1125:
1009:
31:
1232:
2406:
1359:
The book begins by describing Yahweh's judgement. With a triple repetition of "I will sweep away" in 1:2–3, Zephaniah emphasizes the totality of the destruction, as the number three often signifies perfection in the Bible. The order of creatures in
Zephanaiah 1:2 ("humans and animals ... the birds
1182:
As with many of the other prophets, there is no external evidence to directly associate composition of the book with a prophet by the name of
Zephaniah. Some scholars, such as Kent Harold Richards and Jason DeRouchie, consider the words in Zephaniah to reflect a time early in the reign of
1222:
a generation or two previously—an exile that the
Judahite literary tradition attributed to Yahweh's anger against Israel's disobedience to his covenant. In this historical context, Zephaniah urges Judah to obedience to Yahweh, saying that "perhaps" he will forgive them if they do.
1373:
As is common in prophetic literature in the Bible, a "remnant" survives Yahweh's judgement in
Zephaniah by humbly seeking refuge in Yahweh. The book concludes in an announcement of hope and joy, as Yahweh "bursts forth in joyful divine celebration" over his people.
2409:
1124:
1360:... the fish") is the opposite of the creation order in Genesis 1:1–28, signifying an undoing of creation. This is also signified by the way that "from the face of the earth" forms an
2656:
3024:
1332:
More consistently than any other prophetic book, Zephaniah focuses on "the day of the Lord," developing this tradition from its first appearance in
2646:
1140:
The book's superscription attributes its authorship to "Zephaniah son of Cushi son of
Gedaliah son of Amariah son of Hezekiah, in the days of
2709:
1491:
3641:
3523:
2499:
2671:
1199:. Some who consider the book to have largely been written by a historical Zephaniah have suggested that he may have been a disciple of
1211:
If
Zephaniah was largely composed during the monarchic period, then its composition was occasioned by Judah's refusal to obey its
3600:
2676:
2651:
3508:
3503:
2367:
3518:
1191:(698/687–642 BC). Others agree that some portion of the book is postmonarchic, that is, dating to later than 586 BC when the
1187:(640–609 BC) before his reforms of 622 BC took full effect, in which case the prophet may have been born during the reign of
1171:
maintains that, based on the context, "Cushi" must be understood as a personal name rather than an indicator of nationality.
30:
3209:
2156:
2120:
2090:
2056:
2666:
3315:
995:
3636:
3310:
3171:
3278:
2218:
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3396:
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3124:
2702:
1498:
1436:
952:
2661:
3656:
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2376:
3720:
1423:
The original manuscript of this book has been lost. Some early manuscripts containing the text of this book in
3646:
3715:
3610:
3605:
1577:
1486:(6th century). Some fragments containing parts of the Septuagint version of this book were found among the
1112:
interpreted the name to mean "the watchman of the Lord". The original text of the prophecy was written in
3689:
3119:
2695:
1898:
1872:
1674:
1412:
1216:
1196:
947:
1592:
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2593:
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1964:
1556:
3411:
2358:
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1921:
1774:
1588:
1383:
3325:
3304:
3298:
1697:
1778:
1747:
3320:
3288:
3283:
3019:
2980:
2396:
1786:
1770:
834:
3626:
3498:
3355:
3216:
2956:
1782:
1367:
988:
2349:
2315:
2254:
3482:
3365:
3350:
3340:
2932:
812:
3431:
3370:
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3268:
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1370:
in
Genesis 6:7, Genesis 7:4, and Genesis 8:8, where it also connotes an undoing of creation.
1085:
730:
246:
3631:
3551:
3263:
3176:
3086:
2852:
2739:
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2399:) (Creative Commons translation with in-depth introduction and extensive translation notes)
1008:
914:
711:
426:
8:
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3014:
2797:
2767:
2287:
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2142:
1212:
868:
608:
559:
489:
111:
1235:
Illustration depicting
Zephaniah addressing the people, from a French 16th-century Bible
3465:
3380:
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3181:
3143:
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2939:
2567:
2194:
2044:
1483:
1479:
1452:
1219:
981:
894:
863:
201:
146:
2204:
1203:
because of the two books' similar focus on rampant corruption and injustice in Judah.
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3153:
3096:
2917:
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2214:
2176:
2152:
2116:
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549:
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306:
91:
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1487:
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1271:
1231:
1192:
1172:
1097:
1030:
937:
774:
706:
657:
618:
574:
365:
291:
222:
1167:. While some have concluded from this that Zephaniah was dark-skinned or African,
3443:
3421:
3375:
2922:
2882:
2857:
2787:
2762:
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2208:
2170:
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2146:
2138:
2079:
1573:
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1444:
1432:
1424:
1397:
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1345:
1341:
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1113:
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794:
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682:
598:
554:
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311:
271:
232:
177:
101:
71:
530:
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3005:
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2912:
2862:
2842:
2812:
2792:
2777:
2772:
2752:
2718:
2608:
2456:
2302:
2108:
1447:(1008). Fragments containing parts of this book in Hebrew were found among the
1428:
1387:
1337:
1101:
859:
854:
849:
829:
784:
721:
701:
623:
603:
588:
583:
544:
469:
446:
301:
212:
187:
167:
157:
81:
3704:
3426:
3235:
3104:
2970:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2867:
2837:
2735:
2588:
2469:
2430:
2190:
1145:
1089:
932:
824:
769:
764:
759:
739:
692:
667:
513:
406:
389:
286:
281:
276:
256:
2282:
Old
Testament Survey: the Message, Form, and Background of the Old Testament
2253:
3684:
3584:
3513:
3415:
2877:
2872:
2832:
2802:
2782:
2730:
2465:
2343:
2134:
2130:
2104:
2100:
2066:
1440:
1349:
1333:
1168:
971:
749:
744:
662:
638:
613:
593:
436:
416:
266:
261:
38:
1612:
3567:
3163:
3081:
3076:
2990:
2985:
2817:
1459:
1366:
around
Zephaniah 1:2-3, hearkening back to how the phrase is used in the
909:
904:
844:
839:
647:
375:
19:
This article is about the Book of Zephaniah. For the Hebrew prophet, see
3401:
1382:
Because of its hopeful tone of the gathering and restoration of exiles,
3556:
1467:
1466:, made in the last few centuries BC. Extant ancient manuscripts of the
1463:
1293:
129:
1104:. Zephaniah is a male given name that is usually interpreted to mean "
3071:
2687:
2618:
2562:
2552:
2547:
2213:. Translated by Rhodes, Erroll F. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans.
1404:
1305:
1149:
899:
20:
2477:
2355:(ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
1451:, including 4Q77 (4QXII; 150–125 BCE), 4Q78 (4QXII; 75–50 BCE), and
3578:
3148:
3135:
3114:
3061:
3056:
2603:
2542:
2415:
1719:
1717:
1394:
1362:
1176:
1160:
1129:
942:
889:
884:
1016:(AD. 1008) contains the complete text of the Book of Zephaniah in
3590:
3455:
2527:
2329:
1408:
1316:
1163:," and the text of Zephaniah mentions the sin and restoration of
329:
2196:
The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants
1882:
1880:
1796:
1794:
1714:
1702:
1679:
1179:, though that is not a claim advanced in the text of Zephaniah.
3561:
3438:
2822:
2613:
2532:
2448:
1646:
1644:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1602:
1600:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1200:
1184:
1141:
1105:
1093:
1017:
652:
355:
2722:
2632:
2537:
2522:
2243:
Zephaniah: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary
1903:
1877:
1854:
1842:
1818:
1806:
1791:
1752:
1729:
1656:
1156:
54:
2175:. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company.
1641:
1624:
1597:
1532:
1509:
1108:
has hidden/protected," or "Yahweh hides". The church father
2572:
1998:
1830:
1400:
1060:
1054:
1045:
1039:
2010:
1926:
2294:(New International Commentary on the Old Testament, 1990)
1976:
1974:
2245:. The Anchor Bible Volume 25A. Toronto: Doubleday, 1994.
2022:
1175:
interpreted the name Hezekiah in the superscription as
2172:
A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature
1971:
1986:
1938:
1051:
1042:
1036:
1033:
1048:
2078:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
3702:
1455:Minor Prophets (Mur88; MurXIIProph; 75-100 CE).
1393:Zephaniah served as a major inspiration for the
1336:. The day of the Lord tradition also appears in
1950:
1418:
1407:," whose title and opening words are from the
1215:obligations toward Yahweh despite having seen
2703:
2493:
2129:
2099:
2065:
2043:
1909:
1886:
1860:
1848:
1836:
1824:
1812:
1800:
1758:
1735:
1723:
1708:
1685:
1662:
1650:
1635:
1618:
1606:
1543:
1526:
989:
1132:, with part of the Book of Zephaniah (Latin
2292:The Books of Nahum, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah
2051:(rev. ed.). New York: Harper Collins.
1242:supplies headings for the book as follows:
1159:," Zephaniah's father, means "Cushite" or "
1057:
2710:
2696:
2500:
2486:
2284:. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 1996.
2269:Hirsch, Emil G. & Ira Maurice Price. "
1128:A 13th-century Latin Bible, possibly from
996:
982:
2251:
2203:
2016:
1932:
2165:
2028:
2004:
1980:
1965:"General Info | The Way To Yahuweh"
1230:
1123:
1007:
2266:Transcribed by Thomas M. Barrett. 2003.
1561:EWTN Global Catholic Television Network
1557:"The Prophecy of Sophonias | EWTN"
1246:Verse and chapter headings in the HCSB
3703:
2717:
2189:
2111:; Naselli, Andrew David, eds. (2015).
1992:
1944:
1119:
2691:
2507:
2481:
2336:Tzefaniah – Zephaniah (Judaica Press)
2322:Translations of the book of Zephaniah
2085:. New York: Oxford University Press.
2305:. Minneapolis, Fortress Press, 2003.
2264:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1437:the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets
3642:Other books referenced in the Bible
3601:New Testament manuscript categories
2316:Zephaniah at JewishEncyclopedia.com
1073:
13:
3172:Testaments of the Three Patriarchs
2235:
1377:
14:
3732:
2309:
1458:There is also a translation into
2404:
2258:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
2248:Easton's Bible Dictionary, 1897.
2047:; Meeks, Wayne A., eds. (2006).
1499:List of Hebrew Bible manuscripts
1029:
29:
3657:Biblical and Quranic narratives
2382:(Authorized King James Version)
2145:; Taylor, Justin, eds. (2008).
1915:
1892:
1866:
1764:
1741:
1691:
1668:
2373:(New Revised Standard Version)
2280:LaSor, William Sanford et al.
2049:The Harper Collins Study Bible
1621:, pp. 781–784, 918, 1043.
1582:
1567:
1549:
1431:tradition, which includes the
1:
2387:Non-affiliated translations:
2255:"Sophonias (Zephaniah)"
2210:The Text of the Old Testament
1315:Punishment and Conversion of
1240:The HarperCollins Study Bible
2392:The Heavenly Fire: Zephaniah
1492:Naḥal Ḥever (1st century CE)
7:
2414:public domain audiobook at
2115:. Grand Rapids: Zondervan.
1419:Surviving early manuscripts
10:
3737:
3637:English Bible translations
3025:Song of the Three Children
2338:translation at Chabad.org
2037:
1496:
1206:
18:
3675:
3619:
3537:
3491:
3389:
3234:
3197:
3162:
3133:
3095:
3040:
2947:
2931:
2729:
2672:American Standard Version
2639:
2627:
2581:
2515:
2463:
2453:
2446:
2438:
2424:
2113:NIV Zondervan Study Bible
1801:Attridge & Meeks 2006
1724:Attridge & Meeks 2006
1709:Attridge & Meeks 2006
1636:Attridge & Meeks 2006
1226:
1080:; sometimes Latinized as
488:
478:
468:
445:
435:
425:
415:
405:
374:
364:
354:
231:
221:
211:
186:
176:
166:
156:
110:
100:
90:
80:
70:
1503:
1148:," All that is known of
3499:Intertestamental period
2299:Zephaniah: A Commentary
1368:Genesis flood narrative
1270:The Coming Judgment on
3483:Apocalyptic literature
3120:Paralipomena of Baruch
2275:JewishEncyclopedia.com
2252:Faulhaber, M. (1913).
2081:The Jewish Study Bible
1236:
1177:King Hezekiah of Judah
1137:
1084:) is the ninth of the
1021:
948:Paralipomena of Baruch
3721:Twelve Minor Prophets
3647:Additional Scriptures
3611:New Testament uncials
2677:World English Version
2261:Catholic Encyclopedia
2151:. Wheaton: Crossway.
1497:Further information:
1386:has been included in
1234:
1152:comes from the text.
1127:
1086:Twelve Minor Prophets
1011:
3716:7th-century BC books
3632:Bible version debate
3606:New Testament papyri
3552:Samaritan Pentateuch
3177:Testament of Abraham
3115:1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan
2143:Schreiner, Thomas R.
2107:; Alexander, T. D.;
1445:Codex Leningradensis
1100:and followed by the
943:1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan
3574:Muratorian fragment
3509:New Testament canon
3504:Old Testament canon
3397:Chapters and verses
3015:Additions to Daniel
2981:Additions to Esther
2297:Sweeney, Marvin A.
2288:O. Palmer Robertson
2167:Fitzmyer, Joseph A.
2133:; Dennis, Lane T.;
2045:Attridge, Harold W.
2007:, pp. 140–141.
1726:, pp. 1259–60.
1711:, pp. 1260–64.
1688:, pp. 758–759.
1247:
1120:Authorship and date
869:Additions to Daniel
835:Additions to Esther
3187:Testament of Jacob
3182:Testament of Isaac
3067:Prayer of Manasseh
3030:Bel and the Dragon
3010:Letter of Jeremiah
2667:King James Version
2568:Sodom and Gomorrah
2426:Book of Zephaniah
2371:at The Great Books
2364:(various versions)
2071:Brettler, Marc Zvi
1910:Grudem et al. 2008
1887:Berlin et al. 2004
1861:Grudem et al. 2008
1849:Berlin et al. 2004
1837:Berlin et al. 2004
1825:Grudem et al. 2008
1813:Berlin et al. 2004
1759:Berlin et al. 2004
1736:Berlin et al. 2004
1686:Berlin et al. 2004
1663:Berlin et al. 2004
1651:Berlin et al. 2004
1619:Berlin et al. 2004
1607:Berlin et al. 2004
1544:Carson et al. 2015
1527:Grudem et al. 2008
1484:Codex Marchalianus
1482:(5th century) and
1480:Codex Alexandrinus
1304:The Wickedness of
1245:
1237:
1197:Siege of Jerusalem
1138:
1096:, preceded by the
1022:
895:Prayer of Manasseh
864:Letter of Jeremiah
3711:Book of Zephaniah
3698:
3697:
3667:Textual criticism
3230:
3229:
3154:Psalms of Solomon
3097:Orthodox Tewahedo
2685:
2684:
2509:Book of Zephaniah
2476:
2475:
2454:Succeeded by
2353:at GospelHall.org
2075:Fishbane, Michael
2019:, pp. 73–74.
1935:, pp. 35–37.
1413:Zephaniah 1:15–16
1330:
1329:
1262:(Superscription)
1110:Jerome of Stridon
1026:Book of Zephaniah
1006:
1005:
966:
965:
960:
959:
924:Orthodox Tewahedo
850:Wisdom of Solomon
802:
801:
508:
507:
502:
501:
498:
497:
455:
454:
384:
383:
320:
319:
241:
240:
196:
195:
120:
119:
16:Book of the Bible
3728:
3547:Dead Sea Scrolls
3529:Dating the Bible
3407:Historical books
3044:Eastern Orthodox
2957:Eastern Orthodox
2945:
2944:
2938:
2712:
2705:
2698:
2689:
2688:
2662:Wycliffe Version
2502:
2495:
2488:
2479:
2478:
2439:Preceded by
2422:
2421:
2418:Various versions
2408:
2407:
2362:at CrossWalk.com
2265:
2257:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2205:Würthwein, Ernst
2200:
2186:
2162:
2158:978-1-43350241-5
2139:Collins, C. John
2126:
2122:978-0-31043833-5
2105:Hess, Richard S.
2096:
2092:978-0-19529751-5
2084:
2062:
2058:978-0-06122840-7
2032:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1969:
1968:
1961:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1924:
1919:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1875:
1870:
1864:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1828:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1804:
1798:
1789:
1768:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1727:
1721:
1712:
1706:
1700:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1672:
1666:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1639:
1633:
1622:
1616:
1610:
1604:
1595:
1586:
1580:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1553:
1547:
1541:
1530:
1524:
1488:Dead Sea Scrolls
1476:Codex Sinaiticus
1470:version include
1449:Dead Sea Scrolls
1443:(10th century),
1248:
1244:
1193:Kingdom of Judah
1173:Abraham ibn Ezra
1098:Book of Habakkuk
1075:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
998:
991:
984:
819:
818:
815:
813:Deuterocanonical
689:
688:
685:
641:
577:
533:
524:
523:
518:
466:
465:
403:
402:
396:
352:
351:
343:
342:
338:
334:
209:
208:
154:
153:
143:
142:
138:
134:
68:
67:
63:
59:
49:
48:
43:
33:
26:
25:
3736:
3735:
3731:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3725:
3701:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3671:
3615:
3533:
3524:Christian canon
3487:
3422:Prophetic books
3385:
3316:2 Thessalonians
3311:1 Thessalonians
3226:
3193:
3158:
3129:
3091:
3050:
3036:
2964:
2936:
2935:
2927:
2738:
2734:
2725:
2716:
2686:
2681:
2635:
2623:
2577:
2511:
2506:
2468:
2459:
2444:
2434:
2427:
2405:
2312:
2241:Berlin, Adele.
2238:
2236:Further reading
2225:
2223:
2221:
2183:
2159:
2148:ESV Study Bible
2123:
2109:Moo, Douglas J.
2093:
2077:, eds. (2004).
2059:
2040:
2035:
2027:
2023:
2015:
2011:
2003:
1999:
1991:
1987:
1979:
1972:
1963:
1962:
1951:
1943:
1939:
1931:
1927:
1920:
1916:
1912:, p. 1739.
1908:
1904:
1897:
1893:
1889:, p. 1242.
1885:
1878:
1871:
1867:
1863:, p. 1738.
1859:
1855:
1851:, p. 1241.
1847:
1843:
1835:
1831:
1827:, p. 1732.
1823:
1819:
1815:, p. 1505.
1811:
1807:
1803:, p. 1260.
1799:
1792:
1769:
1765:
1761:, p. 1169.
1757:
1753:
1746:
1742:
1738:, p. 1186.
1734:
1730:
1722:
1715:
1707:
1703:
1696:
1692:
1684:
1680:
1675:1 Kings 17:5–18
1673:
1669:
1665:, p. 1234.
1661:
1657:
1653:, p. 2111.
1649:
1642:
1638:, p. 1259.
1634:
1625:
1617:
1613:
1609:, p. 1235.
1605:
1598:
1587:
1583:
1572:
1568:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1546:, p. 1839.
1542:
1533:
1529:, p. 1729.
1525:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1478:(4th century),
1474:(4th century),
1472:Codex Vaticanus
1453:Wadi Murabba'at
1433:Codex Cairensis
1421:
1411:translation of
1380:
1378:Later influence
1283:Day of the Lord
1229:
1209:
1122:
1114:Biblical Hebrew
1032:
1028:
1014:Leningrad Codex
1002:
962:
961:
816:
811:
804:
803:
686:
681:
674:
673:
672:
642:
637:
630:
629:
628:
578:
573:
566:
565:
564:
534:
529:
516:
504:
503:
394:
340:
336:
330:
322:
321:
316:
140:
136:
130:
122:
121:
65:
61:
55:
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3734:
3724:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3664:
3662:Synod of Hippo
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3623:
3621:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3596:Masoretic Text
3593:
3588:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3543:
3541:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3495:
3493:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3480:
3479:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3453:
3452:
3451:
3446:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3432:Minor prophets
3429:
3427:Major prophets
3419:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3393:
3391:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3240:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3205:Pseudepigrapha
3201:
3199:
3198:Classification
3195:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3168:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3144:Psalms 152–155
3140:
3138:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3101:
3099:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3045:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3012:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2954:
2948:
2942:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2798:1–2 Chronicles
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2744:
2742:
2727:
2726:
2715:
2714:
2707:
2700:
2692:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2636:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2585:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2512:
2505:
2504:
2497:
2490:
2482:
2474:
2473:
2461:
2460:
2455:
2452:
2445:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2431:Minor prophets
2428:
2425:
2420:
2419:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2385:
2384:
2383:
2374:
2365:
2356:
2346:translations:
2341:
2340:
2339:
2332:translations:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2319:
2318:
2311:
2310:External links
2308:
2307:
2306:
2303:Paul D. Hanson
2295:
2285:
2278:
2267:
2249:
2246:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2219:
2201:
2193:, ed. (2010).
2191:Ulrich, Eugene
2187:
2181:
2163:
2157:
2127:
2121:
2097:
2091:
2063:
2057:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2031:, p. 127.
2021:
2017:Würthwein 1995
2009:
1997:
1995:, p. 618.
1985:
1970:
1949:
1947:, p. 616.
1937:
1933:Würthwein 1995
1925:
1914:
1902:
1891:
1876:
1865:
1853:
1841:
1829:
1817:
1805:
1790:
1775:Ezekiel 30:2–3
1763:
1751:
1740:
1728:
1713:
1701:
1690:
1678:
1667:
1655:
1640:
1623:
1611:
1596:
1581:
1566:
1548:
1531:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1429:Masoretic Text
1420:
1417:
1388:Jewish liturgy
1384:Zephaniah 3:20
1379:
1376:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1302:
1298:
1297:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1228:
1225:
1208:
1205:
1121:
1118:
1102:Book of Haggai
1004:
1003:
1001:
1000:
993:
986:
978:
975:
974:
968:
967:
964:
963:
958:
957:
956:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
927:
926:
920:
919:
918:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
879:
878:
874:
873:
872:
871:
866:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
817:
810:
809:
806:
805:
800:
799:
798:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
734:
733:
731:Minor prophets
727:
726:
725:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
696:
695:
693:Major prophets
687:
680:
679:
676:
675:
671:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
644:
643:
636:
635:
632:
631:
627:
626:
621:
616:
611:
609:1–2 Chronicles
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
580:
579:
572:
571:
568:
567:
563:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
536:
535:
528:
527:
520:
519:
517:(Christianity)
510:
509:
506:
505:
500:
499:
496:
495:
494:Divre Hayyamim
492:
486:
485:
482:
476:
475:
472:
462:
461:
457:
456:
453:
452:
449:
443:
442:
439:
433:
432:
429:
423:
422:
419:
413:
412:
409:
399:
398:
386:
385:
382:
381:
378:
372:
371:
368:
362:
361:
358:
348:
347:
341:
328:
327:
324:
323:
318:
317:
315:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
253:
250:
249:
243:
242:
239:
238:
235:
229:
228:
225:
219:
218:
215:
205:
204:
198:
197:
194:
193:
190:
184:
183:
180:
174:
173:
170:
164:
163:
160:
150:
149:
141:
128:
127:
124:
123:
118:
117:
114:
108:
107:
104:
98:
97:
94:
88:
87:
84:
78:
77:
74:
66:
53:
52:
45:
44:
35:
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3733:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3674:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3618:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3484:
3481:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3454:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3437:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3306:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3279:2 Corinthians
3277:
3275:
3274:1 Corinthians
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3236:New Testament
3233:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3217:New Testament
3215:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3132:
3126:
3125:Broader canon
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3039:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2934:
2930:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2838:Song of Songs
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2736:Old Testament
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2713:
2708:
2706:
2701:
2699:
2694:
2693:
2690:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2657:Latin Vulgate
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2589:Amon of Judah
2587:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2503:
2498:
2496:
2491:
2489:
2484:
2483:
2480:
2472:
2471:
2470:Old Testament
2467:
2462:
2458:
2451:
2450:
2443:
2437:
2433:
2432:
2423:
2417:
2413:
2412:
2403:
2398:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2381:
2380:at Wikisource
2379:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2262:
2256:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2239:
2222:
2220:0-8028-0788-7
2216:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2182:9780802862419
2178:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2154:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2135:Packer, J. I.
2132:
2131:Grudem, Wayne
2128:
2124:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2101:Carson, D. A.
2098:
2094:
2088:
2083:
2082:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2067:Berlin, Adele
2064:
2060:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2030:
2029:Fitzmyer 2008
2025:
2018:
2013:
2006:
2005:Fitzmyer 2008
2001:
1994:
1989:
1983:, p. 38.
1982:
1981:Fitzmyer 2008
1977:
1975:
1966:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1946:
1941:
1934:
1929:
1923:
1918:
1911:
1906:
1900:
1895:
1888:
1883:
1881:
1874:
1869:
1862:
1857:
1850:
1845:
1839:, p. 21.
1838:
1833:
1826:
1821:
1814:
1809:
1802:
1797:
1795:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1767:
1760:
1755:
1749:
1744:
1737:
1732:
1725:
1720:
1718:
1710:
1705:
1699:
1694:
1687:
1682:
1676:
1671:
1664:
1659:
1652:
1647:
1645:
1637:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1620:
1615:
1608:
1603:
1601:
1594:
1590:
1585:
1579:
1575:
1574:Zephaniah 1:1
1570:
1562:
1558:
1552:
1545:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1528:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1508:
1500:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1462:known as the
1461:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1375:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1243:
1241:
1233:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1146:Amon of Judah
1143:
1135:
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3390:Subdivisions
3303:
3008: /
2933:Deuterocanon
2907:
2853:Lamentations
2833:Ecclesiastes
2740:(protocanon)
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2647:Hebrew Bible
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1873:Zeph 3:12–13
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1292:Judgment on
1251:Verse (NRSV)
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862: /
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663:Ecclesiastes
437:Ecclesiastes
427:Lamentations
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39:Hebrew Bible
3690:WikiProject
3568:Diatessaron
3539:Manuscripts
3492:Development
3294:Philippians
3164:Beta Israel
3082:4 Maccabees
3077:3 Maccabees
2991:2 Maccabees
2986:1 Maccabees
2768:Deuteronomy
2594:Cherethites
2226:January 26,
1993:Ulrich 2010
1945:Ulrich 2010
1787:Malachi 4:5
1771:Isaiah 13:6
1593:Zeph 3:9–10
1460:Koine Greek
1427:are of the
1317:the Nations
1185:King Josiah
1142:King Josiah
910:4 Maccabees
905:3 Maccabees
845:2 Maccabees
840:1 Maccabees
560:Deuteronomy
112:Deuteronomy
3705:Categories
3627:Authorship
3557:Septuagint
3402:Pentateuch
3381:Revelation
3305:Laodiceans
3299:Colossians
2788:1–2 Samuel
2652:Septuagint
1779:Obadiah 15
1468:Septuagint
1464:Septuagint
1281:The Great
1155:The name "
599:1–2 Samuel
575:Historical
531:Pentateuch
490:Chronicles
460:Historical
337:(Writings)
137:(Prophets)
3466:Johannine
3326:2 Timothy
3321:1 Timothy
3289:Ephesians
3284:Galatians
3072:Psalm 151
2940:apocrypha
2918:Zechariah
2908:Zephaniah
2793:1–2 Kings
2758:Leviticus
2619:Zephaniah
2563:Philistia
2553:Jerusalem
2466:Christian
2411:Zephaniah
2378:Zephaniah
2369:Zephaniah
2360:Zephaniah
2344:Christian
2271:Zephaniah
1922:Zeph 3:17
1783:Joel 1:15
1589:Zeph 2:12
1405:Dies Irae
1306:Jerusalem
1161:Ethiopian
1150:Zephaniah
1134:Sophonias
1082:Sophonias
1074:צְפַנְיָה
900:Psalm 151
790:Zechariah
780:Zephaniah
683:Prophetic
604:1–2 Kings
550:Leviticus
395:(Scrolls)
307:Zechariah
297:Zephaniah
237:Yekhezqel
227:Yirmeyahu
217:Yeshayahu
92:Leviticus
42:(Judaism)
21:Zephaniah
3680:Category
3579:Peshitta
3476:Catholic
3471:Pastoral
3456:Epistles
3449:Synoptic
3336:Philemon
3149:2 Baruch
3136:Peshitta
3110:Jubilees
3062:2 Esdras
3057:1 Esdras
2952:Catholic
2903:Habakkuk
2848:Jeremiah
2828:Proverbs
2808:Nehemiah
2604:Hezekiah
2543:Ethiopia
2528:Ashkelon
2442:Habakkuk
2416:LibriVox
2207:(1995).
2199:. Brill.
2169:(2008).
1698:Zeph 2:3
1490:, i.e.,
1398:Catholic
1395:medieval
1363:inclusio
1296:Enemies
1294:Israel's
1254:Heading
1217:Israel's
1213:covenant
1189:Manasseh
1130:Toulouse
938:Jubilees
890:2 Esdras
885:1 Esdras
775:Habakkuk
707:Jeremiah
658:Proverbs
619:Nehemiah
474:Daniyyel
392:Megillot
366:Proverbs
360:Tehillim
292:Habakkuk
223:Jeremiah
192:Melakhim
172:Shofetim
162:Yehoshua
106:Bemidbar
76:Bereshit
3652:Studies
3620:Related
3591:Vulgate
3461:Pauline
3439:Gospels
3356:2 Peter
3351:1 Peter
3341:Hebrews
3244:Matthew
3134:Syriac
3020:Susanna
2923:Malachi
2883:Obadiah
2858:Ezekiel
2763:Numbers
2748:Genesis
2721:of the
2640:Sources
2277:. 2002.
2038:Sources
1439:(916),
1435:(895),
1409:Vulgate
1354:Malachi
1346:Obadiah
1342:Ezekiel
1323:3:14–20
1278:1:14–18
1207:Purpose
1144:son of
1088:of the
1078:Ṣəfanyā
795:Malachi
755:Obadiah
717:Ezekiel
555:Numbers
540:Genesis
441:Qohelet
370:Mishlei
332:Ketuvim
312:Malachi
272:Obadiah
233:Ezekiel
182:Shemuel
132:Nevi'im
116:Devarim
102:Numbers
96:Wayiqra
72:Genesis
3685:Portal
3562:Targum
3371:3 John
3366:2 John
3361:1 John
3269:Romans
3222:Jewish
3047:Others
3006:Baruch
3001:Sirach
2996:Wisdom
2976:Judith
2961:Others
2913:Haggai
2863:Daniel
2843:Isaiah
2823:Psalms
2813:Esther
2778:Judges
2773:Joshua
2753:Exodus
2614:Josiah
2582:People
2533:Canaan
2523:Ashdod
2516:Places
2457:Haggai
2330:Jewish
2301:. Ed.
2217:
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1425:Hebrew
1352:, and
1338:Isaiah
1312:3:8–13
1289:2:1–15
1267:1:2–13
1227:Themes
1201:Isaiah
1165:Cushim
1106:Yahweh
1094:Tanakh
1070:Hebrew
1018:Hebrew
860:Baruch
855:Sirach
830:Judith
785:Haggai
722:Daniel
702:Isaiah
653:Psalms
639:Wisdom
624:Esther
589:Judges
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545:Exodus
470:Daniel
447:Esther
431:Eikhah
356:Psalms
346:Poetic
335:
302:Haggai
247:Minor
213:Isaiah
202:Latter
178:Samuel
168:Judges
158:Joshua
147:Former
135:
86:Shemot
82:Exodus
60:
3346:James
3331:Titus
3105:Enoch
2971:Tobit
2898:Nahum
2893:Micah
2888:Jonah
2868:Hosea
2723:Bible
2719:Books
2633:Ammon
2628:Terms
2599:Judah
2558:Judah
2538:Ekron
1504:Notes
1301:3:1–7
1272:Judah
1220:exile
1157:Cushi
933:Enoch
825:Tobit
770:Nahum
765:Micah
760:Jonah
740:Hosea
451:Ester
390:Five
287:Nahum
282:Micah
277:Jonah
257:Hosea
188:Kings
57:Torah
3444:List
3376:Jude
3264:Acts
3259:John
3254:Luke
3249:Mark
3210:list
3087:Odes
2878:Amos
2873:Joel
2803:Ezra
2783:Ruth
2609:YHWH
2573:Zion
2548:Gaza
2228:2019
2215:ISBN
2177:ISBN
2153:ISBN
2117:ISBN
2087:ISBN
2053:ISBN
1578:NRSV
1401:hymn
1350:Joel
1334:Amos
1092:and
1024:The
1012:The
915:Odes
750:Amos
745:Joel
614:Ezra
594:Ruth
484:Ezra
417:Ruth
380:Iyov
267:Amos
262:Joel
2937:and
2818:Job
2397:PDF
2273:."
1259:1:1
648:Job
421:Rut
376:Job
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