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1038:. Another way Brazil and America had similar aspects in their films is the idea of "blackface" in America, and the "redface" in Brazil. At the end of World War One, silent Brazilian cinema moved to the growing expansion of women and their social class, mainly the middle, and shows their modernization and diversification. Hollywood influenced the idea of women becoming more seductive in Brazilian cinema as well with new types of hairstyles, smoking cigarettes, and looking "exotic", in terms of appearance.
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1295:, a popular genre in the 1970s. As the name suggests, these were sex comedies, though they did not depict sex explicitly. One key factor as to why these marginal films thrived was that film theaters were obliged to obey quotas for national films. Many owners of such establishments would finance low-budget films, including those of pornographic content. Though the country was under military regime,
39:
1200:
Rocha often spoke of his films as being a departure from what he considered to be the colonizer's view, to whom poverty was an exotic and distant reality, as well as the colonized who regarded their third world status as shameful. He sought to portray misery, hunger and the violence they generate and
1041:
Hollywood films were also extremely popular during this time, accounting for as much as 85 percent of film material being exhibited on
Brazilian screens in 1928. That year, an estimated 16,464,000 linear feet of film was exported to Brazil, making it Hollywood's third largest foreign market. European
997:
Foreign films as well as short films documenting local events were most common. Some of the first fictional work filmed in the country were the so-called "posed" films, reconstructions of crimes that had recently made the press headlines. The first success of this genre is AntĂłnio Leal and
Francisco
1643:
Because these films were made possible thanks to incentive laws introduced in the 1990s and that the number of viewers drawn in from year to year can fluctuate significantly, it is often questioned whether film production has in fact reached a certain amount of stability and whether or not it could
1538:
have also received film versions and Globo Filmes, Globo's film production branch, has been behind many of the films that have come out over the years, often as a co-producer. Globo's presence is seen by some critics as being overly commercial, thus compelling certain filmmakers to work outside its
1312:. Its role was perceived as somewhat ambiguous. It was criticized for its dubious selection criteria, bureaucracy and favouritism, and was seen as a form of government control over artistic production. On the other hand, much of the work of this period was produced mainly because of its existence.
1105:
The films of this period have often been brushed aside as being overly commercial and americanized, though by the seventies a certain amount of revisionism sought to restore its legitimacy. Despite being overlooked by intellectual elites, these films attracted large audiences as none of the Cinema
1424:
government, saw a significant decrease in State funding that lead to a practical halt in film production and the closing of
Embrafilme in 1989. However, in the mid nineties the country witnessed a new burst in cinematic production, mainly thanks to the introduction of incentive laws under the new
993:
of
Brazilian cinema, when black and white silent films were less costly to produce, most work resulted from the effort of passionate individuals willing to take on the task themselves rather than commercial enterprises. Neither is given much attention by the state, with legislation for the sector
950:
From the early beginning of the 20th century, as early as 1900 to the year of 1912, Brazilian films had made a major impact on the internal market, which saw an annual production of over one-hundred films. In 1908, during a period coined Brazil's "golden age" of Cinema, the country saw its first
1094:
The two of the actors became widely popular throughout Brazil as an amazing comical duo. Otelo, would see much of the humor falling on him at the time due to his Afro-Brazilian characteristics, while
Oscarito became the comical foil in the film, a more pale-toned man with like characteristics.
1522:
Still common in
Brazilian cinema is a taste for social and political criticism, a trait that reflects its strong Cinema Novo influences. For the common movie goer, there has been a shift in perception towards Brazilian cinema as becoming more audience friendly.
1635:
Brazilian film regained speed, though not to the same extent it had seen before. A significant increase in audience was recorded, however, from 2000 to 2002, with 7 million viewers, to 2003, when 22 million viewers came to theaters to watch national
1299:
tended to be more political than cultural. That these films thrived could be perceived by many as a cause of embarrassment, yet they managed to draw in enough audiences so as to stay on the market consistently throughout those years.
1619:
sold at lower prices combined with success in making telenovelas of high production quality made cinema less attractive to lower income audiences. In addition, ticket prices increased more than tenfold in a span of twenty years.
1586:
16th
Tiradentes Film Festival brings together audiences, directors, producers and those interested in cinema in general for 10 days of activities related to the production, dissemination and circulation of Contemporary Brazilian
954:
An ad of a May 1987 issue of Gazeta de PetrĂłpolis, as shown in 1995 by Jorge
Vittorio Capellaro and Paulo Roberto Ferreira, was introduced as the new "birth certificate" of Brazilian cinema, as three short films were advertised:
1170:'s cultural elite in that time. Vera Cruz films were highly commercialized, which led some directors to begin experimenting with independent cinema. This movement away from commercialized Vera Cruz style films came to be called
1025:
Also in the early 20th century of
Brazilian cinema, there was a major lack of Black presence in films that were being made. Brazilian and American films are common in this aspect, as both countries had endured similar types of
946:
from the ship Brésil on a return journey from Europe, though some researchers question the veracity of this event as no copy of the film remains. He would go on to make documentaries with his brother
Paschoal Segreto.
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1002:(1908). "Sung" films were also popular. The actors would hide behind the screen and dub themselves singing during projection. During the 1920s film production flourished throughout several regions of the country:
2986:
1280:) came out, a story in which the protagonist does exactly what is described by the title. Marginal cinema of this period is sometimes also referred to as "udigrudi", a mocking of the English word
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peaked and attracted large audiences by continuing with chanchadas. Among the actors that became strongly associated with Atlântida who had previously worked in Cinédia films are
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gained headlines due to how quickly leaked DVD copies spread among viewers before its release on theaters, but also due to the large number of audience members who cheered
3013:
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being practically non-existent. Film theaters only become larger in number in Rio and SĂŁo Paulo late in the following decade, as power supply becomes more reliable.
2019:
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that, by acting as sponsors, are allowed tax deductions. A common criticism is that, through this system, though films are no longer directly controlled by
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1659:. Even with funding, there are still areas that require some struggle from filmmakers, such as distribution, television participation and DVD release.
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system to create independent work. Documentaries have also had a strong place in Brazilian cinema thanks to the work of renowned directors such as
1798:
3994:
1655:, they are, nevertheless, subject to the approval of entrepreneurs who are logically cautious as to which content they wish to associate their
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was introduced early in the 20th century but took some time to consolidate itself as a popular form of entertainment. The film industry of
801:
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BURTON, Julianne. Cinema and Social Change in Latin America: Conversations with Filmmakers. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 1986.
1030:, and how the colored were not given any time or recognition on film. Many of the early films being produced in Brazil were also made by
901:
3130:
3420:
1384:, becoming the first and only Brazilian actress to ever be nominated in the category. Also for this work, she was nominated for the
1121:. Many of the films produced by the company have been lost throughout the years due to fire and flooding of its storage facilities.
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was chosen as the best film of the period by magazine Revista de Cinema. Some other films that have attracted attention are
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ed. Parvati Nari and Julián Daniel Gutierrez-Albilla, 29–41. Manchester, England: University of Manchester Press, 2013.
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ed. Parvati Nari and Julián Daniel Gutierrez-Albilla, 54–71. Manchester, England: University of Manchester Press, 2013.
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DENNISON, Stephanie and SHAW, Lisa. Popular Cinema in Brazil. Manchester, England: University Manchester Press, 2004.
2004:
1948:
Bicalho, Maria Fernanda Baptista (1993). "The Art of Seduction: Representation of Women in Brazilian Silent Cinema".
1889:
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channel aired around seven p.m. Mondays through Saturdays) is sometimes identified as carrying on the spirit of the
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17:
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was the largest theater chain with 180 screens followed by local exhibitor, Grupo Seveirano Ribeiro, with 170 and
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CINEMA BRASIL - Instituto Cultural Cinema Brasil - Brazilian Movies database (Portuguese, English and French)
1994:
4661:
4578:
4548:
4502:
2900:
2688:
2537:
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1325:
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has gone through periods of ups and downs, a reflection of its dependency on state funding and incentives.
621:
1137:
during the forties and most notable for its output during the following decade. It is in this period that
1098:
The two helped to display the diversity in Brazilian cinema to reflect on the diversity of Brazil itself.
4897:
4621:
2777:
2584:
2557:
2547:
2532:
2451:
2289:
1148:
2062:
PINAZZA, Natália and BAYMAN, Louis (eds) (2013). 'Directory of World Cinema: Brazil. Bristol: Intellect.
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was commonly cast as a villain while Zézé Macedo often took on the role of the undesired, nagging wife.
5057:
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4583:
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2640:
2625:
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films, mostly from Germany and France, were also exhibited with relative frequency. Fan magazines like
970:
887:
652:
1794:
5114:
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4821:
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4308:
3116:
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2920:
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2441:
2360:
1426:
1351:(1984). One of the most successful films in Brazilian film history is an adaptation of Jorge Amado's
1217:
842:
700:
2200:
Brazilian Cinema: Film in the Land of Black Orpheus by Glauco Ortolano and Julie A. Porter (English)
1232:
takes place and repression increases over the following years, forcing many of these artists with a
988:
3241:
3231:
2711:
2471:
2407:
2350:
784:
2144:
TORRES SAN MARTĂŤN, Patricia. "Lost and Invisible: A History of Latin American Women Filmmakers."
4914:
3018:
2797:
1735:
1712:
1466:
1257:
1138:
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186:
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BENAMOU, Catherine, and MARSH, Leslie Louise. "Women Filmmakers and Citizenship in Brazil: From
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4275:
4030:
3923:
2807:
2757:
2635:
2579:
2542:
2522:
2517:
2282:
1519:, since the term is only adequate to describe the initial boost that occurred in the nineties.
1460:
1454:
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4081:
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3747:
2845:
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2620:
2552:
2419:
2170:
Tropical Multiculturalism - PB: A Comparative History of Race in Brazilian Cinema and Culture
1572:
1511:
852:
705:
2244:
1493:
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4366:
4356:
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4146:
4116:
3928:
3862:
2930:
2875:
2747:
2742:
2397:
2033:
1905:
Stam, Robert (December 1982). "Slow Fade to Afro: The Black Presence in Brazilian Cinema".
1676:
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has declined heavily. During the 1990s, it became common for small theaters to close while
1528:
1270:, a story based on an infamous criminal of the period. The following year JĂşlio Bressane's
1266:
789:
771:
3138:
2239:
1499:
1261:
1134:
8:
4999:
4977:
4922:
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4376:
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4265:
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2782:
2762:
2703:
2594:
2564:
2527:
2414:
2380:
1487:
1373:
710:
43:
1050:
were published during this time, featuring both domestic and Hollywood films and stars.
935:
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4952:
4942:
4756:
4739:
4671:
4590:
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4303:
4288:
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2940:
2905:
2855:
2737:
2683:
2655:
2505:
2486:
1957:
1930:
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policy; the sector had depended on state sponsorship and protection. However, with the
806:
720:
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1369:
965:
Ponto Terminal da Linha dos Bondes de Botafogo, Vendo-se os Passageiros Subir e Descer
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30 Anos de Cinema e Festival: a histĂłria do Festival de BrasĂlia do Cinema Brasileiro
2000:
1975:
1922:
1885:
1604:
1596:
1347:
1285:
1031:
761:
695:
660:
55:
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was produced. The movement was named after the large production studio, inspired by
1113:, especially the "novela das sete" (a nickname given to soap operas produced by the
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4719:
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2101:/ coordinated by BerĂŞ Bahia. BrasĂlia, Fundação Cultural do Distrito Federal, 1998.
1914:
1623:
In the early 1990s Brazilian film production suffered as a result of the president
1557:
1540:
1505:
1481:
1442:, or the return of national film production. Since then there have been films with
1320:
1281:
756:
3729:
List of Brazilian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film
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1624:
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1405:
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1035:
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811:
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1552:
1336:
1331:
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832:
149:
1099:
1091:, who usually had a smaller supporting role and is often Oscarito's sidekick.
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2250:
The Rise of the Mandacaru: Brazilian Cinema Renewed by Jorge Didaco (English)
1926:
1690:
1628:
1443:
1358:
1316:
1288:, the screen alter ego of actor and horror film director José Mojica Marins.
1189:
943:
938:' invention, a film exhibition was held in Rio de Janeiro. As early as 1898,
875:
741:
2146:
In Hispanic and Lusophone Women Filmmakers: Theory, Practice and Differences
1768:
1408:
lifts a statue he received for the best actor award at the 44th Festival of
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1167:
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2165:
2082:
Hispanic and Lusophone Women Filmmakers: Theory, Practice and Differences
1704:
1608:
1448:
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1171:
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2120:. Malba - Colección Constantini, Artes Gráficas Ronor S.A., April 2004.
1961:
1934:
1612:
1568:
1534:
1515:, though perhaps some of these would no longer qualify as films of the
1400:
1309:
1296:
1221:
1114:
1110:
1084:
1011:
715:
4258:
3050:
2031:
Boros Queiroga, Andrea (March 3, 2000). "Cinemark in Latin America".
1475:
1308:
Films in this period benefited from state-run agencies, most notably
1237:
1918:
38:
2456:
2254:
1616:
1080:
1007:
2274:
3055:
2224:
1652:
1648:
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1233:
951:
widely popular film, titled Os Estranguladores, by Antonio Leal.
2118:
Glauber Rocha: del hambre al sueño. Obra, polĂtica y pensamiento
1982:
from the original on 19 April 2017 – via Internet Archive.
1850:"Table 11: Exhibition – Admissions & Gross Box Office (GBO)"
3739:
2305:
2229:
1341:
1066:. A kiss between Celso GuimarĂŁes and Rosina PagĂŁ, protagonists.
1003:
918:
2260:
Tupiniquim Japan, the largest Brazilian Film promoter in Japan
2220:
Beyond Cinema Novo by Robert Stam and Randal Johnson (English)
1438:
came out in 1995 and is held by many as the first film of the
1993:
Bergfelder, Tim; Shaw, Lisa; Vieira, JoĂŁo Luiz (2016-12-01).
1821:"Table 1: Feature Film Production - Genre/Method of Shooting"
1656:
1647:
Incentive laws allow Brazilian films to receive funding from
1241:
1174:, or New Cinema. Vera Cruz eventually bankrupted and closed.
2259:
1637:
1611:
with 80 screens. In the last decades, the accessibility of
1315:
A varied and memorable filmography was produced, including
1228:. Freedom to express political views becomes scarce as the
1386:
Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama
2153:
Global Indigenous Media: Cultures, Poetics, and Politics
983:(1936). The Brazilian actress gained visibility overseas.
2172:(Latin America Otherwise, Duke University Press, 1997,
1726:
List of Academy Awards nominations for Brazilian films
2139:
The New Latin American Cinema: A Continental Project
1992:
1666:
2067:
Esse mundo Ă© um pandeiro: chanchada de GetĂşlio a JK
1526:Television shows of the Rede Globo network such as
1364:
2125:Brazil on Screen: Cinema NĂ´vo, New Cinema, Utopia
2104:CALDAS, Ricardo Wahrendorff & MONTORO, Tânia.
1873:
1871:
1722:List of awards and nominations for Brazilian films
1075:During the 1940s and 1950s, films produced by the
1062:Scene from the 1943 Brazilian film Way to Heaven,
2240:On Brazilian Cinema by Michael Korfmann (English)
2190:Nelson Pereira dos Santos profile by Hudson Moura
1644:in the future succumb to any governmental whims.
1133:was a production company founded in the state of
5106:
2210:Cinemabrasileiro.net, web about Brazilian cinema
1256:A "marginal cinema" emerges associated with the
1248:, these artists and singers returned to Brazil.
2114:. Ministry of Culture, BrasĂlia 1999 (catalog).
1868:
1844:
1842:
1787:
1162:genre, the essence of these films followed the
2235:Complete list of Brazilian movies (Portuguese)
2215:Atlântida Cinematográfica website (Portuguese)
2205:The Best Brazilian Films of All Time (English)
2141:. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 1993.
2030:
1795:"Table 6: Share of Top 3 distributors (Excel)"
3755:
3124:
2290:
1813:
1763:
1761:
895:
629:
1839:
1376:, mostly recognized for her leading role in
1216:Other key directors of the movement include
1877:
1769:"Table 8: Cinema Infrastructure - Capacity"
3762:
3748:
3131:
3117:
2297:
2283:
2155:. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2008.
1978:. Hollywood Filmograph, inc. 1 June 1929.
1758:
902:
888:
636:
622:
1603:, gained market share. By December 1999,
961:Bailado de Crenças no Colégio de Andarahy
2095:Cinema: trajetĂłria no subdesenvolvimento
1581:
1567:
1399:
1368:
1273:Killed the Family and Went to the Movies
1201:thus suggest the need for a revolution.
1183:
1057:
969:
2151:WILSON, Pamela, and Stewart, Michelle.
1947:
1083:, a comedian somewhat reminiscent of a
14:
5107:
1878:Johnson, Randal; Stam, Robert (1995).
1380:, for which she was nominated for the
1291:Associated with the genre is also the
3743:
3112:
2278:
2195:Top 10 movies from Brazil in IMDB.com
2134:. London: I.B. Tauris & Co, 2006.
1996:Stars and Stardom in Brazilian Cinema
1976:"Hollywood Filmograph (Jun-Aug 1929)"
1435:Carlota Joaquina - Princess of Brazil
1345:(1981) and Nelson Pereira do Santos'
1904:
1856:from the original on 5 November 2013
1827:from the original on 5 November 2013
1801:from the original on 17 January 2014
2371:Sixth (New) Republic (1985–present)
2304:
1852:. UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
1823:. UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
1797:. UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
1771:. UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
1746:Cinemateca do Museu de Arte Moderna
1213:are some of his most famous works.
1131:Companhia Cinematográfica Vera Cruz
24:
3227:Grande PrĂŞmio do Cinema Brasileiro
2270:MuseCom cinematographic repository
2230:Cinemateca Brasileira (Portuguese)
2159:
1741:Grande PrĂŞmio do Cinema Brasileiro
1563:
1394:Berlin International Film Festival
1303:
1053:
667:
83:Produced feature films (2015)
25:
5126:
2366:Military dictatorship (1964–1985)
2265:Extensive list of Brazilian Films
2183:
2108:. Casa das Musas, BrasĂlia, 2006.
2106:A Evolução do Cinema no Século XX
1775:from the original on 29 July 2017
1731:Abraccine Top 100 Brazilian films
1591:Since the 1970s, the quantity of
5086:
5072:
3769:
3245:
3140:
2351:First (Old) Republic (1889–1930)
1718:List of Brazilian film directors
1697:
1683:
1669:
1365:Retomada and contemporary cinema
1158:, which was clearly inspired by
869:
177:
120:Number of admissions (2015)
37:
2245:Text on Glauber Rocha (English)
2041:
2024:
2020:Success of the film Elite Squad
2013:
1278:Matou a famĂlia e foi ao cinema
1244:. In 1985, with the end of the
1087:and commonly cast as lead, and
1034:, with respect to the likes of
2255:Vera Cruz website (Portuguese)
1986:
1968:
1941:
1898:
1420:The early nineties, under the
1382:Academy Award for Best Actress
1354:Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands
1230:1964 Brazilian military regime
1204:Deus e o Diabo na Terra do Sol
1177:
51:
13:
1:
1884:. Columbia University Press.
1751:
1599:, which are usually found in
957:Chegada do Trem em PetrĂłpolis
934:A couple of months after the
929:
1326:All Nudity Shall Be Punished
1260:area in SĂŁo Paulo. In 1968,
1124:
1070:
141:Gross box office (2015)
7:
2813:Water supply and sanitation
2361:Fourth Republic (1946–1964)
2336:Colonial Brazil (1500–1815)
1662:
160:R$ 278 million (11.8%)
10:
5131:
2341:United Kingdom (1815–1822)
2127:. London: IB Tauris, 2007.
2093:GOMES, Paulo Emilo Sales.
2056:
1251:
1192:, a central figure of the
1166:'s style, popular between
1106:Novo films would achieve.
924:
5066:
5023:
4990:
4913:
4846:
4839:
4782:
4687:
4604:
4531:
4522:
4490:
4375:
4332:
4274:
4107:
4052:
4043:
4013:
3967:
3911:
3835:
3799:
3790:
3777:
3721:
3419:
3346:
3288:
3255:
3240:
3217:
3171:
3153:
3070:
2939:
2831:
2733:
2724:
2702:
2616:
2607:
2595:President of the Republic
2513:
2504:
2388:
2379:
2316:
1575:in the Brazilian city of
1412:for the film My Country,
1267:O Bandido da Luz Vermelha
1218:Nelson Pereira dos Santos
1077:Atlântida Cinematográfica
156:
145:
140:
132:
124:
119:
111:
103:
95:
87:
82:
72:
64:
50:
36:
31:
3985:Central African Republic
2518:Administrative divisions
2132:The New Brazilian Cinema
1329:(1973), Carlos Diegues'
2069:. Companhia das Letras.
1736:Mouth of Garbage Cinema
1713:List of Brazilian films
187:List of Brazilian films
65: • Per capita
4700:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2674:Science and technology
2356:Vargas Era (1930–1946)
1588:
1579:
1455:Four Days in September
1417:
1397:
1197:
1067:
984:
942:supposedly filmed the
672:
68:1.6 per 100,000 (2015)
4005:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
1950:Luso-Brazilian Review
1585:
1573:Gramado Film Festival
1571:
1529:Casseta & Planeta
1512:Two Sons of Francisco
1403:
1372:
1224:, Leon Hirszman, and
1187:
1061:
1028:European colonization
973:
671:
44:Gramado Film Festival
4477:United Arab Emirates
3163:Production companies
2492:World Heritage Sites
2425:Environmental issues
2398:Brazilian Antarctica
2034:Screen International
1677:Latin America portal
1473:The dark urban film
1446:nominations such as
858:World Heritage Sites
5026:& transnational
3041:Syncretic Religions
2949:Freedom of religion
2631:Automotive industry
1545:JoĂŁo Moreira Salles
1374:Fernanda Montenegro
1284:. Also popular was
194:Brazilian Animation
4878:Dominican Republic
3265:LGBT-related films
3001:Eastern Orthodoxy
2994:Ukrainian Catholic
2689:Telecommunications
2346:Empire (1822–1889)
2331:Indigenous peoples
2130:NAGIB, LĂşcia, ed.
1999:. Berghahn Books.
1597:multiplex theaters
1589:
1580:
1550:In 2007, the film
1488:The Man Who Copied
1418:
1416:, by André Ristum.
1398:
1198:
1068:
1032:Italian Brazilians
1000:Os Estranguladores
985:
673:
5102:
5101:
4986:
4985:
4835:
4834:
4518:
4517:
4039:
4038:
3737:
3736:
3717:
3716:
3280:Films by director
3106:
3105:
3066:
3065:
3008:
2996:
2989:
2982:
2975:
2973:Armenian Catholic
2778:Income inequality
2720:
2719:
2603:
2602:
2590:Political parties
2585:National Congress
2548:Freedom of speech
2533:Foreign relations
2500:
2499:
2097:. Paz e Terra. *
2065:AUGUSTO, SĂ©rgio.
1605:Cinemark Theatres
1348:Memoirs of Prison
1319:'s adaptation of
1262:Rogério Sganzerla
1154:However, despite
980:AlĂ´, AlĂ´ Carnaval
912:
911:
876:Brazil portal
661:Culture of Brazil
646:
645:
164:
163:
152:2.35 billion
76:Universal (20.8%)
73:Main distributors
16:(Redirected from
5122:
5115:Cinema of Brazil
5093:World portal
5091:
5090:
5077:
5076:
5075:
5024:Intercontinental
4844:
4843:
4667:Northern Ireland
4529:
4528:
4050:
4049:
3797:
3796:
3764:
3757:
3750:
3741:
3740:
3253:
3252:
3249:
3184:Cinematographers
3147:Cinema of Brazil
3145:
3144:
3143:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3110:
3109:
3086:
3079:
3004:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2971:
2896:National symbols
2731:
2730:
2669:
2641:Economic history
2626:Animal husbandry
2614:
2613:
2511:
2510:
2386:
2385:
2299:
2292:
2285:
2276:
2275:
2137:PICK, Suzana M.
2112:Brazilian Cinema
2050:
2048:Cinema of Brazil
2045:
2039:
2038:
2028:
2022:
2017:
2011:
2010:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1881:Brazilian Cinema
1875:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1846:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1765:
1707:
1702:
1701:
1700:
1693:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1679:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1601:shopping centers
1558:police brutality
1541:Eduardo Coutinho
1404:Brazilian actor
1321:Nelson Rodrigues
936:Lumière brothers
915:Brazilian cinema
904:
897:
890:
874:
873:
872:
670:
648:
647:
638:
631:
624:
181:
166:
165:
136:22,485,736 (13%)
53:
41:
32:Cinema of Brazil
29:
28:
21:
18:Brazilian cinema
5130:
5129:
5125:
5124:
5123:
5121:
5120:
5119:
5105:
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5103:
5098:
5085:
5079:Film portal
5073:
5071:
5062:
5025:
5019:
4982:
4909:
4831:
4778:
4735:North Macedonia
4683:
4600:
4514:
4486:
4371:
4328:
4270:
4103:
4035:
4009:
3963:
3907:
3831:
3786:
3782:National cinema
3773:
3768:
3738:
3733:
3713:
3415:
3342:
3338:Science fiction
3284:
3244:
3236:
3213:
3204:Score composers
3167:
3149:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3107:
3102:
3089:
3082:
3075:
3062:
2935:
2921:Science fiction
2911:Public holidays
2827:
2788:Life expectancy
2716:
2698:
2667:
2599:
2575:Law enforcement
2496:
2482:Water resources
2462:Protected areas
2375:
2312:
2303:
2186:
2162:
2160:Further reading
2059:
2054:
2053:
2046:
2042:
2029:
2025:
2018:
2014:
2007:
1991:
1987:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1946:
1942:
1919:10.2307/3696991
1903:
1899:
1892:
1876:
1869:
1859:
1857:
1848:
1847:
1840:
1830:
1828:
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1818:
1814:
1804:
1802:
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1792:
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1776:
1767:
1766:
1759:
1754:
1703:
1698:
1696:
1689:
1684:
1682:
1675:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1625:Fernando Collor
1566:
1564:Domestic market
1461:Central Station
1422:Fernando Collor
1406:Rodrigo Santoro
1378:Central Station
1367:
1306:
1304:1970s and 1980s
1254:
1246:military regime
1210:Terra em Transe
1182:
1127:
1073:
1056:
1054:1930s and 1940s
1036:Affonso Segreto
940:Affonso Segreto
932:
927:
908:
870:
868:
668:
642:
572:
530:
488:
446:
404:
362:
320:
278:
236:
176:
174:
171:
77:
46:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5128:
5118:
5117:
5100:
5099:
5097:
5096:
5082:
5067:
5064:
5063:
5061:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5048:Kurdish cinema
5045:
5040:
5038:Balochi cinema
5035:
5029:
5027:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4996:
4994:
4988:
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4752:
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4722:
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4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4691:
4689:
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4684:
4682:
4681:
4680:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4662:United Kingdom
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4608:
4606:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4587:
4586:
4581:
4579:Russian Empire
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4549:Czech Republic
4546:
4541:
4535:
4533:
4526:
4520:
4519:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4512:
4511:
4510:
4505:
4503:Russian Empire
4494:
4492:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
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4407:
4402:
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4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
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4330:
4329:
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4311:
4306:
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4296:
4291:
4286:
4280:
4278:
4272:
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4268:
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4209:
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4199:
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4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
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4139:
4134:
4124:
4119:
4113:
4111:
4105:
4104:
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4096:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4084:
4074:
4069:
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4058:
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4047:
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4034:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4017:
4015:
4011:
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4008:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3971:
3969:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3956:
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3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3915:
3913:
3909:
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3906:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3839:
3837:
3833:
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3830:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3803:
3801:
3794:
3788:
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3294:
3292:
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3283:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3260:Animated films
3256:
3250:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3223:
3221:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3211:
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3201:
3196:
3191:
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2712:Rail transport
2708:
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2598:
2597:
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2567:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2558:Women's rights
2555:
2550:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2498:
2497:
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2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2447:Largest cities
2444:
2439:
2434:
2432:Extreme points
2429:
2428:
2427:
2417:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2408:Climate change
2400:
2395:
2389:
2383:
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2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2185:
2184:External links
2182:
2181:
2180:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2149:
2142:
2135:
2128:
2123:NAGIB, LĂşcia.
2121:
2115:
2109:
2102:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2070:
2063:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2040:
2023:
2012:
2005:
1985:
1967:
1940:
1907:Film Quarterly
1897:
1890:
1867:
1838:
1812:
1786:
1756:
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1728:
1723:
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1715:
1709:
1708:
1694:
1680:
1664:
1661:
1565:
1562:
1500:Behind the Sun
1476:The Trespasser
1366:
1363:
1337:Hector Babenco
1332:Bye Bye Brazil
1305:
1302:
1293:pornochanchada
1253:
1250:
1226:Carlos Diegues
1181:
1176:
1164:Italian cinema
1126:
1123:
1072:
1069:
1064:Caminho do CĂ©u
1055:
1052:
975:Carmen Miranda
931:
928:
926:
923:
910:
909:
907:
906:
899:
892:
884:
881:
880:
879:
878:
863:
862:
861:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
827:
826:
822:
821:
820:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
793:
792:
787:
782:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
736:
735:
731:
730:
729:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
680:
679:
675:
674:
664:
663:
657:
656:
644:
643:
641:
640:
633:
626:
618:
615:
614:
596:
595:
589:
588:
554:
553:
547:
546:
512:
511:
505:
504:
470:
469:
463:
462:
428:
427:
421:
420:
386:
385:
379:
378:
344:
343:
337:
336:
302:
301:
295:
294:
260:
259:
253:
252:
218:
217:
211:
210:
204:
203:
197:
196:
190:
189:
183:
182:
172:
162:
161:
158:
157:National films
154:
153:
147:
143:
142:
138:
137:
134:
133:National films
130:
129:
126:
122:
121:
117:
116:
113:
109:
108:
105:
101:
100:
97:
93:
92:
89:
85:
84:
80:
79:
78:Disney (17.3%)
74:
70:
69:
66:
62:
61:
58:
48:
47:
42:
34:
33:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5127:
5116:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5095:
5094:
5089:
5083:
5081:
5080:
5069:
5068:
5065:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5053:Latin America
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5022:
5016:
5013:
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5008:
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5003:
5001:
4998:
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4993:
4989:
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4926:
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4912:
4904:
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4900:
4899:
4898:United States
4896:
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4886:
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4879:
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4866:
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4708:
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4650:
4648:
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4643:
4640:
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4622:Faroe Islands
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4609:
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4147:Chhattisgarhi
4145:
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4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
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3993:
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3988:
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3309:
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3233:
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3225:
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3216:
3210:
3209:Screenwriters
3207:
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3200:
3197:
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3024:
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3019:Protestantism
3017:
3015:
3012:
3007:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2995:
2991:
2988:
2984:
2981:
2977:
2974:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2963:Christianity
2962:
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2834:
2830:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2803:States by HDI
2801:
2799:
2798:Social issues
2796:
2794:
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2779:
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2203:
2201:
2198:
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2193:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2179:
2178:0-8223-2048-7
2175:
2171:
2167:
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2154:
2150:
2147:
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2136:
2133:
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2110:
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2100:
2096:
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2064:
2061:
2060:
2049:
2044:
2037:. p. 15.
2036:
2035:
2027:
2021:
2016:
2008:
2006:9781785332999
2002:
1998:
1997:
1989:
1981:
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1971:
1963:
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1944:
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1932:
1928:
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1891:9780231102674
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1691:Brazil portal
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1629:laissez-faire
1626:
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1593:film theaters
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1444:Academy Award
1441:
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1402:
1395:
1391:
1387:
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1359:Bruno Barreto
1356:
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1317:Arnaldo Jabor
1313:
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1190:Glauber Rocha
1186:
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944:Guanabara Bay
941:
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49:
45:
40:
35:
30:
27:
19:
5084:
5070:
5058:Soviet Union
4932:
4810:German Turks
4584:Soviet Union
4508:Soviet Union
4462:Saudi Arabia
4362:Turkmenistan
4276:Southeastern
4031:South Africa
3924:Burkina Faso
3771:World cinema
3270:Silent films
3146:
2860:
2808:Unemployment
2758:Demographics
2636:Central Bank
2543:Human rights
2523:Constitution
2393:Amazon basin
2169:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2131:
2124:
2117:
2111:
2105:
2098:
2094:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2066:
2043:
2032:
2026:
2015:
1995:
1988:
1970:
1956:(1): 21–33.
1953:
1949:
1943:
1913:(2): 16–32.
1910:
1906:
1900:
1880:
1858:. Retrieved
1829:. Retrieved
1815:
1803:. Retrieved
1789:
1777:. Retrieved
1646:
1642:
1632:
1622:
1590:
1551:
1549:
1533:
1527:
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1510:
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1480:
1474:
1472:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1439:
1433:
1431:
1429:government.
1419:
1413:
1388:and won the
1377:
1352:
1346:
1340:
1330:
1324:
1314:
1307:
1290:
1286:ZĂ© do CaixĂŁo
1277:
1271:
1265:
1258:Boca de Lixo
1255:
1215:
1208:
1202:
1199:
1156:O Cangaceiro
1155:
1153:
1144:O Cangaceiro
1142:
1139:Lima Barreto
1128:
1118:
1108:
1104:
1097:
1093:
1089:Grande Otelo
1074:
1063:
1048:A Scena Muda
1047:
1043:
1040:
1024:
1016:Juiz de Fora
999:
996:
990:belle epoque
989:
987:During this
986:
978:
964:
960:
956:
953:
949:
933:
914:
913:
838:Coat of arms
817:Video gaming
751:
747:Architecture
686:Demographics
169:
60:8,005 (2019)
26:
5043:Middle East
5010:New Zealand
4903:Puerto Rico
4827:Switzerland
4822:Netherlands
4342:Afghanistan
4309:Philippines
3878:South Sudan
3313:Documentary
3275:Short films
3242:Films (A–Z)
3232:Troféu APCA
2967:Catholicism
2881:Malandragem
2846:Archaeology
2773:Immigration
2679:Stock index
2621:Agriculture
2420:Environment
2166:Robert Stam
1705:Film portal
1613:televisions
1609:UCI Cinemas
1553:Elite Squad
1494:Madame SatĂŁ
1467:City of God
1449:O Quatrilho
1432:The comedy
1390:Silver Bear
1282:underground
1194:Cinema Novo
1179:Cinema Novo
1172:Cinema Novo
1141:'s classic
1109:Today, the
1100:José Lewgoy
998:Marzullo's
848:Miss Brazil
706:Immigration
128:172,943,242
112:Documentary
5033:Arab World
4868:Costa Rica
4817:Luxembourg
4750:Yugoslavia
4730:Montenegro
4390:Azerbaijan
4367:Uzbekistan
4357:Tajikistan
4352:Kyrgyzstan
4347:Kazakhstan
4222:Rajasthani
4117:Bangladesh
3929:Cape Verde
3863:Madagascar
3323:Historical
3172:Filmmakers
3006:Antiochian
2931:Television
2901:Newspapers
2876:Literature
2748:Corruption
2743:Censorship
2668:(currency)
2538:Government
2074:Bossa Nova
1752:References
1535:Os Normais
1357:(1976) by
1310:Embrafilme
1297:censorship
1240:bent into
1222:Ruy Guerra
1115:Rede Globo
1111:telenovela
1085:Harpo Marx
1020:Guaranésia
1012:Cataguases
930:Early days
790:Television
772:Literature
115:50 (38.8%)
107:26 (10.0%)
99:79 (61.2%)
5000:Australia
4978:Venezuela
4923:Argentina
4767:Catalonia
4647:Lithuania
4452:Palestine
4314:Singapore
4294:Indonesia
4266:Sri Lanka
4259:Lollywood
4197:Malayalam
4067:Hong Kong
3868:Mauritius
3348:By decade
3303:Adventure
3199:Producers
3189:Directors
3158:Festivals
3051:Quimbanda
3046:Candomblé
2916:Sculpture
2891:Mythology
2841:Animation
2783:Languages
2763:Education
2704:Transport
2565:Judiciary
2528:Elections
2477:Time Zone
2452:Mountains
2415:Coastline
2381:Geography
1927:0015-1386
1860:1 January
1831:1 January
1805:1 January
1779:1 January
1649:companies
1617:computers
1482:Carandiru
1264:releases
1238:communist
1188:Director
1168:SĂŁo Paulo
1149:Hollywood
1135:SĂŁo Paulo
1125:Vera Cruz
1119:chanchada
1071:Atlântida
802:Monuments
721:Religions
711:Languages
170:Cinema of
96:Fictional
5109:Category
4968:Suriname
4953:Paraguay
4943:Colombia
4840:Americas
4757:Slovenia
4740:Portugal
4688:Southern
4672:Scotland
4605:Northern
4591:Slovakia
4544:Bulgaria
4491:Northern
4319:Thailand
4304:Malaysia
4289:Cambodia
4254:Pakistan
4227:Sanskrit
4182:Kashmiri
4167:Haryanvi
4162:Gujarati
4142:Bhojpuri
4132:Assamese
4109:Southern
4094:Mongolia
4021:Botswana
4014:Southern
3995:Congo DR
3980:Cameroon
3903:Zimbabwe
3888:Tanzania
3853:Ethiopia
3843:Djibouti
3800:Northern
3356:pre 1920
3290:By genre
3093:Category
3031:Hinduism
2980:Maronite
2959:Buddhism
2941:Religion
2906:Painting
2856:Carnaval
2738:Abortion
2684:Taxation
2656:Industry
2580:Military
2506:Politics
2487:Wildlife
2457:Pantanal
2326:Timeline
2310:articles
2078:Retomada
1980:Archived
1854:Archived
1825:Archived
1799:Archived
1773:Archived
1663:See also
1633:retomada
1560:scenes.
1517:retomada
1440:retomada
1414:Meu PaĂs
1410:BrasĂlia
1335:(1979),
1196:movement
1081:Oscarito
1044:Cinearte
1008:Campinas
807:Painting
701:Holidays
691:Folklore
653:a series
651:Part of
201:Pre 1920
104:Animated
4992:Oceania
4973:Uruguay
4962:Iquitos
4948:Ecuador
4928:Bolivia
4888:Jamaica
4805:Germany
4795:Belgium
4790:Austria
4783:Western
4772:Galicia
4705:Croatia
4695:Albania
4637:Ireland
4632:Iceland
4627:Finland
4617:Estonia
4612:Denmark
4596:Ukraine
4569:Romania
4559:Moldova
4554:Hungary
4539:Belarus
4532:Eastern
4442:Lebanon
4405:Georgia
4395:Bahrain
4385:Armenia
4377:Western
4334:Central
4324:Vietnam
4217:Punjabi
4207:Marathi
4192:Konkani
4177:Kannada
4152:Deccani
4137:Bengali
4054:Eastern
4026:Namibia
3968:Central
3954:Senegal
3949:Nigeria
3939:Liberia
3912:Western
3873:Somalia
3848:Eritrea
3836:Eastern
3827:Tunisia
3822:Morocco
3807:Algeria
3421:By year
3333:Romance
3194:Editors
3077:Outline
3056:Umbanda
3036:Judaism
2987:Melkite
2871:Cuisine
2833:Culture
2818:Welfare
2726:Society
2694:Tourism
2651:Exports
2609:Economy
2467:Regions
2442:Islands
2437:Geology
2403:Climate
2318:History
2076:to the
2057:Sources
1962:3514194
1935:3696991
1587:cinema.
1577:Gramado
1392:at the
1252:B Films
1234:marxist
1160:western
1151:scale.
925:History
825:Symbols
762:Cuisine
696:History
678:Society
56:screens
4933:Brazil
4893:Mexico
4861:Quebec
4856:Canada
4800:France
4745:Serbia
4720:Kosovo
4710:Greece
4657:Sweden
4652:Norway
4642:Latvia
4574:Russia
4564:Poland
4524:Europe
4498:Russia
4472:Turkey
4437:Kuwait
4432:Jordan
4425:Jewish
4420:Israel
4400:Cyprus
4237:Telugu
4202:Meitei
4122:Bhutan
4099:Taiwan
3975:Angola
3898:Zambia
3893:Uganda
3792:Africa
3328:Horror
3308:Comedy
3298:Action
3219:Awards
3179:Actors
3098:Portal
2954:BaháʼĂ
2926:Sports
2866:Comics
2861:Cinema
2793:People
2768:Health
2661:Mining
2646:Energy
2472:Rivers
2308:
2306:Brazil
2176:
2080:." In
2003:
1960:
1933:
1925:
1888:
1657:brands
1342:Pixote
1004:Recife
919:Brazil
843:Anthem
812:Sports
776:Media
757:Comics
752:Cinema
734:Topics
716:People
655:on the
173:Brazil
5015:Samoa
4938:Chile
4915:South
4883:Haiti
4848:North
4762:Spain
4725:Malta
4715:Italy
4677:Wales
4482:Yemen
4467:Syria
4457:Qatar
4284:Burma
4249:Nepal
4232:Tamil
4212:Oriya
4187:Khasi
4172:Hindi
4157:Dogri
4127:India
4087:South
4082:North
4077:Korea
4072:Japan
4062:China
4000:Gabon
3944:Niger
3934:Ghana
3919:Benin
3883:Sudan
3858:Kenya
3817:Libya
3812:Egypt
3722:Other
3411:2020s
3406:2010s
3401:2000s
3396:1990s
3391:1980s
3386:1970s
3381:1960s
3376:1950s
3371:1940s
3366:1930s
3361:1920s
3318:Drama
3084:Index
3026:Islam
2886:Music
2823:Youth
2753:Crime
2666:Real
1958:JSTOR
1931:JSTOR
1653:state
1638:films
1242:exile
797:Music
785:Radio
780:Print
767:Dance
726:Women
593:2020s
551:2010s
509:2000s
467:1990s
425:1980s
383:1970s
341:1960s
299:1950s
257:1940s
215:1930s
208:1920s
146:Total
125:Total
88:Total
5005:Fiji
4958:Peru
4873:Cuba
4447:Oman
4415:Iraq
4410:Iran
4299:Laos
4242:Tulu
4045:Asia
3990:Chad
3959:Togo
3709:2024
3704:2023
3699:2022
3694:2021
3689:2020
3684:2019
3679:2018
3674:2017
3669:2016
3664:2015
3659:2014
3654:2013
3649:2012
3644:2011
3639:2010
3634:2009
3629:2008
3624:2007
3619:2006
3614:2005
3609:2004
3604:2003
3599:2002
3594:2001
3589:2000
3584:1985
3579:1984
3574:1983
3569:1982
3564:1981
3559:1980
3554:1970
3549:1964
3544:1960
3539:1954
3534:1951
3529:1950
3524:1949
3519:1948
3514:1947
3509:1946
3504:1945
3499:1944
3494:1943
3489:1942
3484:1941
3479:1940
3474:1939
3469:1938
3464:1937
3459:1936
3454:1935
3449:1934
3444:1933
3439:1932
3434:1931
3429:1930
2851:Arts
2553:LGBT
2174:ISBN
2001:ISBN
1923:ISSN
1886:ISBN
1862:2018
1833:2018
1807:2018
1781:2018
1615:and
1543:and
1532:and
1509:and
1506:Olga
1464:and
1207:and
1129:The
1046:and
1018:and
963:and
853:Bird
833:Flag
612:2024
609:2023
606:2022
603:2021
600:2020
586:2019
583:2018
580:2017
577:2016
574:2015
570:2014
567:2013
564:2012
561:2011
558:2010
544:2009
541:2008
538:2007
535:2006
532:2005
528:2004
525:2003
522:2002
519:2001
516:2000
502:1999
499:1998
496:1997
493:1996
490:1995
486:1994
483:1993
480:1992
477:1991
474:1990
460:1989
457:1988
454:1987
451:1986
448:1985
444:1984
441:1983
438:1982
435:1981
432:1980
418:1979
415:1978
412:1977
409:1976
406:1975
402:1974
399:1973
396:1972
393:1971
390:1970
376:1969
373:1968
370:1967
367:1966
364:1965
360:1964
357:1963
354:1962
351:1961
348:1960
334:1959
331:1958
328:1957
325:1956
322:1955
318:1954
315:1953
312:1952
309:1951
306:1950
292:1949
289:1948
286:1947
283:1946
280:1945
276:1944
273:1943
270:1942
267:1941
264:1940
250:1939
247:1938
244:1937
241:1936
238:1935
234:1934
231:1933
228:1932
225:1931
222:1930
3014:LDS
2570:Law
1915:doi
1627:'s
1427:FHC
1339:'s
1236:or
977:in
742:Art
150:R$
91:129
54:of
52:No.
5111::
2168::
1954:30
1952:.
1929:.
1921:.
1911:36
1909:.
1870:^
1841:^
1760:^
1640:.
1547:.
1503:,
1497:,
1491:,
1485:,
1470:.
1458:,
1452:,
1361:.
1323:'
1220:,
1022:.
1014:,
1010:,
1006:,
967:.
959:,
4964:)
4960:(
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3118:v
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2291:t
2284:v
2009:.
1964:.
1937:.
1917::
1894:.
1864:.
1835:.
1809:.
1783:.
1396:.
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