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Natural laminar flow is opposed to hybrid laminar flow artificially induced through hardware. It is difficult to industrialise a wing smooth enough to sustain the laminar flow in operation, due to having very low design and manufacturing tolerances, leading-edge retractable slats, and fasteners, that
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is around 20° for a Mach 0.75 cruise, instead of 30° for a Mach 0.82–0.84 cruise. Laminar flow is expected along 50% of chord length instead of just aft of the leading edge, halving the wing
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and metallic right wing leading edge have small differences in aerodynamic effects. The aerodynamic benefits could be sustained at Mach 0.78 up from Mach 0.75 and next-generation
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In April 2018, after 66 flight hours, drag reduction is better than expected at 10% and laminar flow is more stable than anticipated, including when the
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and flexes. Both wings with their carbon fibre upper sustainably generate the desired effect, while the carbon fibre left wing
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robust enough, and can withstand surface deformations and dirt, de-icing fluid, and rain-droplet contamination.
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upper laminar flow surface is isolated from the rest of the wing and has two ailerons on each side. Its
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176:"Airbus' "BLADE" laminar flow wing demonstrator makes first flight"
233:"ANALYSIS: Why Airbus foresees laminar wings on next-gen aircraft"
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210:"Researchers Combine Actuators, Smart Materials To Morph Wing"
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The 9 m (30 ft) metallic outboard section with a
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191:"ILA: Airbus encouraged by laminar-winged A340 trial"
158:"Airbus readies laminar-winged A340 for test flights"
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Tests will continue until 2019 and will include wing
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Breakthrough
Laminar Aircraft Demonstrator in Europe
289:Pan-European trade and professional organizations
104:The demonstrator took off on 26 September, 2017.
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178:(Press release). Airbus. 26 September 2017.
279:European Union and science and technology
254:2010s international experimental aircraft
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136:should be flight tested from May 2020.
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28:framework to flight-test experimental
284:International aviation organizations
214:Aviation Week & Space Technology
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294:Research and development in Europe
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14:
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231:Michael Gubisch (10 July 2018).
189:Michael Gubisch (26 Apr 2018).
119:could use from the late 2020s.
66:carbon fiber reinforced plastic
208:Thierry Dubois (Jan 8, 2018).
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156:Michael Gubisch (4 Sep 2017).
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274:European Commission projects
24:project within the European
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264:Air pollution organizations
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36:from September 2017.
32:wing sections on an
100:flight demonstrator
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299:Research projects
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225:Further reading
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59:aerodynamically
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134:Morphing flaps
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20:(BLADE) is an
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74:friction drag
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259:Aerodynamics
237:Flightglobal
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195:Flightglobal
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162:Flightglobal
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126:and a fixed
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113:leading edge
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84:km) sector.
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52:wing section
50:laminar flow
30:laminar-flow
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269:Airbus A340
128:Krüger flap
109:wing twists
88:Development
248:Categories
140:References
70:wing sweep
80:nm (1,480
48:The left
26:Clean Sky
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40:Design
22:Airbus
98:A340
96:The
34:A340
16:The
57:is
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148:^
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