154:. The Institute advocates for an embrace of modernization and technological development (including nuclear power and carbon capture) in order to address environmental challenges. Proposing urbanization, agricultural intensification, nuclear power, aquaculture, and desalination as processes with a potential to reduce human demands on the environment, allowing more room for non-human species.
291:, whose board members have financial ties to processed food companies that rely heavily on industrial agriculture. After an IRS complaint about potential improper use of 501(c)(3) status, the Institute no longer lists the Nathan Cummings Foundation as a donor. However, as Thacker has noted, the institute's funding remains largely opaque.
507:, and Peter Teague. It proposed dropping the goal of “sustainable development” and replacing it with a strategy to shrink humanity's footprint by using natural resources more intensively through technological innovation. The authors argue that economic development is necessary to preserve the environment.
516:, "most of the criticism of was more about tone than content. The manifesto's basic arguments, after all, are hardly radical. To wit: technology, thoughtfully applied, can reduce the suffering, human and otherwise, caused by climate change; ideology, stubbornly upheld, can accomplish the opposite." At
367:
said in 2008 that "Nordhaus and
Shellenberger persuasively argue, environmentalists must stop congratulating themselves for their own willingness to confront inconvenient truths and must focus on building a politics of shared hope rather than relying on a politics of fear.", adding that the paper "is
1499:
The planet is getting hotter, faster, and the old environmental solutions cannot save us. What's required is not that we constrain human power but rather unleash it. In opposition to regulation-focused greens and anti-government conservatives, the authors call for epic government investment in a new
569:
agreed with
Caradonna, and wrote in 2017 that "What is additionally striking about the Ecomodernist document, beyond its factual weaknesses and ecological falsehoods, is that there is no mention of social justice or democratic politics," and "no acknowledgement of the fact that big technologies like
329:
In 2004, Breakthrough founders Ted
Nordhaus and Michael Shellenberger coauthored the essay, “Death of Environmentalism: Global Warming Politics in a Post-Environmental World.” The paper argued that environmentalism is incapable of dealing with climate change and should "die" so that a new politics
1583:
Intensifying many human activities — particularly farming, energy extraction, forestry, and settlement — so that they use less land and interfere less with the natural world is the key to decoupling human development from environmental impacts. These socioeconomic and technological processes are
263:
Jonathan Symons, Senior
Lecturer at Macquarie University, Australia, has written an extensive survey of the Breakthrough Institute and its philosophy. He argues that ecomodernism is best understood as a social democratic response to environmental challenges, and that the Breakthrough Institute's
409:
continued the trend
Gelobter pointed out related the authors' commitment to technological innovation and economic growth instead of focusing on systemic inequalities that create environmental injustices. Specifically Sze and Ziser argue that Nordhaus and Shellenberger's "evident relish in their
1613:
On
Tuesday, a group of scholars involved in the environmental debate, including Professor Roy and Professor Brook, Ruth DeFries of Columbia University, and Michael Shellenberger and Ted Nordhaus of the Breakthrough Institute in Oakland, Calif., issued what they are calling the "Eco-modernist
272:
Scholars such as
Professor of American and Environmental Studies Julie Sze and environmental humanist Michael Ziser criticize Breakthrough's philosophy as one that believes "community-based environmental justice poses a threat to the smooth operation of a highly capitalized, global-scale
414:
while actively trading on suspect political tropes," such as blaming China and other
Nations as large-scale polluters so that the United States may begin and continue Nationalistic technology-based research-and-development environmentalism, while continuing to emit more
311:
interests" and criticises the BTI for advocating "continued exploitation of fossil fuels." Mann also questions that the BTI on the one hand seems to be "very pessimistic" about renewable energy, while on the other hand "they are extreme techno-optimists" regarding
298:
also questions the motives of the
Breakthrough Institute. According to Mann, the self-declared mission of the BTI is to look for a breakthrough to solve the climate problem. However Mann states that basically the BTI "appears to be opposed to anything - be it a
273:
Environmentalism." Further, Environmental and Art
Historian TJ Demos has argued that Breakthrough's ideas present "nothing more than a bad utopian fantasy" that function to support the oil and gas industry and work as "an apology for nuclear energy."
345:
Executive Director John Passacantando said in 2005, referring to both Shellenberger and his coauthor Ted Nordhaus, "These guys laid out some fascinating data, but they put it in this over-the-top language and did it in this in-your-face way."
441:, argued that "Pollution limits are far, far more important than R&D for what really matters -- reducing greenhouse-gas emissions and driving clean technologies into the marketplace." Environmental journalist David Roberts, writing in
410:
notoriety as the 'sexy' cosmopolitan 'bad boys' of environmentalism (their own words) introduces some doubt about their sincerity and reliability." The authors asserted that Shellenberger's work fails "to incorporate the aims of
447:, stated that while the BTI and its founders garner much attention, their policy is lacking, and ultimately they "receive a degree of press coverage that wildly exceeds their intellectual contributions." Reviewers for the
732:
393:
wrote that, "If heeded, Nordhaus and Shellenberger's call for an optimistic outlook—embracing economic dynamism and creative potential—will surely do more for the environment than any U.N. report or Nobel Prize."
157:
Since its inception, environmental scientists and academics have criticized Breakthrough's environmental positions. Popular press reception of Breakthrough's environmental ideas and policy has been mixed.
385:
The book argues for a "post-environmental" politics that abandons the environmentalist focus on nature protection for a new focus on technological innovation to create a new, stronger U.S. economy.
1710:
264:
argument for state investment in development and deployment of zero carbon technologies aligns with the IPCC’s position that new technologies are crucial to avoiding dangerous climate change.
522:, Eduardo Porter wrote approvingly of ecomodernism's alternative approach to sustainable development. In an article titled "Manifesto Calls for an End to 'People Are Bad' Environmentalism",
423:" on "community organizing." Such technology-based "approaches like those of Nordhaus and Shellenberger miss entirely" the "structural environmental injustice" that natural disasters like
337:
Executive Director Carl Pope called the essay "unclear, unfair and divisive." He said it contained multiple factual errors and misinterpretations. However, former Sierra Club President
307:- that would have a meaningful impact." He notes that the BTI "remains curiously preoccupied with opposing advocates for meaningful climate action and is coincidentally linked to
1464:
Gelobter, Michel; Dorsey, Michael; Fields, Leslie; Goldtooth, Tom; Mendiratta, Anuja; Moore, Richard; Morello-Frosch, Rachel; Shepard, Peggy M.; Torres, Gerald (May 27, 2005).
459:
argued that a critical reevaluation of green politics was unwarranted because global warming had become a high-profile issue and the Democratic Congress was preparing to act.
1584:
central to economic modernization and environmental protection. Together they allow people to mitigate climate change, to spare nature, and to alleviate global poverty.
1389:
280:
alleged that the Breakthrough Institute is an example of a think tank which lacks intellectual rigour, promoting contrarianist reasoning and cherry picking evidence.
713:
1113:
1500:
economy, and herald a "politics of possibility" — one of hope and renewal — to overcome global warming and allow America to become, once again, a great nation.
20:
555:"violates everything we know about ecosystems, energy, population, and natural resources," and "Far from being an ecological statement of principles, the
1094:
1465:
1370:
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1715:
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in response, criticizing "Death" for demanding increased technological innovation rather than addressing the systemic concerns of people of color.
216:. The Breakthrough Institute has argued that climate policy should be focused on higher levels of public funding on technology innovation to "make
1597:
236:
Breakthrough Institute maintains programs in energy, conservation, and food. Their website states that the energy research is “focused on making
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than most other nations. In turn, Shellenberger and Nordhaus seek to move away from proven Environmental Justice tactics, "calling for a
1730:
1720:
1063:
1675:
1139:
911:
617:
1625:"Decoupled ideals: 'Ecomodernist Manifesto' reframes sustainable development, but the goal remains the same." (21 April 2015).
530:
wrote "It's inclusive, it's exciting, and it gives environmentalists something to fight for for a change." The science journal
1516:
1397:
1159:
594:"among the most complete efforts to provide a fresh answer to" the question of how to modernize liberal thought, and the
570:
nuclear reinforce centralized power, the military-industrial complex, and the inequalities of corporate globalization."
1656:
1532:
1353:
961:
The Madhouse Effect: How Climate Change Denial Is Threatening Our Planet, Destroying Our Politics, and Driving Us Crazy
936:
205:
559:
merely rehashes the naĂŻve belief that technology will save us and that human ingenuity can never fail." Further, "The
891:
1271:
248:.” The conservation work “seeks to offer pragmatic new frameworks and tools for navigating" the challenges of the
209:
110:
Ted Nordhaus (Founder, executive director), Alex Trembath (Deputy director), Kathryn Salam (Executive editor)
1314:
1253:
438:
324:
1469:
1446:
834:(2007). "Climate Change, Environmental Aesthetics, and Global Environmental Justice Cultural Studies".
288:
257:
194:
807:
673:
551:
led a group of environmental scholars in a critique, arguing that Ecomodernism as presented in the
543:
was met with critiques similar to Gelobter's evaluation of "Death" and Sze and Ziser's analysis of
371:
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389:
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called it "the most promising effort at self-criticism by our liberal cousins in a long time".
167:
135:
66:
1483:
1289:
Ted Nordhaus and Michael Shellenberger, "Second Life: A Manifeto for a New Environmentalism,"
1419:
500:
467:
In April 2015, "An Ecomodernist Manifesto" was issued by John Asafu-Adjaye, Linus Blomqvist,
411:
143:
52:
1137:
Debunking Shellenberger & Nordhaus: Part I: The death of 'The Death of Environmentalism'
645:
496:
380:
253:
213:
204:
Nordhaus and Shellenberger have written on the subjects ranging from positive treatment of
139:
1466:"The Soul of Environmentalism Rediscovering transformational politics in the 21st century"
792:
Friedman, Lisa (July 26, 2011). "'Climate pragmatists' call for an end to Kyoto process".
8:
548:
352:
The Soul of Environmentalism: Rediscovering transformational politics in the 21st century
313:
190:
27:
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nonprofit organization and is supported by various public institutions and individuals.
1315:
Ted Nordhaus and Michael Shellenberger, "How to Change the Global Energy Conversation,
1037:
859:
851:
622:
518:
359:
1641:
1627:
1349:
1304:
Richard Harris, "Putting a Financial Spin on Global Warming," NPR News, June 24, 2009
1227:
985:
887:
863:
779:
Samuelsohn, Daren (July 26, 2011). "Report: Treat climate change like 'Fight Club'".
627:
424:
333:
The paper was criticized by members of the mainstream environmental movement. Former
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Break Through: From the Death of Environmentalism to the Politics of Possibility
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Break Through: From the Death of Environmentalism to the Politics of Possibility
283:
The institute has also been criticized for promoting industrial agriculture and
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659:
512:
416:
284:
245:
241:
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989:
847:
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527:
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325:"The Death of Environmentalism: Global Warming in a Post-Environmental World"
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94:
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237:
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174:
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147:
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56:
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1390:"Ted Nordhaus and Michael Shellenberger - Heroes of the Environment 2008"
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430:
334:
308:
855:
547:. Environmental historian Jeremy Caradonna and environmental economist
488:
480:
342:
1330:
831:
687:
584:, which aims to "modernize political thought for the 21st century".
16:
Environmental research center in Berkeley, California, United States
1114:"Manifesto Calls for an End to "People Are Bad" Environmentalism."
1064:"Is the "Ecomodernist Manifesto" the Future of Environmentalism?"
910:
Caradonna, Jeremy L.; Norgaard, Richard B.; Borowy, Iris (2015).
1657:"Breakthrough Journal: Has Liberalism Entered a Post-Obama Era?"
1189:"Why I've avoided commenting on Nisbet's 'Climate Shift' report"
1018:
The Lowdown on Doomsday: Why the public shrugs at global warming
937:"The Breakthrough Institute's Inconvenient History with Al Gore"
1711:
Environmental organizations based in the San Francisco Bay Area
1695:
884:
Against the Anthropocene: Visual Culture and Environment Today
119:
1463:
1160:"Some thoughts on "Pandora's Promise" and the nuclear debate"
808:"Fighting Climate Change by Not Focusing on Climate Change"
220:
cheap", and has been critical of climate policies such as
1346:
Ecomodernism: Technology, Politics and The Climate Crisis
395:
378:
In 2007, Nordhaus and Shellenberger published their book
563:
suffers from factual errors and misleading statements."
462:
909:
580:
In 2011, Breakthrough published the first issue of the
368:
more convincing in its case for a change in rhetoric."
1560:
1447:"Paper Sets Off a Debate on Environmentalism's Future"
618:"Paper Sets Off a Debate on Environmentalism's Future"
402:
on his "recommended reading list" for climate change.
240:
cheap through technology innovation to deal with both
21:
Breakthrough - National Centre for Climate Restoration
1228:"Technological Solutions to Environmental Challenges"
177:. Others associated with Breakthrough include former
1371:"Thinkers take liberalism apart in order to save it"
350:
and other environmental experts and academics wrote
161:
912:"A Degrowth Response to an Ecomodernist Manifesto"
405:However, Julie Sze and Michael Ziser argued that
1702:
1095:/ 'A Call to Look Past Sustainable Development."
733:"The Great Schism in the Environmental Movement"
1517:Review: Why get so heated about global warming?
499:, Rachel Pritzker, Joyashree Roy, Mark Sagoff,
398:'s science correspondent Richard Harris listed
90:2054 University Ave, Berkeley, California 94704
1595:
1598:"A Call to Look Past Sustainable Development"
1033:"A Climate Change Reading List For Laypeople"
714:"A Call to Look Past Sustainable Development"
19:For the Australian Breakthrough Centre visit
166:The Breakthrough institute is registered as
231:
1589:
1444:
638:
615:
1533:Life After the Death of Environmentalism
1445:Barringer, Felicity (February 6, 2005).
1368:
975:
829:
652:
616:Barringer, Felicity (February 6, 2005).
287:while also accepting donations from the
1726:International educational organizations
1716:Research institutes established in 2003
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1157:
573:
341:praised the authors' arguments. Former
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1180:
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1127:
1125:
976:Yglesias, Matthew (January 13, 2008).
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173:Breakthrough's executive director is
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818:
13:
1103:
1093:Porter, Eduardo (April 14, 2015).
1084:
1053:
1022:
1003:
966:
947:
922:
900:
870:
731:Kloor, Keith (December 12, 2012).
712:Porter, Eduardo (April 15, 2015).
14:
1742:
1731:International research institutes
1721:Environmental research institutes
1689:
1674:Hayward, Steven (July 18, 2011).
1596:Eduardo Porter (April 14, 2015).
1252:Totty, Michael (April 17, 2010).
1187:Roberts, David (April 27, 2011).
1158:Roberts, David (June 14, 2013).
1112:Holthaus, Eric (20 April 2015).
162:Organization, funding and people
150:, The institute is aligned with
1667:
1655:Schmitt, Mark (June 30, 2011).
1648:
1634:
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1521:
1505:
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1369:Garofoli, Joe (June 16, 2011).
1362:
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1245:
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1206:
799:
786:
319:
214:planetary boundaries hypothesis
1676:"An Environmental Reformation"
1388:Walsh, Bryan (July 29, 2009).
806:Walsh, Bryan (July 26, 2011).
773:
743:
724:
705:
680:
252:, offering up nuclear energy,
1:
886:. MIT Press. pp. 46–49.
814:– via content.time.com.
648:. The Breakthrough Institute.
603:
536:editorialized the manifesto.
1214:"The Breakthrough Institute"
963:. Columbia University Press.
674:"The Breakthrough Institute"
660:"The Breakthrough Institute"
439:Center for American Progress
267:
7:
1568:"An Ecomodernist Manifesto"
463:"An Ecomodernist Manifesto"
10:
1747:
1488:The Breakthrough Institute
1484:"'Break Through' The Book"
1232:The Breakthrough Institute
692:The Breakthrough Institute
289:Nathan Cummings Foundation
258:genetically modified foods
25:
18:
1554:January 31, 2009, at the
1549:The Consultants' Republic
1344:Symons, Jonathan (2019).
1333:. Breakthrough Institute.
1254:"Nuclear's Fall—and Rise"
1142:December 7, 2008, at the
751:"Orion Magazine - Evolve"
114:
104:
82:
72:
62:
48:
40:
1420:"Dead movement walking?"
1260:– via www.wsj.com.
848:10.1353/dis.2007.a266843
26:Not to be confused with
1644:. Breakthrough Journal.
1513:San Francisco Chronicle
1468:. Grist. Archived from
1375:San Francisco Chronicle
1041:. December 3, 2009. NPR
1014:The Wall Street Journal
646:"Michael Shellenberger"
483:, Christopher Foreman,
449:San Francisco Chronicle
435:US Department of Energy
390:The Wall Street Journal
232:Programs and philosophy
197:, and environmentalist
152:ecomodernist philosophy
1696:Breakthrough Institute
978:"Beyond Mother Nature"
437:official now with the
189:, political scientist
136:environmental research
132:Breakthrough Institute
67:Environmental research
36:Breakthrough Institute
1272:"Boundary conditions"
501:Michael Shellenberger
412:environmental justice
254:synthetic fertilizers
144:Michael Shellenberger
142:. Founded in 2007 by
53:Michael Shellenberger
1293:, September 24, 2007
1216:. Charity Navigator.
1016:, 27 November 2007,
959:; Tom Toles (2016).
592:Breakthrough Journal
582:Breakthrough Journal
575:Breakthrough Journal
497:Roger A. Pielke, Jr.
285:processed foodstuffs
212:to critiques of the
140:Berkeley, California
1531:, 11 October 2007,
1319:, November 28, 2012
1317:Wall Street Journal
1258:Wall Street Journal
549:Richard B. Norgaard
191:Roger A. Pielke Jr.
37:
28:Breakthrough Energy
1602:The New York Times
1545:Harvard Law Review
1515:, 7 October 2007,
1451:The New York Times
1426:. January 14, 2005
1135:, 3 October 2007,
1098:The New York Times
1038:Talk of the Nation
982:The New York Times
941:ethics.harvard.edu
882:Demos, TJ (2017).
761:on January 7, 2012
623:The New York Times
519:The New York Times
457:Harvard Law Review
360:The New York Times
303:or incentives for
294:Climate scientist
138:center located in
35:
1529:American Prospect
1472:on July 11, 2005.
943:. April 14, 2014.
755:Orionmagazine.org
453:American Prospect
425:Hurricane Katrina
181:executive editor
128:
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1572:Ecomodernism.org
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1400:on July 29, 2009
1396:. Archived from
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842:(2/3): 384–410.
830:Ziser, Michael;
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