1774:
39:
101:
instructions typically start an input operation from some peripheral device (which may be switch-selectable by the operator). Other systems may send hardware commands directly to peripheral devices or I/O controllers that cause an extremely simple input operation (such as "read sector zero of the system device into memory starting at location 1000") to be carried out, effectively loading a small number of boot loader instructions into memory; a completion signal from the I/O device may then be used to start execution of the instructions by the CPU.
31:
143:
378:). Some boot loaders can also load other boot loaders; for example, GRUB loads BOOTMGR instead of loading Windows directly. Usually, a default choice is preselected with a time delay during which a user can press a key to change the choice; after this delay, the default choice is automatically run so normal booting can occur without interaction.
444:(PXE) image. No drivers are required, but the system functionality is limited until the operating system kernel and drivers are transferred and started. As a result, once the ROM-based booting has completed it is entirely possible to network boot into an operating system that itself does not have the ability to use the network interface.
1080:), and as soon as the boot sector is a DR-DOS sector, it will find and load them. Of course, it is difficult to put all this into just 512 bytes, the size of a single sector, but this is a major convenience improvement if you have to set up a DR-DOS system, and it is also the key for the DR-DOS multi-OS
1074:. The DR-DOS boot sector will find the kernel files as long as they are logically stored in the root directory. Their physical location on the disk, and if they are fragmented or not, is don't care for the DR-DOS boot sector. Hence, you can just copy the kernel files to the disk (even with a simply
260:
EBPB introduced with DOS 7.1 requires even 87 bytes, leaving only 423 bytes for the boot loader when assuming a sector size of 512 bytes. Microsoft boot sectors, therefore, traditionally imposed certain restrictions on the boot process. For example, the boot file had to be located at a fixed position
410:
Large and complex systems may have boot procedures that proceed in multiple phases until finally the operating system and other programs are loaded and ready to execute. Because operating systems are designed as if they never start or stop, a boot loader might load the operating system, configure
104:
Smaller computers often use less flexible but more automatic boot loader mechanisms to ensure that the computer starts quickly and with a predetermined software configuration. In many desktop computers, for example, the bootstrapping process begins with the CPU executing software contained in ROM
100:
Some earlier computer systems, upon receiving a boot signal from a human operator or a peripheral device, may load a very small number of fixed instructions into memory at a specific location, initialize at least one CPU, and then point the CPU to the instructions and start their execution. These
276:
physical sectors, using 386 instructions for size reasons. At the same time, other vendors managed to squeeze much more functionality into a single boot sector without relaxing the original constraints on only minimal available memory (32 KiB) and processor support (8088/8086). For example,
181:
Boot loaders may face peculiar constraints, especially in size; for instance, on the earlier IBM PC and compatibles, a boot sector should typically work with 510 bytes of code (or less) and in only 32 KiB (later relaxed to 64 KiB) of system memory and only use instructions supported by the
1167:, DR-DOS has "smart" boot sectors which will actually "mount" the file-system to search for and load the system files in the root directory instead of expecting them to be placed at a certain location. Physically, the system files can be located anywhere and also can be fragmented.
1088:
kernel files must reside on specific locations, but the DR-DOS files can be anywhere, so you don't have to physically swap them around each time you boot the other OS. Also, it allows to upgrade a DR-DOS system simply by copying the kernel files over the old ones, no need for
826:; Pollock, John; Reynolds, Aaron; Rubin, Darryl; Ryan, Ralph; Schulmeisters, Karl; Shah, Rajen; Shaw, Barry; Short, Anthony; Slivka, Ben; Smirl, Jon; Stillmaker, Betty; Stoddard, John; Tillman, Dennis; Whitten, Greg; Yount, Natalie; Zeck, Steve (1988). "Technical advisors".
267:
command and slightly relaxed in later versions of DOS. The boot loader was then able to load the first three sectors of the file into memory, which happened to contain another embedded boot loader able to load the remainder of the file into memory. When
Microsoft added
121:, are designed to execute this software after reset without outside help). This software contains rudimentary functionality to search for devices eligible to participate in booting, and load a small program from a special section (most commonly the
962:
so you don't have to worry about leaving the first cluster free on a disk that you want to make bootable. The DR DOS system files can be located anywhere on the disk, so any disk with enough free space can be set to boot your system.
487:
manual incorrectly states that the system files no longer need to be contiguous. However, for the boot process to work the system files still need to occupy the first two directory entries and the first three sectors of
365:
from different partitions or drives), different versions of the same operating system (in case a new version has unexpected problems), different operating system loading options (e.g., booting into a rescue or
1621:
1146:
does not only partition a disk, but can also format the freshly created volumes and initialize their boot sectors in one go, so there's no risk to accidentally mess up the wrong volume and no need for
806:; Borman, Reuben; Borman, Rob; Butler, John; Carroll, Chuck; Chamberlain, Mark; Chell, David; Colee, Mike; Courtney, Mike; Dryfoos, Mike; Duncan, Rachel; Eckhardt, Kurt; Evans, Eric; Farmer, Rick;
733:
350:, are not themselves operating systems, but are able to load an operating system properly and transfer execution to it; the operating system subsequently initializes itself and may load extra
1179:
940:
381:
The boot process can be considered complete when the computer is ready to interact with the user, or the operating system is capable of running system programs or application programs.
1099:. You can even have multiple DR-DOS kernel files under different file names stored on the same drive, and LOADER will switch between them according to the file names listed in the
909:
411:
itself as a mere process within that system, and then irrevocably transfer control to the operating system. The boot loader then terminates normally as any other process would.
354:. The second-stage boot loader does not need drivers for its own operation, but may instead use generic storage access methods provided by system firmware such as the BIOS or
814:; McKinney, Bruce; Martin, Pascal; Mathers, Estelle; Matthews, Bob; Melin, David; Mergentime, Charles; Nevin, Randy; Newell, Dan; Newell, Tani; Norris, David; O'Leary, Mike;
440:
As with the second-stage boot loader, network booting begins by using generic network access methods provided by the network interface's boot ROM, which typically contains a
810:; Geary, Michael; Griffin, Bob; Hogarth, Doug; Johnson, James W.; Kermaani, Kaamel; King, Adrian; Koch, Reed; Landowski, James; Larson, Chris; Lennon, Thomas; Lipkie, Dan;
1041:
918:
993:
916:
407:
so the device can begin functioning immediately; little or no loading is necessary, because the loading can be precomputed and stored on the ROM when the device is made.
214:, which the BIOS requires for a proper boot loader — or even less, when additional features like more than four partition entries (up to 16 with 16 bytes each), a
870:(xix+1570 pages; 26 cm) (NB. This edition was published in 1988 after extensive rework of the withdrawn 1986 first edition by a different team of authors.
634:'s size never exceeded this limit in previous versions without this loader. Combined with a dual entry structure this also allows the system to be loaded by a
838:; Rabinowitz, Chip; Tomlin, Jim; Wilton, Richard; Wolverton, Van; Wong, William; Woodcock, JoAnne (Completely reworked ed.). Redmond, Washington, USA:
161:
1187:
630:
to check for this condition and load the remainder of the file into memory by itself if necessary. This does not cause compatibility problems, as
1702:
1159:. Afterwards, you could just copy over the remaining DR-DOS files, including the system files. It is important to know that, in contrast to
716:
361:
Many boot loaders can be configured to give the user multiple booting choices. These choices can include different operating systems (for
277:
DR-DOS boot sectors are able to locate the boot file in the FAT12, FAT16 and FAT32 file systems, and load it into memory as a whole via
1253:
73:
When a computer is turned off, its software‍—‌including operating systems, application code, and data‍—‌remains stored on
911:
1124:
1276:
335:
1659:
914:
2351:
717:"Caldera OpenDOS 7.01/7.02 Update Alpha 3 IBMBIO.COM - README.TXT and BOOT.TXT - A short description of how OpenDOS is booted"
901:
626:
VBR would only load the first 29 KB of the file into memory, relying on another loader embedded into the first part of
2275:
93:) along with some needed data, to initialize RAM (especially on x86 systems), to access the nonvolatile device (usually
1760:
1695:
2344:
1737:
847:
437:(TFTP). After these parts have been transferred, the operating system takes over the control of the booting process.
1033:
985:
888:
Chappell, Geoff (January 1994). "Chapter 2: The system footprint". In
Schulman, Andrew; Pedersen, Amorette (eds.).
610:
file is larger than some 29 KB, trying to load the whole file into memory would result in the boot loader to
211:
1576:
1404:
261:
in the root directory of the file system and stored within consecutive sectors, conditions taken care of by the
1246:
561:
434:
871:
2409:
2014:
1744:
1688:
1321:
441:
370:), and some standalone programs that can function without an operating system, such as memory testers (e.g.,
1773:
1868:
1664:
569:
253:
2439:
2036:
400:
97:, e.g., NAND flash) or devices from which the operating system programs and data can be loaded into RAM.
17:
66:
a computer. If it also provides an interactive menu with multiple boot choices then it's often called a
1730:
1611:
1581:
295:
from a non-volatile device, they can also initialize system hardware for the loaded operating systems.
238:
2077:
1903:
1875:
1566:
1558:
1311:
1239:
464:
215:
207:
769:
565:
1753:
1591:
1571:
541:
537:
269:
257:
249:
77:. When the computer is powered on, it typically does not have an operating system or its loader in
38:
1419:
1116:
375:
1409:
619:
573:
219:
1081:
930:
830:. By Duncan, Ray; Bostwick, Steve; Burgoyne, Keith; Byers, Robert A.; Hogan, Thom; Kyle, Jim;
2581:
1341:
1281:
970:
utility while in fact this is a feature of the advanced bootstrap loader in the boot sector.
687:
110:
770:
Compaq computer corporation; Phoenix technologies ltd; Intel corporation (11 January 1996).
572:
techniques to squeeze everything into a single physical sector, as it was a requirement for
433:, and certain parts of it are transferred to the client using a simple protocol such as the
403:
to start is generally unacceptable. Therefore, such devices have software systems in ROM or
2284:
2250:
2200:
2070:
1965:
1882:
1806:
1799:
1669:
1603:
1382:
1291:
529:
458:
278:
245:
223:
78:
190:
processors. The first stage of PC boot loaders (FSBL, first-stage boot loader) located on
8:
2291:
2264:
2095:
1935:
1889:
1467:
1399:
1306:
553:
74:
771:
27:
Software responsible for starting the
Computer and Load other software to the CPU memory
2552:
2323:
2257:
1326:
720:
597:
517:
513:
430:
396:
281:
or LBA, even if the file is not stored in a fixed location and in consecutive sectors.
241:
203:
94:
2559:
2228:
2221:
2007:
1616:
1538:
1424:
1316:
1301:
897:
861:
853:
843:
114:
90:
157:
2524:
2471:
2464:
2050:
1972:
1505:
1414:
1353:
1331:
1148:
1020:) file and then loads the *whole* file into memory before it passes control to it.
426:
292:
82:
59:
2400:
1958:
1813:
1389:
1377:
1336:
1262:
839:
835:
823:
420:
392:
358:, though typically with restricted hardware functionality and lower performance.
191:
1928:
1631:
1513:
1485:
1434:
1296:
1076:
893:
795:
659:
195:
30:
2575:
2123:
2116:
1854:
1783:
1636:
1548:
1155:
1091:
954:
831:
815:
811:
803:
581:
577:
496:
362:
355:
351:
263:
227:
865:
623:
549:
533:
484:
2378:
2144:
1896:
1533:
1346:
819:
745:
638:
VBR, which would load only the first three sectors of the file into memory.
404:
1064:
file into memory before it executes it. It does not care at all about the
959:
2510:
2446:
2109:
2061:
1646:
1586:
1394:
935:
234:
126:
122:
81:(RAM). The computer first executes a relatively small program stored in
2545:
2531:
2371:
2043:
1845:
1680:
1626:
1452:
1164:
1096:
1066:
1060:
1017:
1012:
892:. The Andrew Schulman programming series (1st printing, 1st ed.).
807:
799:
635:
615:
602:
525:
490:
315:
187:
183:
118:
2517:
2165:
2000:
1993:
1949:
1523:
1117:"The continuing saga of Windows 3.1 in enhanced mode on OmniBook 300"
371:
367:
311:
1226:
429:. In this scenario, the operating system is stored on the disk of a
2538:
2503:
2337:
2193:
2130:
1986:
1979:
1711:
1480:
1372:
1363:
1231:
453:
339:
327:
307:
2432:
2172:
2151:
2102:
1942:
1921:
1715:
1641:
1528:
1518:
1457:
1444:
63:
857:
272:
and FAT32 support, they switched to a boot loader reaching over
2485:
2214:
2179:
1543:
1475:
1201:
1160:
1138:
1100:
1085:
1055:
1007:
594:
557:
545:
521:
331:
86:
788:
125:) of the most promising device, typically starting at a fixed
2478:
2330:
2186:
2158:
2137:
1142:
939:. Vol. 10, no. 3. pp. 241–246, 257, 264, 266.
883:
881:
879:
818:; Olsson, Mike; Osterman, Larry; Ostling, Ridge; Pai, Sunil;
347:
343:
528:
counterparts could still be achieved utilizing conventional
2423:
2416:
2385:
2207:
1861:
1838:
1831:
1495:
1490:
1429:
794:
395:
must boot immediately. For example, waiting a minute for a
303:
299:
288:
284:
230:
loaders have to be supported as well in some environments.
199:
106:
876:
576:- and cross-compatibility with other operating systems in
512:
As an example, while the extended functionality of DR-DOS
117:) at a predefined address (some CPUs, including the Intel
660:"GNU GRUB - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
477:
384:
1180:"Chapter 6 - Troubleshooting startup and disk problems"
1095:, no difficult setup procedures as required for MS-DOS/
374:), a basic shell (as in GNU GRUB), or even games (see
587:
425:Most computers are also capable of booting over a
828:The MS-DOS Encyclopedia: versions 1.0 through 3.2
710:
708:
2573:
508:
506:
206:in order to leave room for the default 64-byte
2087:
922:
705:
622:disk parameter table (DPT/FDPB). Therefore, a
560:-level programming, controlled utilization of
162:sources that evaluate within a broader context
1696:
1247:
500:continues to take care of these requirements.
210:with four partition entries and the two-byte
737:
503:
298:Examples of first-stage bootloaders include
931:"DR DOS 5.0 - The better operating system?"
321:
2298:
1703:
1689:
1254:
1240:
132:
34:GNU GRUB, a popular open source bootloader
1108:
1025:
977:
682:
680:
1710:
887:
743:
593:There is one exception to the rule that
37:
29:
974:just plants this sector onto the disk.)
966:(NB. The source attributes this to the
746:"Why BIOS loads MBR into 7C00h in x86?"
14:
2574:
1032:Paul, Matthias R. (20 February 2002).
763:
677:
494:still need to be stored contiguously.
244:, up to 59 bytes are occupied for the
1684:
1235:
1115:Paul, Matthias R. (14 August 2017) .
984:Paul, Matthias R. (17 January 2001).
928:
715:Paul, Matthias R. (2 October 1997) .
385:Embedded and multi-stage boot loaders
152:focuses too much on specific examples
1261:
1121:MoHPC - the museum of HP calculators
1114:
1031:
983:
714:
136:
1127:from the original on 6 October 2017
1044:from the original on 6 October 2017
996:from the original on 6 October 2017
929:Rosch, Winn L. (12 February 1991).
652:
611:
326:Second-stage boot loaders, such as
256:volumes since DOS 4.0, whereas the
24:
744:Sakamoto, Masahiko (13 May 2010).
414:
25:
2593:
1220:
943:from the original on 25 July 2019
129:such as the start of the sector.
1772:
908:(xxvi+738+iv pages, 3.5"-floppy
141:
1577:Light-weight Linux distribution
1405:Hacking of consumer electronics
1194:
1172:
1184:Windows NT server resource kit
1010:boot sector searches for the
822:; Perez, Gary; Peters, Chris;
772:"BIOS boot specification 1.01"
435:Trivial File Transfer Protocol
13:
1:
2410:Preboot Execution Environment
2015:Run-Time Abstraction Services
645:
442:Preboot Execution Environment
246:extended BIOS parameter block
1869:MultiProcessor Specification
1665:List of open-source hardware
1058:boot sector loads the whole
198:must fit into the first 446
7:
2440:Remote Initial Program Load
2037:Common Firmware Environment
1186:. Microsoft. Archived from
447:
291:can not only load multiple
10:
2598:
2029:Hybrid firmware bootloader
1770:
1582:Real-time operating system
418:
2495:
2456:
2399:
2363:
2315:
2308:
2274:
2242:
2078:Comparison of bootloaders
2060:
2028:
1913:
1823:
1791:
1781:
1722:
1655:
1602:
1567:Linux on embedded systems
1557:
1504:
1466:
1443:
1362:
1269:
1070:file, which is loaded by
606:file into memory: If the
552:sectors had to resort to
465:Comparison of bootloaders
224:Advanced Active Partition
1572:Linux for mobile devices
958:has been improved under
564:, multi-level data/code
470:
322:Second-stage boot loader
62:that is responsible for
1966:Phoenix SecureCore UEFI
1420:PlayStation 3 Jailbreak
1227:Bootloader - OSDev Wiki
376:List of PC Booter games
133:First-stage boot loader
1410:Homebrew (video games)
536:, for the addition of
226:(18 bytes) or special
43:
35:
1604:Programming languages
1342:Single-board computer
1282:Board support package
1084:utility to work. The
401:GPS navigation device
363:dual or multi-booting
41:
33:
2285:EFI system partition
2251:GUID Partition Table
2201:Windows Boot Manager
2071:Bootloader unlocking
1883:Legacy Plug and Play
1807:Open-source firmware
1800:Proprietary firmware
1670:Open-source robotics
1660:Lightweight browsers
1383:Proprietary firmware
1292:Consumer electronics
600:will load the whole
485:PC DOS 5.0
459:Initial Program Load
158:improve this section
79:random-access memory
2292:BIOS boot partition
2265:Apple Partition Map
2096:Acronis OS Selector
1936:American Megatrends
1400:Defective by Design
1307:Embedded hypervisor
750:glamenv-septzen.net
692:www.freedesktop.org
554:self-modifying code
242:volume boot records
75:non-volatile memory
2553:Power-on self-test
2258:Master boot record
1468:Software libraries
520:compared to their
397:digital television
204:master boot record
105:(for example, the
50:, also spelled as
44:
42:Windows bootloader
36:
2569:
2568:
2395:
2394:
2243:Partition layouts
2238:
2237:
2222:Plop Boot Manager
2024:
2023:
1678:
1677:
1617:Assembly language
1559:Operating systems
1539:Stand-alone shell
1506:Programming tools
1425:Rooting (Android)
1317:Embedded software
1302:Embedded database
986:"FAT32 in DR-DOS"
903:978-0-201-60835-9
723:on 4 October 2003
532:techniques up to
530:code optimization
293:operating systems
179:
178:
115:IBM PC compatible
16:(Redirected from
2589:
2562:
2555:
2548:
2541:
2534:
2527:
2525:Execute in place
2520:
2513:
2506:
2488:
2481:
2474:
2467:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2426:
2419:
2412:
2388:
2381:
2374:
2354:
2347:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2313:
2312:
2301:
2294:
2287:
2267:
2260:
2253:
2231:
2224:
2217:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2133:
2126:
2119:
2112:
2105:
2098:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2073:
2053:
2046:
2039:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1973:TianoCore EDK II
1968:
1961:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1924:
1906:
1899:
1892:
1885:
1878:
1871:
1864:
1857:
1848:
1841:
1834:
1816:
1809:
1802:
1789:
1788:
1776:
1763:
1756:
1747:
1740:
1733:
1705:
1698:
1691:
1682:
1681:
1415:iOS jailbreaking
1332:Memory footprint
1263:Embedded systems
1256:
1249:
1242:
1233:
1232:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1158:
1152:
1145:
1134:
1132:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1094:
1079:
1073:
1069:
1063:
1051:
1049:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1015:
1003:
1001:
981:
975:
973:
969:
965:
957:
950:
948:
926:
920:
907:
885:
874:
869:
836:Petzold, Charles
824:Petzold, Charles
792:
786:
785:
783:
781:
776:
767:
761:
760:
758:
756:
741:
735:
732:
730:
728:
719:. Archived from
712:
703:
702:
700:
698:
684:
675:
674:
672:
670:
656:
639:
633:
629:
624:DR-DOS 7.07
609:
605:
591:
585:
568:and algorithmic
510:
501:
499:
493:
481:
427:computer network
393:embedded systems
266:
196:removable drives
174:
171:
165:
145:
144:
137:
85:(ROM, and later
83:read-only memory
60:computer program
56:bootstrap loader
21:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2558:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2509:
2502:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2422:
2415:
2408:
2391:
2384:
2377:
2370:
2359:
2350:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2304:
2297:
2290:
2283:
2270:
2263:
2256:
2249:
2234:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2122:
2115:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2088:Implementations
2083:
2076:
2069:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2020:
2013:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1927:
1920:
1914:Implementations
1909:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1874:
1867:
1860:
1853:
1844:
1837:
1830:
1819:
1814:Custom firmware
1812:
1805:
1798:
1777:
1768:
1759:
1752:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1718:
1709:
1679:
1674:
1651:
1598:
1553:
1500:
1462:
1439:
1390:Closed platform
1378:Custom firmware
1358:
1337:Microcontroller
1265:
1260:
1223:
1218:
1217:
1207:
1205:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1190:on 15 May 2007.
1178:
1177:
1173:
1154:
1147:
1141:
1130:
1128:
1113:
1109:
1090:
1075:
1071:
1065:
1059:
1047:
1045:
1038:opendos@delorie
1030:
1026:
1011:
999:
997:
990:opendos@delorie
982:
978:
971:
967:
960:DR DOS 5.0
953:
946:
944:
927:
923:
904:
886:
877:
850:
840:Microsoft Press
796:Zbikowski, Mark
793:
789:
779:
777:
774:
768:
764:
754:
752:
742:
738:
726:
724:
713:
706:
696:
694:
686:
685:
678:
668:
666:
658:
657:
653:
648:
643:
642:
631:
627:
607:
601:
592:
588:
511:
504:
495:
489:
482:
478:
473:
450:
423:
421:Network booting
417:
415:Network booting
387:
324:
262:
208:partition table
175:
169:
166:
155:
146:
142:
135:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2595:
2585:
2584:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2535:
2528:
2521:
2514:
2507:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2482:
2475:
2468:
2460:
2458:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2450:
2443:
2436:
2429:
2428:
2427:
2420:
2405:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2382:
2375:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2319:
2317:
2310:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2280:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2232:
2225:
2218:
2211:
2204:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2176:
2169:
2162:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2091:
2089:
2082:
2081:
2074:
2066:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2047:
2040:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2011:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1946:
1932:
1925:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1858:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1835:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1810:
1803:
1795:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1778:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1741:
1726:
1724:
1720:
1719:
1708:
1707:
1700:
1693:
1685:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1608:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1563:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1514:Almquist shell
1510:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1486:Embedded GLIBC
1483:
1478:
1472:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1449:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1435:Vendor lock-in
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1369:
1367:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1297:Cross compiler
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1259:
1258:
1251:
1244:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1222:
1221:External links
1219:
1216:
1215:
1193:
1171:
1107:
1024:
976:
921:
902:
894:Addison-Wesley
875:
848:
832:Letwin, Gordon
812:McDonald, Marc
804:Ballmer, Steve
787:
762:
736:
704:
688:"systemd-boot"
676:
650:
649:
647:
644:
641:
640:
586:
502:
475:
474:
472:
469:
468:
467:
462:
456:
449:
446:
419:Main article:
416:
413:
386:
383:
352:device drivers
323:
320:
222:(6 bytes), an
220:disk timestamp
216:disk signature
212:boot signature
177:
176:
149:
147:
140:
134:
131:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2594:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2522:
2519:
2515:
2512:
2508:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2487:
2483:
2480:
2476:
2473:
2469:
2466:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2425:
2421:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2387:
2383:
2380:
2376:
2373:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2353:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2339:
2335:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2311:
2307:
2300:
2296:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2266:
2262:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2230:
2226:
2223:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2198:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2156:
2153:
2149:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2124:BootX (Linux)
2121:
2118:
2117:BootX (Apple)
2114:
2111:
2107:
2104:
2100:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1970:
1967:
1963:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1866:
1863:
1859:
1856:
1855:Open Firmware
1852:
1847:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1815:
1811:
1808:
1804:
1801:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1706:
1701:
1699:
1694:
1692:
1687:
1686:
1683:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1637:Embedded Java
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1550:
1549:Yocto Project
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1270:General terms
1268:
1264:
1257:
1252:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1203:
1197:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1175:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1150:
1144:
1140:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1111:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1068:
1062:
1057:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1028:
1021:
1019:
1014:
1009:
995:
991:
987:
980:
964:
961:
956:
942:
938:
937:
932:
925:
919:
917:
915:
912:
910:
905:
899:
895:
891:
890:DOS Internals
884:
882:
880:
872:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
849:1-55615-049-0
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
820:Paterson, Tim
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
791:
773:
766:
751:
747:
740:
734:
722:
718:
711:
709:
693:
689:
683:
681:
665:
661:
655:
651:
637:
625:
621:
617:
613:
604:
599:
596:
590:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
509:
507:
498:
492:
486:
480:
476:
466:
463:
460:
457:
455:
452:
451:
445:
443:
438:
436:
432:
428:
422:
412:
408:
406:
402:
398:
394:
389:
382:
379:
377:
373:
369:
364:
359:
357:
356:Open Firmware
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
319:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
280:
275:
271:
265:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
240:
236:
231:
229:
225:
221:
218:(6 bytes), a
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
173:
163:
159:
153:
150:This section
148:
139:
138:
130:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
102:
98:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
71:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
40:
32:
19:
2582:Boot loaders
2457:ROM variants
2401:Network boot
2379:Raspberry Pi
2145:systemd-boot
1632:Embedded C++
1534:OpenEmbedded
1445:Boot loaders
1366:and controls
1347:Raspberry Pi
1286:
1206:. Retrieved
1196:
1188:the original
1183:
1174:
1136:
1129:. Retrieved
1120:
1110:
1053:
1046:. Retrieved
1037:
1034:"Can't copy"
1027:
1005:
998:. Retrieved
989:
979:
952:
945:. Retrieved
934:
924:
889:
827:
790:
778:. Retrieved
765:
753:. Retrieved
749:
739:
725:. Retrieved
721:the original
697:27 September
695:. Retrieved
691:
669:27 September
667:. Retrieved
663:
654:
589:
562:side effects
548:support the
518:boot sectors
479:
439:
424:
409:
405:flash memory
390:
388:
380:
360:
325:
297:
283:
273:
232:
180:
167:
156:Please help
151:
103:
99:
95:block device
72:
68:boot manager
67:
55:
51:
47:
45:
2511:ROM hacking
2447:Wake-on-LAN
2110:BootManager
2062:Bootloaders
1647:MicroPython
1587:Windows IoT
1395:Crippleware
1312:Embedded OS
1208:20 November
1165:PC DOS
1097:PC DOS
936:PC Magazine
816:O'Rear, Bob
808:Gates, Bill
800:Allen, Paul
780:21 December
664:www.gnu.org
636:PC DOS
566:overlapping
526:PC DOS
239:superfloppy
192:fixed disks
127:entry point
123:boot sector
52:boot loader
18:Boot loader
2546:Instant-on
2532:Devicetree
2372:Bus Pirate
2276:Partitions
2044:Das U-Boot
1929:Award BIOS
1846:Video BIOS
1824:Interfaces
1627:Embedded C
1287:Bootloader
1204:. coreboot
1072:IBMBIO.COM
1067:IBMDOS.COM
1061:IBMBIO.COM
1018:DRBIOS.SYS
1013:IBMBIO.COM
913:) Errata:
646:References
632:IBMBIO.COM
628:IBMBIO.COM
608:IBMBIO.COM
603:IBMBIO.COM
584:scenarios.
582:chain load
578:multi-boot
491:IBMBIO.COM
372:memtest86+
316:Das U-Boot
228:multi-boot
160:by adding
119:x86 series
54:or called
48:bootloader
2518:ROM image
2309:Utilities
2166:OpeniBoot
2008:Kickstart
2001:LinuxBoot
1994:Libreboot
1959:InsydeH2O
1950:AMI Aptio
1890:AlphaBIOS
1723:Processes
1524:Buildroot
1131:6 October
1048:9 October
1000:6 October
755:22 August
620:relocated
612:overwrite
368:safe mode
312:Libreboot
182:original
91:NOR flash
2576:Category
2560:EDL mode
2539:Fastboot
2504:Boot ROM
2364:Hardware
2352:Heimdall
2338:UEFITool
2324:flashrom
2316:Software
2194:SYSLINUX
2131:GNU GRUB
1987:Coreboot
1980:OpenBIOS
1784:firmware
1782:Booting
1712:Firmware
1481:dietlibc
1373:Firmware
1364:Firmware
1125:Archived
1101:BOOT.LST
1042:Archived
994:Archived
941:Archived
866:16581341
858:87-21452
727:29 March
574:backward
454:Firmware
448:See also
340:Syslinux
328:GNU GRUB
308:coreboot
170:May 2023
2496:Related
2433:NetBoot
2173:RedBoot
2152:loadlin
2103:Barebox
1943:AMIBIOS
1922:SeaBIOS
1761:Android
1731:Windows
1716:booting
1642:MISRA C
1529:BusyBox
1519:BitBake
1458:Barebox
947:26 July
570:folding
336:BOOTMGR
202:of the
64:booting
58:, is a
2486:EEPROM
2386:ft2232
2299:/boot/
2215:Yaboot
2180:rEFInd
1592:Win CE
1544:Toybox
1476:uClibc
1453:U-Boot
1202:"Tint"
1161:MS-DOS
1149:FORMAT
1139:DR-DOS
1103:file.
1086:MS-DOS
1082:LOADER
1056:DR-DOS
1008:DR-DOS
900:
864:
856:
846:
595:DR-DOS
558:opcode
546:LOADER
522:MS-DOS
431:server
332:rEFInd
314:, and
235:floppy
113:or an
111:IBM PC
109:of an
87:EEPROM
2479:EPROM
2331:fwupd
2187:rEFIt
2159:NTLDR
2138:iBoot
1792:Types
1754:Linux
1143:FDISK
775:(PDF)
616:stack
542:FAT32
471:Notes
461:(IPL)
399:or a
391:Many
348:iBoot
344:NTLDR
258:FAT32
254:FAT16
250:FAT12
200:bytes
2472:PROM
2424:iPXE
2417:gPXE
2345:Odin
2229:MILO
2208:xOSL
2051:ARCS
1862:ACPI
1839:BIOS
1832:UEFI
1714:and
1622:CAPL
1496:musl
1491:lwIP
1430:UEFI
1322:FPGA
1277:ASIC
1210:2010
1137:the
1133:2017
1077:COPY
1054:The
1050:2017
1006:The
1002:2017
949:2019
898:ISBN
862:OCLC
854:LCCN
844:ISBN
782:2017
757:2012
729:2009
699:2021
671:2021
618:and
614:the
598:VBRs
580:and
550:7.07
544:and
534:7.05
516:and
514:MBRs
483:The
304:UEFI
300:BIOS
289:UEFI
287:and
285:BIOS
252:and
237:and
194:and
188:8086
184:8088
107:BIOS
2465:ROM
1904:SFI
1897:SRM
1876:APM
1612:Ada
1354:SoC
1327:IoT
1156:SYS
1153:or
1092:SYS
972:SYS
968:SYS
955:SYS
538:LBA
497:SYS
346:or
279:CHS
274:two
270:LBA
264:SYS
248:on
233:In
2578::
1745:NT
1738:9x
1182:.
1151:/S
1135:.
1123:.
1119:.
1052:.
1040:.
1036:.
1004:.
992:.
988:.
951:.
933:.
896:.
878:^
860:.
852:.
842:.
834:;
802:;
798:;
748:.
707:^
690:.
679:^
662:.
556:,
540:,
505:^
342:,
338:,
334:,
330:,
318:.
310:,
306:,
302:,
89:,
70:.
46:A
1704:e
1697:t
1690:v
1255:e
1248:t
1241:v
1212:.
1163:/
1016:(
906:.
873:)
868:.
784:.
759:.
731:.
701:.
673:.
524:/
186:/
172:)
168:(
164:.
154:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.png)
