33:
526:
642:). By inviting warlords capable enough to disrupt the state building process, a "big tent" strategy was enacted in order to incorporate, rather than alienate, these non-state actors in Afghan state centralization. As a result, the Afghan Interim Authority (AIA)âmade up of 30 members, headed by a chairmanâwas inaugurated on 22 December 2001 with a six-month mandate to be followed by a two-year Transitional Authority (TA), after which elections were to be held.
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of rights of women and also minorities, such as religious and ethnic groups. This model for state-building in
Afghanistan was based on a âmaximalist model of post-conflict reconstructionâ that surfaced in the 1990s, following international interventions in the Balkans, sub-Saharan Africa and East Timor.
690:
report that stated, âeven within central government, current political divisions and rivalries render impossible any meaningful consensus on even the key policy elements of a comprehensive administrative reform programâŚâ The subsequent failures of the Afghan state, including the inability to provide
669:
The Bonn
Agreement provided a framework for the later constitution that was established in 2004 and the presidential and parliamentary elections that followed. It emphasized the need for strong, centralized government institutions and failed to account for the stateâs cultural and political history,
665:
Following the fall of the
Taliban in 2001, the Bonn Agreement laid the foundation for U.S. and NATO-backed state-building efforts in Afghanistan. The agreement sought to establish a new constitution, an independent judiciary, free and fair elections, a centralized security sector, and the protection
711:
was established to draft a new constitution in consultation with the public. The Bonn
Agreement called for a loya jirga to be convened within 18 months of the establishment of the Transitional Authority and for the use of the 1964 constitution as the basis for a new constitution. The constitution
691:
basic security and social services, stemmed from the âoverambitious reconstruction modelâ that was created by the Bonn
Agreement, as well as practical challenges on the ground. Following this event, the Afghan government took on a more informal style in public affairs of pact-making and
673:
The state-building roadmap that was created by the Bonn
Agreement was an inappropriate model for the Afghan case, and later led to a range of issues, including government corruption and incompetency. Since the Bonn Agreement failed to provide shared powers within the
458:
955:
309:
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The Bonn
Agreement calls for a judicial commission to rebuild the justice system in accordance with Islamic principles, international standards, the rule of law, and Afghan legal traditions.
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976:
837:
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328:
741:
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686:âs government and had large decision-making capabilities. This skew in political power and abundant intra-cabinet rivalries was noted in an early
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109:
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Agreement on
Provisional Arrangements in Afghanistan Pending the Re-Establishment of Permanent Government Institutions (Bonn Agreement)
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Agreement on
Provisional Arrangements in Afghanistan Pending the Re-Establishment of Permanent Government Institutions
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government, it spurred an internal war between two of the countryâs âelite networksâ, the North
Alliance and the
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269:
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as the country had previously relied on informal, regional power structures to deliver security and services.
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before a permanent government was established. A nationally agreed-upon government would require at least one
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Blum, Rogger, Jugen, Daniel (24 April 2016). "Public Service Reform in Post-Conflict Societies".
23:
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to be convened; however, in the absence of law and order in the wake of the rapid victory of
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695:. As a result, the Bonn Agreement can be seen as a large setback in the development of
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Faction. As a result, the North Alliance held most of the cabinet positions in
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One of the sections of the Bonn Agreement envisaged the establishment of the
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2001 plan on the future government of Afghanistan following the U.S. invasion
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World Bank I2i Fragile and Conflict State Impact Evaluation Research Program
638:, to decide on a plan for governing the country (see list of signatories at
584:) was the initial series of agreements passed on December 5, 2001 during an
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182:
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Mukhopadhyay, Dipali. "Warlords as Bureaucrats: The Afghan Experience."
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Mukhopadhyay, Dipali. "Warlords as Bureaucrats: The Afghan Experience."
600:. Since no nationally agreed-upon government had existed in Afghanistan
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58:
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Text of the Bonn Conference Final Declaration 2011, UN Peacemaker
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Ministry for the Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice
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In December 2001, 25 prominent Afghans met under UN auspices in
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Text of all Peace Agreements for Afghanistan, UN Peacemaker
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Warlords, strongman governors, and the state in Afghanistan
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Warlords, Strongman Governors, and the State in Afghanistan
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895:, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (2009): Web.
853:, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (2009): Web.
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had been adopted by the loya Jirga on January 4, 2004.
836: 20 December 2001. Retrieved 2007-09-21. - (
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International Conference on Afghanistan, London (2010)
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The Bonn Agreement called for the establishment of a
812: page 9. (2001) Retrieved 2008-08-26.
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International Conference on Afghanistan, Bonn (2001)
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international conference on Afghanistan held in Bonn
699:as a state and its coexisting political climates.
622:forces, immediate steps were felt to be required.
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752:List of international conferences on Afghanistan
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941:Text of the Bonn Agreement 2001, UN Peacemaker
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877:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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977:2001 in the War in Afghanistan (2001â2021)
774:. Cambridge University Press. p. 26.
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867:: 15â17.
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736:See also
649:(ISAF).
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