658:, when the latter became the new Ilkhan in 1295. Although, his reputation may have been little diminished during Ghazan's reign, Ghazan respected Bolad. Seeing Mongol commoners selling their children as damaging the Mongol nation, similar to Kublai, Ghazan budgeted funds to redeem Mongol slaves and made Bolad the commander of the
476:
By 1277, he held multiple offices including Censor-in-Chief, Grand
Supervisor of Agriculture, Director of Imperial Household Provisions, a member of Ministry of Imperial Rites, Vice Military Affairs Commissioner (the post was held by heir-apparent of khagan, thus he was also de facto
995:
388:, inheriting his father's title. In addition, he did oral and written translations for the state affairs as one of the intellectuals of the Mongols. He led a military contingent in 1264 to suppress Chinese rebels in
530:
same year. However, Fanakati was killed in 1282, which turned the fraud investigation into murder investigation. Bolad informed Kublai of Ahmad's misdeeds, which paved the way for execution of Ahmad's associates.
988:
609:
named Shirin, thus starting a new life in the Middle East. His sons served the Yuan government while he had a big influence in
Ilkhanate court. He was instrumental in appointing his favorite
981:
492:
780:
427:
90:
836:
376:), his eldest son, and Bolad, who was probably a child of seven or eight years. So Bolad became fluent in Chinese in addition to his native Mongolian language.
643:
in Iran in 1294. Although it proved to be a failure owing to the resistance of local population, this was the first time, the paper money was issued in the
717:
503:
459:
408:
366:
355:
127:
639:, summoned Bolad to advise him about the use of paper money then circulating in the Yuan. After taking consultation, the Ilkhan's court issued
338:. Since his father's title was prestige of honor, and he was explicitly trusted by Genghis Khan, Jurghi commanded a personal thousand of the
610:
940:
A Compendium of
Chronicles: Rashid al-Din's Illustrated History of the World (The Nasser D. Khalili Collection of Islamic Art, Vol XXVII)
1048:
1250:
399:(1264). He served as one of the directors of the new Office of State Ceremonial founded in October 1271, where he worked together with
1189:
1194:
508:
973:
921:
856:
792:
705:
who served the Ilkhan as main advisors. He was responsible for logistical support system during the Gilan campaign in 1307.
497:
1255:
488:
728:). He was posthumously created Prince of Yongfeng (永豐郡王) by Ayurbarwada. He had a son in Ilkhanate, named "Pir Hamid".
964:
945:
1166:
1270:
1265:
1260:
302:
to write about the
Mongols. Mongolists consider him a cultural bridge between East and West. He was ennobled by
251:
903:
519:, however the operation failed and Bolad returned to capital in 1279. Same year he interrogated Song loyalist
572:
1240:
432:
419:
95:
142:
745:
Amitai-Preiss, Reuven (1996). "Ghazan, Islam and Mongol
Tradition: A View from the Mamlūk sultanate".
469:) as its director. Bolad later succeeded him in 1271 under the orders of Kublai, to which appointment
1123:
670:
473:
protested, claiming censorate and directorate are incompatible posts, to which Kublai didn't listen.
843:, Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 63–71,
787:, Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 72–80,
602:
440:
While a member of
Censorate, he also helped to establish the Office of Supervisors of Agriculture (
303:
240:
1003:
1156:
666:
426:
as censor in chief from 1275 but was forced to resign in 1277 in favor of more older Öz Temür (
299:
878:
1245:
1141:
694:
516:
8:
1118:
1092:
625:
1004:
464:
413:
371:
360:
221:
132:
17:
1151:
960:
953:
941:
917:
852:
788:
674:
621:
909:
844:
754:
721:
709:
598:
564:
441:
231:
201:
1038:
848:
644:
1087:
527:
483:). In the latter capacity, he was instrumental in consolidation Mongol rule in
269:
1028:
913:
758:
298:
and cultural adviser to the
Ilkhans. He also provided valuable information to
1234:
1008:
520:
400:
295:
1181:
1079:
1033:
689:
678:
659:
635:
Facing difficulties to finance the coffers of the empty imperial treasury,
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331:
283:
396:
1161:
614:
351:
347:
58:
1113:
1209:
1069:
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683:
606:
291:
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702:
628:
in 1288, as well as execution of Malik Jalal al-Din, an associate of
590:
540:
423:
287:
205:
66:
1204:
640:
636:
484:
479:
389:
185:
335:
1199:
1053:
1043:
905:
The Īlkhān Öljeitü’s
Conquest Of Gīlān (1307): Rumour and Reality
594:
404:
279:
1171:
1058:
1023:
698:
655:
617:
580:
556:
552:
548:
544:
470:
449:
343:
339:
323:
259:
1219:
1214:
651:
568:
384:
After Kublai ascended to the throne in 1260, Bolad served as
326:(or Dörbet) tribe and his father, Jurghi (Yurki), who was a
1146:
720:
of the Yuan on 6 July 1311. Bolad died on 26 April 1313 in
629:
601:. Although he had a family (his wife and two sons) left in
509:
1097:
515:) - grandson of Külgen, 6th son of Genghis Khan) in the
593:
2 years later. Arghun appointed him a commander of his
747:
Bulletin of the School of
Oriental and African Studies
245:
395:
Bolad also served as judge in the sensitive case of
225:
491:. He accompanied Nomughan (son of Kublai), Toghon (
952:
1232:
815:Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire
563:due to the conflicts between the Yuan and the
989:
955:The Empire of Steppes: A History Central Asia
744:
681:(1304–16), Bolad achieved great influence as
996:
982:
551:enthroned in 1285. He gave imperial seal,
813:Atwood, Christopher P. "Bolad chinsang".
526:Later Bolad was appointed to investigate
950:
901:
605:, Bolad was given a former concubine of
37:Great Khan's representative in Ilkhanate
879:"shumiyuan 樞密院 (www.chinaknowledge.de)"
274:
1233:
841:Culture and Conquest in Mongol Eurasia
834:
785:Culture and Conquest in Mongol Eurasia
778:
662:which consisted of Mongol slave boys.
555:(imperial order) and crown to the new
523:, who didn't agree to submit Mongols.
1005:High-ranking ministers and commanders
977:
597:and assigned him of certain tasks in
876:
830:
828:
826:
824:
774:
772:
770:
768:
458:) in March 1270 with Zhang Wenqian (
781:"Rashīd al-Dīn and Pūlād chīnksānk"
235:
13:
934:
812:
708:Bolad was awarded the Duke of Ze (
665:It is claimed that Bolad assisted
286:of China, and later served in the
143:Vice Military Affairs Commissioner
14:
1282:
1251:Yuan dynasty government officials
821:
765:
753:(1). University of London: 1–10.
650:Bolad also intermediated between
902:Melville, Charles (2000-01-01).
835:Allsen, Thomas T., ed. (2001),
779:Allsen, Thomas T., ed. (2001),
534:
226:
105:Grand Supervisor of Agriculture
895:
870:
806:
738:
585:
576:
454:
314:(永豐郡王) in 1313, posthumously.
264:
255:
1:
731:
624:instead of his elder brother
317:
290:as the representative of the
227:Болад чинсан, Болад ага, Болд
178:
155:
959:. Rutgers University Press.
849:10.1017/cbo9780511497445.012
559:. Bolad could not return to
330:, attached to the palace of
7:
571:, while his companion Isa (
379:
246:
10:
1287:
1256:Officials of the Ilkhanate
420:Minister of Imperial Rites
15:
1180:
1132:
1078:
1016:
914:10.1163/9789004492738_011
759:10.1017/S0041977X00028524
713:
445:
422:. He later worked in the
278:, d.1313), was an ethnic
211:
191:
174:
169:
165:
148:
141:
120:
109:
104:
83:
72:
64:
52:
41:
36:
32:
25:
1167:Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad
951:Grousset, Rene (1988).
837:"Qubilai and Bolad Aqa"
489:Mongol conquest of Song
304:Emperor Renzong of Yuan
1271:13th-century diplomats
1266:12th-century diplomats
1261:Historians of Mongolia
1157:Rashid al-Din Hamadani
726:Republic of Azerbaijan
667:Rashid-al-Din Hamadani
517:campaign against Kaidu
346:. In 1248, the prince
322:Bolad was born in the
300:Rashid-al-Din Hamadani
883:www.chinaknowledge.de
354:scholar Zhang Dehui (
1142:Shams al-Din Juvayni
1241:13th-century births
697:, he ranked behind
539:He was sent to the
877:Theobald, Ulrich.
407:, and Xu Shilong (
365:) to tutor Dorji (
312:Prince of Yongfeng
310:(澤國公) in 1311 and
18:Bolad (given name)
16:For the name, see
1228:
1227:
1011:and its divisions
923:978-90-04-49273-8
858:978-0-521-80335-9
794:978-0-521-80335-9
677:very well. Under
675:Mongolian history
671:Universal History
244:
215:
214:
199:(aged 72–73)
1278:
998:
991:
984:
975:
974:
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958:
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832:
819:
818:
810:
804:
803:
802:
801:
776:
763:
762:
742:
718:Ayurbarwada Khan
715:
673:because he knew
587:
578:
565:Chagatai Khanate
514:
511:
502:) and Urughtai (
501:
468:
456:
447:
436:
418:) - head of the
417:
375:
364:
282:minister of the
276:
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170:Personal details
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1039:Mahmud Yalavach
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935:Further reading
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833:
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811:
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766:
743:
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693:. According to
645:history of Iran
537:
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462:
430:
411:
382:
369:
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320:
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184:
181:
158:
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126:Zhang Wenqian (
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84:
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53:
47:
42:
28:
21:
12:
11:
5:
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1154:
1152:Sa'ad al-Dawla
1149:
1144:
1138:
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1130:
1129:
1127:
1126:
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1111:
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1103:
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1088:Ahmad Fanakati
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736:
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733:
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536:
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528:Ahmad Fanakati
381:
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213:
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195:April 26, 1313
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139:
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124:
118:
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65:Censor of the
62:
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39:
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26:
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1037:
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1021:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1009:Mongol Empire
1006:
999:
994:
992:
987:
985:
980:
979:
976:
968:
966:0-8135-1304-9
962:
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946:0-19-727627-X
943:
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638:
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627:
623:
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592:
589:) made it to
588:
582:
574:
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566:
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554:
550:
546:
542:
532:
529:
524:
522:
521:Wen Tianxiang
518:
512:
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494:
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486:
482:
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472:
466:
461:
457:
451:
443:
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429:
425:
421:
415:
410:
406:
402:
401:Liu Bingzhong
398:
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377:
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368:
362:
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353:
349:
345:
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337:
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329:
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296:Mongol Empire
293:
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82:
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71:
68:
63:
60:
57:
51:
45:
40:
35:
31:
24:
19:
1182:Golden Horde
1119:Bayan Merkid
1105:
1093:Bayan Baarin
1080:Yuan dynasty
1034:Shigi Qutuqu
1017:Early empire
954:
904:
897:
886:. Retrieved
882:
872:
862:, retrieved
840:
814:
808:
798:, retrieved
784:
750:
746:
740:
707:
688:
682:
664:
649:
634:
584:
561:Yuan dynasty
538:
535:In Ilkhanate
525:
478:
475:
453:
439:
394:
385:
383:
350:ordered the
332:Genghis Khan
327:
321:
311:
307:
284:Yuan dynasty
273:
263:
217:
216:
197:(1313-04-26)
150:
111:
85:Succeeded by
74:
54:Appointed by
43:
1246:1313 deaths
1162:Demasq Kaja
1110:Dawlat Shah
1029:Yelü Chucai
547:soon after
507: [
496: [
487:during the
463: [
431: [
412: [
370: [
359: [
182: 1240
159: 1277
131: [
122:Preceded by
94: [
59:Kublai Khan
1235:Categories
1210:Nogai Khan
1070:Arghun Aqa
888:2023-01-14
864:2023-01-14
800:2023-01-14
732:References
615:Hazaraspid
611:Afrasiab I
607:Abaqa Khan
567:headed by
318:Background
308:Duke of Ze
292:Great Khan
270:Wade–Giles
89:Öz Temür (
1134:Ilkhanate
1049:Masud Beg
908:. Brill.
703:Kutlushah
684:chingsang
669:to write
632:in 1289.
541:Ilkhanate
493:脱欢 (札剌儿氏)
424:Censorate
397:Ariq Böke
288:Ilkhanate
241:romanized
222:Mongolian
206:Ilkhanate
151:In office
116:1272–1285
112:In office
79:1275–1277
75:In office
67:Censorate
48:1285–1313
44:In office
1205:Boroldai
1114:El Temür
724:(modern
641:jiaochao
637:Gaykhatu
622:Luristan
603:Mongolia
599:Khurasan
510:Wikidata
485:Jiangnan
480:Shumishi
455:Sīnóngsī
390:Shandong
386:ba’urchi
380:In China
334:'s wife
328:ba'urchi
186:Mongolia
1200:Negudar
1190:Kuremsa
1124:Toqto'a
1066:Bulghai
1054:Chinqai
1044:Subutai
1007:of the
710:Chinese
695:Kashani
679:Öljeitü
595:kheshig
573:Chinese
442:Chinese
405:Xu Heng
342:of the
294:of the
252:Chinese
243::
232:Persian
1195:Nevruy
1172:Chupan
1102:Sengga
1059:Khadag
1024:Muqali
963:
944:
920:
855:
791:
712::
699:Chupan
656:Ghazan
618:atabeg
583::
581:pinyin
575::
557:Ilkhan
553:jarlig
549:Arghun
545:Persia
471:Antong
452::
450:pinyin
444::
348:Kublai
344:Khagan
340:guards
324:Dörben
280:Mongol
272::
262::
260:pinyin
254::
161:- 1285
1220:Edigu
1215:Mamai
1106:Bolad
722:Arran
716:) by
660:tumen
652:Baydu
626:Ahmad
586:Àixiě
569:Kaidu
513:]
500:]
467:]
435:]
428:玉昔帖木儿
416:]
374:]
363:]
336:Börte
275:Po-lo
265:Bóluó
247:Pulâd
236:پولاد
218:Bolad
202:Arran
135:]
98:]
91:玉昔帖木儿
27:Bolad
1147:Buqa
1063:Bala
961:ISBN
942:ISBN
918:ISBN
853:ISBN
789:ISBN
701:and
690:agha
687:and
654:and
630:Buqa
591:Dadu
192:Died
175:Born
1098:Aju
910:doi
845:doi
755:doi
714:澤國公
620:of
613:as
543:in
504:忽魯歹
460:张文谦
446:司農司
437:).
409:徐世隆
367:朵儿只
356:張德輝
352:Han
306:as
128:张文谦
1237::
916:.
881:.
851:,
839:,
823:^
783:,
767:^
751:59
749:.
647:.
579:;
577:愛寫
498:zh
465:zh
448:;
433:zh
414:zh
403:,
392:.
372:zh
361:zh
268:;
258:;
256:孛羅
250:,
238:,
234::
230:,
224::
204:,
179:c.
156:c.
133:zh
96:zh
997:e
990:t
983:v
969:.
926:.
912::
891:.
847::
817:.
761:.
757::
220:(
137:)
100:)
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.