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299:, progress bars, navigation drop-downs, and carousels. Each Bootstrap component consists of an HTML structure, CSS declarations, and in some cases accompanying JavaScript code. They also extend the functionality of some existing interface elements, including for example an auto-complete function for input fields.
272:). The primary purpose of adding it to a web project is to apply Bootstrap's choices of color, size, font and layout to that project. As such, the primary factor is whether the developers in charge find those choices to their liking. Once added to a project, Bootstrap provides basic style definitions for all
388:, meaning the layout of web pages adjusts dynamically, taking into account the characteristics of the device used (whether desktop, tablet, mobile phone). Shortly before the release of Bootstrap 2.1.2, Otto and Thornton left Twitter, but committed to continue to work on Bootstrap as an independent project.
420:
Otto announced
Bootstrap 4 on October 29, 2014. The first alpha version of Bootstrap 4 was released on August 19, 2015. The first beta version was released on August 10, 2017. Otto suspended work on Bootstrap 3 on September 6, 2016, to free up time to work on Bootstrap 4. Bootstrap 4 was finalized on
340:
A precompiled version of
Bootstrap is available in the form of one CSS file and three JavaScript files that can be readily added to any project. The raw form of Bootstrap, however, enables developers to implement further customization and size optimizations. This raw form is modular, meaning that the
313:
The most prominent components of
Bootstrap are its layout components, as they affect an entire web page. The basic layout component is called "Container", as every other element in the page is placed in it. Developers can choose between a fixed-width container and a fluid-width container. While the
367:
A super small group of developers and I got together to design and build a new internal tool and saw an opportunity to do something more. Through that process, we saw ourselves build something much more substantial than another internal tool. Months later, we ended up with an early version of
376:-style week for the Twitter development team. It was renamed from Twitter Blueprint to Twitter Bootstrap and released as an open-source project on August 19, 2011. It has continued to be maintained by Otto, Thornton, a small group of core developers, and a large community of contributors.
280:. In addition, developers can take advantage of CSS classes defined in Bootstrap to further customize the appearance of their contents. For example, Bootstrap has provisioned for light- and dark-colored tables, page headings, more prominent
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as a framework to encourage consistency across internal tools. Before
Bootstrap, various libraries were used for interface development, which led to inconsistencies and a high maintenance burden. According to Otto:
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On
January 31, 2012, Bootstrap 2 was released, which added built-in support for Glyphicons, several new components, as well as changes to many of the existing components. This version supports
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latter always fills the width with the web page, the former uses one of the five predefined fixed widths, depending on the size of the screen showing the page:
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After a few months of development by a small group, many developers at
Twitter began to contribute to the project as a part of Hack Week, a
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for these browsers. Bootstrap 3 was also the first version released under the twbs organization on GitHub instead of the
Twitter one.
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Once a container is in place, other
Bootstrap layout components implement a CSS Flexbox layout through defining rows and columns.
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Bootstrap is an HTML, CSS and JS library that focuses on simplifying the development of informative web pages (as opposed to
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events. Bootstrap 3 dropped
Internet Explorer 7 and Firefox 3.6 support, but there is an optional
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Bootstrap also comes with several JavaScript components which do not require other libraries like
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Bootstrap, originally named
Twitter Blueprint, was developed by Mark Otto and Jacob Thornton at
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Bootstrap as a way to document and share common design patterns and assets within the company.
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As of May 2023, Bootstrap is the 17th most starred project (4th most starred library) on
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260:, with over 164,000 stars. According to W3Techs, Bootstrap is used by 19.2% of all websites.
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1212:"v5: drop Internet Explorer support by XhmikosR · Pull Request #30377 · twbs/bootstrap"
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Rewriting the grid to support responsive gutters and columns placed outside of rows
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developer can remove unneeded components, apply a theme and modify the uncompiled
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Improved form styling, buttons, drop-down menus, media objects and image classes
276:. The result is a uniform appearance for prose, tables and form elements across
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On August 19, 2013, Bootstrap 3 was released. It redesigned components to use
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Example of a webpage using Bootstrap framework rendered in
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approach. Bootstrap 3 features new plugin system with
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Bootstrap 5 was officially released on May 5, 2021.
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962:"Bootstrap Blog - Bootstrap 3 released"
810:"Bootstrap Containers · Bootstrap v5.0"
471:Adding navigation customization options
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923:from the original on February 23, 2017
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854:Otto, Mark (August 19, 2011).
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575:in favor of vanilla JavaScript
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516:Huge number of utility classes
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424:Significant changes include:
284:, and text with a highlight.
913:"Say hello to Bootstrap 2.0"
742:"bootstrap/LICENSE (v3.0.3)"
610:Adding CSS custom properties
568:New offcanvas menu component
237:-based design templates for
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760:"Search · stars:>100000"
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263:
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1018:"Bootstrap 3.3.0 released"
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628:Built in darkmode support
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428:Major rewrite of the code
223:front-end web development
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41:Mark Otto, Jacob Thornton
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856:"Bootstrap from Twitter"
218:directed at responsive,
571:Removing dependence on
333:Larger than 1400 pixels
318:Smaller than 576 pixels
977:"Bootstrap 3 released"
563:Major changes include:
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94:; 7 months ago
63:; 13 years ago
1383:Responsive web design
1173:blog.getbootstrap.com
1097:blog.getbootstrap.com
948:blog.getbootstrap.com
591:Dropping support for
451:Dropping support for
386:responsive web design
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18:Web design front-end
1358:JavaScript libraries
1119:"Supported browsers"
1005:. December 10, 2012.
665:JavaScript framework
616:Enhanced grid system
213:free and open-source
119:Bootstrap Repository
61:August 19, 2011
1045:"Bootstrap 4 alpha"
1003:"Bootstrap 3 plans"
724:"bootstrap/LICENSE"
704:. February 20, 2024
477:Switching from the
52:Bootstrap Core Team
23:
1280:"Bootstrap-Django"
1099:. January 18, 2018
1072:"Bootstrap 4 Beta"
670:JavaScript library
421:January 18, 2018.
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174:Apache License 2.0
92:/ 20 February 2024
37:Original author(s)
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1258:"Bootstrap-Flask"
1237:"Bootstrap Icons"
892:. August 19, 2011
593:Internet Explorer
533:Internet Explorer
233:and (optionally)
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1284:. Retrieved
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1260:. HelloFlask
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706:. Retrieved
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675:Tailwind CSS
613:Improved API
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158:Web platform
47:Developer(s)
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1286:November 7,
1264:November 7,
1242:November 7,
1103:February 5,
919:. Twitter.
862:. Twitter.
794:January 24,
789:w3techs.com
769:December 4,
625:RTL support
555:Bootstrap 5
416:Bootstrap 4
398:flat design
392:Bootstrap 3
380:Bootstrap 2
282:pull quotes
170:MIT License
86:5.3.3
1388:Mobile web
1373:Web design
1332:Categories
1077:August 16,
688:References
511:Glyphicons
506:components
431:Replacing
406:namespaced
251:navigation
239:typography
235:JavaScript
207:(formerly
146:JavaScript
126:Written in
113:Repository
68:2011-08-19
1319:Bootstrap
1282:. zelenij
1123:Bootstrap
890:Bootstrap
513:icon font
496:thumbnail
447:Normalize
374:hackathon
205:Bootstrap
144:(v4) and
22:Bootstrap
1221:April 7,
1049:Archived
1022:Archived
981:Archived
944:"Onward"
921:Archived
864:Archived
833:Archived
633:See also
483:root ems
410:polyfill
297:tooltips
264:Features
153:Platform
1368:Twitter
886:"About"
603:Jasmine
549:Firefox
529:Firefox
468:support
360:Twitter
349:History
345:files.
308:Firefox
247:buttons
211:) is a
181:Website
165:License
97: (
66: (
1323:GitHub
1216:GitHub
1191:GitHub
1153:May 5,
1148:GitHub
764:GitHub
746:Github
728:Github
583:Jekyll
573:jQuery
541:Safari
539:, and
502:, and
479:pixels
459:, and
443:Reboot
400:and a
289:jQuery
258:GitHub
191:
140:(v3),
599:QUnit
537:Opera
500:pager
492:panel
461:iOS 6
435:with
243:forms
1353:HTML
1288:2022
1266:2022
1244:2022
1223:2020
1198:2019
1155:2021
1130:2017
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771:2022
710:2024
587:Hugo
545:IE10
504:well
437:Sass
433:Less
343:Sass
227:HTML
188:.com
142:Sass
138:Less
130:HTML
1321:on
601:to
585:to
457:IE9
453:IE8
231:CSS
134:CSS
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1225:.
1200:.
1157:.
1132:.
1107:.
1081:.
1059:.
1032:.
991:.
964:.
950:.
931:.
900:.
874:.
843:.
812:.
798:.
773:.
748:.
730:.
712:.
172:(
101:)
70:)
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