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styles varied considerably, and there was no standard of uniformity. Early and medieval codices were bound with flat spines, and it was not until the fifteenth century that books began to have the rounded spines associated with hardcovers today. Because the vellum of early books would react to humidity by swelling, causing the book to take on a characteristic wedge shape, the wooden covers of medieval books were often secured with straps or clasps. These straps, along with metal bosses on the book's covers to keep it raised off the surface that it rests on, are collectively known as furniture.
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48:
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slightly bigger to accommodate slightly thicker, stronger wire. Once punched, the back cover is then placed on to the front cover ready for the wire binding elements (double loop wire) to be inserted. The wire is then placed through the holes. The next step involves the binder holding the book by its pages and inserting the wire into a "closer" which is basically a vise that crimps the wire closed and into its round shape. The back page can then be turned back to its correct position, thus hiding the spine of the book.
187:
1653:, the spine text, when the book is standing upright, runs from the top to the bottom. This means that when the book is lying flat with the front cover upwards, the title is oriented left-to-right on the spine. This practice is reflected in the industry standards ANSI/NISO Z39.41 and ISO 6357, but "lack of agreement in the matter persisted among English-speaking countries as late as the middle of the twentieth century, when books bound in Britain still tended to have their titles read up the spine".
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369:
424:
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846:, where the signatures of the book start off as loose pages which are then clamped together. Small vertical holes are punched through the far left-hand edge of each signature, and then the signatures are sewn together with lockstitches to form the text block. Oversewing is a very strong method of binding and can be done on books up to five inches thick. However, the margins of oversewn books are reduced, and the pages will not lie flat when opened.
521:
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40:
284:, a few are multi-quire. Codices were a significant improvement over papyrus or vellum scrolls in that they were easier to handle. However, despite allowing writing on both sides of the leaves, they were still foliatedânumbered on the leaves, like the Indian books. The idea spread quickly through the early churches, and the word "Bible" comes from the town where the Byzantine monks established their first
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1685:
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This is partially overcome in the second method, which is to wrap the scroll around two cores, as in a Torah. With a double scroll, the text can be accessed from both beginning and end, and the portions of the scroll not being read can remain wound. This still leaves the scroll a sequential-access medium: to reach a given page, one generally has to unroll and re-roll many other pages.
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1123:, or taken apart, in order to be given a new binding. Once the text block of the book has been pulled, it can be rebound in almost any structure; a modern suspense novel, for instance, could be rebound to look like a 16th-century manuscript. Bookbinders may bind several copies of the same text, giving each copy a unique appearance.
1251:, or some combination of the three. Many people choose to rebind books, from amateurs who restore old paperbacks on internet instructions to many professional book and paper conservators and restorationists, who often in the United States are members of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works (AIC).
442:, and often small metal pieces of furniture. Medieval stamps showed animals and figures as well as the vegetal and geometric designs that would later dominate book cover decoration. Until the end of the period books were not usually stood up on shelves in the modern way. The most functional books were bound in plain white
980:), and when the glue cools, it adheres the paper to the spine. Thermal glue strips can also be purchased separately for individuals that wish to use customized or original covers. However, creating documents using thermal binding glue strips can be a tedious process, requiring a scoring device and a large-format printer.
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rounding and backing the spines of books to create a solid, smooth surface and "shoulders" supporting the textblock against its covers facilitated the upright storage of books and titling on spine. This became common practice by the close of the 16th century but was consistently practiced in Rome as early as the 1520s.
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through another plastic strip called the receiving strip. The excess portion of the pins is cut off and the plastic heat-sealed to create a relatively flat bind method. VeloBind provides a more permanent bind than comb-binding but is primarily used for business and legal presentations and small publications.
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In languages with
Chinese-influenced writing systems, the title is written top-to-bottom, as is the language in general. In languages written from left to right, the spine text can be pillar (one letter per line), transverse (text line perpendicular to long edge of spine) and along spine. Conventions
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papers may be used for the sides or end-sheets. Finally, the cover is hand-tooled in gold leaf. The design of the book cover involves such hand-tooling, where an extremely thin layer of gold is applied to the cover. Such designs can be lettering, symbols, or floral designs, depending on the nature of
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Books requiring restoration or conservation treatment run the gamut from the very earliest of texts to books with modern bindings that have undergone heavy usage. For each book, a course of treatment must be chosen that takes into account the book's value, whether it comes from the binding, the text,
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bindings. Also, when creating a new work, modern binders may wish to select a book that has already been printed and create what is known as a 'design binding'. "In a typical design binding, the binder selects an already printed book, disassembles it, and rebinds it in a style of fine bindingârounded
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Though almost any existing book can be repaired to some extent, only books that were originally sewn can be rebound by resewing. Repairs or restorations are often done to emulate the style of the original binding. For new works, some publishers print unbound manuscripts which a binder can collate and
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Scrolls can be rolled in one of two ways. The first method is to wrap the scroll around a single core, similar to a modern roll of paper towels. While simple to construct, a single core scroll has a major disadvantage: in order to read text at the end of the scroll, the entire scroll must be unwound.
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sheets with one's hands and tools, or in modern publishing, by a series of automated processes. Firstly, one binds the sheets of papers along an edge with a thick needle and strong thread. One can also use loose-leaf rings, binding posts, twin-loop spine coils, plastic spiral coils, and plastic spine
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In most cases, questions related to book-binding did not figure into the discussions between authors and publishers about the formal aspects of editions of their works, because individual purchasers generally made separate arrangements with either the publisher or a bookbinder to have printed sheets
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Sometimes the restoration of the cover is a matter of surgically strengthening the original cover by lifting the original materials and applying new materials for strength. This is perhaps a more common method for covers made with book-cloth although leather books can be approached this way as well.
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uses a 9/16" pitch rectangular hole pattern punched near the bound edge. A curled plastic "comb" is fed through the slits to hold the sheets together. Comb binding allows a book to be disassembled and reassembled by hand without damage. Comb supplies are typically available in a wide range of colors
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in order to create a book. For instances, these design and cut pages, assemble pages into paper sheets, et cetera. The trade of bookbinding is both a craft done out of creativity and passion and a process happening in a factory. But each type of bookbinding always resolves three problems in making a
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In languages written from left to right, such as
English, books are bound on the left side of the cover; looking from on top, the pages increase counterclockwise. In right-to-left languages, books are bound on the right. In both cases, this is so the end of a page coincides with where it is turned.
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Many times, books that need to be restored are hundreds of years old, and the handling of the pages and binding has to be undertaken with great care and a delicate hand. The archival process of restoration and conservation can extend a book's life for many decades and is necessary to preserve books
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uses a one-piece cover with glue applied to its spine to quickly and easily bind documents without the need for punching. Individuals usually purchase "thermal covers" or "therm-a-bind covers", which are usually made to fit a standard-size sheet of paper and come with a glue channel down the spine.
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This type of binding uses either a 3:1 pitch hole pattern with three holes per inch or a 2:1 pitch hole pattern with two holes per inch. The three to one hole pattern is used for smaller books that are up to 9/16" in diameter while the 2:1 pattern is normally used for thicker books as the holes are
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under the tooling and stamps were imported from the
Islamic world in the 15th century, and thereafter the gold-tooled leather binding has remained the conventional choice for high quality bindings for collectors, though cheaper bindings that only used gold for the title on the spine, or not at all,
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The next step is the restoration of the book cover. This can be as complicated as completely re-creating a period binding to match the original using whatever is appropriate for that time it was originally created. Sometimes this means a new full leather binding with vegetable tanned leather, dyed
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comes from taking care of the institution's archive of books. The goal of restoration is to return the book to a previous state as envisioned by the restorer, often imagined as the original state of the book. The methods of restoration have been developed by bookbinders with private clients mostly
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Hand bookbinders create new bindings that run the gamut from historical book structures made with traditional materials to modern structures made with 21st-century materials, and from basic cloth-case bindings to valuable full-leather fine bindings. Repairs to existing books also encompass a broad
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is one example of this type. Perfect bound books usually consist of various sections with a cover made from heavier paper, glued together at the spine with a strong glue. The sections are milled in the back and notches are applied into the spine to allow hot glue to penetrate into the spine of the
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together at the spine to form a text block. In contrast to oversewing, through-the-fold books have wide margins and can open completely flat. Pages cannot fall out unless they are ripped. Many varieties of sewing stitches exist, from basic links to the often-used Kettle Stitch. While
Western books
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are considered more ephemeral than books, and less durable means of binding them are usual. In general, the cover papers of magazines will be the same as the inner pages (self-cover) or only slightly heavier (plus cover). Most magazines are stapled or saddle-stitched; however, some are bound with
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is the most economical form of mechanical binding when using plastic or metal. It is commonly used for atlases and other publications where it is necessary or desirable for the publication to be opened back onto itself without breaking or damaging the spine. A number of different varieties exist,
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is used to permanently rivet pages together using a plastic strip on the front and back of the document. Sheets for the document are punched with a line of holes near the bound edge. A series of pins attached to a plastic strip called a Comb feeds through the holes to the other side and then goes
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Until the mid-20th century, covers of mass-produced books were laid with bookcloth, but from that period onward, most publishers adopted clothette, a kind of textured paper which vaguely resembles cloth but is easily differentiated on close inspection. Most cloth-bound books are now half-and-half
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is generally credited with having introduced cotton-based book cloth to wholesale bookbinding, which was of great importance to the economy and global expansion of book sales in the 19th century. The new material was much longer lasting than paper "boards" and significantly cheaper than the more
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beginning in the mid-15th century, bookbinding began to standardize somewhat, but page sizes still varied considerably.. Paper leaves also meant that heavy wooden boards and metal furniture were no longer necessary to keep books closed, allowing for much lighter pasteboard covers. The practice of
264:. According to T. C. Skeat, "in at least three cases and probably in all, in the form of codices" and he theorized that this form of notebook was invented in Rome and then "must have spread rapidly to the Near East". In his discussion of one of the earliest pagan parchment codices to survive from
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Conservation and restoration are practices intended to repair damage to an existing book. While they share methods, their goals differ. The goal of conservation is to slow the book's decay and restore it to a usable state while altering its physical properties as little as possible. Conservation
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refers to a binding method that utilises thermal adhesive tape applied to the base of a document. A tape binding machine, such as the PLANAX COPY Binder or Powis Parker
Fastback system, is then typically used to complete the binding process and to activate the thermal adhesive on the glue strip.
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Western books from the fifth century onwards were bound between hard covers, with pages made from parchment folded and sewn onto strong cords or ligaments that were attached to wooden boards and covered with leather. Since early books were exclusively handwritten on handmade materials, sizes and
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Double-fan adhesive binding starts off with a stack of loose pages, which is run over a roller, "fanning" the pages, to apply a thin layer of glue to each page edge. Then the pages are perfectly aligned to form a text block, and the glued edges of the text block are attached to a piece of cloth
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In China (only areas using
Traditional Chinese), Japan, and Taiwan, literary books are written top-to-bottom, right-to-left, and thus are bound on the right, while textbooks are written left-to-right, top-to-bottom, and thus are bound on the left. In mainland China the direction of writing and
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is a type of binding that is used for books that will be viewed or read in an office or home type environment. The binding involves the use of a C-shaped wire spine that is squeezed into a round shape using a wire closing device. Double wire binding allows books to have smooth crossover and is
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The spine of the book is an important aspect in book design, especially in cover design. When the books are stacked up or stored in a shelf, what is on the spine is the only visible information about the book. In a bookstore, the details on the spine are what initially attract attention.
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Some books that appeared in the mid-20th century signature-bound appear in reprinted editions in glued-together editions. Copies of such books stitched together in their original format are often difficult to find and are much sought after for both aesthetic and practical reasons.
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Typically, the first step in saving and preserving a book is its deconstruction. The text pages need to be separated from the covers and, if necessary, the stitching removed. This is done as delicately as possible. All page restoration is done at this point, be it the removal of
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the spine text, when the book is standing upright, runs from the bottom up, so the title can be read by tilting the head to the left. This allows the reader to read spines of books shelved in alphabetical order in accordance to the usual way: left-to-right and top-to-bottom.
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The sections are then hand-sewn in the style of its period, back into book form, or the original sewing is strengthened with new lining on the text-spine. New hinges must be accounted for in either case both with text-spine lining and some sort of end-sheet restoration.
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In either case, one of the modern standards for conservation and restoration is "reversibility". That is, any repair should be done in such a way that it can be undone if and when a better technique is developed in the future. Bookbinders echo the physician's creed,
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In the German book-distribution system of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the end-user buyers of books "generally made separate arrangements with either the publisher or a bookbinder to have printed sheets bound according to their wishes and their budget".
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Bookbinding is a skilled trade that requires measuring, cutting, and gluing. A finished book requires many steps to complete. This is usually determined by the materials needed and the layout of the book. Bookbinding combines skills from the trades of
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Spiral coil binding uses a number of different hole patterns for binding documents. The most common hole pattern used is 4:1 pitch (4 holes per inch). However, spiral coil spines are also available for use with 3:1 pitch, 5:1 pitch and 0.400-hole
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relief panels or enamel elements. Very few of these have survived intact, as they have been broken up for their precious materials, but a fair number of the ivory panels have survived, as they were hard to recycle; the divided panels from the
1235:". While reversibility is one standard, longevity of the functioning of the book is also very important and sometimes takes precedence over reversibility especially in areas that are invisible to the reader such as the spine lining.
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are more sturdily made, with traditional gatherings or sections of bifolios, usually larger, and more expensive. The difference between the two can usually easily be seen by looking for the sections in the top or bottom sides of the
268:
in Egypt, Eric Turner seems to challenge Skeat's notion when stating "its mere existence is evidence that this book form had a prehistory" and that "early experiments with this book form may well have taken place outside of Egypt".
298:, "to fasten"âappeared when the text of the individual testaments of the Bible were combined and text had to be searched through more quickly. This book format became the preferred way of preserving manuscript or printed material.
155:
The book was not needed in ancient times, as many early Greek textsâscrollsâwere 30 pages long, which were customarily folded accordion-fashion to fit into the hand. Roman works were often longer, running to hundreds of pages. The
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were always more common. Although the arrival of the printed book vastly increased the number of books produced in Europe, it did not in itself change the various styles of binding used, except that vellum became much less used.
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certification, though no such certification exists in the United States. MFA programs that specialize in the 'Book Arts' (hand papermaking, printmaking and bookbinding) are available through certain colleges and universities.
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affordable in many colors. This binding is great for annual reports, owners' manuals and software manuals. Wire bound books are made of individual sheets, each punched with a line of round or square holes on the binding edge.
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Modern bookbinding by hand can be seen as two closely allied fields: the creation of new bindings, and the repair of existing bindings. Bookbinders are often active in both fields. Bookbinders can learn the craft through
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and diameters. The supplies themselves can be re-used or recycled. In the United States, comb binding is often referred to as 19-ring binding because it uses a total of 19 holes along the 11-inch side of a sheet of paper.
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combs, but they last for a shorter time. Next, one encloses the bound stack of paper in a cover. Finally, one places an attractive cover onto the boards, and features the publisher's information and artistic decorations.
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When creating new work, modern hand binders often work on commission, creating bindings for specific books or collections. Books can be bound in many different materials. Some of the more common materials for covers are
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reminds us, most newly published books were sold with customised or temporary bindings. There are various commercial techniques in use today. Today, most commercially produced books belong to one of four categories:
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lining to form the spine. Double-fan adhesive bound books can open completely flat and have a wide margin. However, certain types of paper do not hold adhesive well, and, with wear and tear, the pages can come loose.
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Sewing through the fold (also called Smyth Sewing), where the signatures of the book are folded and stitched through the fold, has been called the "gold standard" for binding. The signatures are then sewn and
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formats were often hinged together along one edge, analogous to the spine of modern books, as well as a folding concertina format. Such a set of simple wooden boards sewn together was called by the Romans a
3423:â A rich set of tools, ranging in age from 60 years old to 100 years old, used by the first independent craft binder to set up shop in Vancouver, British Columbia, from the UBC Library Digital Collections
1146:, a flat, tapered, polished piece of bone used to crease paper and apply pressure. Additional tools common to hand bookbinding include a variety of knives and hammers, as well as brass tools used during
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1569:, the pages are aligned, cut, and glued with a strong and flexible layer that holds the book together. In a paperback book, the visible portion of the spine is part of the flexible layer.
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are generally sewn through punched holes or sawed notches along the fold, some Asian bindings, such as the
Retchoso or Butterfly Stitch of Japan, use small slits instead of punched holes.
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publications. Though many publishers have started to provide "library binding" editions, many libraries elect to purchase paperbacks and have them rebound in hard covers for longer life.
840:". The textblock is then attached to the cover or "case" which is made of cardboard covered with paper, cloth, vinyl or leather. This is also known as cloth binding, or edition binding.
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Regardless of whether a book is bound with a hardcover or bound with a paperback cover, the binding of the signatures determines the durability of the book-as-artefact. In the case of
112:
book: (i) how to bind the paper sheets into a book block; (ii) how to cover and protect the bound pages; and (iii) how to label and decorate the book covers that protect the pages.
1170:). Those bindings that are made with exceptionally high craftsmanship, and that are made of particularly high-quality materials (especially full leather bindings), are known as
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on their spines; rather they were shelved flat with their spines inward, and titles written with ink along their fore edges. Modern books display their titles on their spines.
627:, a prominent centre of the German book-trade, in 1739 had 20 bookshops, 15 printing establishments, 22 book-binders and three type-foundries in a population of 28,000 people.
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1106:; by attending specialized trade schools; by taking classes in the course of university studies, or by a combination of those methods. Some European countries offer a
641:, enabling missionaries to take portable books with them around the world, and modern wood glues enabled the addition of paperback covers to simple glue bindings.
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scrolls, editions of first five books of the Old
Testament, known as the Israelite (or Hebrew) Bible, wereâand still areâalso held in special holders when read.
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1263:, ink stains, page tears, etc. Various techniques are employed to repair the various types of page damage that might have occurred during the life of the book.
760:, hardbound or hardback book has rigid covers and is stitched in the spine. Looking from the top of the spine, the book can be seen to consist of a number of
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However, some users also refer to tape binding as the process of adding a colored tape to the edge of a mechanically fastened (stapled or stitched) document.
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is a publication that resembles a hardbound book, despite being a paperback with a hard cover. Many books sold as hardcover are actually of this type; the
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1314:(folio) has two pages of text or images, front and back, therefore, "on the folium" usually is followed by an alphanumeric designation that distinguishes
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size), cheaply made with each sheet fully cut and glued at the spine; these are likely to fall apart or lose sheets after much handling or several years.
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covers with cloth covering only the spine. In that case, the cover has a paper overlap. The covers of modern hardback books are made of thick cardboard.
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elegant leather bindings. As the century progressed, fine quality mass produced covers emerged, often with bright colours and textures, introduced by
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The preparation of the "foundations" of the book could mean the difference between a beautiful work of art and a useless stack of paper and leather.
391:, whose decoration includes raised patterns and coloured tooled designs. Very grand manuscripts for liturgical rather than library use had covers in
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bound together. When the book is opened in the middle of a signature, the binding threads are visible. Signatures of hardcover books are typically
517:â 121 AD) introduced the first significant improvement and standardization of papermaking by adding essential new materials into its composition.
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The reduced cost of books facilitated cheap lightweight Bibles, made from tissue-thin oxford paper, with floppy covers, that resembled the early
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is constructed in the same way as a hardbound book, except that it lacks the hard covers. The binding is as durable as that of a hardbound book.
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Erlin, Matt (2010). "How to Think about Luxury
Editions in Late Eighteenth- & Early Nineteenth-Century Germany". In Tatlock, Lynne (ed.).
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Materials such as
Japanese tissues of various weights may be used. Colors may be matched using acrylic paints or simple colored pencils.
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133:; these were stored in boxes or shelving with small cubbyholes, similar to a modern wine rack. Court records and notes were written on
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Modern Bookbinding: A Treatise Covering Both Letterpress and Stationery Branches of the Trade, with a Section on Finishing and Design
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Case binding is the most common type of hardcover binding for books. The pages are arranged in signatures and glued together into a "
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retain the binding on the right, which allows the art, laid out to be read right-to-left, to be published without mirror-imaging it.
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also refer to the size of the finished book, based on the sheet size that a paper maker could produce with a manual printing press:
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volume (sixteen-page signature) is typically 5 to 6 in (13 to 15 cm) by 8 to 9 in (20 to 23 cm), the size of a
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volume (eight-page signature) is typically 9 by 12 in (23 by 30 cm), about the size of a modern magazine. A sheet folded
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being wound through a number of holes punched along the spine of the book, providing a hinge with a greater degree of flexibility.
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236:, meaning "the trunk" of a tree, around the first century AD. Two ancient polyptychs, a pentaptych and octoptych, excavated at
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range of techniques, from minimally invasive conservation of a historic book to the full restoration and rebinding of a text.
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Luxury medieval books for the library had leather covers decorated, often all over, with tooling (incised lines or patterns),
82:) for books planned to be written in. These include: accounting ledgers, business journals, blank-page books, guest logbooks,
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dynasties (1644â1912), and finally the adoption of Western-style bookbinding in the 20th century (coupled with the European
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Eloquent witnesses: bookbindings and their history ; a volume of essays dedicated to the memory of Dr Phiroze Randeria
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series is an example. This type of document is usually bound with thermal adhesive glue using a perfect-binding machine.
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A variation of the hardcover which is more durable is the calf-binding, where the cover is either half or fully clad in
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1370:. In a finished book, each section is sewn through the fold. The number of bifolia determine the name of the section:
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by the year 300 AD. By the 6th century AD, the scroll and wax tablet had been completely replaced by the codex in the
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1520:(12mo), 24mo, 32mo, and 64mo are page sizes that allow printing between 24 and 128 pages on a single sheet of paper.
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side of a leaf faces right when the leaf is held upright from the spine (usually an even-numbered page in a book).
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side of a leaf faces left when the leaf is held upright from the spine (usually an odd-numbered page in a book).
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realized that personal books would need to fit in saddle bags and thus produced books in the smaller formats of
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Islamic bookcover features a with a flap on the back cover that encloses the front when the book is closed.
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Science and Civilization in China: Volume 5: Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Part 1: Paper and Printing
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Pugliese Carratelli, Giovanni (1950). "L'Instrumentum Scriptorium nei Monumenti Pompeiani ed Ercolanesi".
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book. The other three sides are then face trimmed, allowing the magazine or paperback book to be opened.
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578:). The initial phase of this evolution, the accordion-folded palm-leaf-style book, most likely came from
260:. Martial used the term with reference to gifts of literature exchanged by Romans during the festival of
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will have folds at the spine and at the top, which must be trimmed before the leaves can be turned. A
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volume is typically 15 in (38 cm) or more in height, the largest book of regular dimensions.
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1510: in (11 by 17 cm), the dimensions of a mass-market paperback book. A sheet of paper folded
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Foot, Mirjam M. (2022)."Who Planted the Trees? Pioneers in the development of Bookbinding History."
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methods have been developed in the course of taking care of large collections of books. The term
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ABC of bookbinding: a unique glossary with over 700 illustrations for collectors and librarians
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Publishing Culture and the "Reading Nation": German Book History in the Long Nineteenth Century
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2210:"Aldus Manutius facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Aldus Manutius"
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binding for all books was changed to be like left to right languages in the mid-20th century.
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and backed spine, laced-in boards, sewn headbands, decorative end sheets, leather cover etc."
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Hand bookbinders use a variety of specialized hand tools, the most emblematic of which is the
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3879:
3255:
Middleton, B.C. 1963 "A History of English Craft Bookbinding Technique" New York & London
1828:
1746:
1420:
1354:
955:
3231:
Klepikov, S.A. (1961). "Russian Bookbinding from the 11th to the Middle of the 17th Century.
276:
in Egypt. Consisting of primarily Gnostic texts in Coptic, the books were mostly written on
5132:
5122:
5076:
4645:
4306:
4217:
4212:
3950:
1756:
1702:
87:
2641:
Leslie, W. (2016). "Bridging the Gap: Artist's Book and Design Bindings by Karen Hanmer".
8:
4493:
4411:
3682:
3670:
3640:
3431:
1856:
1778:
1298:
It is usually harder to restore leather books because of the fragility of the materials.
817:
768:(a single sheet folded three times), though they may also be folio, quarto, or 16mo (see
693:
575:
126:
2742:
2351:
832:
There are a number of methods used to bind hardcover books. Those still in use include:
5157:
5127:
4253:
4222:
4093:
4088:
4020:
3613:
3233:
3175:
Japanese Bookbinding: Instructions from a Master Craftsman / adapted by Barbara Stephan
3145:
1664:
1616:
748:
384:
311:
3826:
3391:
2870:
2483:
Parisi, Paul (February 1994). "Methods of Affixing Leaves: Options and Implications".
1349:
is a single sheet of paper folded in half to make two leaves; the plural is "bifolia".
4999:
4947:
4853:
4669:
4161:
3978:
3942:
3924:
3914:
3884:
3844:
3675:
3608:
3386:
3378:
Online exhibit of publishers' bookbinding, 1830â1910 from the University of Rochester
3335:
3311:
3301:
3280:
3245:
3222:
3208:
3178:
3157:
3126:
3112:
3086:
3061:
3040:
3022:
3006:
2985:
2973:
2940:
2877:
2794:
2768:
2716:
2690:
2670:
2615:
2502:
2444:
2404:
2262:
2058:
2037:
2007:
1982:
1793:
1736:
1472:
1232:
736:
659:
375:
3166:
Harrop, Dorothy J. 1975. "Craft Binders at Work V: H. J. Desmond Yardley, 1905-72."
2595:
1266:
446:
over boards, and had a brief title hand-written on the spine. Techniques for fixing
5081:
5019:
4942:
4886:
3798:
1446:
1222:
843:
543:
396:
254:
240:
employed a unique connecting system that presages later sewing on thongs or cords.
167:
3289:
Romme, Mirjam M. (1969). "The Henry Davis Collection I: The British Museum Gift."
5142:
5091:
4891:
4843:
4620:
4348:
4317:
4207:
3937:
3707:
3603:
3415:
3398:
3076:
3055:
3034:
3000:
2955:
2826:
2602:
2591:
2580:
2569:
2550:
2535:
2471:
2386:
2337:
2326:
2252:
1788:
1721:
1553:
1468:
805:
539:
388:
197:
170:
was a massive 200 pages long and was used in funerary services for the deceased.
91:
4571:
186:
5051:
4972:
4625:
4173:
3955:
3859:
3854:
3816:
3697:
2969:
1817:
1731:
1638:
1548:
1460:(also 4to. and 4Âș) is twice folded in half at right angles to make four leaves.
1429:
1287:
1191:
Hardbound book with half leather binding (spine and corners) and marbled boards
1103:
988:
698:
653:
606:
598:
583:
571:
524:
417:
413:
334:
108:
3783:
1242:
Rebacking saving original spine, showing one volume finished and one untouched
427:
Sammelband of three alchemical treatises, bound in Strasbourg by Samuel Emmel
47:
5116:
5071:
4982:
4863:
4848:
4732:
4381:
4301:
3793:
3272:
2528:
2257:. Studies in German Literature Linguistics and Culture Series. Vol. 76.
1761:
1668:
1634:
1255:
that sometimes are limited to a small handful of remaining copies worldwide.
1126:
799:
765:
358:
243:
At the turn of the first century, a kind of folded parchment notebook called
157:
4000:
3454:
3310:
Tomlinson, W and Master, R (1996 "Bookcloth 1823-1980", Stockport, Cheshire
3277:
Binding design and paper conservation of antique books, albums and documents
368:
5039:
4977:
4957:
4873:
4757:
4727:
4689:
4684:
4635:
4588:
4576:
4536:
4396:
4373:
4291:
4263:
4232:
4015:
3864:
1812:
1751:
965:
912:
898:
888:
590:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
423:
338:
250:
4124:
3360:
digital collection, Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, University of Toronto
3332:
Books, Boxes and Portfolios: Binding Construction, and Design Step-by-Step
2838:
2294:
1623:
differ about the direction in which the title along the spine is rotated:
1215:
Conservation and restoration of books, manuscripts, documents and ephemera
1203:
Cloth book cover with attached paper panel, mimicking half leather binding
5066:
5029:
5024:
4916:
4833:
4790:
4772:
4762:
4704:
4674:
4659:
4630:
4546:
4471:
4441:
4386:
4258:
4248:
4227:
4113:
4103:
4040:
3773:
3717:
3650:
3645:
3590:
3582:
3382:
1646:
1542:
1283:
1055:
708:
675:
594:
503:
499:
439:
346:
330:
285:
273:
265:
237:
152:, referring to the beechwood on which early written works were recorded.
3133:. (Originally published by Rinehart & Company, 1946 in two volumes.)
1908:
463:
5101:
4810:
4785:
4752:
4664:
4556:
4551:
4498:
4488:
4476:
4461:
4446:
4401:
4352:
4075:
4056:
3995:
3869:
3849:
3834:
3748:
3702:
3618:
3595:
2669:. New Castle (Del.) Nottingham (GB): Oak Knoll press The Plough press.
2562:
1851:
1846:
1248:
1143:
1073:
1029:
1021:
717:
350:
292:, in modern Lebanon. The idea of numbering each side of the pageâLatin
261:
214:
134:
75:
4431:
2463:
Joshua P. Hochschild, Publishers' Bind, First Things (November 2020),
1937:
Pompeiana: raccolta di studi per il secondo centenario degli di Pompei
1861:
1540:
might require trimming of the other two edges. Moreover, books with a
520:
5096:
5086:
5061:
4967:
4911:
4906:
4896:
4838:
4825:
4805:
4795:
4747:
4722:
4717:
4694:
4650:
4613:
4566:
4451:
4436:
4194:
4061:
3973:
3932:
3788:
3778:
3635:
2898:
1741:
1068:
960:
940:
868:
821:
809:
769:
757:
447:
392:
222:
161:
142:
90:
and binding deals with books planned to be read. This comprises: the
2505:. Stanford University Libraries and Academic Information Resources.
1514:(also 16mo. and 16Âș) is folded in half four times to make 16 leaves.
976:
The paper is placed in the cover, heated in a machine (resembling a
932:
Some of the different types of thermally activated binding include:
704:
Traditional Chinese and Korean bookbinding and Japanese stab binding
86:, manifold books, day books, diaries, and portfolios. The second is
5014:
5009:
4992:
4952:
4926:
4742:
4737:
4712:
4679:
4608:
4503:
4456:
4416:
4286:
4108:
4035:
4010:
3988:
3983:
3909:
3889:
3808:
3722:
2903:
1841:
1036:
1016:
944:
905:
851:
547:
191:
83:
3442:
3409:
University of Iowa Libraries Bookbinding Models Digital Collection
3372:
2136:
2134:
1528:
separates the leaves of the bound book into pages. A sheet folded
1479:(also 8vo. and 8Âș) is folded in half three times to make 8 leaves.
1028:, joins a set of nested folios into a single magazine issue; most
772:). Unusually large and heavy books are sometimes bound with wire.
372:
Decorative binding with figurehead of the 12th century manuscript
5046:
4901:
4881:
4800:
4780:
4603:
4593:
4561:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4391:
4202:
4083:
4025:
4005:
3894:
3768:
3692:
3665:
3623:
3546:
3140:. London: The Bibliographical Society, The British Library, 2004.
1807:
1167:
1155:
1134:
977:
813:
795:
624:
507:
342:
322:
306:
277:
257:
218:
138:
2428:. New York & London: Hafner Publishing Company. p. 346.
2349:
39:
5034:
4858:
4483:
4466:
3712:
2131:
1835:
1464:
1453:
1322:, thus "folio 5r" means "On the recto of the leaf numbered 5":
1260:
752:
Book conservators at the State Library of New South Wales, 1943
635:
617:
611:
443:
354:
326:
289:
130:
79:
3551:
3403:
2573:
1981:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 38.
1482:
A sextodecimo volume (thirty-two-page signature) is typically
916:
though all are produced through the basic principle of a wire
4583:
4528:
4426:
3432:
UNCG Digital Collections: American Publishers' Trade Bindings
3258:
Pearson, David. 2020. "Bookbinding History and Sacred Cows."
2107:
1585:
1411:
1336:
1327:
1270:
Example of blind tooling a book binding with exquisite detail
1163:
1159:
917:
638:
579:
400:
318:
227:
171:
104:
67:
63:
3373:
Several free books on Bookbinding, Gilding, Box construction
1943:
1684:
802:. This is also called full-bound or, simply, leather bound.
5004:
4962:
4815:
4421:
4406:
3727:
2465:
https://www.firstthings.com/article/2020/11/publishers-bind
2119:
1050:
495:
59:
3427:
Dutch art nouveau and art deco bookbindings on Anno1900.nl
2443:. Stockport, Cheshire: Dorothy Tomlinson. pp. 1â143.
1238:
412:
were given a new gold relief cover in about 1500, and the
249:
in Latin, became commonly used for writing throughout the
3357:
Great and Manifold: A Celebration of the Bible in English
74:
The trade of binding books is in two parts: the first is
2389:" at My Handbound Books â Bookbinding Blog, 19 June 2011
107:, textile and leather-working crafts, model making, and
94:
fine binding, edition binding and publisher's bindings.
3739:
3404:
Publishers Bindings Online, 1815â1930: The Art of Books
2543:
2403:. Stockport, Cheshire: Dorothy Tomlinson. p. vii.
2232:
2095:
1546:(uncut) are untrimmed and usually are special interest
1415:
is a series of quires sewn and bound through the folds.
1119:
bind, but often an existing commercially bound book is
554:(618â907), improved by the 'butterfly' bindings of the
420:, New York) have their original cover from around 800.
341:
during the 1st century AD. First described by the poet
3436:
2584:
2083:
534:
replaced traditional Chinese writing supports such as
349:, it largely replaced earlier writing mediums such as
217:
were commonly used in Antiquity as a writing surface.
2503:"A Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology: self-cover"
1960:
1958:
1041:
perfect binding and use thermally activated adhesive.
434:, showing metal clasps and leather covering of boards
3320:
Waller, Ainslie C. "The Guild of Women-Binders", in
3033:
Skeat, Theodore Cressy (2004). Elliot, J. K. (ed.).
2350:
Cyril James, Humphries Davenport (23 January 2006).
2329:
library exhibition "Islamic Books and Bookbinding";
2071:
2057:. New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press. pp. 79â117.
1888:
1876:
605:
In the early sixteenth century, the Italian printer
2820:
ANSI/NISO Z39.41-1997 Printed Information on Spines
1934:
1838: â Japanese historic precursor to modern books
1366:if unprinted) is a group of bifolia organized as a
1150:(as seen in the lead photograph for this article).
383:The earliest surviving European bookbinding is the
4347:
3021:
2869:
2769:"Etherington & Roberts. Dictionaryâsexternion"
1955:
527:book board from a book published in London in 1872
3298:Non-adhesive Binding: Books Without Paste or Glue
2795:"Etherington & Roberts. Dictionaryâsignature"
2281:bound according to their wishes and their budget.
542:and paper scrolls. The evolution of the codex in
30:"Bookbinder" redirects here. For other uses, see
5114:
3494:
3352:Fine Printing & Binding of the English Bible
2438:
2426:A History of English Craft Bookbinding Technique
1605:Three books with different titling orientations:
145:. The modern English word "book" comes from the
3252:. (Originally published by B.T. Batsford, 1952)
3186:
2717:"Etherington & Roberts. Dictionaryâsection"
1208:
3465:. Vol. IV (9th ed.). pp. 41â44.
3193:
3036:The Collected Biblical Writings of T. C. Skeat
2939:. Vancouver, BC: David & Charles Limited.
2937:The Craft of Bookbinding: A Practical Handbook
2616:"Etherington & Roberts. Dictionaryâfolder"
927:
649:The history of book-binding methods features:
4333:
4140:
3567:
2691:"Etherington & Roberts. Dictionaryâquire"
2439:Tomlinson, William; Masters, Richard (1996).
2380:Secret Belgian Binding â not a secret anymore
2180:"A brief history of shelving, and other news"
783:, which dominated bookbinding for a century.
194:containing about ten codices depicted in the
3529:
2998:
2968:
2841:Spine titles on books and other publications
2295:"Historic Cut-away Binding Structure Models"
2140:
2125:
2113:
2001:
1949:
812:binding of books intended for the rigors of
730:
726:(or "crisscross binding"), invented in 1986.
558:(960â1279), the wrapped back binding of the
408:are among the most notable. The 8th century
399:, often studded with gems and incorporating
137:, while important documents were written on
4154:
4066:
3385:, by Cyril James Humphries Davenport, from
3207:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1978.
2542:, The London College of Communication, and
2177:
2006:. London: British Academy. pp. 15â22.
1227:interested in improving their collections.
1002:
373:
293:
244:
231:
195:
4340:
4326:
4147:
4133:
3574:
3560:
2664:
2052:
656:: a method of sewing leaves/pages together
387:of about 700, in red goatskin, now in the
3512:
3123:Bookbinding: Its Background and Technique
2423:
2398:
1404:) â six bifolia, producing twelve leaves.
889:Double wire, twin loop, or Wire-O binding
761:
562:(1271â1368), the stitched binding of the
3392:British Library Database of Bookbindings
3364:Book bindings through the ages on Flickr
3300:. Fairport, NY: Sigma Foundation, 1992.
3219:The Practical Guide to Craft Bookbinding
3074:
3019:
2999:Roberts, Colin H.; Skeat, T. C. (1987).
2867:
2238:
1894:
1864: â Japanese traditional bookbinding
1683:
1600:
1265:
1237:
1133:
1125:
1049:
862:
747:
644:
519:
454:
422:
367:
305:
272:Early intact codices were discovered at
185:
46:
38:
3437:BBinding project, resources and manuals
3053:
2953:
2934:
2896:
2890:
2585:â Nova Scotia College of Art and Design
2101:
2089:
2077:
2036:, New York & Oxford, 1991, p. 473.
1882:
1388:â four bifolia, producing eight leaves;
1301:
550:in the 9th century AD, during the late
14:
5115:
3244:. New York: Dover Publications, 1957.
3125:. New York: Dover Publications, 1980.
3109:Bookbinding: A Guide to the Literature
2640:
2596:University of the Arts in Philadelphia
2482:
2476:
1976:
1382:â three bifolia, producing six leaves;
1045:
498:paper had existed in China during the
120:
4321:
4128:
3555:
3449:
3032:
2960:. H.M. Stationery Office – via
2660:
2658:
2656:
2250:
2190:from the original on 13 February 2017
2178:Piepenbring, Dan (12 November 2015).
1964:
1633:In texts published or printed in the
1394:â five bifolia, producing ten leaves;
1376:â two bifolia, producing four leaves;
1032:are well-known examples of this type.
181:
3500:Bookbinding: Its Processes and Ideal
3078:Geschichte des deutschen Buchhandels
2749:from the original on 3 February 2009
2622:from the original on 9 November 2011
2002:Roberts, Colin H; Skeat, TC (1983).
1560:
743:
593:manufacturing in Europe in the late
589:With the arrival (from the East) of
584:Buddhist missionaries and scriptures
576:traditional Chinese printing methods
458:
321:-style book, using sheets of either
3421:Dorothy Burnett's bookbinding tools
3221:. London: Thames and Hudson, 1985.
3156:. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold,
2897:Drösser, Christoph (9 April 2011).
2801:from the original on 11 August 2011
2220:from the original on 9 October 2016
1823:Bookbindings in the British Library
1138:Traditionally sewn book opened flat
24:
3101:
2849:from the original on 31 March 2022
2653:
2029:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
2020:
1906:
1832:– a book bound in human skin
1306:In U.S. publishing the terms are:
230:(pl. codices)âfrom the Latin word
25:
5174:
3532:"Bookbinding and Book Collecting"
3345:
3111:. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1982.
2911:from the original on 7 April 2022
2797:. US Government Printing Office.
2775:from the original on 18 July 2011
2771:. US Government Printing Office.
2723:from the original on 18 July 2011
2719:. US Government Printing Office.
2697:from the original on 18 July 2011
2693:. US Government Printing Office.
2618:. US Government Printing Office.
2509:from the original on 16 June 2012
2401:Foreword to "Bookcloth 1823-1980"
2360:from the original on 27 July 2020
2301:from the original on 27 June 2015
1696:
875:
781:Archibald Winterbottom & Sons
166:, meaning "to cut". The Egyptian
66:format, from an ordered stack of
4922:Bronze and brass ornamental work
3738:
3513:Davenport, Cyril J. H. (1911). "
3441:
3383:English Embroidered Bookbindings
3334:. New York: Design Press, 1990.
3083:History of the German Book Trade
2745:. National Diet Library, Japan.
2353:English Embroidered Bookbindings
1196:
1184:
582:and was introduced to China via
462:
43:A traditional bookbinder at work
3581:
3267:English Blind-Stamped Bindings.
3177:. New York: Weatherhill, 1986.
2861:
2831:
2813:
2787:
2761:
2735:
2709:
2683:
2634:
2608:
2555:
2521:
2495:
2457:
2432:
2417:
2392:
2372:
2343:
2313:
2286:
2244:
2202:
2171:
2158:Boundless Books and Writingware
2146:
2046:
1979:The Typology of the Early Codex
3324:Autumn 1983, published by the
3275:, Licheva, Elitsa and others,
2544:The North Bennet Street School
2540:The Camberwell College of Arts
2424:Middleton, Bernard C. (1963).
1995:
1970:
1928:
1900:
1577:
1130:Hardbound book spine stitching
681:Calf binding ("leather-bound")
329:(before the spread of Chinese
301:
129:culture wrote longer texts as
13:
1:
3326:Private Libraries Association
3136:Foot, Mirjam Michaela (ed.).
3085:] (in German). C.H.Beck.
1869:
958:(pulp paperbacks) are small (
615:(one-quarter-size pages) and
532:Bookbinding in medieval China
511:
428:
203:
58:is the process of building a
3269:Cambridge: University Press.
1424:contains the text. Although
1209:Conservation and restoration
502:period (202 BC â 9 AD), the
280:, and while many are single-
253:. This term was used by the
162:
27:Process of assembling a book
7:
4269:List of proofreader's marks
3631:Canons of page construction
3547:American Bookbinding Museum
3469:Joseph William Zaehnsdorf,
3279:, (BBinding), Sofia, 2014.
3187:
3185:. (Originally published as
3107:Brenni, Vito J., compiler.
3075:Wittmann, Reinhard (2011).
2743:"Printing and Book Designs"
2399:Middleton, Bernard (1995).
1914:Online Etymology Dictionary
1800:
1628:Top-to-bottom (descending):
943:books. It is also used for
928:Thermally activated binding
735:For several hundred years,
213:In addition to the scroll,
97:
32:Bookbinder (disambiguation)
10:
5179:
3540:Metropolitan Museum of Art
3368:National Library of Sweden
3170:24 (no 2) Summer: 245-250.
3149:71 no.3 (Autumn): 417â424.
2982:Cambridge University Press
2962:Victoria and Albert Museum
2927:
1700:
1658:Bottom-to-top (ascending):
1596:
1212:
827:
115:
29:
4935:
4872:
4824:
4771:
4703:
4527:
4372:
4359:
4279:
4241:
4160:
4049:
3964:
3923:
3825:
3807:
3759:Anthropodermic bibliopegy
3747:
3736:
3589:
3194:
3054:Vaughan, Alex J. (1950).
2954:Harthan, John P. (1950).
2872:The Book on the Bookshelf
2665:Greenfield, Jane (2002).
2053:Greenfield, Jane (2002).
1688:Modern book spine designs
1679:
1615:Early books did not have
731:Modern commercial binding
714:Anthropodermic bibliopegy
621:(one-eighth-size pages).
410:Vienna Coronation Gospels
4099:Intentionally blank page
3397:26 February 2015 at the
3293:18 no 1 (spring): 23â44.
3265:Oldham, J. Basil, 1952.
2868:Petroski, Henry (1999).
2825:14 November 2008 at the
2643:Journal of Artists Books
2601:21 November 2007 at the
2579:12 December 2007 at the
2563:Columbia College Chicago
2470:13 November 2020 at the
2340:from the Brooklyn Museum
2141:Needham & Tsien 1985
2126:Needham & Tsien 1985
2114:Needham & Tsien 1985
1950:Roberts & Skeat 1987
1572:
1291:any particular project.
1003:Stitched or sewn binding
51:Bookbinder's type holder
5057:Painting in HĂ€lsingland
4155:Book publishing process
3520:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
3505:Popular Science Monthly
3496:Cobden-Sanderson, T. J.
3462:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
3414:12 January 2009 at the
3237:10 4 (autumn): 408â422.
3024:Introducing Bookbinding
3020:Robinson, Ivor (1968).
3005:. OUP/British Academy.
2590:5 February 2009 at the
2297:. Book Arts Web. 2013.
2034:Oxford University Press
880:Different types of the
665:Long-stitch bookbinding
546:began with folded-leaf
536:bamboo and wooden slips
494:Although early, coarse
337:), was invented in the
4067:
3488:Arts and Crafts Essays
3479:T. J. Cobden-Sanderson
3472:The Art of Bookbinding
3154:Simplified Bookbinding
3002:The Birth of the Codex
2935:Burdett, Eric (1975).
2899:"Linksdrehende BĂŒcher"
2534:26 August 2009 at the
2336:6 January 2017 at the
2325:6 January 2017 at the
2154:"The Book on Two Legs"
2004:The Birth of the Codex
1717:Archibald Winterbottom
1709:Guild of Women-Binders
1689:
1612:
1310:In a finished book, a
1271:
1243:
1139:
1131:
1098:
956:Mass-market paperbacks
872:
753:
724:Secret Belgian binding
716:(rare) bookbinding in
687:In-board cloth binding
528:
435:
406:Codex Aureus of Lorsch
380:
374:
314:
310:9th-century Qur'an in
294:
245:
232:
210:
196:
52:
44:
4189:intellectual property
3446:Texts on Wikisource:
3205:Manual of Bookbinding
2574:University of Alabama
2292:See some examples at
1977:Turner, Eric (1977).
1829:Destinies of the Soul
1747:Jane Bissell Grabhorn
1701:Further information:
1687:
1604:
1584:Many translations of
1269:
1241:
1137:
1129:
1053:
866:
751:
645:Forms of book binding
523:
506:Chinese court eunuch
455:Introduction of paper
426:
371:
309:
189:
50:
42:
5077:Pressed flower craft
4218:Developmental editor
4213:Commissioning editor
4185:Contract negotiation
2529:Centro del bel Libro
2385:15 July 2015 at the
2214:www.encyclopedia.com
1757:Carolyn Price Horton
1703:Category:Bookbinders
1609:(middle) descending
1586:Japanese comic books
1473:trade paperback book
1302:Terms and techniques
816:use and are largely
672:Wooden-board binding
246:pugillares membranei
88:letterpress printing
5148:Egyptian inventions
4494:Spinning (textiles)
4412:Friendship bracelet
4197:rates, format, etc.
3536:Digital Collections
3456:"Bookbinding"
3322:The Private Library
3217:Johnson, Arthur W.
3203:Johnson, Arthur W.
3188:Hon no tsukuriikata
2876:. Alfred A. Knopf.
2568:12 May 2009 at the
2549:16 May 2008 at the
2441:Bookcloth 1823-1980
2143:, pp. 227â229.
1939:. pp. 166â178.
1857:Swell (bookbinding)
1784:Gligorije VozareviÄ
1779:Polly Lada-Mocarski
1046:Modern hand binding
950:National Geographic
694:Embroidered binding
690:Cased cloth binding
597:and the use of the
121:Origins of the book
4179:Publisher's reader
4094:Fore-edge painting
4089:Extra-illustration
3530:Museum Libraries.
3291:The Book Collector
3234:The Book Collector
3168:The Book Collector
3146:The Book Collector
2974:Tsien, Tsuen-Hsuin
2331:spread out example
2261:. pp. 25â54.
2055:ABC of Bookbinding
1690:
1665:continental Europe
1613:
1272:
1244:
1140:
1132:
1099:
939:is often used for
873:
776:Archibald Leighton
754:
684:Paper case binding
529:
474:. You can help by
436:
385:St Cuthbert Gospel
381:
315:
312:Reza Abbasi Museum
211:
182:Early book formats
160:word for book was
53:
45:
5110:
5109:
5000:Hardstone carving
4948:Balloon modelling
4462:Ribbon embroidery
4315:
4314:
4122:
4121:
4001:Addendum/Appendix
3885:Table of contents
3387:Project Gutenberg
3285:978-954-92311-8-2
3242:Basic Bookbinding
3173:Ikegami, Kojiro.
3092:978-3-406-61760-7
3067:978-0-7090-5820-5
3012:978-0-19-726061-6
2676:978-1-884718-41-0
2485:New Library Scene
2116:, pp. 38â41.
1952:, pp. 15â22.
1907:Harper, Douglas.
1794:Joseph Zaehnsdorf
1737:Douglas Cockerell
1607:(left) ascending
1561:Paperback binding
1475:. A sheet folded
1233:First, do no harm
1108:Master Bookbinder
1087:Right page, recto
1054:Scheme of common
985:cardboard article
884:binding include:
798:, usually from a
744:Hardcover binding
737:Bernard Middleton
660:Ethiopian binding
492:
491:
397:treasure bindings
376:Liber Landavensis
127:Hellenistic-Roman
16:(Redirected from
5170:
5163:Print production
5082:Qing handicrafts
4887:Chemical milling
4342:
4335:
4328:
4319:
4318:
4149:
4142:
4135:
4126:
4125:
4070:
3799:Treasure binding
3742:
3576:
3569:
3562:
3553:
3552:
3543:
3524:
3523:(11th ed.).
3509:
3466:
3458:
3445:
3296:Smith, Keith A.
3262:21 (4): 498â517.
3199:
3197:
3196:
3190:
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2378:Miller, Rhonda "
2376:
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2184:The Paris Review
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2166:
2164:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2129:
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2117:
2111:
2105:
2104:, pp. 8â11.
2099:
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2050:
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2018:
2017:
1999:
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1495:
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1490:
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1200:
1188:
1090:Left page, verso
1026:saddle-stitching
966:Trade paperbacks
566:(1368â1644) and
516:
513:
487:
484:
466:
459:
433:
430:
379:
297:
248:
235:
208:
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168:Book of the Dead
165:
21:
5178:
5177:
5173:
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5171:
5169:
5168:
5167:
5138:Book publishing
5113:
5112:
5111:
5106:
5092:Straw marquetry
4931:
4868:
4844:Enamelled glass
4820:
4767:
4699:
4523:
4368:
4355:
4349:Decorative arts
4346:
4316:
4311:
4280:Book production
4275:
4237:
4223:Authors' editor
4208:Literary editor
4156:
4153:
4123:
4118:
4045:
3960:
3956:Tipped-in pages
3919:
3900:Acknowledgments
3821:
3803:
3750:
3743:
3734:
3708:Recto and verso
3594:
3585:
3580:
3508:. Vol. 46.
3498:(March 1895). "
3416:Wayback Machine
3399:Wayback Machine
3348:
3191:
3104:
3102:Further reading
3099:
3093:
3068:
3047:
3013:
2992:
2970:Needham, Joseph
2947:
2946:978-071536656-1
2930:
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2895:
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2827:Wayback Machine
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2592:Wayback Machine
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2536:Wayback Machine
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2327:Wayback Machine
2320:Yale University
2318:
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2100:
2096:
2092:, pp. 8â9.
2088:
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2076:
2072:
2065:
2051:
2047:
2025:
2021:
2014:
2000:
1996:
1989:
1975:
1971:
1963:
1956:
1948:
1944:
1933:
1929:
1919:
1917:
1905:
1901:
1893:
1889:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1803:
1798:
1789:Ignatz Wiemeler
1769:
1727:William Anthony
1722:Katharine Adams
1705:
1699:
1682:
1611:(right) upright
1610:
1608:
1606:
1599:
1580:
1575:
1567:perfect binding
1563:
1554:book collectors
1506:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1469:digest magazine
1304:
1217:
1211:
1204:
1201:
1192:
1189:
1097:
1096:
1048:
1005:
973:Thermal binding
937:Perfect binding
930:
921:
893:
878:
830:
806:Library binding
746:
733:
647:
514:
488:
482:
479:
472:needs expansion
457:
431:
389:British Library
304:
206:
198:Codex Amiatinus
190:Early medieval
184:
125:Writers in the
123:
118:
100:
92:library binding
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5176:
5166:
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5153:Graphic design
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5027:
5022:
5020:Leatherworking
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
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4985:
4980:
4975:
4973:Egg decorating
4970:
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4174:Literary agent
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3860:Imprimi potest
3857:
3855:Edition notice
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3347:
3346:External links
3344:
3343:
3342:
3330:Zeier, Franz.
3328:
3318:
3308:
3294:
3287:
3273:Petkov, Rossen
3270:
3263:
3256:
3253:
3238:
3229:
3215:
3201:
3171:
3164:
3152:Gross, Henry.
3150:
3141:
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3121:Diehl, Edith.
3119:
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2491:(1): 8â11, 15.
2475:
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2267:
2243:
2241:, p. 269.
2231:
2201:
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2130:
2128:, p. 227.
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1732:George A. Baer
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1697:Notable people
1695:
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1639:United Kingdom
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1512:in sextodecimo
1480:
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1430:signature mark
1428:refers to the
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1213:Main article:
1210:
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1104:apprenticeship
1095:
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1042:
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1024:, also called
1013:
1004:
1001:
1000:
999:
992:
989:Modern Library
981:
970:
929:
926:
925:
924:
913:Spiral binding
910:
903:
896:
882:punch and bind
877:
876:Punch and bind
874:
861:
860:
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841:
829:
826:
808:refers to the
745:
742:
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729:
728:
727:
721:
711:
709:Girdle binding
706:
701:
699:Bradel binding
696:
691:
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682:
679:
673:
670:
667:
662:
657:
654:Coptic binding
646:
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607:Aldus Manutius
599:printing press
574:that replaced
572:printing press
490:
489:
469:
467:
456:
453:
418:Morgan Library
414:Lindau Gospels
335:Imperial China
303:
300:
183:
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147:Proto-Germanic
122:
119:
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109:graphic design
99:
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5120:
5118:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5072:Private press
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5041:
5038:
5037:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4994:
4991:
4990:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4983:Faux painting
4981:
4979:
4978:Engraved gems
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4934:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4879:
4877:
4875:
4871:
4865:
4864:Stained glass
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4849:Glass etching
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4827:
4823:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4778:
4776:
4774:
4770:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4710:
4708:
4706:
4702:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4657:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4638:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4530:
4526:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4469:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4382:Banner-making
4380:
4379:
4377:
4375:
4371:
4365:
4362:
4361:
4358:
4354:
4350:
4343:
4338:
4336:
4331:
4329:
4324:
4323:
4320:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4284:
4282:
4278:
4270:
4267:
4266:
4265:
4264:Proof-reading
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4240:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4200:
4196:
4193:
4190:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4159:
4150:
4145:
4143:
4138:
4136:
4131:
4130:
4127:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4069:
4065:
4064:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4048:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3943:Illustrations
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3926:
3922:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3839:bastard title
3838:
3837:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3824:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3806:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3794:Picture cover
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3746:
3741:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3619:Marginal note
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3597:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3577:
3572:
3570:
3565:
3563:
3558:
3557:
3554:
3548:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3528:
3522:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3468:
3464:
3463:
3457:
3452:
3448:
3447:
3444:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3341:
3340:0-8306-3483-5
3337:
3333:
3329:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3307:
3306:0-927159-04-X
3303:
3299:
3295:
3292:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3264:
3261:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3250:0-486-20169-4
3247:
3243:
3240:Lewis, A. W.
3239:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3228:
3227:0-500-27360-X
3224:
3220:
3216:
3214:
3213:0-684-15332-7
3210:
3206:
3202:
3189:
3184:
3183:0-8348-0196-5
3180:
3176:
3172:
3169:
3165:
3163:
3162:0-442-22898-8
3159:
3155:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3139:
3135:
3132:
3131:0-486-24020-7
3128:
3124:
3120:
3118:
3117:0-313-23718-2
3114:
3110:
3106:
3105:
3094:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3079:
3073:
3069:
3063:
3059:
3058:
3052:
3048:
3046:90-04-13920-6
3042:
3038:
3037:
3031:
3026:
3025:
3018:
3014:
3008:
3004:
3003:
2997:
2993:
2991:0-521-08690-6
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2958:
2952:
2948:
2942:
2938:
2933:
2932:
2910:
2906:
2905:
2900:
2893:
2885:
2883:0-375-40649-2
2879:
2874:
2873:
2864:
2848:
2844:
2842:
2834:
2828:
2824:
2821:
2816:
2800:
2796:
2790:
2774:
2770:
2764:
2748:
2744:
2738:
2722:
2718:
2712:
2696:
2692:
2686:
2678:
2672:
2668:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2648:
2644:
2637:
2621:
2617:
2611:
2604:
2600:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2564:
2558:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2527:Such as the:
2524:
2508:
2504:
2498:
2490:
2486:
2479:
2473:
2469:
2466:
2460:
2452:
2446:
2442:
2435:
2427:
2420:
2412:
2406:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2384:
2381:
2375:
2359:
2355:
2354:
2346:
2339:
2335:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2321:
2316:
2300:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2270:
2268:9781571134028
2264:
2260:
2256:
2255:
2247:
2240:
2239:Wittmann 2011
2235:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2205:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2174:
2159:
2155:
2149:
2142:
2137:
2135:
2127:
2122:
2115:
2110:
2103:
2098:
2091:
2086:
2079:
2074:
2066:
2064:1-884718-41-8
2060:
2056:
2049:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2023:
2015:
2013:0-19-726061-6
2009:
2005:
1998:
1990:
1988:0-8122-7696-5
1984:
1980:
1973:
1967:, p. 45.
1966:
1961:
1959:
1951:
1946:
1938:
1931:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1903:
1896:
1895:Robinson 1968
1891:
1885:, p. xi.
1884:
1879:
1875:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1762:Fortino Jaime
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1694:
1686:
1677:
1674:
1673:French Canada
1670:
1669:Latin America
1666:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1635:United States
1629:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1618:
1603:
1594:
1587:
1582:
1581:
1570:
1568:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1524:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1448:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1338:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1279:
1275:
1268:
1264:
1262:
1256:
1252:
1250:
1240:
1236:
1234:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1216:
1199:
1194:
1187:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1158:, decorative
1157:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1136:
1128:
1124:
1122:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1105:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1052:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1006:
996:
993:
990:
986:
982:
979:
974:
971:
967:
963:
962:
957:
952:
951:
946:
942:
938:
935:
934:
933:
919:
914:
911:
907:
904:
900:
897:
890:
887:
886:
885:
883:
870:
865:
857:
853:
848:
845:
842:
839:
835:
834:
833:
825:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
801:
797:
792:
788:
784:
782:
777:
773:
771:
767:
763:
759:
750:
741:
738:
725:
722:
719:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
655:
652:
651:
650:
642:
640:
637:
632:
628:
626:
622:
620:
619:
614:
613:
608:
603:
600:
596:
592:
587:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
538:, as well as
537:
533:
526:
522:
518:
509:
505:
501:
497:
486:
483:February 2013
477:
473:
470:This section
468:
465:
461:
460:
452:
449:
445:
441:
425:
421:
419:
415:
411:
407:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
378:
377:
370:
366:
362:
360:
359:Western world
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
313:
308:
299:
296:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
270:
267:
263:
259:
256:
252:
247:
241:
239:
234:
229:
224:
220:
216:
200:
199:
193:
188:
179:
175:
173:
169:
164:
159:
158:Ancient Greek
153:
151:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
113:
110:
106:
95:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
72:
69:
65:
62:, usually in
61:
57:
49:
41:
37:
33:
19:
5040:Glass mosaic
4958:Bone carving
4758:Wood carving
4753:Wood burning
4728:Chip carving
4685:Scrapbooking
4670:Papier-mùché
4636:Papercutting
4589:Iris folding
4577:Photomontage
4572:Papier collé
4541:
4537:Altered book
4397:Cross-stitch
4296:
4233:Copy editing
4016:Bibliography
3905:Introduction
3865:Nihil obstat
3845:Frontispiece
3827:Front matter
3763:
3661:Illumination
3538:. New York:
3535:
3518:
3503:
3486:
3470:
3460:
3451:Paton, James
3355:
3331:
3321:
3297:
3290:
3276:
3266:
3259:
3241:
3232:
3218:
3204:
3174:
3167:
3153:
3144:
3137:
3122:
3108:
3082:
3077:
3056:
3035:
3023:
3001:
2977:
2957:Bookbindings
2956:
2936:
2913:. Retrieved
2902:
2892:
2871:
2863:
2851:. Retrieved
2840:
2833:
2815:
2803:. Retrieved
2789:
2777:. Retrieved
2763:
2751:. Retrieved
2737:
2725:. Retrieved
2711:
2699:. Retrieved
2685:
2666:
2646:
2642:
2636:
2624:. Retrieved
2610:
2557:
2523:
2511:. Retrieved
2497:
2488:
2484:
2478:
2459:
2440:
2434:
2425:
2419:
2400:
2394:
2374:
2362:. Retrieved
2356:. BookRags.
2352:
2345:
2315:
2303:. Retrieved
2288:
2279:
2272:. Retrieved
2259:Camden House
2253:
2246:
2234:
2222:. Retrieved
2213:
2204:
2192:. Retrieved
2183:
2173:
2161:. Retrieved
2157:
2148:
2121:
2109:
2102:Harthan 1950
2097:
2090:Harthan 1950
2085:
2080:, p. 8.
2078:Harthan 1950
2073:
2054:
2048:
2027:
2022:
2003:
1997:
1978:
1972:
1945:
1936:
1930:
1918:. Retrieved
1912:
1902:
1897:, p. 9.
1890:
1883:Vaughan 1950
1878:
1827:
1813:Book folding
1767:Paul Kersten
1752:James Hayday
1691:
1662:
1657:
1643:Commonwealth
1632:
1627:
1621:
1614:
1591:
1566:
1564:
1549:objets dâart
1547:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1517:
1511:
1476:
1457:
1439:
1435:
1425:
1419:
1410:
1401:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1353:
1346:
1335:
1326:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1305:
1297:
1293:
1288:hand-marbled
1284:natural dyes
1280:
1276:
1273:
1257:
1253:
1245:
1229:
1221:
1218:
1175:
1171:
1152:
1141:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1100:
1035:
1025:
1020:through the
1015:
1009:
995:Tape binding
994:
984:
972:
959:
948:
936:
931:
899:Comb binding
881:
879:
831:
804:
793:
789:
785:
774:
755:
734:
648:
633:
629:
623:
616:
610:
604:
588:
560:Yuan dynasty
556:Song dynasty
552:Tang dynasty
530:
493:
480:
476:adding to it
471:
440:blind stamps
437:
382:
363:
339:Roman Empire
316:
271:
251:Roman Empire
242:
212:
176:
154:
149:
124:
105:paper making
101:
73:
55:
54:
36:
18:Book-binding
5133:Book design
5123:Bookbinding
5067:Pietra dura
5030:Micromosaic
4963:Doll making
4917:Silversmith
4834:Cameo glass
4791:Earthenware
4763:Woodturning
4675:Pop-up book
4660:Papermaking
4547:Calligraphy
4542:Bookbinding
4472:Rug hooking
4442:Needlepoint
4422:Lace-making
4387:Canvas work
4259:Typesetting
4228:Book editor
4164:preparation
4114:Thumb index
4080:Die-cutting
4041:Author page
3966:Back matter
3925:Body matter
3774:Dust jacket
3764:Bookbinding
3751:back covers
3718:Rubrication
3671:Historiated
3591:Page layout
3583:Book design
3515:Bookbinding
3483:Bookbinding
3028:. Batsford.
2274:19 February
2026:"Codex" in
1770: [
1663:In most of
1651:Netherlands
1647:Scandinavia
1578:Orientation
1552:to and for
1543:Deckle edge
1392:quinternion
1166:(see also:
1056:book design
1030:comic books
676:Limp vellum
595:Middle Ages
504:Eastern-Han
500:Western Han
432: 1568
351:wax tablets
347:Roman Spain
333:outside of
331:papermaking
302:Development
286:scriptorium
274:Nag Hammadi
266:Oxyrhynchus
238:Herculaneum
215:wax tablets
135:wax tablets
56:Bookbinding
5117:Categories
5102:Wall decal
5025:Miniatures
4943:Assemblage
4811:Terracotta
4786:Bone china
4665:Paper toys
4631:Papercraft
4557:Cast paper
4552:Cardmaking
4499:String art
4489:Shoemaking
4477:Rug making
4447:Needlework
4402:Embroidery
4392:Crocheting
4353:handicraft
4170:Submission
4076:Book rhyme
4057:Book curse
3996:Postscript
3979:Conclusion
3875:Dedication
3870:Imprimatur
3850:Title page
3835:Half-title
3749:Front and
3703:Pull quote
3604:Annotation
3596:typography
3316:0952773600
2839:"ISO 6357
2626:23 October
2513:22 October
2450:0952773600
2410:0952773600
2364:25 January
2194:27 January
2042:0195046528
1965:Skeat 2004
1870:References
1852:Stiffening
1847:Prize book
1398:sexternion
1386:quaternion
1249:provenance
1144:bonefolder
1074:Book cover
1062:Belly band
1022:centerfold
844:Oversewing
762:signatures
718:human skin
262:Saturnalia
255:Roman poet
221:and later
207: 700
76:stationery
5158:Paper art
5128:Book arts
5097:Taxidermy
5087:Scrimshaw
5062:Pargeting
4988:Grotesque
4968:Dollhouse
4912:Goldsmith
4907:Jewellery
4897:Engraving
4854:Glassware
4839:Chip work
4806:Stoneware
4796:Porcelain
4748:Marquetry
4723:Carpentry
4718:Cabinetry
4695:Wallpaper
4621:Embossing
4614:Moneygami
4567:Decoupage
4452:Patchwork
4437:Millinery
4068:ex-librīs
4062:Bookplate
3974:Afterword
3933:Body text
3809:Endpapers
3789:Paperback
3779:Hardcover
3688:Miniature
3676:Inhabited
3656:Headpiece
3636:Catchword
3039:. Brill.
2561:Such as:
2224:7 October
1742:Otto Fein
1538:in octavo
1530:in quarto
1518:Duodecimo
1477:in octavo
1458:in quarto
1426:signature
1421:signature
1360:gathering
1148:finishing
1081:Fore edge
1037:Magazines
1010:sewn book
945:magazines
941:paperback
923:patterns.
869:paperback
838:textblock
822:paperback
810:hardcover
770:Book size
758:hardcover
591:rag paper
548:pamphlets
515: 50
448:gold leaf
393:metalwork
223:polyptych
143:parchment
84:notebooks
78:binding (
5052:Ornament
5015:Lapidary
5010:Lath art
4993:Gargoyle
4953:Beadwork
4927:Ironwork
4743:Intarsia
4738:Fretwork
4733:ĂbĂ©niste
4713:Bentwood
4690:Stamping
4680:Quilling
4626:Marbling
4609:Kirigami
4599:Kamikiri
4504:Tapestry
4457:Quilting
4417:Knitting
4302:Trimming
4287:Printing
4254:Indexing
4242:Prepress
4109:Slipcase
4036:Postface
4031:Colophon
4011:Glossary
4006:Endnotes
3984:Epilogue
3951:Sections
3938:Chapters
3910:Prologue
3890:Foreword
3880:Epigraph
3723:Typeface
3693:Ornament
3609:Footnote
3453:(1878).
3412:Archived
3395:Archived
3060:. Hale.
2976:(1985).
2909:Archived
2904:Die Zeit
2847:Archived
2823:Archived
2799:Archived
2773:Archived
2747:Archived
2721:Archived
2695:Archived
2649:: 47â49.
2620:Archived
2599:Archived
2594:and the
2588:Archived
2577:Archived
2566:Archived
2547:Archived
2532:Archived
2507:Archived
2468:Archived
2383:Archived
2358:Archived
2334:Archived
2323:Archived
2305:23 March
2299:Archived
2218:Archived
2188:Archived
1842:Prebound
1801:See also
1649:and the
1526:Trimming
1374:duernion
1358:(also a
1347:bifolium
1223:archival
1069:Endpaper
1017:Stapling
906:VeloBind
219:Diptychs
192:bookcase
98:Overview
5047:Netsuke
4902:Etching
4882:Andiron
4801:Pottery
4781:Azulejo
4773:Ceramic
4641:Chinese
4604:Origami
4594:Jianzhi
4562:Collage
4519:Weaving
4514:Tie-dye
4509:Tatting
4432:Macrame
4407:Felting
4374:Textile
4364:History
4307:Imprint
4297:Binding
4292:Folding
4203:Editing
4195:royalty
4104:Pop-ups
4084:Endband
3895:Preface
3817:Marbled
3784:Leather
3769:Buckram
3666:Initial
3624:Scholia
3366:by the
3260:Library
2928:Sources
2915:9 April
2853:8 March
2843:, 1985"
2805:17 July
2727:17 July
2163:3 April
1920:8 March
1862:WasĆbon
1808:Bindery
1597:Titling
1536:folded
1505:⁄
1491:⁄
1402:sextern
1380:ternion
1368:section
1355:section
1168:buckram
1156:leather
978:griddle
867:Modern
828:Methods
818:serials
814:library
796:leather
678:binding
625:Leipzig
618:octavos
612:quartos
525:Marbled
508:Cai Lun
395:called
355:scrolls
343:Martial
323:papyrus
278:papyrus
258:Martial
139:papyrus
131:scrolls
116:History
5143:Crafts
5035:Mosaic
4892:Enamel
4859:Mirror
4651:Slavic
4646:Jewish
4484:Sewing
4467:Carpet
4249:Design
4191:rights
4026:Errata
3713:Rubric
3683:Margin
3651:Header
3646:Footer
3641:Column
3491:, 1893
3475:, 1890
3338:
3314:
3304:
3283:
3248:
3225:
3211:
3195:æŹăźă€ăăæč
3181:
3160:
3129:
3115:
3089:
3064:
3043:
3009:
2988:
2943:
2880:
2779:7 June
2753:7 June
2701:7 June
2673:
2572:, the
2447:
2407:
2265:
2061:
2040:
2010:
1985:
1909:"book"
1836:Orihon
1680:Design
1671:, and
1641:, the
1637:, the
1617:titles
1471:and a
1465:octavo
1454:quarto
1440:quarto
1400:(also
1286:, and
1261:foxing
1162:, and
1121:pulled
1093:Gutter
871:spines
766:octavo
639:Qurans
636:Arabic
496:hempen
444:vellum
327:vellum
295:pagina
290:Byblos
233:caudex
150:*bokiz
80:vellum
4936:Other
4874:Metal
4826:Glass
4584:Decal
4529:Paper
4427:Lucet
4021:Index
3989:Outro
3947:Parts
3614:Gloss
3485:" in
3081:[
1774:]
1573:Spine
1534:quire
1447:folio
1436:Folio
1412:codex
1364:quire
1337:verso
1328:recto
1320:verso
1318:from
1316:recto
1282:with
1176:extra
1164:cloth
1160:paper
969:book.
918:helix
852:glued
580:India
544:China
416:(now
401:ivory
345:from
319:codex
282:quire
228:codex
172:Torah
68:paper
64:codex
5005:Inro
4816:Tile
4705:Wood
4351:and
4162:Copy
3728:Font
3593:and
3336:ISBN
3312:ISBN
3302:ISBN
3281:ISBN
3246:ISBN
3223:ISBN
3209:ISBN
3179:ISBN
3158:ISBN
3127:ISBN
3113:ISBN
3087:ISBN
3062:ISBN
3041:ISBN
3007:ISBN
2986:ISBN
2941:ISBN
2917:2011
2878:ISBN
2855:2020
2807:2007
2781:2009
2755:2009
2729:2007
2703:2009
2671:ISBN
2628:2008
2515:2008
2445:ISBN
2405:ISBN
2366:2020
2307:2015
2276:2013
2263:ISBN
2226:2016
2196:2017
2165:2020
2059:ISBN
2038:ISBN
2008:ISBN
1983:ISBN
1922:2018
1438:and
1362:and
1334:The
1325:The
1312:leaf
1247:the
1172:fine
1084:Tail
1078:Head
1065:Flap
961:16mo
820:and
800:calf
568:Qing
564:Ming
540:silk
353:and
317:The
163:tome
60:book
3517:".
3502:".
3481:, "
1496:by
1463:An
1174:or
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325:or
141:or
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2972:;
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2655:^
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512:c.
429:c.
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