772:
828:
95:
970:, and passed through blood vessels into the cerebral circulation and the aneurysm. Coils are pushed into the aneurysm, or released into the blood stream ahead of the aneurysm. Upon depositing within the aneurysm, the coils expand and initiate a thrombotic reaction within the aneurysm. If successful, this prevents further bleeding from the aneurysm. In the case of broad-based aneurysms, a stent may be passed first into the parent artery to serve as a scaffold for the coils.
1003:, and age. Generally patients with Hunt and Hess grade I and II hemorrhage on admission to the emergency room and patients who are younger within the typical age range of vulnerability can anticipate a good outcome, without death or permanent disability. Older patients and those with poorer Hunt and Hess grades on admission have a poor prognosis. Generally, about two-thirds of patients have a poor outcome, death, or permanent disability.
299:
877:
53:
752:, where the function of the smooth muscle cells changed from contractile function into pro-inflammatory function. This causes the fibrosis of the arterial wall, with reduction of number of smooth muscle cells, abnormal collagen synthesis, resulting in a thinning of the arterial wall and the formation of aneurysm and rupture. No specific gene loci has been identified to be associated with cerebral aneurysms.
688:
response (response from the blood vessel wall). Other risk factors that contributes to the formation of aneurysm are: cigarette smoking, hypertension, female gender, family history of cerebral aneurysm, infection, and trauma. Damage to structural integrity of the arterial wall by shear stress causes an inflammatory response with the recruitment of
818:
and elastic lamina around their dilated locations (congenital), with a wall of sac made up of thickened hyalinized intima and adventitia. In addition, some parts of the brain vasculature are inherently weak—particularly areas along the circle of Willis, where small communicating vessels link the main
675:
wall that is filled with blood. Aneurysms occur at a point of weakness in the vessel wall. This can be because of acquired disease or hereditary factors. The repeated trauma of blood flow against the vessel wall presses against the point of weakness and causes the aneurysm to enlarge. As described by
1232:
Fusiform and dolichoectatic aneurysms By James R Brorson MD (Dr. Brorson of the
University of Chicago received consultation fees from CVS-Caremark, National Peer Review Corporation, and Medico-legal Consulting.) Originally released October 28, 1997; last updated January 29, 2017; expires January 29,
1026:(MRA) of the brain can be done yearly. Recently, an increasing number of aneurysm features have been evaluated in their ability to predict aneurysm rupture status, including aneurysm height, aspect ratio, height-to-width ratio, inflow angle, deviations from ideal spherical or elliptical forms, and
925:
appears to indicate a higher rate of recurrence when intracerebral aneurysms are treated using endovascular coiling. Analysis of data from this trial has indicated a 7% lower eight-year mortality rate with coiling, a high rate of aneurysm recurrence in aneurysms treated with coiling—from 28.6 to
998:
for a ruptured cerebral aneurysm depends on the extent and location of the aneurysm, the person's age, general health, and neurological condition. Some individuals with a ruptured cerebral aneurysm die from the initial bleeding. Other individuals with cerebral aneurysm recover with little or no
687:
of flowing blood can cause aneurysm and rupture. However, the mechanism of action is still unknown. It is speculated that low shear stress causes growth and rupture of large aneurysms through inflammatory response while high shear stress causes growth and rupture of small aneurysm through mural
306:
Cerebral aneurysms are classified both by size and shape. Small aneurysms have a diameter of less than 15 mm. Larger aneurysms include those classified as large (15 to 25 mm), giant (25 to 50 mm) (0.98 inches to 1.97 inches), and super-giant (over 50 mm).
504:, referring to blood vessel constriction, can occur secondary to subarachnoid hemorrhage following a ruptured aneurysm. This is most likely to occur within 21 days and is seen radiologically within 60% of such patients. The vasospasm is thought to be secondary to the
460:. Minor leakage from aneurysm may precede rupture, causing warning headaches. About 60% of patients die immediately after rupture. Larger aneurysms have a greater tendency to rupture, though most ruptured aneurysms are less than 10 mm in diameter.
680:, the increasing area increases tension against the aneurysmal walls, leading to enlargement. In addition, a combination of computational fluid dynamics and morphological indices have been proposed as reliable predictors of cerebral aneurysm rupture.
1046:
is 1 per 10,000 persons per year in the United States (approximately 27,000), with 30- to 60-year-olds being the age group most affected. Intracranial aneurysms occur more in women, by a ratio of 3 to 2, and are rarely seen in pediatric populations.
2217:
Piotin M, Spelle, L, Mounayer, C, Salles-Rezende, MT, Giansante-Abud, D, Vanzin-Santos, R, Moret, J (May 2007). "Intracranial aneurysms: treatment with bare platinum coils – aneurysm packing, complex coils, and angiographic recurrence".
280:
and lumbar puncture to detect subarachnoid hemorrhage. Prognosis depends on factors like the size and location of the aneurysm and the patient’s age and health, with larger aneurysms having a higher risk of rupture and poorer outcomes.
944:, a new endoscopic endonasal approach is being trialled. Surgical clipping was introduced by Walter Dandy of the Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1937. After clipping, a catheter angiogram or CTA can be performed to confirm complete clipping.
2419:
Bharatha A, Yeung R, Durant D, Fox AJ, Aviv RI, Howard P, Thompson AL, Bartlett ES, Symons SP. "Comparison of computed tomography angiography with digital subtraction angiography in the assessment of clipped intracranial aneurysms".
982:. When a patient has an aneurysm involving a blood vessel or a tumor at the base of the skull wrapping around a blood vessel, surgeons eliminate the problem vessel by replacing it with an artery from another part of the body.
487:(spasm, or narrowing, of the blood vessels), or multiple aneurysms may also occur. The risk of rupture from a cerebral aneurysm varies according to the size of an aneurysm, with the risk rising as the aneurysm size increases.
339:
aneurysms represent a widening of a segment of an artery around the entire blood vessel, rather than just arising from a side of an artery's wall. They have an estimated annual risk of rupture between 1.6 and 1.9 percent.
2335:
Mitchell P, Kerr R, Mendelow AD, Molyneux A (March 2008). "Could late rebleeding overturn the superiority of cranial aneurysm coil embolization over clip ligation seen in the
International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial?".
990:
Outcomes depend on the size of the aneurysm. Small aneurysms (less than 7 mm) have a low risk of rupture and increase in size slowly. The risk of rupture is less than one percent for aneurysms of this size.
2868:
2853:
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911:. If possible, either surgical clipping or endovascular coiling is typically performed within the first 24 hours after bleeding to occlude the ruptured aneurysm and reduce the risk of recurrent hemorrhage.
843:
angiography. But these methods have limited sensitivity for diagnosis of small aneurysms, and often cannot be used to specifically distinguish them from infundibular dilations without performing a formal
2169:
Raja PV, Huang, J, Germanwala, AV, Gailloud, P, Murphy, KP, Tamargo, RJ (June 2008). "Microsurgical clipping and endovascular coiling of intracranial aneurysms: a critical review of the literature".
323:, tobacco smoking, cocaine and amphetamines, intravenous drug abuse (can cause infectious mycotic aneurysms), alcoholism, heavy caffeine intake, head trauma, and infection in the arterial wall from
2720:
Thompson BG, Brown RD, Amin-Hanjani S, Broderick JP, Cockroft KM, Connolly ES, Duckwiler GR, Harris CC, Howard VJ, Johnston SC, Meyers PM, Molyneux A, Ogilvy CS, Ringer AJ, Torner J (August 2015).
1951:
2566:
Malhotra A, Wu X, Forman HP, Grossetta
Nardini HK, Matouk CC, Gandhi D, Moore C, Sanelli P (July 2017). "Growth and Rupture Risk of Small Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms: A Systematic Review".
284:
Advances in medical imaging have led to increased detection of unruptured aneurysms, prompting ongoing research into their management and the development of predictive tools for rupture risk.
2722:"Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association"
393:
A small, unchanging aneurysm will produce few, if any, symptoms. Before a larger aneurysm ruptures, the individual may experience such symptoms as a sudden and unusually severe headache,
819:
cerebral vessels. These areas are particularly susceptible to saccular aneurysms. Approximately 25% of patients have multiple aneurysms, predominantly when there is a familial pattern.
2636:
Ljunggren B, Sonesson, B, Säveland, H, Brandt, L (May 1985). "Cognitive impairment and adjustment in patients without neurological deficits after aneurysmal SAH and early operation".
315:
Saccular aneurysms, also known as berry aneurysms, appear as a round outpouching and are the most common form of cerebral aneurysm. Causes include connective tissue disorders,
431:" worse than previous headaches. Symptoms of a subarachnoid hemorrhage differ depending on the site and size of the aneurysm. Symptoms of a ruptured aneurysm can include:
2601:
Hop JW, Rinkel, G. J.E., Algra, A., van Gijn, J. (1 March 1997). "Case-Fatality Rates and
Functional Outcome After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage : A Systematic Review".
2769:
Ludwig CG, Lauric, A, Malek, JA, Mulligan, R, Malek, AM (2020). "Performance of
Radiomics derived morphological features for prediction of aneurysm rupture status".
2203:
Mitchell P, Kerr R, Mendelow AD, Molyneux A. "Could late rebleeding overturn the superiority of cranial aneurysm coil embolization over clip ligation seen in ISAT?"
755:
Generally, aneurysms larger than 7 mm in diameter should be treated because they are prone for rupture. Meanwhile, aneurysms less than 7 mm arise from the
1237:
926:
33.6% within a year, a 6.9 times greater rate of late retreatment for coiled aneurysms, and a rate of rebleeding 8 times higher than surgically clipped aneurysms.
918:
found the outcomes and risks of surgical clipping and endovascular coiling to be statistically similar, no consensus has been reached. In particular, the large
2009:, Easton V (2001-06-01). "Intracranial Aneurysms: CT Angiography and MR Angiography for Detection – Prospective Blinded Comparison in a Large Patient Cohort".
2957:
1605:
2296:"Retreatment of ruptured cerebral aneurysms in patients randomized by coiling or clipping in the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT)"
1654:
van der Voet M, Olson, J, Kuivaniemi, H, Dudek, D, Skunca, M, Ronkainen, A, Niemelä, M, Jääskeläinen, J, Hernesniemi, J, Helin, K (1 March 2004).
1184:
Xu DS, Levitt MR, Kalani MY, Rangel-Castilla L, Mulholland CB, Abecassis IJ, Morton RP, Nerva JD, Siddiqui AH, Levy EI, Spetzler RF (2017-04-07).
2085:
Mark DG, Kene MV, Offerman SR, Vinson DR, Ballard DW (2015). "Validation of cerebrospinal fluid findings in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage".
1121:
1534:
Gallia GL, Tamargo, Rafael J. (1 October 2006). "Leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in chronic vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage".
654:
have been identified as relevant to the development of intracranial aneurysms. These include 1p34–36, 2p14–15, 7q11, 11q25, and 19q13.1–13.3.
228:
The risk of rupture varies with the size and location of the aneurysm, with those in the posterior circulation being more prone to rupture.
2122:"Formal protocol for emergency treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms to reduce in-hospital rebleeding and improve clinical outcomes"
583:
235:, and microaneurysms. Saccular aneurysms are the most common type and can result from various risk factors, including genetic conditions,
3411:
779:
Saccular aneurysms are almost always the result of hereditary weaknesses in blood vessels and typically occur within the arteries of the
3984:
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Aneurysms can be treated by clipping the base of the aneurysm with a specially-designed clip. Whilst this is typically carried out by
922:
2475:
Oushy S, Rinaldo L, Brinjikji W, Cloft H, Lanzino G (June 2020). "Recent advances in stent-assisted coiling of cerebral aneurysms".
524:
the hemorrhaged red blood cells. Following apoptosis, it is thought there is a massive degranulation of vasoconstrictors, including
520:
that become trapped in the subarachnoid space. These cells initially invade the subarachnoid space from the circulation in order to
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Caranci F, Briganti, F., Cirillo, L., Leonardi, M., Muto, M. (2012). "Epidemiology and genetics of intracranial aneurysms".
3761:
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1956:
1656:"Intracranial Aneurysms in Finnish Families: Confirmation of Linkage and Refinement of the Interval to Chromosome 19q13.3"
231:
Cerebral aneurysms are classified by size into small, large, giant , and super-giant, and by shape into saccular (berry),
1790:
1234:
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Raymond J, Guilbert, F, Weill, A, Georganos, SA, Juravsky, L, Lambert, A, Lamoureux, J, Chagnon, M, Roy, D (June 2003).
3204:
3005:
2681:"Incidental findings on brain MRI in the general population.Incidental findings on brain MRI in the general population"
1186:"Dolichoectatic aneurysms of the vertebrobasilar system: clinical and radiographic factors that predict poor outcomes"
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Almost all aneurysms rupture at their apex. This leads to hemorrhage in the subarachnoid space and sometimes in brain
4185:
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269:. Treatment options include surgical clipping and endovascular coiling, both aimed at preventing further bleeding.
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Campi A, Ramzi N, Molyneux AJ, Summers PE, Kerr RS, Sneade M, Yarnold JA, Rischmiller J, Byrne JV (May 2007).
2255:"Long-term angiographic recurrences after selective endovascular treatment of aneurysms with detachable coils"
771:
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Specific genes have also had reported association with the development of intracranial aneurysms, including
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CT angiography showing aneurysm measuring 2.6 mm in diameter at the ACOM (anterior communicating artery).
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of intracranial aneurysm is about 1–5% (10 million to 12 million persons in the United States) and the
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Intracranial aneurysms may result from diseases acquired during life, or from genetic conditions.
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1855:"Cerebral aneurysm rupture status classification using statistical and machine learning methods"
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clipping or stenting. For those subjects that underwent follow-up for the unruptured aneurysm,
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Symptoms of an unruptured aneurysm are often minimal, but a ruptured aneurysm can cause severe
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for individuals with a ruptured cerebral aneurysm generally includes restoring deteriorating
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Other acquired associations with intracranial aneurysms include head trauma and infections.
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If an aneurysm ruptures, blood leaks into the space around the brain. This is called a
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https://tcapp.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Fusiform-and-Dolichoectatic-Aneurysms.pdf
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and are more easily ruptured when compared to aneurysms arising from other locations.
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can occur in any part of the brain but are most commonly found in the arteries of the
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2436:"Treatment of intracranial aneurysms by embolization with coils: a systematic review"
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neurological deficit. The most significant factors in determining outcome are the
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1007:
903:. Currently there are two treatment options for securing intracranial aneurysms:
849:
848:. The determination of whether an aneurysm is ruptured is critical to diagnosis.
595:
402:
262:
244:
2434:
Brilstra EH, Rinkel GJ, van der Graaf Y, van Rooij WJ, Algra A (February 1999).
1632:
1172:
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Koutsothanasis G.A.; Sampath R., Berry
Aneurysm (update: October 2, 2020). Link
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has caused a rising number of asymptomatic, unruptured cerebral aneurysms to be
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during medical imaging investigations. Unruptured aneurysms may be managed by
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Once suspected, intracranial aneurysms can be diagnosed radiologically using
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use has also been associated with the development of intracranial aneurysms.
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1495:"Lifelong Rupture Risk of Intracranial Aneurysms Depends on Risk Factors"
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may also be associated with the development of aneurysms. This includes:
521:
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2526:
Spetzler R, Chater N (1 November 1976). "Microvascular bypass surgery".
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Park J, Woo H, Kang DH, Kim YS, Kim MY, Shin IH, Kwak SG (2015-02-01).
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Brisman JL, Song, JK, Newell, DW (Aug 31, 2006). "Cerebral aneurysms".
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852:(LP) is the gold standard technique for determining aneurysm rupture (
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Cerebral bypass surgery was developed in the 1960s in
Switzerland by
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2380:"Germanwala Presents First Aneurysm Patient Treated Through Nose"
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Neurological differential diagnosis : a prioritized approach
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a sudden severe headache that can last from several hours to days
240:
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1859:
Proceedings of the
Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H
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2334:
1913:"Review of Cerebral Aneurysm Formation, Growth, and Rupture"
1853:
Amigo N, Valencia A, Wu W, Patnaik S, Finol E (2021-03-08).
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Coarctation of the aorta is also a known risk factor, as is
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2004:
783:, in order of frequency affecting the following arteries:
2293:
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Brown Walter L. Kemp, Dennis K. Burns, Travis G. (2008).
1312:
1147:(3. Dr. ed.). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. p.
220:
in the brain due to a weakness in the vessel wall. These
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characterized by a localized dilation or ballooning of a
1533:
775:
The most common sites of intracranial saccular aneurysms
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are associated with the development of brain aneurysms.
272:
Diagnosis typically involves imaging techniques such as
2816:
National
Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
2396:
2084:
1852:
1493:
Korja Miikka, Lehto Hanna, Juvela Seppo (2014-07-01).
27:
Ballooning or rupturing of a blood vessel in the brain
2397:
Sasidharan GM, Sastri SB, Pandey P (1 January 2015).
1745:"The use of Laplace's equation in aneurysm mechanics"
1401:
Stroke
Essentials for Primary Care: A Practical Guide
1138:
3419:
2820:
2246:
1714:
Clinical neuropathology : text and color atlas
1468:(2nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p.
381:. Charcot–Bouchard aneurysms are a common cause of
2210:
1718:(Online-Ausg. ed.). New York: Demos. p.
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441:drowsiness, confusion and/or loss of consciousness
2399:"Aneurysm clips: What every resident should know"
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1705:
1703:
1701:
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415:Subarachnoid hemorrhage § Signs and symptoms
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1911:Chalouhi N, Loh BL, Hasan D (25 November 2013).
1910:
1742:
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958:Endovascular coiling refers to the insertion of
198:, cerebral bypass surgery, pipeline embolization
1363:(2nd ed.). St. Louis: Mosby. p. 158.
1284:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
1122:"What You Should Know About Cerebral Aneurysms"
966:is inserted into a blood vessel, typically the
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1584:. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. p. 148.
1308:
1306:
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1255:Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease
472:, presenting as a focal neurological deficit.
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1173:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557480/
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1074:
1006:Increased availability and greater access to
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1968:
1604:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1459:
584:autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
2679:Vernooij MW, Ikram, MA, Tanghe, HL (2007).
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3985:Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency
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2087:The American Journal of Emergency Medicine
1455:
1453:
1451:
1429:
1341:
1277:
1139:Bhidayasiri R, Waters MF, Giza CC (2005).
1111:
973:
814:Saccular aneurysms tend to have a lack of
93:
51:
2737:
2696:
2451:
2311:
2270:
2137:
2051:
1928:
1813:
1709:
1679:
1510:
1396:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1201:
923:International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial
319:, arteriovenous malformations, untreated
1570:
875:
826:
770:
497:Subarachnoid hemorrhage § Vasospasm
297:
2554:
2422:Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography
2409:(1) – via www.neurologyindia.com.
1448:
947:
566:
14:
4178:
2771:Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery
1743:Humphrey JD, Kyriacou SK (June 1996).
1660:The American Journal of Human Genetics
1377:
1246:
1085:"Brain aneurysm - Symptoms and causes"
888:aneurysm clips ready for implantation.
468:A ruptured microaneurysm may cause an
3757:Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
3393:
2939:
2000:
1998:
1795:sciencedemonstrations.fas.harvard.edu
1579:
766:
614:hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
575:. Genetic conditions associated with
408:
388:
330:
3762:Generalized essential telangiectasia
3210:Partial anterior circulation infarct
929:
2177:(6): 1187–202, discussion 1202–03.
1816:"The Physics of Cerebral Aneurysms"
1405:. New York: Humana Press. pp.
1315:The New England Journal of Medicine
1253:Kumar, Abbas, Fausto, eds. (2005).
748:layer of the artery moved into the
463:
24:
3205:Total anterior circulation infarct
3006:Posterior cerebral artery syndrome
2272:10.1161/01.STR.0000073841.88563.E9
2183:10.1227/01.neu.0000333291.67362.0b
2023:10.1148/radiology.219.3.r01ma16739
1995:
1430:Publishing HH (18 December 2018).
700:. The inflammatory mediators are:
657:
423:. Onset is usually sudden without
25:
4202:
2996:Anterior cerebral artery syndrome
2809:
1257:(7th ed.). China: Elsevier.
648:cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor
343:
287:
46:Cerebral aneurysm, brain aneurysm
3912:Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
3379:Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
2477:Expert Review of Medical Devices
856:). Once an LP is performed, the
3157:Anterior spinal artery syndrome
3001:Middle cerebral artery syndrome
2783:10.1136/neurintsurg-2020-016808
2762:
2713:
2672:
2629:
2594:
2519:
2468:
2424:. 2010 May–June; 34(3): 440–45.
2413:
2390:
2372:
2197:
2162:
2113:
2078:
2045:
1962:
1945:
1846:
1807:
1783:
1736:
1647:
1612:
1527:
1486:
1423:
1397:Alway D, Cole JW, eds. (2009).
1033:
1020:computed tomography angiography
664:Aneurysm § Pathophysiology
535:
479:(the excessive accumulation of
427:, classically presenting as a "
3863:Hepatic veno-occlusive disease
1761:10.1080/01616412.1996.11740404
1271:
1226:
1177:
1165:
1097:
1024:magnetic resonance angiography
793:Posterior communicating artery
761:posterior communicating artery
354:Microaneurysms, also known as
294:Aneurysm § Classification
13:
1:
3675:Aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva
3529:Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis
3162:Vertebrobasilar insufficiency
2489:10.1080/17434440.2020.1778463
1977:. Oxford: Blackwell. p.
1973:The hands-on guide to imaging
1791:"Laplace's Law and Aneurysms"
1621:European Journal of Radiology
1067:
1057:Interventional neuroradiology
864:, and presence or absence of
788:Anterior communicating artery
302:Diagram of cerebral aneurysm.
81:Interventional neuroradiology
3980:Chronic venous insufficiency
3605:Aortoiliac occlusive disease
2739:10.1161/STR.0000000000000070
2313:10.1161/STROKEAHA.106.466987
1957:Dorland's Medical Dictionary
1930:10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.002390
1512:10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.005318
1460:DiMaio VJ, DiMaio D (2001).
985:
871:
822:
602:multiple endocrine neoplasia
532:, that cause the vasospasm.
490:
7:
3995:Inferior vena cava syndrome
3990:Superior vena cava syndrome
3717:Vertebral artery dissection
3707:Intracranial berry aneurysm
2350:10.3171/JNS/2008/108/3/0437
1969:Howlett D, Ayers B (2004).
1814:Hademenos GJ (2008-01-11).
1633:10.1016/j.ejrad.2012.12.026
1050:
962:coils into the aneurysm. A
710:tumor necrosis factor alpha
358:, typically occur in small
10:
4207:
4096:Hypertensive heart disease
3747:Arteriovenous malformation
3722:Familial aortic dissection
3131:Cerebellar stroke syndrome
3064:Lateral medullary syndrome
2650:10.3171/jns.1985.62.5.0673
2540:10.3171/jns.1976.45.5.0508
2099:10.1016/j.ajem.2015.05.012
1359:Goljan, Edward F. (2006).
951:
933:
671:means an outpouching of a
661:
573:arteriovenous malformation
494:
412:
374:, and are associated with
366:diameter), most often the
356:Charcot–Bouchard aneurysms
347:
311:Berry (saccular) aneurysms
291:
4151:
4121:Renovascular hypertension
4086:
4077:
4064:Hepatic artery thrombosis
4012:
3972:
3927:
3831:
3813:
3804:
3772:
3732:
3712:Carotid artery dissection
3665:Abdominal aortic aneurysm
3637:
3597:
3574:
3515:Intermittent claudication
3485:
3478:Peripheral artery disease
3476:
3446:
3428:
3366:
3356:Charcot–Bouchard aneurysm
3341:
3321:
3303:
3285:
3259:
3250:
3220:
3200:Transient ischemic attack
3177:
3167:Subclavian steal syndrome
3139:
3121:
3059:Medial medullary syndrome
3049:Brainstem stroke syndrome
3039:
2986:
2977:
2909:
2824:
2232:10.1148/radiol.2431060006
1871:10.1177/09544119211000477
1582:Pathology the big picture
1432:"Subarachnoid Hemorrhage"
1281:Charcot Bouchard Aneurysm
1278:Gupta K, M Das J (2021),
1203:10.3171/2016.10.JNS161041
1062:Intradural pseudoaneurysm
577:connective tissue disease
405:, or no symptoms at all.
350:Charcot–Bouchard aneurysm
317:polycystic kidney disease
187:
171:
153:
135:
127:
102:
74:
59:
50:
42:
37:
4186:Cerebrovascular diseases
4106:Hypertensive nephropathy
3919:Post-thrombotic syndrome
3900:Paget–Schroetter disease
3692:Coronary artery aneurysm
3670:Thoracic aortic aneurysm
3238:Transient global amnesia
3085:Lateral pontine syndrome
3021:Dejerine–Roussy syndrome
2967:Cerebrovascular diseases
2139:10.3171/2014.9.JNS131784
2054:Handbook of neurosurgery
1548:10.1179/016164106X152025
1030:morphological features.
920:randomised control trial
608:pseudoxanthoma elasticum
590:neurofibromatosis type I
470:intracerebral hemorrhage
214:cerebrovascular disorder
4161:Orthostatic hypotension
4143:White coat hypertension
3620:Fibromuscular dysplasia
3584:Carotid artery stenosis
3329:Intracranial hemorrhage
3147:Carotid artery stenosis
3076:Medial pontine syndrome
2638:Journal of Neurosurgery
2615:10.1161/01.STR.28.3.660
2528:Journal of Neurosurgery
2453:10.1161/01.STR.30.2.470
2207:108: 437–42, March 2008
2205:Journal of Neurosurgery
2126:Journal of Neurosurgery
2005:White PM, Teasdale EM,
1190:Journal of Neurosurgery
1126:www.hopkinsmedicine.org
1012:discovered incidentally
974:Cerebral bypass surgery
854:subarachnoid hemorrhage
803:Internal carotid artery
734:reactive oxygen species
683:Both high and low wall
638:type 1 A2, endothelial
421:subarachnoid hemorrhage
383:intracranial hemorrhage
267:subarachnoid hemorrhage
163:, smoking, alcoholism,
4133:Pulmonary hypertension
4116:Secondary hypertension
4111:Essential hypertension
4101:Hypertensive emergency
3942:Portacaval anastomosis
3878:Portal vein thrombosis
3520:Critical limb ischemia
3421:Cardiovascular disease
2056:. Greenberg Graphics.
1361:Rapid Review Pathology
1105:"What is an Aneurysm?"
889:
832:
798:Middle cerebral artery
776:
620:Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
303:
4138:Systolic hypertension
3883:Renal vein thrombosis
3742:Arteriovenous fistula
3734:Vascular malformation
3702:Intracranial aneurysm
3589:Renal artery stenosis
3351:Intracranial aneurysm
3140:Extracranial arteries
1749:Neurological Research
1536:Neurological Research
901:intracranial pressure
879:
830:
774:
640:nitric oxide synthase
403:loss of consciousness
397:, vision impairment,
327:(mycotic aneurysms).
301:
263:loss of consciousness
206:intracranial aneurysm
38:Intracranial aneurysm
4052:Paradoxical embolism
4047:Cholesterol embolism
3873:May–Thurner syndrome
3868:Budd–Chiari syndrome
3851:Deep vein thrombosis
3846:primarily lower limb
3625:Raynaud's phenomenon
3287:Cerebral/Intra-axial
3233:Binswanger's disease
2698:10.1056/NEJMoa070972
2052:Greenberg M (2010).
1710:Haberland C (2007).
1327:10.1056/nejmra052760
954:Endovascular coiling
948:Endovascular coiling
909:endovascular coiling
678:law of Young-Laplace
650:. Recently, several
567:Genetic associations
444:visual abnormalities
429:thunderclap headache
192:Endovascular coiling
4128:Benign hypertension
3374:Cerebral vasculitis
3252:Haemorrhagic stroke
3190:Cerebral infarction
1001:Hunt and Hess grade
893:Emergency treatment
742:smooth muscle cells
481:cerebrospinal fluid
438:nausea and vomiting
112:, visual problems,
4042:Pulmonary embolism
3952:Esophageal varices
3890:upper limb / torso
3534:Arteriolosclerosis
3313:Duret haemorrhages
2910:External resources
1464:Forensic pathology
1240:2021-05-06 at the
890:
837:magnetic resonance
833:
777:
767:Saccular aneurysms
702:interleukin 1 beta
409:Subarachnoid bleed
389:Signs and symptoms
331:Fusiform aneurysms
304:
208:, also known as a
69:vertebral arteries
4173:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4013:Arteries or veins
4008:
4007:
3833:Venous thrombosis
3800:
3799:
3782:Cherry hemangioma
3682:Aortic dissection
3633:
3632:
3468:Buerger's disease
3387:
3386:
3337:
3336:
3246:
3245:
3111:Claude's syndrome
3106:Benedikt syndrome
2933:
2932:
2063:978-1-60406-326-4
1988:978-1-4051-1551-3
1729:978-1-888799-97-2
1591:978-0-07-159379-3
1479:978-0-8493-0072-1
1416:978-1-934115-01-5
1370:978-0-323-04414-1
1264:978-0-7216-0187-8
1158:978-1-4051-2039-5
936:Surgical clipping
930:Surgical clipping
905:surgical clipping
860:is evaluated for
730:complement system
259:vision impairment
226:circle of Willis.
210:cerebral aneurysm
202:
201:
196:surgical clipping
173:Diagnostic method
32:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
4198:
4084:
4083:
3895:Mondor's disease
3838:Thrombophlebitis
3811:
3810:
3487:Arteriosclerosis
3483:
3482:
3444:
3443:
3414:
3407:
3400:
3391:
3390:
3295:Intraventricular
3257:
3256:
3101:Weber's syndrome
3026:Watershed stroke
3016:Moyamoya disease
2984:
2983:
2979:Ischaemic stroke
2960:
2953:
2946:
2937:
2936:
2822:
2821:
2803:
2802:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2741:
2732:(8): 2368–2400.
2717:
2711:
2710:
2700:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2580:10.7326/M17-0246
2568:Ann. Intern. Med
2563:
2552:
2551:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2455:
2431:
2425:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2386:. June 25, 2009.
2376:
2370:
2369:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2315:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2274:
2265:(6): 1398–1403.
2250:
2244:
2243:
2214:
2208:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2141:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2002:
1993:
1992:
1976:
1966:
1960:
1952:"berry aneurysm"
1949:
1943:
1942:
1932:
1908:
1899:
1898:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1832:10.1063/1.881442
1811:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1717:
1707:
1694:
1693:
1683:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1627:(10): 1598–605.
1616:
1610:
1609:
1603:
1595:
1577:
1568:
1567:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1514:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1467:
1457:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1404:
1394:
1375:
1374:
1356:
1339:
1338:
1310:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1296:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1250:
1244:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1205:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1146:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1128:. 8 August 2021.
1118:
1109:
1108:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1081:
781:circle of Willis
726:prostaglandin E2
622:types II and IV.
368:lenticulostriate
98:
97:
55:
35:
34:
21:
4206:
4205:
4201:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4196:
4195:
4176:
4175:
4174:
4165:
4147:
4073:
4030:Microangiopathy
4025:Macroangiopathy
4004:
3968:
3937:Gastric varices
3923:
3836:
3827:
3796:
3768:
3728:
3660:Aortic aneurysm
3646:
3629:
3615:Erythromelalgia
3593:
3570:
3495:Atherosclerosis
3472:
3436:
3424:
3418:
3388:
3383:
3362:
3333:
3317:
3299:
3281:
3242:
3216:
3173:
3135:
3117:
3035:
3011:Amaurosis fugax
2973:
2964:
2934:
2929:
2928:
2905:
2904:
2833:
2812:
2807:
2806:
2767:
2763:
2718:
2714:
2677:
2673:
2634:
2630:
2599:
2595:
2564:
2555:
2524:
2520:
2473:
2469:
2432:
2428:
2418:
2414:
2403:Neurology India
2395:
2391:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2333:
2329:
2292:
2288:
2251:
2247:
2215:
2211:
2202:
2198:
2167:
2163:
2118:
2114:
2083:
2079:
2064:
2050:
2046:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1967:
1963:
1950:
1946:
1923:(12): 3613–22.
1909:
1902:
1851:
1847:
1812:
1808:
1799:
1797:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1741:
1737:
1730:
1708:
1697:
1652:
1648:
1617:
1613:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1578:
1571:
1532:
1528:
1491:
1487:
1480:
1458:
1449:
1440:
1438:
1428:
1424:
1417:
1395:
1378:
1371:
1357:
1342:
1311:
1302:
1294:
1292:
1276:
1272:
1265:
1251:
1247:
1242:Wayback Machine
1231:
1227:
1182:
1178:
1170:
1166:
1159:
1137:
1133:
1120:
1119:
1112:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1083:
1082:
1075:
1070:
1053:
1036:
1008:medical imaging
988:
976:
956:
950:
938:
932:
880:A selection of
874:
850:Lumbar puncture
825:
769:
666:
660:
658:Pathophysiology
646:receptor A and
596:Marfan syndrome
569:
538:
499:
493:
466:
417:
411:
391:
370:vessels of the
362:(less than 300
352:
346:
333:
313:
296:
290:
265:, leading to a
131:30–60 years old
92:
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4204:
4194:
4193:
4188:
4171:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4163:
4157:
4155:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4124:
4123:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4092:
4090:
4081:
4079:Blood pressure
4075:
4074:
4072:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4055:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4034:
4033:
4032:
4027:
4016:
4014:
4010:
4009:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3976:
3974:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3961:
3960:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3939:
3933:
3931:
3929:Varicose veins
3925:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3916:
3915:
3914:
3904:
3903:
3902:
3897:
3887:
3886:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3842:
3840:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3825:
3819:
3817:
3808:
3802:
3801:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3792:Spider angioma
3789:
3784:
3778:
3776:
3774:Vascular nevus
3770:
3769:
3767:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3759:
3752:Telangiectasia
3749:
3744:
3738:
3736:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3725:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3694:
3689:
3687:Aortic rupture
3684:
3679:
3678:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3652:
3650:
3648:pseudoaneurysm
3635:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3591:
3586:
3580:
3578:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3559:Oxycholesterol
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3531:
3525:
3524:
3523:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3491:
3489:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3452:
3450:
3441:
3426:
3425:
3417:
3416:
3409:
3402:
3394:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3370:
3368:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3347:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3309:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3291:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3263:
3261:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3195:Classification
3192:
3187:
3185:Brain ischemia
3181:
3179:
3178:Classification
3175:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3127:
3125:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3089:Millard-Gubler
3082:
3068:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3051:
3045:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3031:Lacunar stroke
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2992:
2990:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2963:
2962:
2955:
2948:
2940:
2931:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2891:
2880:
2865:
2850:
2834:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2825:Classification
2819:
2818:
2811:
2810:External links
2808:
2805:
2804:
2761:
2712:
2691:(5): 1821–28.
2671:
2628:
2593:
2553:
2518:
2467:
2426:
2412:
2389:
2371:
2327:
2306:(5): 1538–44.
2286:
2245:
2209:
2196:
2161:
2112:
2093:(9): 1249–52.
2077:
2062:
2044:
1994:
1987:
1961:
1944:
1900:
1865:(6): 655–662.
1845:
1806:
1782:
1735:
1728:
1695:
1672:10.1086/382285
1646:
1611:
1590:
1569:
1526:
1505:(7): 1958–63.
1485:
1478:
1447:
1436:Harvard Health
1422:
1415:
1376:
1369:
1340:
1300:
1270:
1263:
1245:
1225:
1176:
1164:
1157:
1131:
1110:
1096:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1052:
1049:
1035:
1032:
987:
984:
975:
972:
968:femoral artery
952:Main article:
949:
946:
934:Main article:
931:
928:
914:While a large
873:
870:
824:
821:
812:
811:
809:basilar artery
805:
800:
795:
790:
768:
765:
738:angiotensin II
659:
656:
624:
623:
617:
611:
605:
599:
593:
587:
568:
565:
537:
534:
512:cells such as
492:
489:
465:
464:Microaneurysms
462:
454:
453:
450:
445:
442:
439:
436:
413:Main article:
410:
407:
390:
387:
348:Main article:
345:
344:Microaneurysms
342:
337:dolichoectatic
332:
329:
312:
309:
289:
288:Classification
286:
278:MR angiography
200:
199:
189:
185:
184:
175:
169:
168:
161:family history
157:
151:
150:
137:
133:
132:
129:
125:
124:
106:
100:
99:
78:
72:
71:
65:basilar artery
57:
56:
48:
47:
44:
40:
39:
31:
26:
18:Brain aneurysm
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4203:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4150:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4089:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4076:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4038:
4035:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4022:
4021:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4011:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3965:
3962:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3947:Caput medusae
3945:
3944:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3930:
3926:
3920:
3917:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3908:
3905:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3888:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3856:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3839:
3834:
3830:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3803:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3775:
3771:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3731:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3661:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3610:Degos disease
3608:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3573:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3469:
3466:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3422:
3415:
3410:
3408:
3403:
3401:
3396:
3395:
3392:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2961:
2956:
2954:
2949:
2947:
2942:
2941:
2938:
2925:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2908:
2901:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2835:
2832:
2827:
2823:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2765:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2716:
2708:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2675:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2644:(5): 673–79.
2643:
2639:
2632:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2609:(3): 660–64.
2608:
2604:
2597:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2534:(5): 508–13.
2533:
2529:
2522:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2483:(6): 519–32.
2482:
2478:
2471:
2463:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2446:(2): 470–76.
2445:
2441:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2393:
2385:
2381:
2375:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2344:(3): 437–42.
2343:
2339:
2331:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2290:
2282:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2249:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2226:(2): 500–08.
2225:
2221:
2213:
2206:
2200:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2165:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2132:(2): 383–91.
2131:
2127:
2123:
2116:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2081:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2059:
2055:
2048:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2017:(3): 739–49.
2016:
2012:
2008:
2001:
1999:
1990:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1974:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1940:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1907:
1905:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1849:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1820:Physics Today
1817:
1810:
1796:
1792:
1786:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1755:(3): 204–08.
1754:
1750:
1746:
1739:
1731:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1715:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1666:(3): 564–71.
1665:
1661:
1657:
1650:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1615:
1607:
1601:
1593:
1587:
1583:
1576:
1574:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1542:(7): 750–58.
1541:
1537:
1530:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1489:
1481:
1475:
1471:
1466:
1465:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1437:
1433:
1426:
1418:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1402:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1372:
1366:
1362:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1321:(9): 928–39.
1320:
1316:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1274:
1266:
1260:
1256:
1249:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1229:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1196:(2): 560–66.
1195:
1191:
1187:
1180:
1174:
1168:
1160:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1144:
1135:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1115:
1106:
1100:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1080:
1078:
1073:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1002:
997:
992:
983:
981:
980:Gazi YaĹźargil
971:
969:
965:
961:
955:
945:
943:
937:
927:
924:
921:
917:
916:meta-analysis
912:
910:
906:
902:
899:and reducing
898:
894:
887:
883:
878:
869:
867:
866:xanthochromia
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
842:
838:
829:
820:
817:
810:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
785:
784:
782:
773:
764:
762:
758:
753:
751:
750:tunica intima
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
712:(TNF alpha),
711:
707:
706:interleukin 6
703:
699:
695:
691:
686:
681:
679:
674:
670:
665:
655:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
621:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
600:
597:
594:
591:
588:
585:
582:
581:
580:
578:
574:
564:
561:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
533:
531:
530:free radicals
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
498:
488:
486:
482:
478:
477:hydrocephalus
473:
471:
461:
459:
451:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
433:
432:
430:
426:
422:
416:
406:
404:
400:
396:
386:
384:
380:
377:
373:
372:basal ganglia
369:
365:
361:
360:blood vessels
357:
351:
341:
338:
328:
326:
322:
318:
308:
300:
295:
285:
282:
279:
275:
270:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
247:
246:
242:
238:
234:
229:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
197:
193:
190:
186:
183:
179:
176:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
156:
152:
149:
145:
141:
138:
134:
130:
126:
123:
119:
115:
111:
108:None, severe
107:
105:
101:
96:
90:
86:
82:
79:
77:
73:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
49:
45:
41:
36:
30:
19:
4191:Neurosurgery
4088:Hypertension
4000:Venous ulcer
3906:
3889:
3857:
3845:
3815:Inflammation
3701:
3696:
3655:
3544:Hyperplastic
3505:Fatty streak
3448:Inflammation
3350:
3277:Subarachnoid
2917:
2893:
2882:
2867:
2852:
2837:
2774:
2770:
2764:
2729:
2725:
2715:
2688:
2685:N Engl J Med
2684:
2674:
2641:
2637:
2631:
2606:
2602:
2596:
2574:(1): 26–33.
2571:
2567:
2531:
2527:
2521:
2480:
2476:
2470:
2443:
2439:
2429:
2421:
2415:
2406:
2402:
2392:
2383:
2374:
2341:
2338:J. Neurosurg
2337:
2330:
2303:
2299:
2289:
2262:
2258:
2248:
2223:
2219:
2212:
2204:
2199:
2174:
2171:Neurosurgery
2170:
2164:
2129:
2125:
2115:
2090:
2086:
2080:
2053:
2047:
2014:
2010:
1972:
1964:
1955:
1947:
1920:
1916:
1862:
1858:
1848:
1823:
1819:
1809:
1798:. Retrieved
1794:
1785:
1752:
1748:
1738:
1713:
1663:
1659:
1649:
1624:
1620:
1614:
1581:
1539:
1535:
1529:
1502:
1498:
1488:
1463:
1439:. Retrieved
1435:
1425:
1400:
1360:
1318:
1314:
1293:, retrieved
1280:
1273:
1254:
1248:
1228:
1193:
1189:
1179:
1167:
1142:
1134:
1125:
1099:
1088:
1037:
1034:Epidemiology
1016:endovascular
1005:
993:
989:
977:
957:
939:
913:
891:
834:
816:tunica media
813:
778:
754:
746:tunica media
685:shear stress
682:
673:blood vessel
667:
652:genetic loci
625:
570:
562:
542:Hypertension
539:
536:Risk factors
510:inflammatory
500:
475:Rebleeding,
474:
467:
455:
418:
392:
379:hypertension
353:
334:
321:hypertension
314:
305:
283:
271:
248:
237:hypertension
230:
218:blood vessel
209:
205:
203:
155:Risk factors
140:Hypertension
85:neurosurgery
29:
4153:Hypotension
3697:head / neck
3549:Cholesterol
3439:capillaries
3260:Extra-axial
3152:precerebral
2919:MedlinePlus
1090:Mayo Clinic
897:respiration
740:. However,
736:(ROS), and
694:macrophages
526:endothelins
522:phagocytose
518:neutrophils
514:macrophages
245:drug abuse.
178:Angiography
148:head trauma
128:Usual onset
43:Other names
4180:Categories
4069:Vasculitis
4059:Thrombosis
4020:Angiopathy
3964:Varicocele
3957:Hemorrhoid
3787:Halo nevus
3643:dissection
3434:arterioles
3123:Cerebellum
3041:Brain stem
2969:including
2007:Wardlaw JM
1800:2021-05-06
1441:2021-05-06
1409:–88, 153.
1295:2021-05-06
1068:References
1040:prevalence
942:craniotomy
698:mast cells
662:See also:
644:endothelin
550:alcoholism
495:See also:
458:parenchyma
364:micrometre
325:bacteremia
292:See also:
3823:Phlebitis
3564:Trans fat
3500:Foam cell
3456:Arteritis
3423:(vessels)
3305:Brainstem
3080:Foville's
2900:128609009
2895:SNOMED CT
2799:226274492
2748:0039-2499
2513:219328499
2497:1745-2422
2220:Radiology
2148:1933-0693
2072:892183792
2031:0033-8419
2011:Radiology
1895:232161029
1879:2041-3033
1840:0031-9228
1826:(2): 24.
1769:0161-6412
1600:cite book
1212:1933-0693
1044:incidence
1028:radiomics
1022:(CTA) or
996:prognosis
986:Prognosis
872:Treatment
862:RBC count
846:angiogram
823:Diagnosis
744:from the
506:apoptosis
502:Vasospasm
491:Vasospasm
485:vasospasm
452:dizziness
448:meningism
335:Fusiform
251:headaches
222:aneurysms
188:Treatment
159:old age,
144:infection
122:confusion
89:neurology
76:Specialty
4037:Embolism
3639:Aneurysm
3576:Stenosis
3510:Atheroma
3461:Aortitis
3430:Arteries
3343:Aneurysm
3272:Subdural
3267:Epidural
3096:Midbrain
2791:33158993
2756:26089327
2707:17978290
2666:26649695
2588:28586893
2505:32500761
2366:24304414
2358:18312088
2322:17395870
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2240:17293572
2191:18824986
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1641:23399038
1564:27713975
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1521:24851875
1335:16943405
1290:31971704
1238:Archived
1220:28387624
1051:See also
964:catheter
960:platinum
882:Mayfield
757:anterior
669:Aneurysm
636:collagen
628:perlecan
425:prodrome
399:vomiting
233:fusiform
118:vomiting
110:headache
104:Symptoms
67:and the
61:Aneurysm
3858:abdomen
3539:Hyaline
3322:General
3228:CADASIL
3054:Medulla
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