29:
165:
significance has generally been lost: it is now usually just a night of revelry with a bonfire and fireworks, although an effigy of Guy Fawkes is burned on the fire. Celebrations are held throughout Great
Britain; in some non-Catholic communities in Northern Ireland; and in some other parts of the
177:
In
Northern Ireland, the term "Bonfire Night" can refer to the Eleventh Night celebrations of 11 July. Like 5 November, this Bonfire Night also has its roots in the sectarian struggle between Protestants and Catholics. Unlike 5 November the sectarian significance of 11 July is still strong. It
271:
concentration in the air after a
Bonfire Night celebration. In 2005 a Bonfire Night in Newfoundland prompted the provincial Minister of Environment and Conservation to remind the general public of their responsibilities for safety and the environment.
203:
and many rural parts of the
Republic of Ireland "Bonfire Night" refers to 23 June, Saint John's Eve night. It has its origins in a religious celebration and originally featured prayers for bountiful crops. The night is linked to the
161:' actions on 5 November 1605. The British festival is, therefore, on 5 November, although some commercially driven events are held at a weekend near to the correct date, to maximise attendance. Bonfire night's
256:, laws banning fireworks and explosives have muted the occasion, and safety concerns in New Zealand have resulted in restrictions on fireworks use, although public firework displays remain popular there.
430:
300:, are traditionally eaten around Bonfire Night in parts of England. Also, some families eat soups to warm up on a cold night and toast marshmallows over the fire.
623:
166:
Commonwealth. In many areas of the UK, celebrations also feature funfairs, family entertainment, and special food and drinks. In the
Canadian province of
649:
375:
403:
318:
440:
345:
55:. The event celebrates different traditions on different dates, depending on the country. Some of the most popular instances include
867:
1008:
145:
Bonfire Night is also celebrated in
Northern Ireland on 15 August in Catholic communities to mark the Feast of the Assumption.
413:
240:
Bonfire celebrations can pose a risk to public safety due to the possibility of fires, injuries, or fights. For example, in
1002:
248:, the July 2003 Eleventh Night resulted in £10,000 worth of damage to a park. The use of fireworks may lead to dangerous
96:
1044:
794:
977:
264:
28:
22:
530:
910:
680:
860:
259:
The tradition of
Bonfire Night has been criticised for its environmental impact. A 1994 study conducted in
1034:
941:
936:
900:
1039:
657:
753:
1029:
946:
905:
170:, 5 November is commemorated with bonfires and firework displays, and it is officially celebrated in
167:
76:
142:. Several other cultures also include night-time celebrations involving bonfires and/or fireworks.
581:
558:
853:
64:
700:
Dyke, P.; Coleman, P.; James, Ray (4 March 1997). "Dioxins in ambient air, bonfire night 1994".
604:
458:
727:
445:
Guy Fawkes' Nights – which are, after all, more commonly just called
Bonfire or Firework Nights
186:
508:
405:
Signs of War and Peace: Social
Conflict and the Uses of Symbols in Public in Northern Ireland
249:
217:
134:(Friday between 19 and 25 June). Saint John's Eve is also a very important celebration in
8:
435:
193:
179:
84:
80:
685:
713:
409:
228:, "Bonfire Night" is held on May Eve, 30 April, on the eve of the Celtic festival of
982:
951:
709:
221:
100:
68:
56:
987:
961:
380:
205:
190:
111:
483:
997:
895:
876:
285:
157:, Bonfire Night is associated with the tradition of celebrating the failure of
123:
103:
in the UK was legally mandated, which evolved into the
Bonfire Night of today.
72:
21:
This article is about traditions of bonfire celebrations. For other uses, see
1023:
956:
845:
776:
297:
293:
281:
183:
154:
60:
33:
802:
931:
926:
171:
824:
244:, calls to firefighting services are nearly tripled on Bonfire Night. In
200:
107:
890:
376:"Two firefighters injured by mobs while extinguishing May Eve bonfires"
289:
158:
624:"Bonfire Night strikes: Prime Minister condemns firefighters' threat"
253:
229:
209:
162:
92:
88:
52:
37:
777:"Get parched: an old favourite makes for a tasty Bonfire Night dish"
280:
There are many food items that are associated with Bonfire Night.
225:
139:
131:
245:
127:
115:
48:
213:
260:
241:
119:
728:"Public asked to keep environment in mind on Guy Fawkes night"
582:"Why will lots of bonfires be lit across the country tonight?"
509:"Public asked to keep environment in mind on Guy Fawkes night"
16:
Annual event dedicated to bonfires, fireworks and celebrations
268:
135:
47:
is a name given to various annual events characterised by
431:"Is it anti-Catholic to celebrate Guy Fawkes' Night?"
216:
as part of a Celtic celebration; the Catholic Church
346:"15,000 to attend family friendly bonfires tonight"
212:. Originally fires were lit to honour the goddess
220:the pagan festival and linked it to the birth of
1021:
825:"Bonfire Night 2019 in London - Dates & Map"
699:
681:"Auckland's new Guy Fawkes restrictions kick in"
650:"Exploding Fireworks Being Mistaken for Gunfire"
459:"How is Guy Fawkes Night Celebrated in Ireland?"
319:"Guy Fawkes vs Diwali: Battle of Bonfire Night"
875:
861:
511:. Government of Newfoundland. 4 November 2005
774:
868:
854:
553:
551:
484:"Bonfire Night: London fireworks displays"
316:
263:, England, found a four-fold increase in
678:
27:
1009:Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland
799:Bonfire Night and Guy Fawkes Traditions
548:
428:
401:
369:
367:
114:or ″Tanz in den Mai″ (30 April) and in
1022:
647:
422:
340:
338:
849:
751:
621:
602:
579:
364:
317:Rawlinson, Kevin (5 November 2010),
1003:William Parker, 4th Baron Monteagle
373:
335:
63:, which is also celebrated in some
13:
648:Brooks, Sheena (29 October 2010).
14:
1056:
978:Gunpowder Plot in popular culture
622:Evans, Martin (26 October 2010).
795:"Traditional Bonfire Night Food"
775:Heathcote, P (4 November 2011).
754:"A Northern Bonfire Night treat"
679:Gaffaney, C. (31 October 2014).
429:Walters, Guy (1 November 2011).
235:
817:
787:
768:
745:
720:
693:
672:
641:
615:
605:"St. John's Eve in old Ireland"
596:
573:
148:
130:bonfires are lit on the eve of
99:, up until 1859 celebration of
559:"Bonfire repair bill revealed"
523:
501:
476:
451:
395:
310:
23:Bonfire Night (disambiguation)
1:
714:10.1016/S0045-6535(97)00418-9
531:"Guy Fawkes Day in Cape Town"
303:
83:, Bonfire Nights are held on
75:(11 July), and 5 November in
7:
654:The St Kitts-Nevis Observer
580:Ryan, Órla (23 June 2015).
110:and Germany it is known as
10:
1061:
877:The Gunpowder Plot of 1605
20:
1045:Traditions involving fire
970:
919:
883:
609:Irish Culture and Customs
168:Newfoundland and Labrador
95:(31 October). Due to the
77:Newfoundland and Labrador
561:. BBC News. 15 July 2003
275:
79:. In various parts of
36:celebration bonfire in
182:of 1690, in which the
41:
250:pyrotechnic incidents
31:
443:on 4 November 2010.
402:Santino, J. (2016).
603:Haggerty, Bridget.
436:The Daily Telegraph
180:Battle of the Boyne
91:eve (30 April) and
1035:British traditions
998:James I of England
937:Christopher Wright
732:Releases.gov.nl.ca
708:(5–7): 1191–1201.
686:New Zealand Herald
535:Cape Town Magazine
252:. In parts of the
224:. In the city of
42:
1040:Autumn traditions
1017:
1016:
884:Original plotters
415:978-1-4039-8233-9
350:Irishexaminer.com
323:independent.co.uk
187:William of Orange
1052:
1030:Fireworks events
983:Guy Fawkes Night
952:Ambrose Rokewood
870:
863:
856:
847:
846:
840:
839:
837:
835:
821:
815:
814:
812:
810:
805:on 16 April 2016
801:. Archived from
791:
785:
784:
772:
766:
765:
763:
761:
749:
743:
742:
740:
738:
724:
718:
717:
697:
691:
690:
676:
670:
669:
667:
665:
656:. Archived from
645:
639:
638:
636:
634:
619:
613:
612:
600:
594:
593:
591:
589:
577:
571:
570:
568:
566:
555:
546:
545:
543:
541:
527:
521:
520:
518:
516:
505:
499:
498:
496:
494:
480:
474:
473:
471:
469:
455:
449:
447:
439:. Archived from
426:
420:
419:
399:
393:
392:
390:
388:
374:Raleigh, David.
371:
362:
361:
359:
357:
342:
333:
332:
331:
329:
314:
101:Guy Fawkes Night
97:Thanksgiving Act
85:Saint John's Eve
69:Northern Ireland
59:(5 November) in
57:Guy Fawkes Night
1060:
1059:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1013:
988:Guy Fawkes mask
966:
962:Francis Tresham
915:
879:
874:
844:
843:
833:
831:
823:
822:
818:
808:
806:
793:
792:
788:
773:
769:
759:
757:
750:
746:
736:
734:
726:
725:
721:
698:
694:
677:
673:
663:
661:
660:on 23 July 2011
646:
642:
632:
630:
620:
616:
601:
597:
587:
585:
584:. TheJournal.ie
578:
574:
564:
562:
557:
556:
549:
539:
537:
529:
528:
524:
514:
512:
507:
506:
502:
492:
490:
488:Visitlondon.com
482:
481:
477:
467:
465:
457:
456:
452:
427:
423:
416:
400:
396:
386:
384:
381:The Irish Times
372:
365:
355:
353:
344:
343:
336:
327:
325:
315:
311:
306:
296:, and even the
278:
238:
210:Midsummer's Eve
206:summer solstice
199:In the city of
178:celebrates the
151:
112:Walpurgis Night
40:, United States
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1058:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1011:
1006:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
974:
972:
968:
967:
965:
964:
959:
954:
949:
947:Robert Wintour
944:
939:
934:
929:
923:
921:
917:
916:
914:
913:
908:
906:Thomas Wintour
903:
898:
896:Robert Catesby
893:
887:
885:
881:
880:
873:
872:
865:
858:
850:
842:
841:
816:
786:
767:
744:
719:
692:
671:
640:
614:
595:
572:
547:
522:
500:
475:
450:
421:
414:
394:
363:
352:. 23 June 2017
334:
308:
307:
305:
302:
286:treacle toffee
277:
274:
237:
234:
150:
147:
126:(23 June). In
124:sankthansaften
73:Eleventh Night
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1057:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
993:Bonfire Night
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
975:
973:
969:
963:
960:
958:
957:Everard Digby
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
924:
922:
918:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
888:
886:
882:
878:
871:
866:
864:
859:
857:
852:
851:
848:
830:
826:
820:
804:
800:
796:
790:
782:
778:
771:
755:
748:
733:
729:
723:
715:
711:
707:
703:
696:
688:
687:
682:
675:
659:
655:
651:
644:
629:
628:The Telegraph
625:
618:
610:
606:
599:
583:
576:
560:
554:
552:
536:
532:
526:
510:
504:
489:
485:
479:
464:
463:TripSavvy.com
460:
454:
446:
442:
438:
437:
432:
425:
417:
411:
407:
406:
398:
383:
382:
377:
370:
368:
351:
347:
341:
339:
324:
320:
313:
309:
301:
299:
298:jacket potato
295:
291:
287:
283:
282:Toffee apples
273:
270:
266:
262:
257:
255:
251:
247:
243:
236:Social impact
233:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
202:
197:
195:
192:
189:defeated the
188:
185:
181:
175:
173:
169:
164:
160:
156:
155:Great Britain
146:
143:
141:
138:and Northern
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
104:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
61:Great Britain
58:
54:
50:
46:
45:Bonfire Night
39:
35:
34:Christmas Eve
30:
24:
19:
992:
932:Thomas Bates
927:Robert Keyes
911:Thomas Percy
832:. Retrieved
828:
819:
807:. Retrieved
803:the original
798:
789:
783:. Liverpool.
780:
770:
758:. Retrieved
747:
735:. Retrieved
731:
722:
705:
701:
695:
684:
674:
662:. Retrieved
658:the original
653:
643:
631:. Retrieved
627:
617:
608:
598:
586:. Retrieved
575:
563:. Retrieved
538:. Retrieved
534:
525:
513:. Retrieved
503:
491:. Retrieved
487:
478:
466:. Retrieved
462:
453:
444:
441:the original
434:
424:
408:. Springer.
404:
397:
385:. Retrieved
379:
354:. Retrieved
349:
326:, retrieved
322:
312:
279:
258:
239:
198:
176:
172:South Africa
152:
149:Significance
144:
105:
65:Commonwealth
44:
43:
18:
901:John Wright
834:21 December
752:Wilson, C.
737:21 December
702:Chemosphere
493:21 December
468:21 December
387:21 December
356:21 December
108:Scandinavia
87:(23 June),
67:countries;
1024:Categories
1005:(informer)
942:John Grant
891:Guy Fawkes
809:7 December
781:Daily Post
664:9 November
304:References
290:black peas
184:Protestant
159:Guy Fawkes
254:Caribbean
230:Bealtaine
218:took over
163:sectarian
93:Halloween
89:Bealtaine
53:fireworks
38:Louisiana
971:See also
920:Recruits
760:11 March
540:23 March
515:23 March
328:22 March
226:Limerick
194:James II
191:Catholic
140:Portugal
132:Juhannus
49:bonfires
829:Rove.me
246:Belfast
222:St John
128:Finland
116:Denmark
81:Ireland
633:18 May
588:2 June
565:27 May
412:
294:parkin
265:dioxin
261:Oxford
242:London
120:Norway
756:. BBC
269:furan
136:Spain
122:also
836:2019
811:2015
762:2015
739:2019
666:2010
635:2011
590:2016
567:2011
542:2011
517:2011
495:2019
470:2019
410:ISBN
389:2019
358:2019
330:2011
292:and
276:Food
267:and
214:Áine
201:Cork
118:and
51:and
710:doi
208:or
153:In
106:In
71:'s
1026::
827:.
797:.
779:.
730:.
706:34
704:.
683:.
652:.
626:.
607:.
550:^
533:.
486:.
461:.
433:.
378:.
366:^
348:.
337:^
321:,
288:,
284:,
232:.
196:.
174:.
32:A
869:e
862:t
855:v
838:.
813:.
764:.
741:.
716:.
712::
689:.
668:.
637:.
611:.
592:.
569:.
544:.
519:.
497:.
472:.
448:)
418:.
391:.
360:.
25:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
