524:
330:. Previously, Parliament voted on the recommendations and, although it could not make any alterations to them, it could reject them in their entirety. In addition, although this power was never exercised, for many years the legislation gave the Secretary of State the power to modify a commission's recommendations. The new procedures further strengthen the separation of the creation of constituency boundaries from those elected for the resulting electoral areas, with the aim of eliminating any scope for
775:
761:
670:. That Act specifies that there are 73 constituencies for the Scottish Parliament: Na h-Eileanan an Iar, the Orkney Islands, the Shetland Islands and 70 others. The Act also specifies that the constituencies are grouped into eight regions to allow the return of list members elected by proportional representation to the parliament. The Boundary Commission for Scotland conducted a review of these boundaries between 2007 and 2010, and their recommendations were
348:
99:
475:
Customarily, each commission conducted a complete review of all constituencies in its part of the United
Kingdom every eight to twelve years. In between these general reviews, the commissions were able to conduct interim reviews of part of their area of responsibility. The interim reviews usually did
174:
the electorate (number of registered voters) of each constituency must be within 5% of the United
Kingdom electoral quota. The electoral quota is the average number of electors per constituency, defined as the total mainland electorate divided by the number of mainland constituencies, where
702:. The Act required the Boundary Commission for Wales to group the constituencies into electoral regions, to allow the return of list members elected by proportional representation to the Assembly. The Boundary Commission for Wales's Fifth General Review resulted in revised
581:, the review was recommenced in 2016 and final recommendations were submitted by the four commissions in September 2018 and laid before Parliament. However the revised proposals were never brought forward by the Government for approval and, further to the passing of the
561:
was launched on 4 March 2011 by the
Boundary Commission for England, the Boundary Commission for Scotland, the Boundary Commission for Wales and the Boundary Commission for Northern Ireland. The Sixth Review would have resulted in 600 constituencies for the
1232:
597:, was launched by the four commissions on 5 January 2021. Under the new rules governing the number of constituencies in each nation, England would have 543 constituencies (+10), Wales 32 (-8), Scotland 57 (-2) and Northern Ireland 18 (unchanged).
1568:
315:. The Government may not modify any of the commissions' recommendations unless specifically requested to do so by the relevant commission. On approval by the Privy Council, the new constituencies come into effect for the next
479:
Under the rules in force before 2011, the number of constituencies in Great
Britain (England, Wales, and Scotland) had to "not be substantially greater or less than 613", of which at least 35 had to be in Wales. The
1243:
257:
a six-week secondary consultation period allowing scrutiny of all comments submitted during the initial consultation and including a number of public hearings which offer an opportunity to give views orally;
1598:
1414:
272:
in 2007, it is often difficult to do so due to the large electorates in these wards, and therefore a collection of complete wards may not give an electorate that is within the required electoral range.
713:
The
Boundary Commission reported in 2016 proposing to reduce the number of UK Parliament constituencies in Wales to 29, on the basis that all constituencies must have at least 71,031 voters. While the
2131:
1575:
1848:
1843:
1268:
243:
As these factors can to an extent be mutually conflicting, each commission has discretion on how it applies them. In so doing, each commission aims for a consistent approach within a review.
682:, these two sets of areas do not fit together neatly. Responsibility for Scottish Parliament boundary reviews passed to the Local Government Boundary Commission for Scotland in May 2017.
746:
846:
721:
have indicated a preference for coterminosity (meaning the mirroring of seat boundaries in Wales along the lines of the 2016 proposed reforms to the Welsh seats in the UK Parliament).
1681:
1716:
703:
549:
There are currently 533 constituencies in
England, 40 constituencies in Wales, 59 constituencies in Scotland and 18 constituencies in Northern Ireland, providing a total of 650.
264:
It has been normal practice for local government electoral wards to be used as building blocks for constituencies, although there is no legislative requirement to do so. In some
2121:
538:, which was given effect in Wales by an Order made in 2006, in England by an Order from 2007 and in Northern Ireland by an Order from 2008, with the new boundaries used for the
445:
513:
there was not previously a limit on the area of a constituency, but in practice, no constituency has ever exceeded the 13,000 square kilometre limit introduced by the 2011 Act;
2095:
570:. In January 2013, parliamentary opposition to proposed legislative amendments because of a lack of consensus in the coalition resulted in the review being suspended.
1293:
671:
164:
1941:
1798:
1561:
714:
707:
456:
410:
160:
788:
365:
116:
45:
1992:
738:
433:
1709:
1652:
1642:
600:
The final consultation for
England began on 8 November 2022 with the publication of the Revised Proposals and lasted for four weeks, ending on 5 December.
2116:
1931:
1926:
1657:
1647:
1637:
1616:
626:
558:
535:
418:
414:
1387:
2007:
1676:
1670:
1663:
793:
594:
582:
464:
327:
1972:
648:
180:
1770:
633:
176:
72:
1319:
2070:
1921:
1775:
1760:
1702:
1181:
209:
a constituency with an area of more than 12,000 square kilometres (4,630 sq mi) may have a smaller electorate than the usual limit; and
17:
1482:
2012:
643:
516:
the consultation mechanism was significantly different: consultation periods only lasted four weeks, and could be followed by local inquiries;
2126:
1621:
1058:
1039:
1906:
1269:"Boundary Commission for England publishes final recommendations for new Parliamentary constituencies | Boundary Commission for England"
510:
the size of the electorates was just one of several rules, rather than being subject to a numerical limit which overrides other factors;
1982:
1916:
1233:"Boundary Commission for England announces publication date for revised constituency proposals and launch of final public consultation"
2053:
1987:
1883:
1294:"Boundary Commission for Northern Ireland Publishes Final Recommendations Report of the 2023 Review of Parliamentary Constituencies"
1131:
1893:
1457:
188:
901:
283:
Boundary changes can have a significant effect on the results of elections, but boundary commissions do not take any account of
854:
223:
49:
1077:
603:
All four
Commissions submitted their Final Recommendations Reports to the Speaker of the House of Commons on 27 June 2023. An
1946:
1936:
1853:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1793:
1780:
923:
710:
removed the link with
Westminster constituencies, and there is currently no statutory review body for Senedd constituencies.
496:
441:
422:
406:
216:
Having satisfied the electorate and area requirements, each commission can also take into account a number of other factors:
156:
1977:
578:
567:
543:
539:
528:
269:
82:
1344:
542:. The most recent general review in Scotland was given effect in 2005, and the resulting constituencies were used in the
312:
300:
151:
The boundary commissions, which are required to report every eight years, must apply a set series of rules when devising
593:
Following the passing of the 2020 Act, which reinstated the number of constituencies to 650, a new review, known as the
2136:
2063:
826:
1997:
1901:
492:
Islands were not to be combined with any other areas. Northern
Ireland had to have between 16 and 18 constituencies.
463:
made substantial changes to the legislation governing constituency boundary reviews; this was further amended by the
387:
138:
202:
There are a small number of exceptions to the numerical limit on electorate which are specified in the legislation:
1962:
1911:
1731:
1608:
798:
699:
654:
Changes to parliamentary boundaries do not themselves impact on which local councils are responsible for any area.
304:
2075:
2002:
1878:
1106:
280:
at the time of the start of the review, and not the electorate at the end of a review, or the total population.
369:
120:
41:
1548:
1391:
1207:
2058:
803:
691:
212:
constituencies in Northern Ireland may be subject to slightly different limits under certain circumstances.
737:
are the same as the constituencies that are used for the United Kingdom Parliament. From 1998 to 2016 six
2038:
1421:
695:
619:
The scope of the boundary commissions' work is limited to areas for election to the UK House of Commons.
460:
2043:
1603:
1486:
812:
734:
730:
675:
563:
876:
220:"special geographical considerations" including the size, shape and accessibility of a constituency;
2090:
1755:
718:
507:): each commission had limited discretion to specify the number in its part of the United Kingdom;
287:
in their deliberations, or consider what the effect of their recommendations on the outcome of an
2048:
1553:
1320:"28 June 2023 - 2023 Review Report laid before Parliament | The Boundary Commission for Scotland"
574:
523:
358:
254:
an eight-week initial written consultation period following the publication of Initial Proposals;
198:
the area of a constituency must be no more than 13,000 square kilometres (5,020 sq mi).
109:
1055:
1036:
206:
the five island constituencies are permitted to have a smaller electorate than the usual limit;
993:
971:
949:
780:
717:
removed the link between UK Parliament and Senedd seat boundaries, organisations such as the
1015:
484:
was not to be partitioned and was to be included in a seat that referred to it by name. The
622:
534:
The review that gave rise to most of the constituency boundaries currently in force is the
437:
265:
1528:
614:
611:(No. 1230 of 2023), was made on 15 November 2023 and came into force on 29 November 2023.
8:
1694:
679:
674:. Since the legislation requires different numbers of constituencies in Scotland for the
663:
638:
247:
2017:
1374:
1156:
440:
envisaged that the functions of the boundary commissioners would be transferred to the
152:
1435:
519:
reviews were only carried out every eight to twelve years instead of every five years.
311:
which gives effect to the recommendations must be submitted within four months to the
2080:
1368:
667:
449:
950:"The Parliamentary Constituencies and Assembly Electoral Regions (Wales) Order 2006"
1074:
820:
816:
604:
316:
308:
299:
Once a commission has completed its review, it submits a report to the appropriate
284:
65:
927:
476:
not yield drastic changes in boundaries, while the general reviews generally did.
1967:
1765:
1750:
1081:
1062:
1043:
766:
71:
Each commission comprises four members, three of whom take part in meetings. The
1533:
481:
331:
277:
33:
2110:
1508:
192:
170:
Firstly, each proposed constituency has to comply with two numerical limits:
1873:
742:
260:
a four-week consultation period following publication of Revised Proposals.
1742:
1182:"2023 Review: Electoral Quota and Allocation of Constituencies Announced"
426:
320:
1543:
1093:
760:
615:
Relationship with local government, devolved parliaments and assemblies
372: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
233:
123: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
77:
1509:"Assembly Members (Reduction of Numbers) Act (Northern Ireland) 2016"
807:
347:
98:
2033:
747:
Assembly Members (Reduction of Numbers) Act (Northern Ireland) 2016
489:
288:
57:
1583:
276:
The law specifies that the electorate used during a review is the
1538:
1345:"Wales' new parliamentary constituencies published | BComm Wales"
53:
1390:. bcomm-scotland.independent.gov.uk. 26 May 2010. Archived from
994:"The Parliamentary Constituencies (Northern Ireland) Order 2008"
662:
The procedure for reviews of constituencies and regions for the
421:. The 1949 Act was amended in 1958 and 1979 and replaced by the
2132:
Non-departmental public bodies of the United Kingdom government
485:
470:
446:
Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009
926:. Boundarycommission.org.uk. 14 September 2011. Archived from
566:: a reduction from the 650 constituencies in existence at the
250:, the consultation periods are specified in the legislation:
61:
815:
which proposed adjustments to the border between the (then)
417:. The 1944 Act was amended in 1947 and then replaced by the
413:. They were first established as permanent bodies under the
1724:
1485:. Boundary Commission for Northern Ireland. Archived from
85:
is appointed to each boundary commission as deputy chair.
1388:"First Periodic Review of Scottish Parliament Boundaries"
644:
Local Government Boundary Commission for Northern Ireland
1016:"The Parliamentary Constituencies (Scotland) Order 2005"
924:"Extract from the Parliamentary Constituencies Act 1986"
429:
from 1944 to 1986 were generally incremental in nature.
239:
inconveniences resulting from changes to constituencies.
1942:
Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011
972:"The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 2007"
715:
Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011
708:
Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011
457:
Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011
411:
Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011
161:
Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011
2122:
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
789:
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
527:
The current constituencies showing the results of the
1993:
Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000
1415:"The review of parliamentary constituencies in Wales"
434:
Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000
195:. The total number of constituencies is fixed at 650.
181:
1988:
European Parliamentary Elections Act 1999 (repealed)
756:
499:, the terms of review were significantly different:
405:
The commissions are currently established under the
294:
52:. There are four boundary commissions: one each for
1932:
House of Commons (Redistribution of Seats) Act 1949
1927:
House of Commons (Redistribution of Seats) Act 1944
559:
Sixth Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies
419:
House of Commons (Redistribution of Seats) Act 1949
415:
House of Commons (Redistribution of Seats) Act 1944
236:
which would be broken by changes to constituencies;
27:
Body which defines British electoral constituencies
2008:Electoral Registration and Administration Act 2013
794:2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies
629:are reviewed by the separate but similarly named:
503:the total number of constituencies was not fixed (
1973:Corrupt and Illegal Practices Prevention Act 1883
649:Local Democracy and Boundary Commission for Wales
2108:
634:Local Government Boundary Commission for England
307:. Once all four reports have been submitted, an
175:"mainland" excludes five island constituencies:
81:but does not play any part in the review, and a
2071:2011 United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum
1978:European Assembly Elections Act 1978 (repealed)
1273:boundarycommissionforengland.independent.gov.uk
881:boundarycommissionforengland.independent.gov.uk
694:specified that the constituencies for the then
2013:Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022
1585:Reviews of Westminster constituency boundaries
844:
246:When a commission publishes its proposals for
44:responsible for determining the boundaries of
1710:
1569:
1132:"2023 Review of UK Parliament Constituencies"
704:Assembly constituencies and electoral regions
323:before then use the pre-existing boundaries.
88:
877:"About us | Boundary Commission for England"
724:
471:Past reviews of UK Parliament constituencies
1907:Parliamentary Boundaries (Ireland) Act 1832
1370:The Parliamentary Constituencies Order 2023
902:"June 2006: Boundary changes favour Tories"
845:Clift-Matthews, Michelle (7 January 2015).
609:The Parliamentary Constituencies Order 2023
585:, the Sixth Review was formally abandoned.
268:in England, and in Scotland, following the
2117:Boundary commissions in the United Kingdom
2003:Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 (repealed)
1983:Registration of Political Parties Act 1998
1917:Redistribution of Seats (Ireland) Act 1918
1741:
1717:
1703:
1576:
1562:
1436:"New map cuts number of MPs by a quarter"
733:provides that the constituencies for the
388:Learn how and when to remove this message
139:Learn how and when to remove this message
1544:Boundary Commission for Northern Ireland
1298:Boundary Commission for Northern Ireland
1186:Boundary Commission for Northern Ireland
1096:Boundary Commission for Northern Ireland
552:
522:
326:These provisions were brought in by the
75:chairs each of the boundary commissions
1412:
452:(of 2000) effective from 1 April 2010.
14:
2109:
1725:Electoral reform in the United Kingdom
657:
229:boundaries of existing constituencies;
1947:Parliamentary Constituencies Act 2020
1937:Parliamentary Constituencies Act 1986
1698:
1557:
1324:www.bcomm-scotland.independent.gov.uk
698:were to be the same as those for the
583:Parliamentary Constituencies Act 2020
497:Parliamentary Constituencies Act 1986
465:Parliamentary Constituencies Act 2020
423:Parliamentary Constituencies Act 1986
407:Parliamentary Constituencies Act 1986
328:Parliamentary Constituencies Act 2020
165:Parliamentary Constituencies Act 2020
157:Parliamentary Constituencies Act 1986
2127:Ministry of Justice (United Kingdom)
370:adding citations to reliable sources
341:
121:adding citations to reliable sources
92:
2096:Parliamentary franchise (1885–1918)
1337:
442:United Kingdom Electoral Commission
24:
1200:
1174:
1099:
827:Redistricting in the United States
270:introduction of multi-member wards
191:(Isle of Anglesey) and two on the
25:
2148:
1998:Electoral Administration Act 2006
1902:Parliamentary Boundaries Act 1832
1522:
1413:Roberts, Owain (September 2011).
847:"UK parliamentary constituencies"
444:, but this never transpired: the
295:Implementation of recommendations
155:. These rules are set out in the
1963:Parliamentary Elections Act 1868
1912:Redistribution of Seats Act 1885
1534:Boundary Commission for Scotland
1242:. 4 October 2022. Archived from
1136:Boundary Commission for Scotland
1065:Boundary Commission for Scotland
799:Delimitation Commission of India
773:
759:
461:Con-Lib Dem coalition government
346:
97:
2076:Elections in the United Kingdom
1529:Boundary Commission for England
1501:
1475:
1450:
1428:
1406:
1380:
1362:
1312:
1286:
1261:
1240:Boundary Commission for England
1225:
1212:Boundary Commission for England
1149:
1124:
1111:Boundary Commission for England
1087:
1075:Sixth Review (English language)
1068:
1049:
1046:Boundary Commission for England
409:, most recently amended by the
357:needs additional citations for
108:needs additional citations for
73:speaker of the House of Commons
18:Boundary Commission for England
1922:Government of Ireland Act 1920
1030:
1008:
986:
964:
942:
916:
894:
869:
851:Office for National Statistics
838:
749:reduced this to five members.
607:adopting the recommendations,
588:
400:
42:non-departmental public bodies
13:
1:
1539:Boundary Commission for Wales
1377:. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
1161:Boundary Commission for Wales
1084:Boundary Commission for Wales
832:
904:. Epolitix.com. 25 June 2006
804:Electoral Affairs Commission
700:UK Parliament at Westminster
692:Government of Wales Act 2006
46:parliamentary constituencies
7:
2039:Unreformed House of Commons
1462:www.electoral-reform.org.uk
1422:National Assembly for Wales
752:
696:National Assembly for Wales
10:
2153:
2044:Rotten and pocket boroughs
438:PM Tony Blair's government
337:
89:Considerations and process
2137:Electoral redistributions
2026:
1955:
1892:
1866:
1789:
1730:
1630:
1591:
813:Irish Boundary Commission
735:Northern Ireland Assembly
731:Northern Ireland Act 1998
725:Northern Ireland Assembly
685:
676:United Kingdom Parliament
564:United Kingdom Parliament
544:May 2005 general election
540:May 2010 general election
182:
2091:Parliament in the Making
1061:8 September 2012 at the
719:Electoral Reform Society
163:and subsequently by the
2049:University constituency
1879:England and Wales, 1835
1766:England and Wales, 1867
1751:England and Wales, 1832
1549:Election maps of the UK
1042:28 January 2011 at the
741:were elected from each
1458:"Reshaping the Senedd"
1107:"2023 Review launched"
531:
529:2019 general election.
781:United Kingdom portal
672:implemented from 2011
623:Local authority areas
579:2015 general election
568:2010 general election
553:Sixth Periodic Review
536:Fifth Periodic Review
526:
278:registered electorate
266:metropolitan boroughs
48:for elections to the
2086:Boundary commissions
1080:21 July 2011 at the
1018:. Legislation.gov.uk
996:. Legislation.gov.uk
974:. Legislation.gov.uk
952:. Legislation.gov.uk
366:improve this article
183:Na h-Eileanan an Iar
159:, as amended by the
117:improve this article
38:boundary commissions
1894:Constituency reform
1438:. 13 September 2016
1394:on 8 September 2012
680:Scottish Parliament
666:is set down by the
664:Scottish Parliament
658:Scottish Parliament
639:Boundaries Scotland
303:who lays it before
248:public consultation
177:Orkney and Shetland
2018:Elections Act 2022
1956:Other related Acts
1513:legislation.gov.uk
1375:legislation.gov.uk
1349:bcomm-wales.gov.uk
1249:on 1 November 2022
729:Section 33 of the
532:
301:Secretary of State
2104:
2103:
2081:Corrupt practices
1862:
1861:
1732:Representation of
1692:
1691:
857:on 5 January 2016
668:Scotland Act 1998
459:passed under the
450:Act of Parliament
398:
397:
390:
187:(Western Isles),
149:
148:
141:
16:(Redirected from
2144:
2054:Women's suffrage
1867:Municipal Reform
1739:
1738:
1719:
1712:
1705:
1696:
1695:
1631:Periodic reviews
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1316:
1310:
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1237:
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1218:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1188:. 5 January 2021
1178:
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1167:
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1072:
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1034:
1028:
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1005:
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1001:
990:
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981:
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968:
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959:
957:
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940:
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937:
935:
920:
914:
913:
911:
909:
898:
892:
891:
889:
887:
873:
867:
866:
864:
862:
853:. Archived from
842:
821:Northern Ireland
817:Irish Free State
783:
778:
777:
776:
769:
764:
763:
605:order in council
393:
386:
382:
379:
373:
350:
342:
317:general election
309:Order in Council
224:local government
185:
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144:
137:
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101:
93:
83:High Court judge
66:Northern Ireland
50:House of Commons
21:
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2141:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2022:
1968:Ballot Act 1872
1951:
1888:
1858:
1785:
1734:the People Acts
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1726:
1723:
1693:
1688:
1626:
1587:
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1525:
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1507:
1506:
1502:
1492:
1490:
1489:on 1 April 2014
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1129:
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1100:
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1082:Wayback Machine
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1063:Wayback Machine
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1044:Wayback Machine
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338:History
54:England
32:In the
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1483:"FAQs"
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