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traffic bollard from all angles. The main components are housed below the road or pedestrian surface (typically a concrete surface). Therefore, if a vehicle strikes the traffic bollard, the units below the surface are not damaged. In addition, most new modern traffic bollards installed along UK roadways today are made of materials that make them completely collapsible. When struck by a vehicle at low or high speed, the traffic bollard shell reverts to its original position with minimal to no damage to the unit.
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778:. Usually they are made of timber, minimally modified from the traditionally cylindrical, wooden, maritime bollard shape, but brightly painted to resemble human figures. Such figures – which may be historical or contemporary, particular or generic – are sited singly or in clusters along the waterfront and in other areas where people gather. Decorative bollards have become a well-known feature of the city of Geelong and reflect its history as a major Australian port.
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surrounding surfaces, and return to their original, upright position. Some flexible bollards do not provide physical protection from vehicles; rather they offer clear visual guidance for drivers. Other flexible bollards have been designed to provide physical protection as well as reduced damage by incorporating strong elastic materials. These can be all plastic or plastic/steel hybrids but combine varying degrees of stopping power and flexibility.
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Bollards have become common use for reserving parking spots from unauthorized vehicles. Parking bollards are typically situated in the centre of a parking bay as a physical obstruction. They then fold either manually or automatically to admit authorized users. These bollards are often used in smaller
397:
In the maritime contexts in which the term originates, a bollard is either a wooden or iron post found as a deck-fitting on a ship or boat, and used to secure ropes for towing, mooring and other purposes; or its counterpart on land, a short wooden, iron, or stone post on a quayside to which craft can
723:
Fire Code 1 (NFPA-1) all new buildings or renovated buildings must have fire access roadways to accommodate fire apparatus and crews and other first responders. Thus the choice of bollard styles must apply to the NFPA's Code 1710. Bollards are now designed in terms of how long it takes to remove or
513:
Internally illuminated traffic bollards have been in existence throughout the United
Kingdom and Ireland since the 1930s, although the term "bollard" only seems to have been in common use since the late 1940s. An illuminated bollard has a recessed base light unit in the foundation to illuminate the
607:
These bollards protect utilities, electronics, machinery, buildings, or pedestrians from accidental or intentional collisions with vehicles. As collisions also cause damage to vehicles, operators, or the bollards themselves, new bollards have been developed that absorb some of the impact energy,
560:
Flexible bollards are bollards designed to bend when struck by vehicles. They are typically made from synthetic plastic or rubber that is stiff on its own, but pliable under the weight of a car or truck. When struck, flexible bollards give way to some extent, reducing damage to vehicles and
536:
A bell bollard is a style of bollard designed to deflect vehicle tires. The wheel mounts the lower part of the bollard and is deflected by its increasing slope. Such bollards are effective against heavy goods vehicles that may damage or destroy conventional bollards or other types of street
402:
of 1867 defines a bollard in a more specific context as "a thick piece of wood on the head of a whale-boat, round which the harpooner gives the line a turn, in order to veer it steadily, and check the animal's velocity". Bollards on ships, when arranged in pairs, may also be referred to as
1712:
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Driver behaviour and accident records at unsignalized urban intersections. Abishai Polusa, Department of Civil
Engineering & Transportation Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel. June 1984. Available online 4 July
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within the splitter islands (a raised or painted area on the approach of a roundabout used to separate entering from exiting traffic, deflect and slow entering traffic, and provide a stopping place for pedestrians crossing the road in two stages).
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446:. They may be mounted near enough to each other that they block ordinary cars/trucks, for instance, but spaced widely enough to permit special-purpose vehicles, bicycles, and pedestrians to pass through. Bollards may also be used to enclose
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Self-righting or self-recovering bollards can take a nudge from a vehicle and return to the upright position without causing damage to the bollard or vehicle. They are popular in car park buildings and other areas of high vehicle usage.
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808:, a set of 21 bollards was installed in 2008 in the Lanes area north of City Hall, designed by artist Oliver Creed and commissioned by the City Council as part of a regeneration programme. They are coloured "
827:
also alluding to local history. 10 of these depict the madder plant, while the other 11 have unique designs, usually relevant to the specific location in which the bollard is placed, including a scene of
959:
682:
U-shaped bollards are typically used for the protection of equipment and are common in areas that need coverage over a wider area than of a normal bollard, such as fuel stations and bike lanes.
283:
boats. In modern usage, it also refers to posts installed to control road traffic and posts designed to prevent automotive vehicles from colliding or crashing into pedestrians and structures.
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Wooden posts were used for basic traffic management from at least the beginning of the 18th century. An early well-documented case is that of the "two oak-posts" set up next to the medieval
668:
Potentially threatening and disruptive persons for whom bollard applications are proscriptive by announcing their behavior is anticipated, and that additional levels of security await them.
1033:
1831:
Ernest B. Abbott and Otto J. Hetzel, "Homeland
Security Begins at Home: Local Planning and Regulatory Review to Improve Security", in Rufus Calhoun Young, Jr. and Dwight H. Merriam,
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High security bollards are impact-tested in accordance with one or more of three major crash test ratings for vehicle barriers. These are PAS 68 (UK), IWA-14 (International) and
855:. The ten outer bollards are static, but the "books" making up the four central bollards can be swivelled, so that the lettering on their spines aligns to form the Latin phrase
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1650:"Road Traffic Signs and Internally Illuminated Bollards. Specification for Internally Illuminated Bollards", British Standards Institution, 1980
431:
Bollards can be used either to control traffic intake size by limiting movements, or to control traffic speed by narrowing the available space.
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to provide a visual cue to approaching drivers that an obstacle exists ahead during hours of darkness and during periods of low visibility:
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bollards may also be used; they need no power or maintenance, and can be built to recover to their normal position after being struck.
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639:(WBDG)—recommends in its Design Guidance that open spaces surrounding and contiguous to buildings be included as integral parts of a
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Manually retractable bollards (lowered by a key mechanism) are found useful in some cases because they require less infrastructure.
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lessening the violence of the collision. Some are made of forgiving plastics while others are made of steel but fitted with an
1981:
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Bollard sleeves in various alloys or finishes are designed to cover security bollards to enhance their visual attractiveness.
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Law-abiding persons who comply with civil prescriptions of behavior as defined by the manner in which bollards are put to use;
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The term "robotic bollards" has been applied to traffic barricades capable of moving themselves into position on a roadway.
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1484:
Boulting, Nikolaus (1976). "The law's delays: conservationist legislation in the
British Isles". In Fawcett, Jane (ed.).
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2013:
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2073:"Rethinking Bollards: How Bollards Can Save Lives, Prevent Injuries and Relieve Traffic Congestion in New York City"
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109:
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Internally illuminated traffic bollards direct vehicles to the appropriate side of an island in the United
Kingdom.
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Bollards can be temporary and portable, such as this traffic control bollard separating the road from the worksite.
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205:
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661:, non-crash-resistant bollards are "perceived impediments to access" and address the actions of two groups:
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847:, England, a line of 14 bronze bollards made to resemble piles of books was installed in 2009. This work,
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2146:. Public Sculpture of Britain. Vol. 16. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. pp. 64–5.
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in 1742. Five bollards stand beyond the arch, apparently placed to protect it from vehicle damage.
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parking lots such as visitor parking or corporate parking lots, as an alternative to boom gates.
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1935:"ASTM F2656 / F2656M - 18a Standard Test Method for Crash Testing of Vehicle Security Barriers"
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U.S. Department of
Transportation: "Roundabouts:An Informational Guide", FHWA-RD-00-067, 2000
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1892:"The Bollard: Non-Crash and Non-Attack-Resistant Models | Whole Building Design Guide"
1833:
A Legal Guide to
Homeland Security and Emergency Management for State and Local Governments
1686:
1302:
763:
1659:
Philip Weber, Scott
Ritchie: "Internationally Recognized Roundabout Signs", Paper for the
993:, Hampshire, England, installed in 1944 for the use of craft destined to take part in the
8:
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in 1993. This example was followed by other artists, turning the quayside of the river
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is a sturdy, short, vertical post. The term originally referred to a post on a ship or
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Crash- and attack-resistant bollards used to protect places at risk of being attacked.
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Bollards are used to protect buildings, public spaces, and the people in them from
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Traffic bollards are used to highlight traffic islands. They are primarily used at
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1870:
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774:, are placed around the city to enhance the landscape as a form of outdoor public
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cloth, one of the city's major industries during the 16th century; and they bear
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301:(referring to a maritime bollard) dates from 1844, although a reference in the
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326:, London: an engraving of 1766. Six bollards stand in front of the building.
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2020:
1982:"NCEF Assessment Guide : Outdoor Athletic Facilities and Playgrounds"
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267:, were the first type of bollard. The use of the term has since expanded.
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1871:
Security for
Building Occupants and Assets, Whole Building Design Guide
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442:
Permanent bollards can be used for traffic-control or guarding against
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2251:"My favourite library is being transformed into a beacon of naffness"
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collapse them to allow first responders entry to the access roadway.
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1599:"Our Best Defense Against Vehicular Terrorism Can Also Be Beautiful"
72:
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Dual carriageway / Divided highway / Expressway
2328:
2217:"A Don's Life: Is it a bollard? Is it a sculpture? Is it a book?"
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805:
801:
794:
786:
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372:
280:
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1709:"Surrey County Council – Reflective bollards on traffic islands"
315:
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2014:"NCEF Assessment Guide: School Grounds and Site Access Control"
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951:
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Old cannon used as a mooring bollard, near the entrance of the
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821:
616:
528:
390:
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A bell bollard is especially useful to deflect heavy vehicles.
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579:
Security bollard in front of a shop doorway, placed to deter
404:
276:
1486:
The Future of the Past: attitudes to conservation, 1174–1974
2359:
1802:
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1021:
837:
789:, artist Eddy Gabriel transformed a bollard to look like a
295:, meaning a tree trunk. The earliest citation given by the
3190:
2191:"Cambridge University Library Forecourt. Cambridge. 2009"
2169:"Norwich Bollards: full set of photos of bollard finials"
2121:"Witzenstein: Who told you not to believe in fairytales?"
1008:
Internally illuminated bollards direct traffic in
England
817:
593:
planters provide protection similar to that of bollards.
1566:"10 ship terms and definitions even smart people misuse"
189:
1788:"Do bollards offer protection against vehicle attacks?"
358:, "to secure Waltham Cross from injury by Carriages".
646:
There are two main kinds of security-related bollard:
812:
red", in reference to the red dye extracted from the
707:(NIBS), cited three dozen applications of bollards.
627:(ABA) states that bollards are used to contribute to
2275:
http://www.trouvezleamontreal.com/app/obj/?oid=13145
1510:
Heavy Words Lightly Thrown: The Reason Behind Rhyme
97:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1530:
1404:
899:Old cannon used as bollard, outside the church of
1403:
701:National Clearinghouse for Educational Facilities
502:Illuminated bollards are also used to supplement
184:contains too many pictures for its overall length
3748:
1850:"Space Types | Whole Building Design Guide"
1672:Simmonsigns, Simbol Product Specifications, 2006
1108:Rising bollards can retract to allow passage of
354:, Hertfordshire, in 1721, at the expense of the
2047:"Bollard design for trails and fire protection"
1301:2 bollards protecting a natural gas entry at a
1093:A removable metal bollard out of its socket in
770:, decorative bollards, sculpted and painted by
1771:"REDUCING DAMAGE FROM VEHICLE-BOLLARD IMPACTS"
1529:
1471:An article in the 19 July 1817 edition of the
2344:
859:("from/out of the books"), commonly used on
2118:
1609:
1488:. London: Thames & Hudson. p. 13.
946:Late 19th or early 20th-century bollard in
439:to control traffic also reduced accidents.
307:in 1817 describes bollards as huge posts.
60:Learn how and when to remove these messages
16:Short post for mooring, traffic control etc
2351:
2337:
2291:Bollardology: observing the City of London
1619:. Department for Transport. Archived from
1020:Internally illuminated traffic bollard in
615:Bollards are widely used to contribute to
473:
433:Israel's Transportation Research Institute
1883:
1563:
1127:Truck collision with a rebounding bollard
242:Learn how and when to remove this message
224:Learn how and when to remove this message
157:Learn how and when to remove this message
2166:
2078:. Transportation Alternatives. July 2007
1780:
1483:
970:in an Amsterdam street, in the painting
742:
731:
585:
574:
527:
493:
482:1980s traffic bollard in Prague, Czechia
477:
464:
419:
376:
329:
314:
255:
188:Relevant discussion may be found on the
2144:Public Sculpture of Norfolk and Suffolk
1864:
705:National Institute of Building Sciences
659:National Institute of Building Sciences
633:National Institute of Building Sciences
3749:
2038:
1701:
1596:
710:
3447:Median / Central reservation
2332:
2245:
2211:
2141:
1438:New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1289:at the Centre commercial Saint-Martin
694:
2288:
2049:. Americantrails.org. Archived from
1663:National Roundabout Conference, 2005
1551:participating institution membership
1425:participating institution membership
721:National Fire Protection Association
415:
198:indiscriminate collections of images
168:
95:adding citations to reliable sources
66:
25:
1685:. Simmonsigns.co.uk. Archived from
685:
13:
3365:Risk compensation (road transport)
2358:
2282:
2221:TLS: The Times Literary Supplement
2167:Reynolds, Leo (16 December 2007).
1753:"Robotic Bollards to Take Control"
1390:
1323:Automatic number-plate recognition
263:bollards, such as this one in the
14:
3788:
2308:
2044:
1889:
1808:
1711:. Surreycc.gov.uk. Archived from
1564:Herwadkar, Nihar (5 March 2019).
1239:A bollard that also serves as an
840:'s head in Swan Lane, and so on.
41:This article has multiple issues.
3731:Glossary of road transport terms
2314:
1597:Grabar, Henry (30 August 2017).
1294:
1278:
1251:
1232:
1217:
1202:
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1163:
1132:
1120:
1101:
1086:
1074:Manually retractable bollard at
1067:
1052:
1032:
1013:
1001:
982:
958:
939:
924:
908:
892:
876:
356:Society of Antiquaries of London
291:The term is probably related to
206:Manual of Style on use of images
173:
71:
30:
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2239:
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2135:
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2006:
1974:
1952:
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1590:
435:found that putting bollards at
410:
82:needs additional citations for
49:or discuss these issues on the
1813:. Blue Ember Technologies, LLC
1580:
1557:
1523:
1502:
1477:
1465:
1443:
1431:
1209:Cannonball-shaped bollards in
1039:Bollards separating pavement (
883:Ancient Roman bell bollard in
736:Figural bollard sculptures in
540:
1:
3713:Pavement performance modeling
3703:International roughness index
2319:The dictionary definition of
1661:Transportation Research Board
1451:"Online Etymology Dictionary"
1384:
650:Non-crash-resistant bollards.
612:to absorb the impact energy.
564:
200:or adjusting images that are
3708:Present serviceability index
3502:Sidewalk / Pavement
3047:Diamond grinding of pavement
2119:witzenstein (24 July 2007).
1960:"Hostile vehicle mitigation"
845:Cambridge University Library
752:Cambridge University Library
719:(IFC-2009) and the American
454:can also be used to control
389:features bollards made from
286:
7:
3680:Underpass / Tunnel
3675:Overpass / Flyover
3429:High-occupancy vehicle lane
3319:Driving under the influence
2393:Freeway / Motorway
1310:
797:into a street art gallery.
637:Whole Building Design Guide
555:
424:A London street bollard in
366:
10:
3793:
2607:Highway systems by country
2293:. London: Quickfry Books.
2123:. Witzenstein.blogspot.com
2019:. Ncef.org. Archived from
1987:. Ncef.org. Archived from
866:
851:, was created by sculptor
727:
571:Hostile vehicle mitigation
568:
370:
310:
18:
3726:
3718:Granular base equivalency
3688:
3659:
3565:
3537:Traffic signal preemption
3382:
3342:
3304:
3146:
3135:
2987:
2945:Right-in/right-out (RIRO)
2874:
2851:Single-point urban (SPUI)
2791:
2782:
2710:
2615:
2529:
2411:
2378:
2369:
1538:Oxford English Dictionary
1512:, Thorndike Press, 2006 (
1412:Oxford English Dictionary
1264:St Martin Shopping Centre
336:Arch of Septimius Severus
298:Oxford English Dictionary
3698:Pavement condition index
3424:High-occupancy toll lane
3419:Contraflow lane reversal
3394:Barrier transfer machine
1837:American Bar Association
1285:2 bollards protecting a
1258:5 bollards protecting 5
1139:Green plastic bollards,
625:American Bar Association
361:
21:Bollard (disambiguation)
2552:Express-collector setup
2142:Cocke, Richard (2013).
1543:Oxford University Press
1417:Oxford University Press
1343:Highway location marker
717:International Fire Code
703:(NCEF), managed by the
523:
474:Traffic-island bollards
444:vehicle-ramming attacks
204:in accordance with the
3736:Road types by features
3631:Raised pavement marker
3598:Constant-slope barrier
3522:Traffic directionality
3512:Street running railway
2935:Protected intersection
1186:Cast iron bollards in
1043:) from roadway at the
901:St Helen's Bishopsgate
755:
740:
597:
583:
533:
499:
483:
470:
428:
394:
343:
327:
268:
3593:Concrete step barrier
2930:Offset T-intersection
2215:(11 September 2009).
1876:15 March 2011 at the
1170:Decorated bollard in
1141:artificial whitewater
1047:, Clerkenwell, London
972:Backlight Langestraat
746:
735:
589:
578:
531:
497:
481:
468:
450:. Bollards and other
423:
380:
333:
318:
279:used principally for
259:
3636:Road surface marking
3334:Single-vehicle crash
3057:Full depth recycling
2955:Seagull intersection
2289:Ross, Cathy (2022).
1735:"Urban Park Bollard"
1683:"Striking a Bollard"
989:Mooring bollards at
843:On the forecourt of
338:in Rome, painted by
194:improve this article
91:improve this article
19:For other uses, see
3757:Road infrastructure
3462:Pedestrian crossing
3025:Reinforced concrete
2861:Three-level diamond
2572:Two-lane expressway
2557:Farm-to-market road
1880:, 14 December 2010.
1741:on 27 October 2009.
1541:(Online ed.).
1415:(Online ed.).
1305:in Chomedey, Quebec
816:plant and used for
711:US fire regulations
602:car ramming attacks
3492:Runaway truck ramp
3314:Driver's education
3102:Rubberized asphalt
3037:Crocodile cracking
2960:Split intersection
2728:Hierarchy of roads
2689:Single carriageway
2249:(4 January 2010).
2098:"Geelong Bollards"
2045:Oakes, Charles G.
2026:on 29 October 2013
1994:on 29 October 2013
1890:Oakes, Charles G.
1790:. DW. 8 March 2018
1715:on 30 October 2013
1617:"Pavement parking"
1473:Caledonian Mercury
1196:Sir Antony Gormley
872:Different bollards
756:
741:
695:Other applications
598:
584:
534:
500:
484:
471:
429:
400:Sailor's Word-Book
395:
344:
328:
304:Caledonian Mercury
269:
3744:
3743:
3552:Wide outside lane
3378:
3377:
3355:Automotive safety
3236:Road slipperiness
2983:
2982:
2831:Diverging diamond
2778:
2777:
2694:Single-track road
2636:Bicycle boulevard
2153:978-1-84631-712-5
1962:. www.cpni.gov.uk
1549:(Subscription or
1495:978-0-8230-7184-5
1423:(Subscription or
931:Mooring bollard,
738:Geelong, Victoria
715:According to the
657:According to the
629:homeland security
456:overspill parking
416:Roadside bollards
324:Leadenhall Street
252:
251:
244:
234:
233:
226:
167:
166:
159:
141:
64:
3784:
3767:Street furniture
3588:Cat's eye (road)
3409:Complete streets
3181:Dead Man's Curve
3144:
3143:
3082:Pavement milling
2997:Asphalt concrete
2940:Quadrant roadway
2881:
2803:
2789:
2788:
2755:Street hierarchy
2403:Elevated highway
2376:
2375:
2353:
2346:
2339:
2330:
2329:
2318:
2304:
2277:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2223:. Archived from
2209:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2077:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2025:
2018:
2010:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1993:
1986:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1887:
1881:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1846:
1840:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1809:Oakes, Charles.
1806:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1759:. 28 April 2004.
1749:
1743:
1742:
1737:. Archived from
1731:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1679:
1673:
1670:
1664:
1657:
1651:
1648:
1642:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1594:
1588:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1568:. Marine Insight
1561:
1555:
1554:
1546:
1534:
1527:
1521:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1481:
1475:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1453:. Etymonline.com
1447:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1420:
1408:
1401:
1298:
1282:
1255:
1245:Brussels Airport
1236:
1221:
1211:Istanbul, Turkey
1206:
1183:
1167:
1136:
1124:
1105:
1090:
1071:
1056:
1045:Spa Green Estate
1036:
1017:
1005:
986:
967:Amsterdammertjes
962:
943:
928:
912:
896:
880:
750:bollard outside
686:Parking bollards
452:street furniture
320:East India House
247:
240:
229:
222:
218:
215:
209:
202:sandwiching text
177:
176:
169:
162:
155:
151:
148:
142:
140:
99:
75:
67:
56:
34:
33:
26:
3792:
3791:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3781:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3740:
3722:
3690:
3684:
3655:
3646:Traffic barrier
3606:F-Shape barrier
3561:
3517:Traffic calming
3477:Reversible lane
3467:Pedestrian zone
3452:Motorcycle lane
3414:Contraflow lane
3386:time allocation
3385:
3374:
3370:Underride guard
3338:
3300:
3186:Expansion joint
3148:
3138:
3131:
3117:Stamped asphalt
2979:
2910:Continuous flow
2883:
2879:
2878:
2870:
2804:
2800:grade-separated
2797:
2796:
2774:
2733:Private highway
2706:
2611:
2525:
2407:
2365:
2357:
2311:
2301:
2285:
2283:Further reading
2280:
2273:
2269:
2259:
2257:
2247:Greer, Germaine
2244:
2240:
2230:
2228:
2210:
2206:
2196:
2194:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2174:
2172:
2165:
2161:
2154:
2140:
2136:
2126:
2124:
2117:
2113:
2103:
2101:
2100:. Angelfire.com
2096:
2095:
2091:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2056:
2054:
2043:
2039:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2016:
2012:
2011:
2007:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1965:
1963:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1943:
1941:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1897:
1895:
1888:
1884:
1878:Wayback Machine
1869:
1865:
1855:
1853:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1830:
1826:
1816:
1814:
1807:
1803:
1793:
1791:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1773:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1718:
1716:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1692:
1690:
1689:on 3 March 2012
1681:
1680:
1676:
1671:
1667:
1658:
1654:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1626:
1624:
1623:on 8 April 2010
1615:
1614:
1610:
1595:
1591:
1585:
1581:
1571:
1569:
1562:
1558:
1548:
1528:
1524:
1508:Chris Roberts,
1507:
1503:
1496:
1482:
1478:
1470:
1466:
1456:
1454:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1436:
1432:
1422:
1402:
1391:
1387:
1382:
1373:Traffic barrier
1318:Amsterdammertje
1313:
1306:
1299:
1290:
1283:
1274:
1262:entries at the
1256:
1247:
1237:
1228:
1225:Museumsquartier
1222:
1213:
1207:
1198:
1184:
1175:
1168:
1159:
1137:
1128:
1125:
1116:
1114:Sofia, Bulgaria
1106:
1097:
1091:
1082:
1072:
1063:
1060:Stainless steel
1057:
1048:
1037:
1028:
1018:
1009:
1006:
997:
987:
978:
976:Frans Koppelaar
963:
954:
944:
935:
929:
920:
913:
904:
897:
888:
881:
869:
754:, by Harry Gray
730:
713:
697:
688:
641:security design
631:. The American
573:
567:
558:
543:
526:
508:street lighting
476:
418:
413:
398:be moored. The
381:Merwede-Canal,
375:
369:
364:
313:
289:
248:
237:
236:
235:
230:
219:
213:
210:
187:
178:
174:
163:
152:
146:
143:
100:
98:
88:
76:
35:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3790:
3780:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3733:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3694:
3692:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3663:
3661:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3616:Jersey barrier
3613:
3608:
3603:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3569:
3567:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3547:Unused highway
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3527:Traffic island
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3390:
3388:
3380:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3324:Drowsy driving
3321:
3316:
3310:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3206:Level crossing
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3152:
3150:
3141:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3004:
2999:
2993:
2991:
2985:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2905:Channelization
2902:
2897:
2892:
2890:3-way junction
2886:
2884:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2807:
2805:
2792:
2786:
2784:Road junctions
2780:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2748:business route
2745:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2678:
2676:Primitive road
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2547:County highway
2544:
2542:Collector road
2539:
2533:
2531:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2516:United Kingdom
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2451:Czech Republic
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2417:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2384:
2382:
2380:Limited-access
2373:
2367:
2366:
2356:
2355:
2348:
2341:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2310:
2309:External links
2307:
2306:
2305:
2299:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2267:
2238:
2227:on 6 June 2015
2204:
2182:
2159:
2152:
2134:
2111:
2089:
2064:
2053:on 18 May 2011
2037:
2005:
1973:
1951:
1926:
1905:
1882:
1863:
1841:
1824:
1801:
1779:
1762:
1744:
1726:
1700:
1674:
1665:
1652:
1643:
1634:
1608:
1603:Slate Magazine
1589:
1579:
1556:
1522:
1501:
1494:
1476:
1464:
1442:
1430:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1353:Jersey barrier
1350:
1348:Highway marker
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1291:
1284:
1277:
1275:
1257:
1250:
1248:
1238:
1231:
1229:
1223:
1216:
1214:
1208:
1201:
1199:
1194:, designed by
1185:
1178:
1176:
1169:
1162:
1160:
1138:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1119:
1117:
1107:
1100:
1098:
1092:
1085:
1083:
1073:
1066:
1064:
1058:
1051:
1049:
1038:
1031:
1029:
1019:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1000:
998:
995:D-Day landings
988:
981:
979:
964:
957:
955:
945:
938:
936:
930:
923:
921:
914:
907:
905:
898:
891:
889:
882:
875:
873:
868:
865:
830:sheep-shearing
729:
726:
712:
709:
696:
693:
687:
684:
670:
669:
666:
655:
654:
651:
595:Washington, DC
569:Main article:
566:
563:
557:
554:
542:
539:
525:
522:
475:
472:
448:car-free zones
417:
414:
412:
409:
368:
365:
363:
360:
312:
309:
288:
285:
250:
249:
232:
231:
214:September 2024
181:
179:
172:
165:
164:
79:
77:
70:
65:
39:
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3789:
3778:
3777:Traffic signs
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3725:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3687:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3658:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3626:Noise barrier
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3583:Cable barrier
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3564:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3532:Traffic lanes
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3472:Refuge island
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3437:Living street
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3404:Climbing lane
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3381:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3341:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3306:Human factors
3303:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3271:Traffic light
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3221:Oversize load
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3211:Manhole cover
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3134:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3042:Crushed stone
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
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2925:Michigan left
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2877:Intersections
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2827:
2826:Directional T
2824:
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2743:special route
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2537:Arterial road
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2521:United States
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2371:Types of road
2368:
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2325:at Wiktionary
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2300:9781399921237
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2022:
2015:
2009:
1990:
1983:
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1961:
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1518:0-7862-8517-6
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1328:Coal-tax post
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1080:New York City
1077:
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917:Grand Harbour
911:
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488:intersections
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437:highway exits
434:
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352:Waltham Cross
349:
348:Eleanor cross
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182:This article
180:
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158:
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139:
136:
132:
129:
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122:
118:
115:
111:
108: –
107:
103:
102:Find sources:
96:
92:
86:
85:
80:This article
78:
74:
69:
68:
63:
61:
54:
53:
48:
47:
42:
37:
28:
27:
22:
3651:Traffic cone
3641:Rumble strip
3572:
3542:Truck bypass
3497:Shared space
3457:Passing lane
3442:Managed lane
3399:Bicycle lane
3281:Washboarding
3276:Traffic sign
3201:Hairpin turn
2970:Texas U-turn
2900:Box junction
2794:Interchanges
2738:Route number
2646:Country lane
2388:Bike freeway
2321:
2290:
2270:
2258:. Retrieved
2255:The Guardian
2254:
2241:
2229:. Retrieved
2225:the original
2220:
2207:
2195:. Retrieved
2193:. Harry Gray
2185:
2173:. Retrieved
2162:
2143:
2137:
2125:. Retrieved
2114:
2102:. Retrieved
2092:
2080:. Retrieved
2067:
2055:. Retrieved
2051:the original
2040:
2028:. Retrieved
2021:the original
2008:
1996:. Retrieved
1989:the original
1976:
1964:. Retrieved
1954:
1942:. Retrieved
1939:www.astm.org
1938:
1929:
1917:. Retrieved
1914:"BSI PAS 68"
1908:
1896:. Retrieved
1885:
1866:
1854:. Retrieved
1844:
1832:
1827:
1815:. Retrieved
1804:
1792:. Retrieved
1782:
1765:
1756:
1747:
1739:the original
1729:
1717:. Retrieved
1713:the original
1703:
1691:. Retrieved
1687:the original
1677:
1668:
1655:
1646:
1637:
1625:. Retrieved
1621:the original
1611:
1602:
1592:
1582:
1570:. Retrieved
1559:
1536:
1525:
1509:
1504:
1485:
1479:
1467:
1455:. Retrieved
1445:
1437:
1433:
1410:
1378:Traffic cone
1287:fire hydrant
1188:Saint Helier
1076:Battery Park
971:
965:
948:Spitalfields
856:
848:
842:
799:
780:
772:Jan Mitchell
757:
747:
714:
698:
689:
681:
678:
671:
656:
645:
614:
606:
599:
559:
550:
547:
544:
535:
516:
512:
504:street signs
501:
485:
462:and verges.
441:
430:
411:Road traffic
399:
396:
345:
302:
296:
290:
272:
270:
265:Hudson River
253:
238:
220:
211:
196:by removing
183:
153:
144:
134:
127:
120:
113:
101:
89:Please help
84:verification
81:
57:
50:
44:
43:Please help
40:
3772:Streetworks
3762:Road safety
3689:Performance
3621:Kassel kerb
3578:Botts' dots
3566:Demarcation
3266:Storm drain
3231:Road debris
3156:Aquaplaning
3149:environment
3137:Road safety
3015:Cobblestone
2965:Superstreet
2770:Winter road
2718:Concurrency
2711:Other terms
2702:Sunken lane
2671:Main street
2616:Local roads
2213:Beard, Mary
1368:Sump buster
1338:Guard stone
1260:natural gas
885:Herculaneum
581:ram-raiders
541:Retractable
537:furniture.
387:Netherlands
3751:Categories
3691:indicators
3660:Structures
3611:Guard rail
3487:Road verge
3360:Seat belts
3296:Snowsquall
3261:Speed bump
3241:Road train
3062:Glassphalt
3002:Bioasphalt
2975:Turnaround
2950:Roundabout
2880:(at-grade)
2846:Roundabout
2811:Cloverleaf
2666:Green lane
2602:Trunk road
2530:Main roads
2413:By country
2104:26 October
2057:26 October
2030:26 October
1998:26 October
1898:26 October
1894:. Wbdg.org
1852:. Wbdg.org
1719:26 October
1693:26 October
1553:required.)
1457:26 October
1427:required.)
1385:References
1333:Guard rail
1303:McDonald's
1172:Winchester
1110:streetcars
991:Lepe Beach
974:(1993) by
933:Lyme Regis
861:bookplates
853:Harry Gray
565:Protective
518:Reflective
371:See also:
117:newspapers
46:improve it
3482:Road diet
3384:Space and
3329:Road rage
3216:Oil spill
3176:Crosswind
3166:Black ice
3161:Avalanche
3087:Permeable
2920:Jughandle
2915:Hook turn
2821:Free-flow
2765:Toll road
2684:Side road
2641:Boulevard
2597:Super two
2592:Ring road
2567:Link road
2466:Hong Kong
2421:Australia
2363:hierarchy
1817:3 October
1406:"bollard"
1363:Stanchion
1358:Milestone
1174:, England
857:Ex Libris
849:Ex Libris
834:Green Man
791:toadstool
776:sculpture
768:Australia
748:Ex libris
635:site—the
610:elastomer
460:sidewalks
340:Canaletto
287:Etymology
192:. Please
190:talk page
106:"Bollard"
52:talk page
3670:Causeway
3507:Shoulder
3343:Vehicles
3291:Whiteout
3251:Rockfall
3246:Roadkill
3171:Bleeding
3147:Road and
3107:Sealcoat
3032:Corduroy
3020:Concrete
3010:Chipseal
2989:Surfaces
2841:Raindrop
2656:Driveway
2651:Dead end
2631:Backroad
2582:2+2 road
2577:2+1 road
2501:Portugal
2491:Pakistan
2171:. flickr
2082:1 August
1874:Archived
1757:BBC News
1311:See also
1268:Chomedey
1143:course,
1062:bollards
1041:sidewalk
903:, London
764:Victoria
621:security
591:Concrete
556:Flexible
426:The City
367:Maritime
147:May 2022
3573:Bollard
3557:Woonerf
3286:Washout
3226:Pothole
3139:factors
3127:Texture
3097:Plastic
3077:Macadam
2866:Trumpet
2816:Diamond
2587:Parkway
2562:Highway
2476:Ireland
2456:Germany
2446:Croatia
2426:Belgium
2322:bollard
2175:15 June
2127:12 June
1966:5 April
1944:5 April
1919:5 April
1856:12 June
1794:8 April
1627:25 July
1241:ashtray
1153:Guizhou
1149:Majiang
950:, east
919:, Malta
887:, Italy
867:Gallery
825:finials
806:England
802:Norwich
795:Scheldt
787:Belgium
783:Antwerp
760:Geelong
728:Artwork
676:(US).
391:cannons
383:Utrecht
373:Mooring
311:History
281:mooring
273:bollard
261:Mooring
131:scholar
3666:Bridge
3350:Airbag
3122:Tarmac
3067:Gravel
2895:Bowtie
2836:Parclo
2760:Stroad
2723:Detour
2698:Street
2626:Avenue
2511:Taiwan
2496:Poland
2461:Greece
2436:Canada
2431:Brazil
2297:
2260:29 May
2231:29 May
2197:29 May
2150:
1839:, 2006
1572:5 June
1532:"bitt"
1516:
1492:
1440:, 1993
1272:Quebec
1227:Vienna
1192:Jersey
1095:London
952:London
822:bronze
814:madder
810:madder
623:. The
617:safety
133:
126:
119:
112:
104:
3092:Plank
3006:Brick
2856:Stack
2622:Alley
2506:Spain
2486:Nepal
2481:Italy
2471:India
2441:China
2076:(PDF)
2024:(PDF)
2017:(PDF)
1992:(PDF)
1985:(PDF)
1811:"PhD"
1774:(PDF)
1587:2002.
1547:
1421:
1157:China
1145:Xiasi
1026:Italy
818:dying
458:onto
405:bitts
362:Types
138:JSTOR
124:books
3602:Curb
3433:Lane
3196:Ford
3112:Sett
3052:Dirt
2680:Road
2360:Road
2295:ISBN
2262:2015
2233:2015
2199:2015
2177:2013
2148:ISBN
2129:2012
2106:2013
2084:2022
2059:2013
2032:2013
2000:2013
1968:2019
1946:2019
1921:2019
1900:2013
1858:2012
1819:2012
1796:2018
1721:2013
1695:2013
1629:2009
1574:2019
1514:ISBN
1490:ISBN
1459:2013
1022:Rome
838:swan
836:, a
832:, a
699:The
674:ASTM
619:and
524:Bell
506:and
334:The
293:bole
277:quay
110:news
3256:Rut
3191:Fog
3072:Ice
1266:in
1243:at
1112:in
800:In
781:In
758:In
604:.
407:".
350:at
93:by
3753::
2253:.
2219:.
1937:.
1835:,
1755:.
1601:.
1535:.
1409:.
1392:^
1270:,
1190:,
1155:,
1151:,
1147:,
1078:,
1024:,
863:.
804:,
785:,
766:,
762:,
643:.
385:,
322:,
271:A
55:.
2802:)
2798:(
2352:e
2345:t
2338:v
2303:.
2264:.
2235:.
2201:.
2179:.
2156:.
2131:.
2108:.
2086:.
2061:.
2034:.
2002:.
1970:.
1948:.
1923:.
1902:.
1860:.
1821:.
1798:.
1776:.
1723:.
1697:.
1631:.
1605:.
1576:.
1545:.
1520:)
1498:.
1461:.
1419:.
403:"
393:.
245:)
239:(
227:)
221:(
216:)
212:(
208:.
186:.
160:)
154:(
149:)
145:(
135:·
128:·
121:·
114:·
87:.
62:)
58:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
