10285: 10278: 10274: 10269: 10262: 10258: 10254: 10249: 10242: 10238: 10234: 10229: 10222: 10217: 10210: 10206: 10201: 10194: 10190: 10186: 10182: 10177: 10170: 10165: 10158: 10154: 10150: 10146: 10142: 10137: 10130: 10126: 10122: 10118: 10113: 10106: 10102: 10098: 10093: 10086: 10082: 10078: 10074: 10069: 10062: 10058: 10054: 10050: 10046: 10041: 10034: 10030: 10026: 10021: 10014: 10010: 10005: 9998: 9994: 9990: 9986: 9982: 9977: 9970: 9966: 9962: 9957: 9950: 9946: 9942: 9938: 9933: 9926: 9921: 9919: 9911: 9907: 9903: 9899: 9894: 9887: 9883: 9878: 9871: 9867: 9863: 9859: 9854: 9847: 9843: 9839: 9834: 9827: 9823: 9819: 9814: 9807: 9803: 9798: 9791: 9786: 9779: 9775: 9771: 9766: 9759: 9755: 9751: 9747: 9742: 9735: 9731: 9726: 9719: 9715: 9710: 9703: 9699: 9694: 9687: 9682: 9680: 9672: 9667: 9660: 9656: 9652: 9648: 9643: 9636: 9632: 9628: 9623: 9616: 9611: 9604: 9600: 9596: 9591: 9584: 9580: 9575: 9568: 9564: 9560: 9555: 9548: 9543: 9536: 9532: 9528: 9524: 9519: 9512: 9508: 9504: 9499: 9492: 9488: 9484: 9480: 9475: 9468: 9463: 9456: 9452: 9448: 9444: 9439: 9432: 9428: 9423: 9416: 9412: 9408: 9403: 9396: 9392: 9387: 9380: 9376: 9372: 9368: 9363: 9356: 9352: 9348: 9343: 9336: 9332: 9328: 9324: 9319: 9312: 9308: 9303: 9296: 9292: 9288: 9283: 9276: 9272: 9268: 9263: 9256: 9252: 9248: 9243: 9236: 9232: 9228: 9223: 9216: 9211: 9204: 9200: 9196: 9192: 9188: 9183: 9176: 9172: 9167: 9160: 9156: 9151: 9144: 9140: 9136: 9132: 9127: 9120: 9116: 9111: 9104: 9100: 9095: 9088: 9083: 9076: 9072: 9068: 9063: 9056: 9052: 9047: 9040: 9035: 9028: 9024: 9019: 9012: 9008: 9004: 9000: 8995: 8988: 8984: 8980: 8976: 8971: 8964: 8959: 8952: 8948: 8944: 8939: 8932: 8928: 8923: 8916: 8912: 8908: 8903: 8896: 8892: 8888: 8884: 8879: 8872: 8867: 8865: 8863: 8855: 8851: 8846: 8839: 8835: 8831: 8827: 8822: 8815: 8810: 8803: 8799: 8795: 8791: 8786: 8779: 8774: 8767: 8763: 8759: 8755: 8750: 8743: 8739: 8734: 8727: 8722: 8715: 8711: 8706: 8699: 8694: 8687: 8682: 8675: 8671: 8667: 8662: 8655: 8650: 8643: 8639: 8635: 8630: 8623: 8619: 8615: 8610: 8603: 8599: 8595: 8590: 8583: 8579: 8575: 8571: 8566: 8559: 8555: 8551: 8546: 8539: 8535: 8531: 8527: 8522: 8515: 8511: 8506: 8499: 8494: 8487: 8483: 8479: 8475: 8470: 8463: 8459: 8454: 8447: 8443: 8439: 8434: 8427: 8423: 8418: 8411: 8407: 8402: 8395: 8390: 8383: 8379: 8375: 8370: 8363: 8359: 8354: 8347: 8343: 8339: 8334: 8327: 8323: 8318: 8311: 8307: 8302: 8295: 8291: 8287: 8283: 8278: 8271: 8267: 8262: 8255: 8251: 8247: 8242: 8235: 8230: 8223: 8219: 8215: 8210: 8203: 8199: 8194: 8187: 8183: 8178: 8171: 8167: 8163: 8158: 8151: 8147: 8143: 8139: 8135: 8130: 8123: 8119: 8115: 8110: 8103: 8099: 8095: 8090: 8083: 8079: 8075: 8070: 8063: 8058: 8051: 8047: 8043: 8039: 8034: 8027: 8023: 8019: 8014: 8007: 8003: 7999: 7995: 7991: 7986: 7979: 7975: 7971: 7966: 7959: 7955: 7951: 7946: 7939: 7935: 7931: 7927: 7922: 7915: 7910: 7903: 7899: 7895: 7891: 7887: 7882: 7876:, p. 90. 7875: 7871: 7866: 7859: 7854: 7847: 7843: 7839: 7835: 7830: 7823: 7819: 7815: 7811: 7806: 7799: 7795: 7791: 7786: 7779: 7775: 7771: 7767: 7763: 7758: 7751: 7747: 7743: 7738: 7732:, p. 54. 7731: 7727: 7723: 7718: 7712:, p. 88. 7711: 7707: 7703: 7698: 7691: 7687: 7682: 7675: 7671: 7667: 7662: 7656:, p. 87. 7655: 7651: 7646: 7639: 7635: 7631: 7627: 7622: 7615: 7611: 7606: 7599: 7594: 7587: 7582: 7575: 7571: 7567: 7563: 7558: 7556: 7548: 7543: 7536: 7532: 7528: 7523: 7516: 7512: 7508: 7503: 7496: 7491: 7484: 7480: 7476: 7471: 7465:, p. 49. 7464: 7460: 7455: 7448: 7444: 7440: 7435: 7428: 7423: 7416: 7412: 7408: 7403: 7396: 7391: 7384: 7379: 7372: 7367: 7361:, p. 77. 7360: 7355: 7348: 7344: 7340: 7336: 7331: 7325:, p. 79. 7324: 7320: 7315: 7308: 7303: 7297:, p. 84. 7296: 7292: 7287: 7280: 7275: 7268: 7264: 7260: 7256: 7251: 7244: 7239: 7232: 7228: 7224: 7220: 7216: 7211: 7205:, p. 75. 7204: 7199: 7192: 7188: 7184: 7180: 7175: 7168: 7164: 7160: 7155: 7149:, p. 70. 7148: 7144: 7139: 7132: 7128: 7124: 7119: 7112: 7108: 7104: 7100: 7095: 7088: 7084: 7080: 7075: 7068: 7063: 7056: 7052: 7048: 7044: 7039: 7032: 7028: 7023: 7016: 7012: 7007: 7000: 6996: 6992: 6987: 6980: 6976: 6972: 6968: 6963: 6956: 6952: 6947: 6941:, p. 38. 6940: 6936: 6931: 6924: 6920: 6916: 6911: 6904: 6900: 6896: 6892: 6887: 6880: 6876: 6871: 6864: 6860: 6856: 6851: 6844: 6840: 6836: 6831: 6824: 6820: 6816: 6811: 6804: 6800: 6796: 6791: 6784: 6780: 6776: 6771: 6764: 6760: 6755: 6748: 6744: 6740: 6735: 6729:, p. 93. 6728: 6723: 6721: 6719: 6712:, p. 57. 6711: 6706: 6699: 6695: 6691: 6687: 6682: 6675: 6670: 6664:, p. 96. 6663: 6658: 6651: 6647: 6643: 6639: 6634: 6627: 6622: 6615: 6610: 6603: 6599: 6594: 6587: 6583: 6578: 6571: 6567: 6563: 6559: 6554: 6547: 6543: 6539: 6535: 6531: 6526: 6520:, p. 91. 6519: 6514: 6507: 6503: 6498: 6491: 6487: 6482: 6475: 6470: 6464:, p. 56. 6463: 6458: 6451: 6446: 6439: 6435: 6431: 6426: 6419: 6415: 6411: 6407: 6403: 6398: 6391: 6386: 6380:, p. 46. 6379: 6375: 6370: 6364:, p. 97. 6363: 6359: 6354: 6347: 6342: 6336:, p. 31. 6335: 6331: 6326: 6320:, p. 31. 6319: 6315: 6310: 6304:, p. 87. 6303: 6298: 6292:, p. 31. 6291: 6287: 6282: 6276:, p. 42. 6275: 6270: 6264:, p. 32. 6263: 6258: 6252:, p. 85. 6251: 6246: 6240:, p. 54. 6239: 6234: 6228:, p. 95. 6227: 6222: 6215: 6211: 6207: 6202: 6195: 6191: 6187: 6182: 6176:, p. 95. 6175: 6171: 6167: 6162: 6156:, p. 95. 6155: 6151: 6147: 6142: 6136:, p. 95. 6135: 6131: 6126: 6119: 6115: 6111: 6106: 6099: 6095: 6091: 6086: 6079: 6075: 6071: 6066: 6060:, p. 92. 6059: 6055: 6050: 6043: 6039: 6035: 6031: 6027: 6022: 6016:, p. 38. 6015: 6010: 6004:, p. 87. 6003: 5999: 5995: 5990: 5984:, p. 48. 5983: 5979: 5974: 5968:, p. 85. 5967: 5962: 5956:, p. 86. 5955: 5951: 5946: 5939: 5935: 5931: 5926: 5920:, p. 84. 5919: 5915: 5910: 5903: 5899: 5895: 5890: 5883: 5879: 5875: 5870: 5864:, p. 81. 5863: 5859: 5855: 5850: 5843: 5839: 5834: 5827: 5823: 5818: 5812:, p. 79. 5811: 5807: 5803: 5798: 5791: 5787: 5783: 5779: 5774: 5767: 5763: 5758: 5752:, p. 80. 5751: 5747: 5743: 5738: 5732:, p. 77. 5731: 5727: 5722: 5716:, p. 18. 5715: 5710: 5704:, p. 72. 5703: 5699: 5695: 5690: 5684:, p. 71. 5683: 5679: 5674: 5668:, p. 70. 5667: 5663: 5659: 5655: 5650: 5644:, p. 27. 5643: 5638: 5631: 5627: 5623: 5618: 5611: 5607: 5602: 5596:, p. 63. 5595: 5591: 5587: 5583: 5578: 5572:, p. 62. 5571: 5567: 5562: 5555: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5538: 5532:, p. 61. 5531: 5527: 5523: 5518: 5511: 5507: 5506:Bushnell 2003 5502: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5483: 5479: 5474: 5467: 5463: 5458: 5452:, p. 52. 5451: 5447: 5442: 5436:, p. 15. 5435: 5431: 5426: 5420:, p. 52. 5419: 5414: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5395: 5391: 5386: 5380:, p. 51. 5379: 5375: 5371: 5366: 5360:, p. 51. 5359: 5354: 5347: 5343: 5339: 5335: 5331: 5326: 5319: 5315: 5311: 5306: 5300:, p. 48. 5299: 5294: 5288:, p. 48. 5287: 5283: 5278: 5272:, p. 20. 5271: 5267: 5263: 5258: 5252:, p. 47. 5251: 5247: 5242: 5236:, p. 18. 5235: 5230: 5224:, p. 47. 5223: 5219: 5214: 5208:, p. 20. 5207: 5202: 5200: 5198: 5190: 5186: 5182: 5177: 5171:, p. 13. 5170: 5166: 5162: 5157: 5151:, p. 46. 5150: 5146: 5142: 5137: 5131:, p. 46. 5130: 5126: 5121: 5115:, p. 44. 5114: 5110: 5106: 5101: 5094: 5089: 5082: 5077: 5071:, p. 44. 5070: 5065: 5059:, p. 44. 5058: 5054: 5050: 5046: 5041: 5035:, p. 43. 5034: 5030: 5026: 5021: 5015:, p. 43. 5014: 5010: 5005: 4999:, p. 18. 4998: 4994: 4989: 4983:, p. 37. 4982: 4977: 4971:, p. 38. 4970: 4966: 4962: 4957: 4951:, p. 42. 4950: 4946: 4941: 4935:, p. 37. 4934: 4930: 4925: 4919:, p. 37. 4918: 4914: 4910: 4906: 4901: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4881: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4861: 4859: 4852:, p. 34. 4851: 4847: 4842: 4836:, p. 33. 4835: 4831: 4827: 4822: 4816:, p. 32. 4815: 4810: 4804:, p. 32. 4803: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4786: 4780:, p. 32. 4779: 4775: 4770: 4763: 4760:, p. 9; 4759: 4755: 4750: 4744:, p. 22. 4743: 4740:, p. 9; 4739: 4735: 4730: 4724:, p. 25. 4723: 4720:, p. 9; 4719: 4714: 4708:, p. 17. 4707: 4702: 4696:, p. 25. 4695: 4691: 4686: 4680:, p. 13. 4679: 4674: 4672: 4665:, p. 24. 4664: 4660: 4656: 4651: 4645:, p. 25. 4644: 4639: 4637: 4630:, p. 24. 4629: 4626:, p. 9; 4625: 4621: 4616: 4609: 4605: 4600: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4576: 4569: 4564: 4558:, p. 11. 4557: 4552: 4546:, p. 18. 4545: 4542:, p. 9; 4541: 4537: 4532: 4526:, p. 18. 4525: 4522:, p. 9; 4521: 4516: 4510:, p. 21. 4509: 4505: 4501: 4496: 4489: 4484: 4477: 4474:, p. 4; 4473: 4469: 4464: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4444: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4424: 4417: 4412: 4405: 4402:, p. 4; 4401: 4398:, p. 2; 4397: 4393: 4389: 4384: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4359: 4354: 4348: 4332: 4328: 4327:HarperCollins 4324: 4323: 4318: 4312: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4282: 4266: 4262: 4256: 4252: 4236: 4227: 4219: 4214: 4207: 4201: 4193: 4192: 4183: 4153: 4146: 4145: 4135: 4092: 4082: 4075: 4070: 4066: 4056: 4053: 4051: 4048: 4046: 4043: 4042: 4036: 4034: 4028: 4023: 4022:stole a sword 4019: 4015: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3993: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3965: 3963: 3956: 3945: 3943: 3937: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3883: 3878: 3876: 3871: 3869: 3864: 3863: 3861: 3860: 3857: 3852: 3847: 3846: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3823: 3819: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3763: 3757: 3756: 3749: 3748:United States 3746: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3733: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3658: 3652: 3651: 3644: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3623:Metapolitefsi 3621: 3619: 3616: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3539: 3536: 3534: 3531: 3529: 3526: 3524: 3521: 3519: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3504: 3501: 3499: 3496: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3487: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3476: 3470: 3469: 3459: 3458: 3457:On Revolution 3454: 3449: 3448: 3444: 3439: 3438: 3434: 3429: 3428: 3427:Rights of Man 3424: 3419: 3418: 3414: 3409: 3408: 3404: 3399: 3398: 3394: 3389: 3388: 3384: 3379: 3378: 3374: 3369: 3368: 3364: 3359: 3358: 3354: 3349: 3348: 3344: 3339: 3338: 3337:De re publica 3334: 3329: 3328: 3324: 3323: 3317: 3316: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3164: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3154: 3151: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3143:Jones (Lynne) 3141: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3131: 3129: 3126: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3114: 3111: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3101: 3099: 3096: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3054: 3051: 3049: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3009: 3006: 3004: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2986: 2984: 2981: 2979: 2976: 2974: 2971: 2969: 2966: 2964: 2961: 2959: 2956: 2954: 2951: 2949: 2946: 2944: 2941: 2939: 2938:Adams (Gerry) 2936: 2935: 2929: 2928: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2908: 2906: 2903: 2901: 2898: 2896: 2893: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2876: 2873: 2871: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2846: 2843: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2788: 2786: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2767: 2761: 2760: 2753: 2750: 2748: 2745: 2743: 2740: 2738: 2737:Revolutionary 2735: 2733: 2730: 2728: 2727:Parliamentary 2725: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2698: 2695: 2693: 2690: 2688: 2685: 2684: 2678: 2677: 2670: 2667: 2665: 2662: 2660: 2657: 2655: 2652: 2650: 2647: 2645: 2642: 2640: 2637: 2635: 2632: 2631: 2625: 2624: 2617: 2614: 2612: 2609: 2607: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2536:Civil society 2534: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2523: 2517: 2516: 2513: 2512:Republicanism 2510: 2509: 2506: 2502: 2501: 2493: 2491: 2487: 2484: 2479: 2475: 2470: 2468: 2465: 2461: 2454: 2449: 2444: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2425: 2420: 2411: 2409: 2403: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2381: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2349: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2323: 2318: 2314: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2299: 2294: 2292: 2287: 2281: 2276: 2266: 2264: 2260: 2259: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2240: 2235: 2229: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2178: 2173: 2169: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2153: 2148: 2147:the surrender 2145:and accepted 2144: 2138: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2118: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2100: 2097: 2091: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2068: 2062: 2057: 2054: 2048: 2046: 2042: 2041:Manuela Sáenz 2038: 2030: 2029:Manuela Sáenz 2025: 2021: 2017: 2012: 2008: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1965: 1963: 1959: 1954: 1952: 1946: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1927: 1922: 1918: 1913: 1907: 1902: 1897: 1892: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1877: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1858:Eastern Range 1855: 1850: 1848: 1844: 1839: 1833: 1828: 1823: 1819: 1803: 1798: 1793: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1770: 1764: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1746:Orinoco River 1743: 1738: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1706: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1682: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1654: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1616: 1611: 1602: 1598: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1584:Pablo Morillo 1581: 1575: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1553: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1530: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1515: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1487: 1483: 1478: 1474: 1472: 1468: 1467:El Libertador 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1446: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1423: 1421: 1417: 1411: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1376: 1371: 1365: 1360: 1350: 1346: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1327: 1321: 1319: 1313: 1308: 1301: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1266: 1260: 1255: 1249: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1223: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1194: 1189: 1180: 1178: 1174: 1173:his residence 1170: 1166: 1160: 1158: 1152: 1147: 1143: 1142:Great Britain 1139: 1135: 1130: 1126: 1121: 1119: 1115: 1114:Juan de Casas 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1094: 1090: 1085: 1081: 1080:United States 1077: 1073: 1072:New York City 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1038: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1014: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 999:Pope Pius VII 996: 992: 988: 984: 980: 979:King of Italy 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 954: 948: 939: 937: 933: 932:Aimé Bonpland 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 907: 902: 898: 894: 888: 883: 877: 875: 871: 867: 863: 862:San Ildefonso 855: 850: 841: 839: 835: 831: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 806: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 787: 786:San Ildefonso 778: 774: 770: 768: 764: 760: 754: 749: 745: 739: 734: 730: 724: 722: 716: 711: 707: 701: 696: 692: 682: 678: 673: 666: 661: 657: 651: 646: 643:(born 1779), 640: 635: 632:(born 1777), 629: 624: 623:María Antonia 620: 614: 609: 605: 600: 598: 597: 592: 588: 587:Basque region 583: 577: 572: 566: 561: 557: 553: 543: 540: 536: 530: 528: 527:Gran Colombia 524: 519: 515: 511: 507: 503: 499: 495: 491: 487: 483: 479: 475: 470: 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 419: 417: 413: 412:El Libertador 409: 405: 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 373: 364: 360: 356: 352: 349: 348:Manuela Sáenz 346: 342: 323: 318: 314: 307: 304: 301: 298: 297: 295: 291: 288: 285: 283:Resting place 281: 275: 274:Gran Colombia 271: 262: 258: 254: 250: 238: 234: 229: 225: 222: 219: 213: 210: 207: 201: 195: 190: 187: 182: 179: 176: 170: 167: 164: 158: 152: 147: 144: 140: 137: 134: 128: 125: 122: 116: 110: 105: 102: 97: 93: 86: 81: 77:Simón Bolívar 74: 71: 67: 60: 59: 54: 53: 48: 44: 37: 33: 19: 16021: 16004: 15992:from Commons 15987: 15966: 15709:Institutions 15503:Lucas Alamán 15492: 15485: 15231:Billinghurst 14971:Luna Pizarro 14940: 14911:Luna Pizarro 14806:2020–present 14789:Jeanine Áñez 14308:Germán Busch 14113:Aniceto Arce 13811: 13736:Álvaro Uribe 13606:Rafael Reyes 13586:Rafael Núñez 13568:Rafael Núñez 13553:Rafael Núñez 13368: 13146: 13138: 13130: 13122: 13114: 13106: 13098: 13079: 12901: 12893:James Monroe 12889: 12881:Andrés Bello 12861: 12835: 12798: 12790: 12764: 12741: 12691: 12672: 12667: 12652: 12647: 12630: 12621: 12600: 12593: 12586: 12568: 12559: 12514: 12491: 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Retrieved 4255: 4235: 4226: 4212: 4091: 4081: 4069: 4045:Libertadores 4006:Conservative 3994: 3988:created the 3967: 3961: 3958: 3953: 3938: 3891: 3820: 3455: 3445: 3435: 3425: 3415: 3405: 3395: 3385: 3375: 3365: 3355: 3345: 3335: 3325: 3138:Jones (Elin) 3043:Flynn (Paul) 3003:Clarke (Tom) 2998:Clark (Katy) 2977: 2943:Adams (John) 2764:Philosophers 2541:Civic virtue 2503:Part of the 2471: 2445: 2441:tuberculosis 2433:Barranquilla 2429: 2393:aide-de-camp 2391:, Bolívar's 2382: 2350: 2327: 2295: 2282: 2278: 2256: 2230: 2224:against the 2182: 2139: 2123:Junín region 2101: 2092: 2049: 2034: 2027:Portrait of 1971: 1955: 1921:two treaties 1893: 1878: 1854:Tame, Arauca 1851: 1815: 1739: 1735:firing squad 1707: 1683: 1655: 1620: 1554: 1531: 1512: 1490: 1480:Portrait of 1466: 1447: 1441:the city of 1431:an offensive 1424: 1356: 1347: 1343:its fortress 1323: 1316:, quoted by 1303: 1283: 1224: 1197: 1161: 1122: 1095: 1068:Philadelphia 1041: 1031:Portrait of 973:and then to 956: 950: 942: 901:Rue Vivienne 880:Bolívar and 878: 870:yellow fever 861: 859: 810:Manuel Godoy 807: 793:, bound for 785: 782: 729:Andrés Bello 725: 688: 656:house slaves 645:Juan Vicente 601: 594: 549: 535:tuberculosis 531: 471: 447:yellow fever 441:and married 420: 415: 411: 371: 370: 302:(until 1810) 265:(1830-12-17) 246:24 July 1783 216:Succeeded by 208: 193: 173:Succeeded by 150: 131:Succeeded by 108: 70: 56: 50: 43:Spanish name 16052:1830 deaths 16047:1783 births 15619:Petrocaribe 15316:Pérez Godoy 15261:Elías Arias 15216:S. Calderón 14926:Riva Agüero 14776:Evo Morales 14750:Carlos Mesa 14711:Hugo Banzer 14555:Juan Pereda 14542:Hugo Banzer 14373:Tomás Monje 14061:Tomás Frías 14035:Tomás Frías 13854:(1828–1829) 13823:(1825–1828) 13143:(2013 film) 13135:(2003 film) 13127:(2002 film) 13119:(1980 film) 13111:(1969 film) 13103:(1942 film) 12949:(1819–20), 12945:(1815–16), 12842: [ 12827: [ 12816: [ 12805: [ 12782: [ 12771: [ 12253:Verso Books 12159:Lynch, John 11719:Racine 2008 11691:Racine 2008 11655:Racine 2008 11619:Jaksic 2008 11433:12 November 4301:14 February 4025: [ 3998:Hugo Chávez 3922:Montesquieu 3771:Common good 3711:New Zealand 3706:Netherlands 3451:(1835–1840) 3421:(1787–1788) 3331:(c. 375 BC) 3253:Robespierre 3028:Etherington 2963:Benn (Tony) 2932:Politicians 2910:Tocqueville 2870:Montesquieu 2850:Machiavelli 2596:Rule of law 2591:Res publica 2478:Hugo Chávez 2451: [ 2400: [ 2311:Bucaramanga 2237: [ 2150: [ 2115: [ 2059: [ 2014: [ 1943: [ 1924: [ 1904: [ 1830: [ 1811: 1826 1800: [ 1776: [ 1761: [ 1595: [ 1588:Santa Marta 1572: [ 1550:Manuel Piar 1473:on 23 May. 1408: [ 1373: [ 1362: [ 1310: [ 1272: [ 1257: [ 1246: [ 1149: [ 1087: [ 904: [ 885: [ 826:summer home 763:Maria Luisa 751: [ 736: [ 713: [ 698: [ 675: [ 663: [ 648: [ 637: [ 626: [ 611: [ 574: [ 563: [ 480:, fighting 293:Nationality 270:Santa Marta 204:Preceded by 161:Preceded by 119:Preceded by 16036:Categories 16006:Quotations 14991:Santa Cruz 14946:Santa Cruz 14906:San Martín 14891:Presidents 14295:David Toro 13746:Iván Duque 13159:Sculptures 13073:Literature 12678:1819–1830 12668:New office 12653:Libertador 12614:Marx, Karl 12047:Arana 2013 12039:Lynch 2006 12023:Arana 2013 12015:Lynch 2006 12003:Arana 2013 11961:Lynch 2006 11906:Arana 2013 11890:Arana 2013 11846:Arana 2013 11819:Arana 2013 11815:Lynch 2006 11811:Masur 1969 11799:Lynch 2006 11775:Ewell 2008 11707:Lynch 2006 11703:Masur 1969 11687:Ewell 2008 11671:Lynch 2006 11667:Masur 1969 11643:Lynch 2006 11340:Arana 2013 11336:Lynch 2006 11320:Arana 2013 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451:Grand Tour 242:1783-07-24 15959:Venezuela 15863:Biography 15784:CARIFORUM 15624:Rio Group 15376:Kuczynski 15281:Benavides 15236:Benavides 15121:Gutiérrez 15071:San Román 15061:Echenique 15046:Figuerola 15016:Figuerola 14986:Salaverry 14802:Luis Arce 14793:2019–2020 14780:2006–2019 14767:2005–2006 14754:2003–2005 14741:2002–2003 14728:2001–2002 14715:1997–2001 14702:1993–1997 14689:1989–1993 14676:1985–1989 14663:1982–1985 14637:1981–1982 14624:1980–1981 14611:1979–1980 14572:1978–1979 14546:1971–1978 14533:1970–1971 14520:1969–1970 14494:1966–1969 14468:1964–1966 14455:1960–1964 14442:1956–1960 14429:1952–1956 14416:1951–1952 14403:1949–1951 14390:1947–1949 14377:1946–1947 14351:1943–1946 14338:1940–1943 14325:1939–1940 14312:1937–1939 14299:1936–1937 14286:1934–1936 14273:1931–1934 14260:1930–1931 14247:1926–1930 14234:1925–1926 14221:1921–1925 14208:1917–1920 14195:1913–1917 14182:1909–1913 14169:1904–1909 14156:1899–1904 14143:1896–1899 14130:1892–1896 14117:1888–1892 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791:La Guaira 580:. He was 414:, or the 388:Venezuela 354:Signature 194:In office 151:In office 109:In office 16097:Radicals 15887:Colombia 15670:CARIPASS 15648:Projects 15594:Mercosur 15401:Boluarte 15396:Castillo 15381:Vizcarra 15356:Paniagua 15351:Fujimori 15166:Iglesias 15131:Zevallos 15076:Castilla 15066:Castilla 15056:Castilla 15051:Menéndez 15041:Menéndez 15031:Castilla 15001:Menéndez 14981:Bermúdez 14976:Orbegoso 14839:Category 12953:(1819), 12905:Napoleon 12765:Parents: 12458:23 April 12452:Archived 12317:: 1–10. 12161:(2006). 12108:(2013). 11982:Archived 11940:Archived 11936:BBC News 11594:Archived 11528:Archived 11523:BBC News 11496:Archived 11463:Archived 11427:Archived 11422:El Mundo 11364:Archived 4295:Archived 4271:29 March 4196:Spanish: 4086:dispute. 4039:See also 3926:Rousseau 3736:Scotland 3676:Barbados 3327:Republic 3243:Prescott 3213:Naysmith 3203:McKechin 3163:La Malfa 3158:Khomeini 3118:Iorwerth 3083:Griffith 3058:Gambetta 3053:Galloway 3038:Ferguson 3018:Davidson 3013:Cromwell 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11469:13 June 11400:9 April 11370:17 July 4363:Longman 4191:-liv-ar 4010:Liberal 3970:bolívar 3910:Spinoza 3701:Morocco 3691:Jamaica 3686:Ireland 3671:Bahamas 3473:History 3293:Taverne 3268:Skinner 3248:Ritchie 3193:Madison 3173:Lincoln 3123:Jackson 3113:Huppert 3108:Hopkins 3033:Fabiani 2993:Chapman 2978:Bolívar 2968:Bennett 2958:Bartley 2948:Atatürk 2860:Mazzini 2855:Madison 2785:Bentham 2775:Baggini 2742:Secular 2722:Islamic 2707:Federal 2644:Federal 2628:Schools 2330:walkout 2202:Bolivia 2009:at the 1982:Ecuador 1731:mulatto 1580:Jamaica 1381:Curaçao 1212:Guayana 1200:liberal 1056:Hamburg 822:engaged 799:Santoña 596:criollo 552:Caracas 502:Jamaica 431:criollo 425:in the 423:Caracas 404:Bolivia 392:Ecuador 338: 330: 326: 300:Spanish 249:Caracas 52:Bolívar 47:surname 18:Bolívar 15935:Panama 15818:Events 15386:Merino 15371:Humala 15366:García 15361:Toledo 15346:García 15246:Leguía 15226:Leguía 15206:Romaña 15171:Arenas 14956:La Mar 14916:La Mar 13911:(1841) 13902:(1841) 13832:(1828) 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856:, 1921 834:Teruel 830:Bilbao 759:Madrid 704:, the 490:second 435:Madrid 402:, and 400:Panama 380: 376: 316:Spouse 16023:Texts 15989:Media 15700:SUCRE 15306:Odría 15296:Odría 15251:Ponce 15141:Prado 15136:Pardo 15116:Balta 15106:Prado 15096:Pezet 15091:Prado 15086:Pezet 15036:Elías 15026:Nieto 15011:Vidal 14931:Sucre 13194:Other 12846:] 12831:] 12820:] 12809:] 12791:Wife: 12786:] 12775:] 12697:1825 12343:S2CID 12335:JSTOR 12313:(2). 4247:Notes 4213:Simón 4029:] 3741:Wales 3721:Spain 3696:Japan 3283:Smith 3258:Sayed 3238:Pound 3233:Nehru 3228:Nandy 3198:Magid 3178:Lucas 3168:Lewis 3078:Grévy 3073:Greer 2973:Black 2953:Azaña 2875:Paine 2845:Locke 2815:Crick 2790:Bodin 2780:Bello 2681:Types 2455:] 2404:] 2298:Ocaña 2286:balls 2241:] 2194:Sucre 2154:] 2131:Cuzco 2119:] 2063:] 2018:] 1947:] 1928:] 1908:] 1862:Socha 1847:Andes 1834:] 1804:] 1780:] 1765:] 1635:Haiti 1599:] 1576:] 1557:Tunja 1495:of a 1412:] 1377:] 1366:] 1314:] 1276:] 1261:] 1250:] 1171:, at 1153:] 1091:] 975:Milan 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