391:, frequently with a white underbelly and white on the feet. These white markings, called "flash", often extend onto the neck or face, and dogs that have these markings are known as "flashy". "Fawn" denotes a range of colors, the tones of which may be described variously as light tan or yellow, reddish tan, mahogany, or stag/deer red, and dark honey-blonde. In the UK and Europe, fawn Boxers are typically rich in color and are often called "red". "Brindle" refers to a dog with black stripes on a fawn background. Some brindle Boxers are so heavily striped that they give the appearance of "reverse brindling", fawn stripes on a black body; these dogs are conventionally called "reverse brindles", but that is actually a misnomer—they are still fawn dogs with black stripes. In addition, the breed standards state that the fawn background must clearly contrast with or show through the brindling.
1061:
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40:
445:, these dogs are either fawn or brindle, with excessive white markings overlying the base coat color. Like fair-skinned humans, white Boxers have a higher risk of sunburn and associated skin cancers than darker Boxers. The extreme piebald gene, which is responsible for white markings in Boxers, is linked to congenital sensorineural deafness in dogs. An estimated 18% of white Boxers are deaf in one or both ears, though Boxer rescue organizations see about double that number.
597:
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227:
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375:. In March 2005, the AKC breed standard was changed to include a description of the uncropped ear, but to severely penalize an undocked tail. The tail of a boxer is typically docked before the cartilage is fully formed, from 3–5 days old. The procedure does not require any sutures when performed at this young age, and anesthesia is not used. The docking of the tail is not permitted under the breed standard of The Kennel Club UK.
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such as chewing, digging, or licking. Boxers have earned a slight reputation of being "headstrong", which can be related to inappropriate obedience training. Owing to their intelligence and working-breed characteristics, training based on corrections often has limited usefulness. Boxers, like other animals, typically respond better to
453:
with "faults" is unethical, which is in stark contrast to the AKC preference for docked tails. Additionally there is the perception that white Boxers are at higher risk of ending up abandoned in rescues. Today, breeders are increasingly reluctant to euthanize healthy pups, and may choose to neuter and place them in pet homes, instead.
488:
The character of the Boxer is of the greatest importance and demands the most solicitous attention. He is renowned from olden times for his great love and faithfulness to his master and household. He is harmless in the family, but can be distrustful of strangers, bright and friendly of temperament at
767:
Meta von der
Passage played the most important role of the five original ancestors. Our great line of sires all trace directly back to this female. She was a substantially built, low to the ground, brindle and white particolor, lacking in underjaw and exceedingly lippy. As a producing female, few in
452:
white puppies at birth. A 1998 study of Boxers in the
Netherlands showed that 17% of Boxer pups were euthanized because they were white. Previously, the American Boxer Club "unofficially recommended euthanasia for these animals." Reasons for euthanizing white pups include the view that selling a dog
333:
The head is the most distinctive feature of the Boxer. The breed standard dictates that it must be in perfect proportion to the body and above all it must never be too light. The greatest value is to be placed on the muzzle being of correct form and in absolute proportion to the skull. The length of
1047:
Boxers need plenty of exercise, which means their diet should be high in quality calories. The main source of these calories should be lean animal protein, which includes lean chicken, turkey, lamb, and fish. While on a high calorie diet, owners should be thoughtful of the amount of treats given as
577:
The Boxer by nature is not an aggressive or vicious breed. It is an instinctive guardian and can become very attached to its family. Like all dogs, it requires proper socialization. Boxers are generally patient with smaller dogs and puppies, but difficulties with larger adult dogs, especially those
1051:
Boxers are also prone to dental problems, increasing their susceptibility for bad breath; dry dog food that is large and difficult for them to chew improves the likelihood for plaque removal. Plaque can also be removed by crude fiber in kibble, which has a flexible structure that increases chewing
750:
This dog was mated with his own dam, Flora, and one of his offspring was a female called Alt's
Schecken. George Alt mated Schecken with a Bulldog named Dr. Toneissen's Tom to produce the historically significant dog MĂĽhlbauer's Flocki. Flocki was the first Boxer to enter the German Stud Book after
535:
Boxers are a bright, energetic, and playful breed and tend to be very good with children. They are patient and spirited with children, but also protective, making them a popular choice for families. They are active, strong dogs that require adequate exercise to prevent boredom-associated behaviors
1080:
events. These strong and intelligent animals have also been used as service dogs, guide dogs for the blind, therapy dogs, police dogs in K9 units, and occasionally herding cattle or sheep. The versatility of Boxers was recognized early on by the military, which has used them as valuable messenger
2029:
Roccaro, Mariana; Salini, Romolo; Pietra, Marco; Sgorbini, Micaela; Gori, Eleonora; Dondi, Maurizio; Crisi, Paolo E.; Conte, Annamaria; Dalla Villa, Paolo; Podaliri, Michele; Ciaramella, Paolo; Di Palma, Cristina; Passantino, Annamaria; Porciello, Francesco; Gianella, Paola; Guglielmini, Carlo;
394:
The Boxer does not carry the gene for a solid black coat color, so purebred black Boxers do not exist. Boxers that appear black are actually heavily brindled, where the fawn color is completely sealed out by the black striping. These are often referred to as "sealed" Boxers, and are not an AKC
353:
groups, and the general public, both cropping of the ears and docking of the tail have been prohibited in some countries around the world, and is not recognised by the breed standard laid down by The Kennel Club of the UK. The
American Kennel club still permits cropped ears. A line of naturally
1025:
health survey, cancer accounts for 38.5% of Boxer deaths, followed by old age (21.5%), cardiac (6.9%) and gastrointestinal (6.9%) related issues. The breed is particularly predisposed to mast cell tumours, a cancer of the immune system. Median lifespan was 10.25 years. Responsible breeders use
758:
The white female dog Ch. Blanka von
Angertor, Flocki's sister, was even more influential when mated with Piccolo von Angertor (Lechner's Box grandson) to produce the predominantly white (particolored) female dog Meta von der Passage, which, even bearing little resemblance with the modern Boxer
870:
It has been claimed that the name "Boxer" was jokingly applied by an
English traveler who noted a tendency of the dog to use its paws in fighting. This seems improbable. Any such action would likely result in a badly bitten if not broken leg. On the other hand, a German breeder of 40 years'
643:
698:
1002:(JKD), where the kidneys do not develop normally during gestation and leads to chronic renal failure. JKD is most frequently diagnosed in dogs under the age of 3, and often much earlier than this in puppies before the age of 12 months. There is strong evidence to suggest JKD is an
334:
the muzzle to the whole of the head should be a ratio of 1:3. Folds are always present from the root of the nose running downwards on both sides of the muzzle, and the tip of the nose should lie somewhat higher than the root of the muzzle. In addition, a Boxer should be slightly
300:
in Munich the next year. Based on 2013 AKC statistics, Boxers held steady as the seventh-most popular breed of dog in the United States for the fourth consecutive year. According to the AKC's website, though, the boxer is now the 11th-most popular dog breed in the United States.
875:
use his feet, except to try to extinguish a small flame such as a burning match. But a Boxer does box with his head. He will hit (not bite) a cat with his muzzle hard enough to knock it out and he will box a ball with his nose. Or perhaps, since the German dictionary translates
489:
play, but brave and determined when aroused. His intelligence and willing tractability, his modesty and cleanliness make him a highly desirable family dog and cheerful companion. He is the soul of honesty and loyalty, and is never false or treacherous even in his old age.
573:
average working/obedience intelligence. Many who have worked with Boxers disagree quite strongly with Coren's survey results, and maintain that a skilled trainer who uses reward-based methods will find Boxers have far above-average intelligence and working ability.
1052:
time. Dry dog food is often coated with polyphosphates, which further reduces plaque buildup by preventing calcium production in saliva. Odor production from the boxer's mouth is likely to be reduced if its teeth and oral cavity are kept in healthy conditions.
768:
any breed can match her record. She consistently whelped puppies of marvelous type and rare quality. Those of her offspring sired by Flock St. Salvator and Wotan dominate all present-day pedigrees. Combined with Wotan and Mirzl children, they made the Boxer.
367:(FCI) added a "naturally stumpy tail" as a disqualifying fault in their breed standard, meaning those Boxers born with a bobtail can no longer be shown in FCI member countries. In the United States and Canada as of 2012, cropped ears are still more common in
709:
The breed was introduced to other parts of Europe in the late 19th century and to the United States around the turn of the 20th century. The AKC registered the first Boxer in 1904, and recognized the first Boxer champion, Dampf vom Dom, in 1915. During
362:
in anticipation of a tail-docking ban there; after several generations of controlled breeding, these dogs were accepted in the Kennel Club (UK) registry in 1998, and today representatives of the bobtail line can be found in many countries. In 2008, the
940:. A 2024 Italian study found a life expectancy of 9 years for the breed compared to 10 years overall. A 2005 Swedish study of insurance data found 50% of Boxers died by the age of 10, higher than the overall rate of 35% of dogs dying by the age of 10.
746:
German citizen George Alt, a Munich resident, mated a brindle-colored female dog imported from France named Flora with a local dog of unknown ancestry, known simply as "Boxer", resulting in a fawn-and-white male, named
Lechner's Box after its owner.
578:
of the same sex, may occur. Boxers are generally more comfortable with companionship, in either human or canine form. They are very patient and are great to adopt as family dogs because they are good with children and people of all kinds.
685:
In 1894, three
Germans, Friedrich Robert, Elard König, and R. Höpner, decided to stabilize the breed and put it on exhibition at a dog show. This was done in Munich in 1896, and the year before they founded the first Boxer Club, the
832:. More in line with historical facts, Brace states that many other theories may explain the origin of the breed name, from which he favors the one claiming the smaller Bullenbeisser (Brabanter) dogs were also known as
1017:
About 22% of puppies die before reaching seven weeks of age. Stillbirth is the most frequent cause of death, followed by infection. Mortality due to infection increases significantly with increases in inbreeding.
1048:
this tends to cause obesity. Owners should be mindful of the food to snack ratio being consumed by the Boxer when determining how many treats are acceptable. Some healthy snacks include raw fruits and vegetables.
785:, this theory is the least plausible explanation. He claims, "it's unlikely that a nation so permeated with nationalism would give to one of its most famous breeds a name so obviously anglicised".
1026:
available tests to screen their breeding stock before breeding, and in some cases throughout the life of the dog, in an attempt to minimize the occurrence of these diseases in future generations.
1809:
1068:
Boxers are friendly, lively companions that are popular as family dogs. Their suspicion of strangers, alertness, agility, and strength make them formidable guard dogs. They sometimes appear at
1693:
441:
Boxers with white markings covering more than one-third of their coat – conventionally called "white" Boxers – are neither albino nor rare; about 20–25% of all Boxers born are white.
2355:
van der Beek S, Nielen AL, Schukken YH, Brascamp EW (1999). "Evaluation of genetic, common-litter, and within-litter effects on preweaning mortality in a birth cohort of puppies".
1512:
Nielen, A. L. J.; Van Der Gaag, I.; Knol, B. W.; Schukken, Y. H. (1998). "Investigation of mortality and pathological changes in a 14.month birth cohort of boxer puppies".
979:, a malformation of the eyelid requiring surgical correction, is occasionally seen, and some lines have a tendency toward spondylosis deformans, a fusing of the spine, or
1645:
894:, which is evidence that "Boxer" was commonly used as a dog name by the early 19th century, before the establishment of the breed by the end of that same century.
674:, and deer. Its task was to seize the prey and hold it until the hunters arrived. In later years, faster dogs were favored and a smaller Bullenbeisser was bred in
687:
1683:
1011:
788:
German linguistic and historical evidence finds the earliest written source for the word Boxer in the 18th century, where it is found in a text in the
722:. Taken home by returning soldiers, the dog was introduced to a wider audience and soon became a favorite as a companion, a show dog, and a guard dog.
1283:
1805:
855:, the typical Munich beer garden, an open-air restaurant where people used to take their dogs along. The nickname "Deutscher Boxer" was derived from
1337:
2075:"Mortality in over 350,000 Insured Swedish Dogs from 1995–2000: II. Breed-Specific Age and Survival Patterns and Relative Risk for Causes of Death"
338:, i.e., the lower jaw should protrude beyond the upper jaw and bend slightly upwards in what is commonly called an underbite or "undershot bite".
1955:
1487:
2132:
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standard (early photographs depict her as too long, weak-backed, and down-faced), is considered the mother of the breed. John Wagner, in
3188:
2412:
364:
195:
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2189:
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in Munich by the time of the breed's development. These dogs were the result from mixes of
Bullenbeisser and other similar breeds.
1558:
1435:
1060:
2249:"Remission of histiocytic ulcerative colitis in Boxer dogs correlates with eradication of invasive intramucosal Escherichia coli"
515:
Lively, strong, loyal to owner and family, but distrustful of strangers. Obedient, friendly at play, but with guarding instinct.
372:
1980:
McMillan, Kirsten M.; Bielby, Jon; Williams, Carys L.; Upjohn, Melissa M.; Casey, Rachel A.; Christley, Robert M. (2024-02-01).
1409:
183:
2617:
2467:
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Oliver, James A.C.; Mellersh, Cathryn S. (2020). "Genetics". In Cooper, Barbara; Mullineaux, Elizabeth; Turner, Lynn (eds.).
2311:
2163:
1370:
1258:
1007:
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A 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 11.3 years for the breed compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for
2382:
880:
as "prize-fighter", the name was bestowed in appreciation of the fighting qualities of the breed rather than its technique.
801:"daß er aus Furcht vor dem großen Baxer Salmonet ... sich auf einige Tage in ein geräumiges Packfaß ... absentiret hatte"
401:
1945:
Institute for the German
Language, Mannheim and University of OsnabrĂĽck, Institute for Linguistic and Literary Sciences.
2935:
1927:
1866:
1827:
1701:
1663:
2289:
1461:
1323:
900:
471:
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2535:
964:
285:, which became extinct by crossbreeding rather than by a decadence of the breed. The Boxer is a member of both
1749:
596:
383:
The Boxer is a short-haired breed, with a smooth coat that lies tight to the body. The recognized colors are
884:
Boxer is also the name of a dog owned by John Peerybingle, the main character in the best-selling 1845 book
507:
Great nobility, smooth-coated, medium-sized, square build, strong bone and evident, well developed muscles.
777:
The name "Boxer" is supposedly derived from the breed's tendency to play by standing on its hind legs and "
790:
3013:
1345:
983:. Other conditions that are less common but occur more often in Boxers than other breeds are histiocytic
968:
912:
824:
in the Bavarian dialect, means "short (leather) trousers" or "underwear". The very similar-sounding term
17:
2963:
2686:
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670:. The Bullenbeisser had been working as a hunting dog for centuries, employed in the pursuit of bear,
608:
259:
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1959:
992:
886:
2716:
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breed, and this is still done in some countries, but due to pressure from veterinary associations,
1200:
1131:
2744:
2658:
2643:
2140:
1030:
682:. The Brabanter Bullenbeisser is generally accepted as being a direct ancestor of today's Boxer.
3083:
3078:
2928:
960:
956:
537:
2222:
714:, the Boxer was co-opted for military work, acting as a valuable messenger dog, pack carrier,
296:
The first Boxer club was founded in 1895, with Boxers being first exhibited in a dog show for
1090:
2427:
Report from the Kennel Club/British Small Animal Veterinary Association Scientific Committee
2419:
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952:
837:
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290:
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584:
413:
8:
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2193:
675:
278:
200:
2235:
2014:
1981:
1725:
1594:
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2800:
2109:
2074:
1917:
1815:
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2001:
1923:
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368:
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2009:
1993:
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for conspicuous gallantry or devotion to duty while serving in a military conflict.
859:
and Boxer could also be a corruption of the former or a contraction of the latter.
843:
In the same vein runs a theory based on the fact that a group of dogs was known as
552:, which offers the dog an opportunity to think independently and to problem-solve.
541:
2958:
2167:
1367:
1262:
3101:
3068:
3053:
3048:
2851:
2841:
2739:
2510:
Canine and Feline Nutrition-E-Book: A Resource for Companion Animal Professionals
2390:
2030:
Alborali, Giovanni L.; Rota Nodari, Sara; Sabatelli, Sonia; Peli, Angelo (2024).
1655:
1374:
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286:
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2795:
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1997:
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in Munich 1896, which was the first event to have a class specific for Boxers.
718:, and guard dog. The Boxer did not become popular around the world until after
691:
359:
2595:
3172:
3127:
3018:
2902:
2790:
2653:
2100:
2091:
2005:
1689:
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667:
655:
637:
553:
384:
350:
342:
282:
251:
188:
139:
2462:(Sixth ed.). British Small Animal Veterinary Association. p. 131.
1837:
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1854:
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216:
39:
1533:
1525:
1189:"Get to Know the Boxer", 'The American Kennel Club', Retrieved 14 May 2014
3157:
3137:
2998:
2993:
2978:
2826:
2767:
2731:
2577:
2389:. ufaw.org.uk: Universities Federation for Animal Welfare. Archived from
2139:. ufaw.org.uk: Universities Federation for Animal Welfare. Archived from
1900:
1882:
1485:
1107:
1069:
711:
549:
335:
266:
2058:
1922:. Berlin: de Gruyter; Auflage: 2., vollst. neubearb. Aufl. p. 468.
1620:
1010:
to determine the gene mutation, as well as other work separately by the
763:(first published in 1939) said the following regarding this female dog:
730:
371:, though the practice of cosmetic cropping is currently opposed by the
325:
3106:
3093:
3063:
3008:
2881:
2876:
2856:
2721:
2508:
Case, L. P., Daristotle, L., Hayek, M. G., & Raasch, M. F. (2010).
2488:
1218:
1213:
812:) were common German words as early as the late 18th century. The term
715:
1958:. Boxer-Klub E.V. – Sitz München – Deutscher Boxerklub. Archived from
804:. At that time, the spelling "baxer" equalled "boxer". Both the verb (
3088:
2983:
2831:
2762:
2439:"Recommendations for Health Screening of Boxers in Breeding Programs"
1800:
976:
972:
671:
642:
239:
1918:
Strauss, Gerhard; Kämper-Jensen, Heidrun; Nortmeyer, Isolde (1997).
1256:
951:
and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (the so-called "
309:
226:
2973:
2866:
2861:
2836:
1982:"Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death"
1651:
1321:
1042:
980:
928:
694:
in 1904, a detailed document that has not been changed much since.
654:
developed in Germany in the late 19th century from the now extinct
317:
263:
255:
2354:
1753:
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2782:
2754:
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1077:
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697:
679:
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651:
388:
247:
143:
1081:
dogs, pack carriers, and attack and guard dogs in times of war.
277:
ideal for hanging on to large prey. The Boxer was bred from the
3122:
2706:
2668:
2073:
Egenvall, A; Bonnett, Bn; Hedhammar, ĂĄ; Olson, P (2005-09-30).
944:
778:
702:
2413:"Summary results of the Purebred Dog Health Survey for Boxers"
2246:
1511:
2635:
2072:
2032:"Factors related to longevity and mortality of dogs in Italy"
1284:"How People Perceive Dogs With Docked Tails and Cropped Ears"
147:
2523:
Waltham pocket book of essential nutrition for cats and dogs
1979:
999:
2913:
2028:
828:, also from the Bavarian dialect, is an endearing term for
738:
274:
2525:. Walthan-on-the-Wolds: Waltham Centre for Pet Nutrition.
1029:
The Boxer is one of the more commonly affected breeds for
975:(although these may be more related to diet than breed).
270:
1462:"Coat Colors in Boxers and the American Boxer Club, Inc"
943:
Leading health issues to which Boxers are prone include
556:'s survey of obedience trainers, summarized in his book
407:
The color brindle can be with or without white markings.
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
262:(they have broad, short skulls), have a square muzzle,
1488:"A Boxer is a Boxer is a Boxer: Deaf Whites in Rescue"
798:), which cites an author named Musäus of 1782 writing
781:" with its front paws. According to Andrew H. Brace's
2549:
1710:
1161:
967:
and epilepsy; other conditions that may be seen are
431:
Reverse ("sealed") brindle Boxer, cropped and docked
2504:
2502:
1681:
1609:
250:. The coat is smooth and tight-fitting; colors are
1459:
2133:"Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy"
1724:. American Boxer Club/AKC Gazette. Archived from
871:experience states positively that the Boxer does
3170:
2499:
1853:
1198:
1152:
1064:A Boxer on a boat in Lake Lanier, South Carolina
971:(also known as bloat), intestinal problems, and
477:A white Boxer pup with a fawn patch on the face.
2625:
2436:
2187:
2161:
1486:Claudia Moder, Green Acres Boxer Rescue of WI.
1241:
2457:
1992:(1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
1849:
1847:
1553:
1551:
1315:
987:(sometimes called Boxer colitis), an invasive
690:. The club went on to publish the first Boxer
2929:
2611:
2387:Genetic Welfare Problems of Companion Animals
2137:Genetic Welfare Problems of Companion Animals
1643:
1187:http://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/boxer/#standard
258:, with or without white markings. Boxers are
2430:
2181:
2155:
2125:
1899:
1881:
1591:"A proposal for the betterment of our breed"
1433:
799:
2207:
2190:"Genetic and Suspect Diseases in the Boxer"
1844:
1752:. Boxer-dog.org. 2003-05-24. Archived from
1548:
1479:
1306:
998:An emerging health concern among boxers is
523:Equable, biddable, fearless, self-assured.
2936:
2922:
2618:
2604:
1956:"Chronik des Boxer-Klub E.V. Sitz MĂĽnchen"
1911:
1772:
1770:
1453:
1257:American Boxer Club Illustrated Standard.
38:
2264:
2108:
2090:
2057:
2047:
2013:
1948:
1941:
1939:
1322:American Veterinary Medical Association.
2309:
2213:
1742:
1427:
1250:
1235:
1059:
927:
737:
729:
696:
641:
324:
316:
308:
225:
2350:
2348:
2312:"Juvenile nephropathy in 37 boxer dogs"
2253:Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
2236:A survey of dystocia in the Boxer breed
1893:
1776:
1767:
1716:
1324:"Ear Cropping and Tail Docking of Dogs"
1300:
1192:
373:American Veterinary Medical Association
14:
3171:
2287:
1936:
1875:
1811:The International Encyclopedia of Dogs
1796:
1794:
1677:
1675:
1639:
1637:
1006:with research being undertaken by the
918:Brindle, fawn, and white Boxer puppies
796:The German Dictionary of Foreign Words
701:Boxers on the first boxer exhibition,
2917:
2599:
2521:Grandjean, D; Butterwick, R. (2009).
2483:
2481:
2479:
2310:Chandler, M. L.; et al. (2007).
1593:. American Boxer Club. Archived from
1410:"Boxer Club of Canada Code of Ethics"
1402:
365:Fédération Cynologique Internationale
196:Fédération Cynologique Internationale
2460:BSAVA Textbook of Veterinary Nursing
2345:
1719:"Your Boxer's IQ: Breaking The Code"
1388:"Position statements - black Boxers"
1214:http://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/boxer/
906:A brindle Boxer with two white socks
751:winning the aforementioned show for
646:Friedrich Robert and his boxer, 1894
2290:"Juvenile renal disease in a boxer"
2247:Mansfield, CS; et al. (2009).
2240:
1791:
1750:"Boxer Disposition and Temperament"
1672:
1634:
529:2021 The Kennel Club breed standard
238:is a medium to large, short-haired
24:
2476:
1779:"Short History of the Boxer Breed"
725:
602:Brindle boxer head with white neck
378:
44:Fawn boxer, uncropped and undocked
25:
3205:
3189:Dog breeds originating in Germany
2545:
1694:Barron's Educational Series, Inc.
1084:
995:, often called Boxer eye ulcers.
131:short, shiny, smooth, close-lying
2583:
2571:
2559:
2331:10.1111/j.1748-5827.2007.00401.x
2319:Journal of Small Animal Practice
2288:Sumner, Helen (April 18, 2016).
1717:Abraham, Stephanie (July 1994).
1216:
911:
899:
619:
607:
595:
583:
470:
458:
424:
412:
400:
2528:
2515:
2451:
2405:
2375:
2303:
2281:
2266:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0363.x
2229:
2066:
2049:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106155
2022:
1973:
1920:Deutsches Fremdwörterbuch Bd. 3
1617:"1938 AKC Boxer Breed Standard"
1583:
1505:
1460:R.D. Conrad & Ann Gilbert.
1390:. American Boxer Club (America)
1380:
1359:
1330:
436:
2036:Preventive Veterinary Medicine
1859:Pet Owner's Guide to the Boxer
1276:
1207:
1146:
1124:
851:(beer) probably refers to the
783:Pet Owner's Guide to the Boxer
482:
358:) Boxers was developed in the
13:
1:
2079:Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica
1564:. AKC gazette. Archived from
1219:"Boxer Dog Breed Information"
1118:
1004:inherited condition in boxers
1000:Boxer Juvenile Kidney Disease
772:
495:1938 AKC Boxer breed standard
304:
123:25–27 kg (55–60 lb)
113:30–32 kg (66–70 lb)
102:53–61 cm (21–24 in)
92:56–64 cm (22–25 in)
2943:
2489:"How to Feed Your Boxer Dog"
1682:Joan Hustace Walker (2001).
1338:"The Boxer and Tail Docking"
1036:
866:by Milo G Denlinger states:
448:In the past, breeders often
269:(an underbite), very strong
7:
3098:Saint Louis Vincent Mastiff
2512:. Elsevier Health Sciences.
1436:"White Boxers and Deafness"
1101:
969:gastric dilatation volvulus
947:, heart conditions such as
734:Boxer early genealogy chart
10:
3210:
2964:Alapaha Blue Blood Bulldog
2687:German Shorthaired Pointer
2682:German Roughhaired Pointer
2164:"Boxer Health Information"
1998:10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w
1040:
635:
631:
562:, ranked Boxers at number
3115:
3089:Perro de Presa Mallorquin
2951:
2895:
2814:
2781:
2753:
2730:
2697:German Wirehaired Pointer
2677:German Longhaired Pointer
2667:
2634:
1647:The Everything Boxer Book
1201:"Registration Statistics"
923:
887:The Cricket on the Hearth
836:and that Boxer is just a
791:Deutsches Fremdwörterbuch
341:Boxers were originally a
313:Head and body proportions
210:
199:
194:
187:
182:
177:
173:
164:
161:
156:
153:
138:
135:
130:
127:
117:
106:
96:
85:
80:
76:
68:
49:
37:
32:
2092:10.1186/1751-0147-46-121
1012:UK Boxer Breeder Council
862:A passage from the book
559:The Intelligence of Dogs
2745:Old German herding dogs
2659:Westphalian Dachsbracke
2644:Bavarian Mountain Hound
2219:"Spondylosis Deformans"
1696:pp. 7, 11, 16–17.
1217:Club, American Kennel.
1055:
1031:degenerative myelopathy
993:indolent corneal ulcers
965:degenerative myelopathy
742:Flocki, the first Boxer
650:The Boxer is a hunting
544:, an approach based on
3084:Perro de Presa Canario
3079:Olde English Bulldogge
3014:CĂŁo Fila de SĂŁo Miguel
1656:F+W Publications, Inc.
1644:Karla Spitzer (2006).
1199:American Kennel Club.
1153:American Kennel Club.
1065:
933:
882:
800:
770:
743:
735:
706:
647:
538:positive reinforcement
533:
499:
330:
322:
314:
231:
2437:American Boxer Club.
2188:American Boxer Club.
2162:American Boxer Club.
1526:10.1136/vr.142.22.602
1309:"Genetics Can Be Fun"
1242:The Worldwide Boxer.
1063:
931:
868:
765:
741:
733:
700:
645:
636:Further information:
500:
486:
395:recognized coloring.
328:
320:
312:
293:(AKC) Working Group.
229:
178:Kennel club standards
3133:Cordoba fighting dog
2626:Dogs originating in
2425:on February 6, 2011.
1822:. pp. 140–142.
953:Boxer cardiomyopathy
688:Deutscher Boxer Club
546:operant conditioning
291:American Kennel Club
281:and the now extinct
3153:Old English Bulldog
3029:Continental Bulldog
2822:American Eskimo Dog
2773:Miniature Schnauzer
2717:Small Münsterländer
2702:Large Münsterländer
2536:"PDSA Dickin Medal"
2393:on 11 February 2015
2143:on 11 February 2015
1685:Training Your Boxer
540:techniques such as
279:Old English Bulldog
3074:Neapolitan Mastiff
2887:Standard Schnauzer
2801:Miniature Pinscher
2383:"Mast Cell Tumour"
1986:Scientific Reports
1816:New York, New York
1658:pp. 174–175.
1434:Cattanach, Bruce.
1373:2017-09-08 at the
1113:List of dog breeds
1066:
1008:University of Ohio
985:ulcerative colitis
934:
864:The Complete Boxer
744:
736:
707:
648:
614:A fawn Boxer puppy
590:Brindle Boxer head
503:General appearance
331:
323:
315:
232:
3166:
3165:
3044:Dogue de Bordeaux
3024:CimarrĂłn Uruguayo
2911:
2910:
2469:978-1-910-44339-2
1820:Howell Book house
1802:Anne Rogers Clark
1559:"A "White" Paper"
1514:Veterinary Record
1307:Bruce Cattanach.
1134:. The Kennel Club
1093:were awarded the
626:A fawn Boxer head
273:, and a powerful
224:
223:
206:
205:
169:
168:
16:(Redirected from
3201:
3143:Fila da Terceira
3039:Dogue Brasileiro
3004:Campeiro Bulldog
2969:American Bulldog
2938:
2931:
2924:
2915:
2914:
2620:
2613:
2606:
2597:
2596:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2576:
2575:
2564:
2563:
2555:
2540:
2539:
2532:
2526:
2519:
2513:
2506:
2497:
2496:
2485:
2474:
2473:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2434:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2418:. Archived from
2417:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2352:
2343:
2342:
2316:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2294:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2268:
2244:
2238:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2221:. Archived from
2211:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2192:. Archived from
2185:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2166:. Archived from
2159:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2112:
2094:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2051:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2017:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1952:
1946:
1943:
1934:
1933:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1861:. Interpet Ltd.
1855:Brace, Andrew H.
1851:
1842:
1841:
1814:(1st ed.).
1798:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1774:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1730:
1723:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1688:(1st ed.).
1679:
1670:
1669:
1650:(1st ed.).
1641:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1619:. Archived from
1613:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1570:
1563:
1555:
1546:
1545:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1490:. Archived from
1483:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1464:. Archived from
1457:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1447:
1438:. Archived from
1431:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1412:. Archived from
1406:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1384:
1378:
1365:Sheila Schmutz:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1344:. Archived from
1342:www.pedigree.com
1334:
1328:
1327:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1288:Psychology Today
1280:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1270:
1261:. Archived from
1259:"The Boxer Bite"
1254:
1248:
1247:
1244:"The Boxer Head"
1239:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1159:
1158:
1155:"Breed Standard"
1150:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1132:"Breed Standard"
1128:
1074:obedience trials
915:
903:
808:) and the noun (
803:
666:brought in from
623:
611:
599:
587:
572:
571:
567:
542:clicker training
531:
497:
474:
462:
428:
419:A red fawn Boxer
416:
404:
230:Fawn boxer puppy
219:
213:
175:
174:
154:Litter size
78:
77:
52:
42:
30:
29:
21:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3162:
3111:
3102:Serrano Bulldog
3069:Kurdish Mastiff
3054:Fila Brasileiro
3049:English Mastiff
2947:
2942:
2912:
2907:
2891:
2852:Giant Schnauzer
2842:German Pinscher
2810:
2777:
2749:
2740:German Shepherd
2726:
2663:
2630:
2624:
2594:
2584:
2582:
2570:
2558:
2550:
2548:
2543:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2520:
2516:
2507:
2500:
2487:
2486:
2477:
2470:
2456:
2452:
2443:
2441:
2435:
2431:
2422:
2415:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2396:
2394:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2357:Am. J. Vet. Res
2353:
2346:
2325:(12): 690–694.
2314:
2308:
2304:
2292:
2286:
2282:
2245:
2241:
2234:
2230:
2212:
2208:
2199:
2197:
2186:
2182:
2173:
2171:
2160:
2156:
2146:
2144:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2071:
2067:
2027:
2023:
1978:
1974:
1965:
1963:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1916:
1912:
1898:
1894:
1880:
1876:
1869:
1852:
1845:
1830:
1806:Andrew H. Brace
1799:
1792:
1783:
1781:
1775:
1768:
1759:
1757:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1721:
1715:
1711:
1704:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1642:
1635:
1626:
1624:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1600:
1598:
1597:on 4 March 2016
1589:
1588:
1584:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1561:
1557:
1556:
1549:
1520:(22): 602–606.
1510:
1506:
1497:
1495:
1484:
1480:
1471:
1469:
1458:
1454:
1445:
1443:
1432:
1428:
1419:
1417:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1393:
1391:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1375:Wayback Machine
1364:
1360:
1351:
1349:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1320:
1316:
1305:
1301:
1292:
1290:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1268:
1266:
1255:
1251:
1240:
1236:
1227:
1225:
1212:
1208:
1197:
1193:
1185:
1162:
1151:
1147:
1137:
1135:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1104:
1087:
1058:
1045:
1039:
1021:According to a
991:infection, and
949:aortic stenosis
926:
919:
916:
907:
904:
892:Charles Dickens
816:, also written
775:
728:
726:Early genealogy
660:English Mastiff
640:
634:
627:
624:
615:
612:
603:
600:
591:
588:
569:
565:
563:
532:
527:
511:Characteristics
498:
493:
485:
478:
475:
466:
465:All-white Boxer
463:
439:
432:
429:
420:
417:
408:
405:
381:
379:Coat and colors
329:Two fawn Boxers
321:A brindle boxer
307:
287:The Kennel Club
246:, developed in
215:
211:
64:
61:Deutscher Boxer
50:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3207:
3197:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3119:
3117:
3116:Extinct breeds
3113:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3059:French Bulldog
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3034:Dogo Argentino
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2948:
2941:
2940:
2933:
2926:
2918:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2872:Kromfohrländer
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2796:Biewer Terrier
2793:
2787:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2759:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2742:
2736:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2692:German Spaniel
2689:
2684:
2679:
2673:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2640:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2623:
2622:
2615:
2608:
2600:
2593:
2592:
2580:
2568:
2547:
2546:External links
2544:
2542:
2541:
2527:
2514:
2498:
2493:Boxer Fan Club
2475:
2468:
2450:
2429:
2404:
2374:
2363:(9): 1106–10.
2344:
2302:
2280:
2239:
2228:
2225:on 2007-10-12.
2206:
2180:
2154:
2124:
2065:
2021:
1972:
1947:
1935:
1928:
1910:
1892:
1874:
1867:
1843:
1828:
1808:, ed. (1995).
1790:
1766:
1741:
1709:
1702:
1671:
1664:
1633:
1608:
1582:
1571:on 27 May 2014
1547:
1504:
1478:
1452:
1426:
1401:
1379:
1368:Boxer Markings
1358:
1329:
1314:
1299:
1275:
1249:
1234:
1206:
1191:
1160:
1145:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1091:Punch and Judy
1086:
1085:Notable Boxers
1083:
1057:
1054:
1038:
1035:
1023:UK Kennel Club
957:hypothyroidism
925:
922:
921:
920:
917:
910:
908:
905:
898:
840:of that word.
774:
771:
727:
724:
692:breed standard
678:, in northern
633:
630:
629:
628:
625:
618:
616:
613:
606:
604:
601:
594:
592:
589:
582:
525:
491:
484:
481:
480:
479:
476:
469:
467:
464:
457:
438:
435:
434:
433:
430:
423:
421:
418:
411:
409:
406:
399:
380:
377:
360:United Kingdom
354:short-tailed (
306:
303:
260:brachycephalic
222:
221:
208:
207:
204:
203:
198:
192:
191:
186:
180:
179:
171:
170:
167:
166:
163:
162:Life span
159:
158:
155:
151:
150:
137:
133:
132:
129:
125:
124:
121:
118:
115:
114:
111:
108:
104:
103:
100:
97:
94:
93:
90:
87:
83:
82:
74:
73:
70:
66:
65:
63:
62:
59:
55:
53:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3206:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3128:Bullenbeisser
3126:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3019:Chongqing dog
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2959:Alano Español
2957:
2956:
2954:
2952:Extant breeds
2950:
2946:
2939:
2934:
2932:
2927:
2925:
2920:
2919:
2916:
2904:
2903:Bullenbeisser
2901:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2791:Affenpinscher
2789:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
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1777:John Wagner.
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1756:on 2009-09-17
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1731:on 2012-02-25
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1703:0-7641-1634-7
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2732:Herding dogs
2712:Pudelpointer
2649:German Hound
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2442:. Retrieved
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2059:11585/961937
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1964:. Retrieved
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1919:
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1904:
1901:Wagner, John
1895:
1886:
1883:Wagner, John
1877:
1858:
1810:
1782:. Retrieved
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1136:. Retrieved
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1095:Dickin Medal
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298:St. Bernards
295:
244:mastiff-type
235:
233:
217:domestic dog
58:German Boxer
3158:Toy Bulldog
3138:Dogo Cubano
2999:Bully Kutta
2994:Bullmastiff
2768:Jagdterrier
2397:10 February
2147:10 February
1394:25 November
1223:www.akc.org
1108:Dogs portal
1070:dog agility
938:crossbreeds
712:World War I
658:, a dog of
550:behaviorism
519:Temperament
483:Temperament
443:Genetically
336:prognathous
267:prognathism
157:average 6–8
51:Other names
18:Boxer (dog)
3194:Catch dogs
3179:FCI breeds
3173:Categories
3094:Rottweiler
3064:Great Dane
3009:Cane Corso
2882:Rottweiler
2877:Leonberger
2857:Great Dane
2806:Pomeranian
2755:Earth dogs
2722:Weimaraner
2444:2006-09-05
2200:2006-09-05
2174:2006-09-05
2042:: 106155.
1966:2006-08-17
1784:2007-07-13
1760:2006-06-09
1735:2009-07-14
1627:2007-07-26
1498:2007-09-14
1472:2007-09-14
1446:2006-09-05
1420:2007-02-11
1352:2018-10-19
1293:2018-10-19
1269:2006-09-22
1228:2016-02-05
1119:References
1041:See also:
853:Biergarten
838:corruption
773:Breed name
716:attack dog
450:euthanized
305:Appearance
264:mandibular
165:11.3 years
2984:Broholmer
2832:Dobermann
2763:Dachshund
2297:Vet Times
2101:1751-0147
2006:2045-2322
1905:The Boxer
1887:The Boxer
1037:Nutrition
977:Entropion
973:allergies
857:Bierboxer
845:Bierboxer
761:The Boxer
672:wild boar
369:show dogs
240:dog breed
27:Dog breed
3184:Mastiffs
3148:Molossus
2974:Boerboel
2945:Mastiffs
2867:Keeshond
2862:Hovawart
2837:Eurasier
2783:Toy dogs
2369:10490080
2339:17727634
2275:19678891
2119:16261925
2015:10834484
1903:(1950).
1885:(1939).
1857:(2004).
1838:32697706
1652:Avon, MA
1542:35709645
1371:Archived
1138:28 March
1102:See also
1043:Dog food
981:dystocia
664:Bulldogs
526:—
492:—
256:brindled
201:standard
189:standard
2989:Bulldog
2896:Extinct
2669:Gundogs
2628:Germany
2590:Germany
2566:Animals
2552:Portals
2110:1624818
1534:9682419
1078:flyball
1072:or dog
989:E. coli
945:cancers
822:Buchsen
680:Belgium
676:Brabant
652:mastiff
632:History
570:
566:
389:brindle
356:bobtail
347:cropped
248:Germany
144:brindle
120:Females
99:Females
72:Germany
3123:Alaunt
2815:Others
2707:Poodle
2636:Hounds
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1601:27 May
1575:27 May
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963:, and
924:Health
826:Boxerl
779:boxing
705:, 1896
703:Munich
343:docked
146:, and
136:Colour
107:Weight
86:Height
81:Traits
69:Origin
2979:Boxer
2827:Boxer
2423:(PDF)
2416:(PDF)
2315:(PDF)
2293:(PDF)
2085:(3).
1729:(PDF)
1722:(PDF)
1569:(PDF)
1562:(PDF)
1538:S2CID
878:Boxer
830:Boxer
810:Boxer
806:boxen
236:Boxer
148:white
110:Males
89:Males
33:Boxer
3107:Tosa
2578:Dogs
2464:ISBN
2399:2015
2365:PMID
2335:PMID
2271:PMID
2149:2015
2115:PMID
2097:ISSN
2002:ISSN
1924:ISBN
1863:ISBN
1834:OCLC
1824:ISBN
1804:and
1698:ISBN
1660:ISBN
1603:2014
1577:2014
1530:PMID
1396:2012
1140:2022
1076:and
1056:Uses
955:"),
849:Bier
834:Boxl
818:Buxn
814:Boxl
548:and
387:and
385:fawn
345:and
289:and
275:bite
271:jaws
252:fawn
234:The
140:fawn
128:Coat
2327:doi
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2105:PMC
2087:doi
2054:hdl
2044:doi
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2010:PMC
1994:doi
1522:doi
1518:142
890:by
873:not
820:or
254:or
242:of
212:Dog
184:VDH
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