20:
1819:
language from which Breton arose and became standardised as grammatical processes as the language developed. Similar phonological processes continued to affect Breton and cause changes to word-initial sounds, but they are usually applied based on the phonology of the preceding word and not on its
1975:
Breton has a series of 'interchangeable' consonants, composed of plosives and fricatives. When these sounds occur word-finally, they may be pronounced voiceless or voiced depending on the word that follows:
710:
The soft mutation is by far the most frequent mutation in Breton, both in terms of the number of consonants it affects and the number of environments in which it occurs.
2378:
Some processes which are properly part of external sandhi have become crystallised in the written language, whilst others have not.
482:
The role which initial mutations play in Breton grammar can be divided into three categories (which are not mutually exclusive):
426:
404:
2114:
2089:
174:
1820:
function. Because of this, they cannot be described as true initial mutations and are more properly aspects of
2346:
In Old and Middle Breton, it was extremely rare to write the consonant mutations. Around the 17th century, the
2123:
1053:
2164:
2098:
467:
448:
294:
272:
2372:
2303:
2288:
2245:
2232:
2217:
2204:
1893:
1883:
1351:
2039:
2014:
1469:
In the spoken language the spirant mutation is usually replaced with the soft mutation after numerals.
338:
328:
284:
190:
154:
2173:
2171:
2162:
2146:
2139:
2137:
2121:
2112:
2096:
2087:
2071:
2062:
2046:
2037:
2021:
2012:
465:
446:
436:
424:
414:
402:
392:
382:
380:
370:
358:
348:
336:
326:
316:
314:
304:
292:
282:
270:
260:
246:
244:
234:
224:
210:
208:
198:
188:
172:
162:
152:
2422:
59:
2417:
2064:
2048:
2023:
1092:
372:
306:
262:
226:
200:
164:
2329:
2148:
360:
1815:
All of the consonant mutations described above began as simple phonological processes in the
888:
438:
2073:
350:
236:
8:
920:
543:– these occur after the articles and in postposed adjectives to mark gender and number.
51:
76:
The mutations are divided into four main groups, according to the changes they cause:
2358:
1841:
1816:
43:
2392:
63:
47:
2192:
written but occur regularly, regardless of how the final consonant is spelled:
1961:
Although this is the same process seen in the spirant mutation (e.g. following
1837:
1833:
1305:
it causes the soft mutation wherever possible, but when the first word ends in
24:
2361:, to make recognition easier. This is largely confined to proper nouns (e.g.
120:(or incomplete) mutations which affect only certain words or certain letters.
2411:
551:
458:
416:
394:
2388:
1967:"our"), it is really an external sandhi which has become fixed in writing.
519:
29:
788:
and a few others do not mutate after the articles. A notable exception is
2400:
820:
579:
501:
815:
The following grammatical words cause mutations to a following word:
1299:
These mutations are limited. When the first word ends in a vowel or
67:
54:, which are changes to the initial sound of a word caused by certain
1856:). But there was assimilation of the voiced plosives, particularly
1877:"the door" but can still be heard dialectally in other words, e.g.
73:
features caused when certain sounds come into contact with others.
2328:
More information on this phenomenon can be found in the thesis of
1991:
when the following word begins with a voiced consonant or a vowel.
1864:
to a preceding nasal and this was often written in Middle Breton.
659:"her") and are useful in the comprehension of the spoken language.
2350:
started to learn Breton and introduced the writing of mutations.
2347:
1180:
2263:
When two equivalent or identical consonants come together (e.g.
1254:
Adjectives following masculine plural nouns referring to people:
1844:, where it was replaced by the Spirant Mutation (compare Welsh
1148:
70:
55:
19:
1984:
when the word is followed by a voiceless sound or a pause.
1970:
718:
1995:
The table below shows the 'interchangeable' consonants:
489:– these occur systematically after certain words called
647:– these mark the distinction between homophones (e.g.
2409:
1810:
128:The main mutations cause the following changes:
27:in Breton and French, showing soft mutation of
1231:Adjectives following feminine singular nouns:
1222:
2387:
2362:
2333:
2297:
2282:
2240:
2226:
2212:
2198:
1962:
1946:
1934:
1923:
1917:
1887:
1878:
1868:
1851:
1795:
1783:
1766:
1754:
1743:
1737:
1707:
1695:
1683:
1671:
1665:
1659:
1653:
1647:
1630:
1618:
1594:
1588:
1579:
1573:
1556:
1544:
1523:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1454:
1442:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1408:
1391:
1379:
1367:
1355:
1345:
1339:
1333:
1310:
1300:
1284:
1261:
1238:
1207:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1163:
1151:
1131:
1119:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1075:
1062:
1056:
1036:
1024:
1012:
1000:
994:
988:
982:
976:
970:
953:
941:
929:
923:
903:
891:
871:
859:
853:
847:
841:
835:
829:
823:
798:
789:
769:
746:
730:
724:
694:
684:
676:
666:
654:
648:
624:
618:
612:
606:
598:
584:
562:
556:
524:
506:
111:
101:
91:
81:
34:
2341:
1845:
123:
493:, of which there are around 100 in Breton.
2353:Sometimes, the mutated letter is written
477:
62:environments. In addition, Breton, like
16:Consonant mutation in the Breton language
1904:Today, a number of nouns beginning with
18:
2357:the radical letter in the style of the
762:Masculine plural nouns denoting people:
2410:
1472:
719:After definite and indefinite articles
2006:
2003:
2000:
1486:occurs following the infixed pronoun
1318:
810:
541:Gender-number-distinctive mutations
13:
2335:Le système consonantique du Breton
14:
2434:
2371:"the virgin Maria" is pronounced
1899:
1732:The mixed mutation occurs after:
1727:
1722:
1608:
1323:
1603:
705:
1827:
1328:The mutation occurs following:
1315:change in the following words.
713:
116:). There are also a number of
1886:"one" (lit. "the person") and
1867:Today it is only written with
487:Linking (or contact) mutations
1:
2381:
2257:
1840:never occurred in Breton and
1811:Mutations and external sandhi
1804:"I would be happy if he came"
1775:"I believe that he will come"
1227:The soft mutation occurs in:
739:Most feminine singular nouns:
2275:consonants become voiceless:
1971:"Interchangeable" consonants
735:cause the soft mutation of:
7:
2181:⟨s(h) / z(h)⟩
1613:The mutation is caused by:
1277:Nouns following adjectives:
52:initial consonant mutations
10:
2439:
1223:After adjectives and nouns
103:kemmadurioù c'hwezhadenniñ
1128:"he was old when he died"
66:, has a number of purely
2342:Orthography of mutations
1664:with verbal particles),
1504:with verbal particles),
1332:The possessive pronouns
645:Mutations of recognition
597:"the small country" but
124:Summary of sound changes
93:kemmadurioù dre galetaat
1916:following the articles
1140:"one person or another"
1045:"may he return quickly"
83:kemmadurioù dre vlotaat
2363:
2334:
2298:
2283:
2241:
2227:
2213:
2199:
2131:⟨ch / j⟩
1963:
1947:
1935:
1924:
1918:
1888:
1879:
1869:
1852:
1846:
1796:
1784:
1767:
1755:
1744:
1738:
1708:
1696:
1684:
1672:
1666:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1631:
1619:
1595:
1589:
1580:
1574:
1557:
1545:
1524:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1488:
1455:
1443:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1409:
1392:
1380:
1368:
1356:
1346:
1340:
1334:
1311:
1301:
1285:
1262:
1239:
1208:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1164:
1152:
1132:
1120:
1108:
1102:
1096:
1076:
1063:
1057:
1037:
1025:
1013:
1001:
995:
989:
983:
977:
971:
954:
942:
930:
924:
904:
892:
872:
860:
854:
848:
842:
836:
830:
824:
799:
790:
770:
747:
731:
725:
695:
685:
677:
667:
655:
649:
625:
623:"the grandfather" and
619:
613:
607:
599:
585:
578:
563:
557:
550:
525:
518:
507:
500:
478:Functions of mutations
112:
102:
92:
82:
39:
35:
28:
2316:Some words ending in
2106:⟨f / v⟩
2081:⟨k / g⟩
2056:⟨t / d⟩
2031:⟨p / b⟩
1850:"my dog" with Breton
1763:"I am going to Brest"
1736:The verbal particles
969:The verbal particles
889:interrogative pronoun
784:Nouns beginning with
723:The definite article
603:"the small countries"
22:
1716:"my brother saw you"
1309:only the consonants
561:"the nice boy", but
50:is characterised by
2156:⟨c'h⟩
1617:Possessive pronoun
1587:following the days
1473:Defective mutations
1307:any other consonant
1061:"two (masculine)",
921:possessive pronouns
729:and the indefinite
25:bilingual road sign
2188:These changes are
1797:laouen e vefen ma
1652:"you (singular)" (
1352:Trégorrois dialect
693:"their house" but
675:"his brother" but
113:kemmadurioù mesket
40:
2373:/ˌitˈrõːnˈvarˌja/
2330:François Falc'hun
2186:
2185:
1670:"to your (sg.)",
1578:"Easter" becomes
1543:occurs following
1413:"three (masc.)",
1350:"my" and (in the
1247:"beautiful chair"
1067:"two (feminine)":
637:"the grandmother"
475:
474:
2430:
2404:
2393:Everson, Michael
2374:
2370:
2359:Gaelic languages
2337:
2309:
2301:
2294:
2286:
2251:
2244:
2238:
2230:
2223:
2216:
2210:
2202:
2182:
2177:
2168:
2157:
2152:
2143:
2132:
2127:
2118:
2107:
2102:
2093:
2082:
2077:
2068:
2057:
2052:
2043:
2032:
2027:
2018:
1998:
1997:
1966:
1954:
1942:
1927:
1921:
1895:
1891:
1885:
1882:
1876:
1855:
1849:
1836:which occurs in
1817:Common Brittonic
1803:
1787:
1782:The conjunction
1774:
1768:krediñ a ran e
1762:
1747:
1741:
1715:
1703:
1691:
1676:"in your (sg.)":
1675:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1651:
1646:Infixed pronoun
1638:
1623:"your (plural)":
1622:
1598:
1592:
1586:
1577:
1564:
1548:
1531:
1515:
1509:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1478:The mutation of
1462:
1450:
1430:
1425:"four (masc.)",
1424:
1419:"three (fem.)",
1418:
1412:
1399:
1387:
1375:
1359:
1349:
1343:
1337:
1319:Spirant mutation
1314:
1304:
1292:
1269:
1246:
1216:"all the houses"
1215:
1199:
1193:
1187:
1171:
1155:
1139:
1127:
1111:
1105:
1099:
1083:
1066:
1060:
1044:
1042:euio buan en-dro
1032:
1020:
1004:
998:
992:
986:
980:
974:
961:
949:
933:
927:
911:
895:
879:
863:
857:
851:
845:
839:
833:
827:
811:After proclitics
806:
796:
777:
754:
734:
728:
698:
692:
680:
674:
658:
652:
636:
622:
616:
610:
602:
596:
583:"country" (f.):
574:
560:
532:
514:
471:
452:
442:
430:
420:
408:
398:
386:
376:
364:
354:
342:
332:
320:
310:
298:
288:
276:
266:
250:
240:
230:
214:
204:
194:
178:
168:
158:
131:
130:
115:
105:
98:spirant mutation
95:
85:
44:Celtic languages
42:Like all modern
38:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2427:
2423:Morphophonology
2408:
2407:
2384:
2344:
2324:resist voicing.
2260:
2180:
2155:
2130:
2105:
2080:
2055:
2030:
1987:The sounds are
1980:The sounds are
1973:
1902:
1830:
1822:external sandhi
1813:
1730:
1725:
1692:"in your hands"
1611:
1606:
1475:
1431:"four (fem.)",
1326:
1321:
1312:g-, gw-, m-, b-
1270:"good brothers"
1225:
1194:"those, ones",
813:
778:"the Frenchmen"
721:
716:
708:
600:ar broioù bihan
575:"the nice boys"
480:
126:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2436:
2426:
2425:
2420:
2418:Breton grammar
2406:
2405:
2397:Breton Grammar
2383:
2380:
2343:
2340:
2326:
2325:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2295:
2277:
2276:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2252:
2224:
2203:"good priest"
2184:
2183:
2178:
2169:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2144:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2119:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2094:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2069:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2044:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2019:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1993:
1992:
1985:
1972:
1969:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1944:
1901:
1900:Spirantisation
1898:
1834:nasal mutation
1829:
1826:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1790:
1789:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1764:
1749:
1748:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1723:Mixed mutation
1721:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1705:
1704:"to your boat"
1693:
1678:
1677:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1639:"your brother"
1625:
1624:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1551:
1550:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1518:
1517:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1452:
1451:"three houses"
1437:
1436:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1389:
1377:
1362:
1361:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1302:-l, -r, -m, -n
1297:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1293:"in few words"
1279:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1233:
1232:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1202:
1201:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1158:
1157:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1129:
1114:
1113:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1069:
1068:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1034:
1022:
1021:"I see people"
1007:
1006:
966:
965:
964:
963:
951:
936:
935:
916:
915:
914:
913:
898:
897:
884:
883:
882:
881:
866:
865:
812:
809:
782:
781:
780:
779:
764:
763:
759:
758:
757:
756:
741:
740:
720:
717:
715:
712:
707:
704:
703:
702:
701:
700:
682:
661:
660:
641:
640:
639:
638:
604:
576:
545:
544:
537:
536:
535:
534:
516:
495:
494:
479:
476:
473:
472:
462:
455:
453:
443:
432:
431:
421:
411:
409:
399:
388:
387:
377:
367:
365:
355:
344:
343:
333:
323:
321:
311:
300:
299:
289:
279:
277:
267:
256:
255:
253:
251:
241:
231:
220:
219:
217:
215:
205:
195:
184:
183:
181:
179:
169:
159:
148:
147:
144:
141:
138:
135:
125:
122:
108:mixed mutation
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2435:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2389:Hemon, Roparz
2386:
2385:
2379:
2376:
2369:
2367:
2360:
2356:
2351:
2349:
2339:
2336:
2331:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2314:
2307:
2302:"a year ago"
2300:
2296:
2292:
2285:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2261:
2249:
2243:
2236:
2231:"ten people"
2229:
2225:
2221:
2215:
2208:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2179:
2175:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2160:
2154:
2150:
2145:
2141:
2136:
2135:
2129:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2110:
2104:
2100:
2095:
2091:
2086:
2085:
2079:
2075:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2060:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2035:
2029:
2025:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2010:
1999:
1996:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1968:
1965:
1953:
1951:
1945:
1941:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1920:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1908:
1897:
1890:
1881:
1875:
1873:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1848:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1825:
1823:
1818:
1802:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1780:
1773:
1771:
1765:
1761:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1740:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1714:
1712:
1706:
1702:
1700:
1694:
1690:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1668:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1645:
1644:
1637:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1615:
1614:
1604:Hard mutation
1597:
1593:"Sunday" and
1591:
1585:
1583:
1576:
1571:
1570:
1563:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1538:
1537:
1532:"in my house"
1530:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1470:
1461:
1459:
1453:
1449:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1407:The numerals
1406:
1405:
1398:
1396:
1390:
1386:
1384:
1378:
1374:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1342:
1336:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1316:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1291:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1268:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1245:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1214:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1170:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1145:
1138:
1136:
1130:
1126:
1124:
1121:kozh e oa pa
1118:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1104:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1082:
1080:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1043:
1041:
1035:
1033:"do not sing"
1031:
1029:
1023:
1019:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1003:
997:
991:
985:
979:
973:
968:
967:
960:
958:
952:
948:
946:
940:
939:
938:
937:
932:
926:
922:
918:
917:
910:
908:
902:
901:
900:
899:
894:
890:
886:
885:
880:"to Cornwall"
878:
876:
870:
869:
868:
867:
862:
856:
850:
844:
838:
832:
826:
822:
818:
817:
816:
808:
805:
803:
795:
793:
787:
776:
774:
768:
767:
766:
765:
761:
760:
753:
751:
745:
744:
743:
742:
738:
737:
736:
733:
727:
711:
706:Soft mutation
697:
691:
689:
683:
681:"her brother"
679:
673:
671:
665:
664:
663:
662:
657:
651:
646:
643:
642:
635:
633:
629:
621:
615:
609:
605:
601:
595:
593:
589:
582:
581:
577:
573:
571:
567:
559:
558:ar paotr brav
554:
553:
549:
548:
547:
546:
542:
539:
538:
533:"two mothers"
531:
529:
522:
521:
517:
515:"your father"
513:
511:
504:
503:
499:
498:
497:
496:
492:
488:
485:
484:
483:
469:
463:
460:
456:
454:
450:
444:
440:
434:
433:
428:
422:
418:
412:
410:
406:
400:
396:
390:
389:
384:
378:
374:
368:
366:
362:
356:
352:
346:
345:
340:
334:
330:
324:
322:
318:
312:
308:
302:
301:
296:
290:
286:
280:
278:
274:
268:
264:
258:
257:
254:
252:
248:
242:
238:
232:
228:
222:
221:
218:
216:
212:
206:
202:
196:
192:
186:
185:
182:
180:
176:
170:
166:
160:
156:
150:
149:
145:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
121:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
88:hard mutation
84:
79:
78:soft mutation
74:
72:
69:
65:
61:
60:morphological
57:
53:
49:
45:
37:
32:
31:
26:
21:
2396:
2377:
2365:
2354:
2352:
2345:
2327:
2321:
2317:
2305:
2290:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2247:
2234:
2219:
2206:
2189:
2187:
2007:Orthography
1994:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1960:
1949:
1943:"the castle"
1937:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1857:
1831:
1828:Nasalisation
1821:
1814:
1798:
1769:
1760:ont da Vrest
1757:
1731:
1728:Environments
1710:
1709:va breur az
1698:
1686:
1633:
1612:
1609:Environments
1581:
1559:
1540:
1539:Mutation of
1526:
1510:"to my" and
1483:
1479:
1468:
1457:
1445:
1432:
1394:
1382:
1376:"her father"
1370:
1327:
1324:Environments
1306:
1298:
1287:
1264:
1241:
1226:
1210:
1200:"that, one":
1166:
1134:
1122:
1100:"if, when",
1093:conjunctions
1078:
1039:
1027:
1015:
962:"his father"
956:
944:
906:
874:
821:prepositions
814:
801:
791:
785:
783:
772:
749:
722:
714:Environments
709:
699:"your house"
687:
669:
653:"his" &
644:
631:
627:
591:
587:
569:
565:
555:"boy" (m.):
540:
527:
509:
490:
486:
481:
127:
117:
107:
97:
87:
77:
75:
68:phonological
41:
2403:: Evertype.
2287:"ten beds"
1894:/mˈnak(ət)/
1463:"nine fish"
1388:"their son"
1172:"too small"
1084:"two girls"
950:"your head"
912:"what man?"
797:("door") →
620:an tad kozh
523:"mother" →
505:"father" →
2412:Categories
2382:References
2258:Exceptions
2214:beleg kozh
2001:Voiceless
1922:"the" and
1910:change to
1889:bennak(et)
755:"a mother"
134:Unmutated
2299:bloaz 'zo
2284:dek gwele
2200:beleg mat
1982:voiceless
1955:"a horse"
1832:The true
1599:"Monday".
1572:The word
1565:"our car"
1263:breudeur
118:defective
56:syntactic
2401:Co. Mayo
2395:(2007).
1884:/annẽːn/
1756:emaon o
1516:"in my":
1400:"my dog"
1344:"their,
1209:an holl
1181:pronouns
1054:numerals
1030:anit ket
928:"your",
775:allaoued
732:ul/un/ur
726:al/an/ar
678:he breur
491:mutators
140:Spirant
80:(Breton
2348:Jesuits
2242:dek tad
2228:dek den
2004:Voiced
1892:"some"
1853:ma c'hi
1847:fy nghi
1842:Cornish
1435:"nine":
1338:"her",
1286:e berr
1188:"all",
1133:den pe
1112:"while"
896:"what":
568:aotred
2364:Itron
2355:before
2293:weːle/
2218:/bɛːlɛ
2205:/bɛːlɛ
1989:voiced
1940:astell
1880:an den
1689:aouarn
1549:"our":
1492:"me" (
1360:"our":
1240:kador
1156:"too":
1149:adverb
1106:"or",
1014:tud a
934:"his":
849:dindan
146:Mixed
106:) and
71:sandhi
64:French
48:Breton
2368:Maria
2304:/blwa
2250:tɑːt/
2237:dẽːn/
2222:koːs/
2209:mɑːt/
2190:never
1928:"a":
1838:Welsh
1713:welas
1697:da'z
1428:peder
1422:pevar
1347:ma/va
1290:omzoù
1125:arvas
1081:lac'h
1002:en em
877:ernev
861:en ur
696:ho ti
552:paotr
143:Hard
137:Soft
2322:ch/j
2289:/deː
2273:both
2246:/deː
2239:vs.
2233:/deː
2211:vs.
1952:ezeg
1801:eufe
1788:"if"
1772:euio
1742:and
1667:da'z
1636:reur
1575:Pask
1558:hor
1507:da'm
1482:and
1456:nav
1444:tri
1416:teir
1385:aotr
1197:hini
1185:holl
1179:The
1169:ihan
1147:The
1091:The
1077:div
1058:daou
1052:The
1018:elan
919:The
887:The
819:The
672:reur
630:amm
614:mamm
611:and
594:ihan
526:div
520:mamm
457:Mh /
379:C'h
357:C'h
243:C'h
36:gozh
30:kozh
2375:).
2320:or
2318:s/z
2271:),
2269:z/z
2267:or
2265:p/b
1964:hor
1950:c'h
1948:ur
1938:c'h
1936:ar
1913:c'h
1870:an
1685:ez
1632:ho
1596:Lun
1590:Sul
1584:ask
1562:arr
1560:c'h
1546:hor
1525:em
1460:esk
1433:nav
1410:tri
1395:c'h
1393:ma
1369:he
1357:hon
1244:aer
1213:iez
1165:re
1109:tra
1064:div
1038:ra
1026:na
947:enn
943:da
909:en?
905:pe
873:da
855:eme
843:war
831:dre
800:an
773:C'h
771:ar
752:amm
748:ur
634:ozh
626:ar
608:tad
590:ro
586:ar
580:bro
572:rav
564:ar
530:amm
508:da
502:tad
413:Kw
391:Gw
96:),
86:),
58:or
33:to
2414::
2399:.
2391:;
2338:.
2332::
2308:o/
2306:ss
2291:kk
1925:ur
1919:ar
1896:.
1874:or
1860:,
1824:.
1785:ma
1701:ag
1673:ez
1661:ez
1658:,
1655:az
1649:'z
1620:ho
1513:em
1501:em
1498:,
1495:am
1489:'m
1381:o
1373:ad
1354:)
1335:he
1267:at
1191:re
1153:re
1137:en
1103:pe
1097:pa
999:,
996:ra
993:,
990:ez
987:,
984:na
981:,
978:ne
975:,
959:ad
955:e
925:da
893:pe
858:,
852:,
846:,
840:,
834:,
828:,
825:da
807:.
804:or
794:or
786:d-
686:o
668:e
656:he
617::
512:ad
464:V
461:/
459:ʰm
445:V
435:M
423:W
417:kʷ
401:W
395:ɡʷ
369:K
347:G
335:T
325:T
313:Z
303:D
291:V
281:P
269:V
259:B
233:G
223:K
207:Z
197:D
187:T
171:F
161:B
151:P
46:,
23:A
2366:v
2248:k
2235:ɡ
2220:k
2207:ɡ
2176:/
2174:z
2172:/
2167:/
2165:s
2163:/
2151:/
2149:ɣ
2147:/
2142:/
2140:x
2138:/
2126:/
2124:ʒ
2122:/
2117:/
2115:ʃ
2113:/
2101:/
2099:v
2097:/
2092:/
2090:f
2088:/
2076:/
2074:ɡ
2072:/
2067:/
2065:k
2063:/
2051:/
2049:d
2047:/
2042:/
2040:t
2038:/
2026:/
2024:b
2022:/
2017:/
2015:p
2013:/
1907:k
1872:n
1862:d
1858:b
1799:t
1770:t
1758:v
1745:o
1739:e
1711:k
1699:p
1687:t
1634:p
1582:F
1541:k
1529:i
1527:z
1484:k
1480:t
1458:f
1448:i
1446:z
1397:i
1383:f
1371:z
1341:o
1288:g
1265:v
1242:g
1211:d
1167:v
1135:z
1123:v
1079:b
1074:'
1040:z
1028:g
1016:w
1005::
972:a
957:d
945:b
931:e
907:z
875:G
864::
837:a
802:n
792:d
750:v
690:i
688:z
670:v
650:e
632:g
628:v
592:v
588:v
570:v
566:b
528:v
510:d
470:/
468:v
466:/
451:/
449:v
447:/
441:/
439:m
437:/
429:/
427:w
425:/
419:/
415:/
407:/
405:w
403:/
397:/
393:/
385:/
383:x
381:/
375:/
373:k
371:/
363:/
361:ɣ
359:/
353:/
351:ɡ
349:/
341:/
339:t
337:/
331:/
329:t
327:/
319:/
317:z
315:/
309:/
307:d
305:/
297:/
295:v
293:/
287:/
285:p
283:/
275:/
273:v
271:/
265:/
263:b
261:/
249:/
247:x
245:/
239:/
237:ɡ
235:/
229:/
227:k
225:/
213:/
211:z
209:/
203:/
201:d
199:/
193:/
191:t
189:/
177:/
175:f
173:/
167:/
165:b
163:/
157:/
155:p
153:/
110:(
100:(
90:(
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