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are taken in the country. However, in reality, bribery cannot be addressed only by the "law-enforcement agencies and the courts". Bribery needs to be addressed by informal social norms that set cultural values for the society. Also, the research suggests that the severity of punishment for bribery does very little to prevent people from accepting bribes in Russia. Moreover, the research also revealed that a large number of
Russians, approximately 70% to 77% have never given a bribe. Nevertheless, if a need arises to pay a bribe for a problem, the research found that an overwhelming majority of Russians knew both what the sum of the bribe should be and how to deliver the bribe. The Russian bribe problem reflects that unless there is an active change in all parts of society among both young and old, bribery will remain a major problem in Russian society, even when government officials label it as "marginal social phenomenon".
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increases because incentives are gained through bribery. Second, the home country's import decreases, because domestic firms lose interest in foreign markets, and minimize their import from other countries. Also, in another study, it was found that firms are willing to risk paying higher bribes if the returns are high, even if it involves "risk and consequences of detection and punishment". Additionally, other findings show that, in comparison to public firms, private firms pay most bribes abroad.
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private sectors. There should be "clear code of conducts and strong internal control systems" which would improve the overall public and private system. Furthermore, the research suggests that private and public sectors at home and abroad must work together to limit corruption in home firms and foreign firms. There will be greater transparency and less chances of bribery. Alongside, cross border monitoring should be enhanced to minimize bribery on international level.
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1124:(a tip, gift, or gratuity) or "shay" (literally, "tea"). French-speaking countries often use the expressions "dessous-de-table" ("under-the-table" commissions), "pot-de-vin" (literally, "wine-pot"), or "commission occulte" ("secret commission" or "kickback"). While the last two expressions contain inherently a negative connotation, the expression "dessous-de-table" can be often understood as a commonly accepted business practice. In German, the common term is
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of bribery offences easier since it can be very difficult to prove that two parties (the bribe-giver and the bribe-taker) have formally agreed upon a corrupt deal. Besides, there is often no such formal deal but only a mutual understanding, for instance when it is common knowledge in a municipality that to obtain a building permit one has to pay a "fee" to the decision maker to obtain a favourable decision.
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stalling other normal activities of a firm. The disruption may cause losses to the firm that exceed the amount of money to pay off the official. Bribing the officials is a common way to deal with this issue in countries where there exists no firm system of reporting these semi-illegal activities. A third party, known as a "white glove", may be involved to act as a clean middleman.
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1516:(FCPA) in 1977 to address bribery of foreign officials. FCPA criminalized the influencing of foreign officials by companies through rewards or payments. This legislation dominated international anti-corruption enforcement until around 2010 when other countries began introducing broader and more robust legislation, notably the United Kingdom
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appearance of greediness in the personality of the particular bribe-taker. Largely, it is possible to confine oneself to the motive of greediness only in case if a bribe-taker tries to satisfy the primary (physical) needs. Yet, if money serves to satisfy secondary – psychological – needs, we should search for deeper motives of bribe taking.
1018:
to tackle bribery due to the existence of different societies in different countries. If severe punishment works in one country, it doesn't necessarily mean that severe punishment would work in another country to prevent bribery. Also, the research found that bribery plays a significant role in public and private firms around the world.
1235:. Since that time, the majority of the OECD countries which are signatories of the convention have revised their tax policies according to this recommendation and some have extended the measures to bribes paid to any official, sending the message that bribery will no longer be tolerated in the operations of the government.
1150:, a profit made by an agent, in the course of his employment, without the knowledge of his principal. Euphemisms abound for this (commission, sweetener, kick-back etc.) Bribers and recipients of bribery are likewise numerous although bribers have one common denominator and that is the financial ability to bribe.
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condemns the same kind of offering, giving, or coercing a witness in a legal case to changing their story. Under the U.S Code § 1503, influencing or injuring officer or juror generally, it clearly states that any offense under the section means you can be imprisoned for the maximum of 10 years and/or fined.
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There is no federal statute under the U.S Law that prohibits or regulates any type of private or commercial bribery. There is a way for prosecutors to try people for bribery by using existing laws. Section 1346 of Title 18 can be used by prosecutors, to try people for 'a scheme or artifice to deprive
1206:
contains an exception for "grease payments"; very basically, this allows payments to officials in order to obtain the performance of ministerial acts which they are legally required to do, but may delay in the absence of such payment. In some countries, this practice is the norm, often resulting from
1017:
Society often goes through changes that bring long-lasting positive or negative complications. Similar has been the case with bribery, which brought negative changes to societal norms as well as to trade. The researchers found that when bribery becomes part of social norms, one approach is not enough
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There are also cases of successful prosecution of bribery in the case of international business. The DOJ has used the Travel Act, 18 USC Section 1952 to prosecute bribery. Under the Travel Act, it is against the law, domestically and internationally, to utilize'the mail or any facility in interstate
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and Yan Leung Cheung and Aris
Stouraitis of the Hong Kong Baptist University examines 166 high-profile cases of bribery since 1971, covering payments made in 52 countries by firms listed on 20 different stockmarkets. Bribery offered an average return of 10 to 11 times the value of the bung paid out
1177:
The reason for this dissociation is to make the early steps (offering, promising, requesting an advantage) of a corrupt deal already an offence and, thus, to give a clear signal (from a criminal policy point of view) that bribery is not acceptable. Besides, such a dissociation makes the prosecution
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The research conducted in Russia reflects that "bribery is a marginal social phenomenon" in the view of professional jurists and state employees. The
Russian law recognizes bribery as an official crime. Consequently, legal platforms such as public courts are the only place where anti-bribery steps
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norm (section 6.6.3) or TI Business
Principles for Countering Bribery are used in external verification processes to measure and ensure that a program of bribery prevention works and is consistent with international standards. Another reason for businesses to undergo external verification of their
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Programs of prevention need to be properly designed and meet with international standards of best practice. To ensure respect for a program, whether it be on the part of employees or business partners, external verification is necessary. International best practices such as the
Council for Further
1503:
The research suggests that government should introduce training programs for public officials to help public officials from falling into the trap of bribery. Also, anti-bribery programs should be integrated into education programs. In addition, government should promote good culture in public and
983:
and is not bribery. For example, it is legal for an employee of a Public
Utilities Commission involved in electric rate regulation to accept a rebate on electric service that reduces their cost of electricity, when the rebate is available to other residential electric customers. However, giving a
1247:
According to researchers, bribery has a major impact on a country's trade system. The key findings suggest two possible outcomes when bribery becomes part of country's export system. First, when firms and government officials are involved in bribery in the home country, the home country's export
1181:
When examining the fact of bribe taking, we primarily need to understand that any action is affected by various elements; in addition, all these elements are interrelated. For instance, it would be wrong to indicate that the bribe-taker's motive is greediness as such, without examining causes of
1724:
The research conducted in Papua New Guinea reflects cultural norms as the key reason for corruption. Bribery is a pervasive way of carrying out public services in PNG. Papuans don't consider bribery as an illegal act, they considered bribery as a way of earning "quick money and sustain living".
1424:
In some cases where the system of law is not well-implemented, bribes may be a way for companies to continue their businesses. In the case, for example, custom officials may harass a certain firm or production plant, officially stating they are checking for irregularities, halting production or
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in 2012 found that 15 percent of top financial executives are willing to pay bribes in order to keep or win business. Another 4 percent said they would be willing to misstate financial performance. This alarming indifference represents a huge risk to their business, given their responsibility.
1226:
The tax status of bribes is an issue for governments since the bribery of government officials impedes the democratic process and may interfere with good government. In some countries, such bribes are considered tax-deductible payments. However, in 1996, in an effort to discourage bribery, the
1523:
Under 18 U.S. Code § 201 – Bribery of public officials and witnesses, the law strictly prohibits any type of promising, giving, or offering of value to a public official. A public official is further defined as anyone who holds public or elected office. Another stipulation of the law in place
1131:
The offence may be divided into two great classes: the one, where a person invested with power is induced by payment to use it unjustly; the other, where power is obtained by purchasing the suffrages of those who can impart it. Likewise, the briber might hold a powerful role and control the
1725:
Moreover, the key findings reflect that when corruption becomes a cultural norm, illegal acts such as bribery are not viewed as bad, and the clear boundaries that once distinguished between legal and illegal acts, and decisions are minimized on opinion, rather than on a code of conduct.
1538:
bribery prevention programs is that it means evidence can be provided to assert that all that was possible was done to prevent corruption. Companies are unable to guarantee corruption has never occurred; what they can do is provide evidence that they did their best to prevent it.
1238:
As any monetary benefit received from an illegal activity such as bribery is generally considered part of one's taxable income, however, as it is criminal, some governments may refuse to accept it as income as it may mean they are a party to the activity.
1370:" in which politicians are offered highly-paid, often consultancy jobs upon their retirement from politics by the corporations they regulate while in office, in return for enacting legislation favourable to the corporation while they are in office, a
1279:
Dentists often receive samples of home dental care products such as toothpaste, which are of negligible value; somewhat ironically, dentists in a television commercial will often state that they get these samples but pay to use the sponsor's product.
1160:, efforts have been made in recent years by the international community to encourage countries to dissociate and incriminate as separate offences, active and passive bribery. From a legal point of view, active bribery can be defined for instance as
1374:. Convictions for this form of bribery are easier to obtain with hard evidence, a specific amount of money linked to a specific action by the recipient of the bribe. Such evidence is frequently obtained using undercover agents, since evidence of a
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has published ethical guidelines for gifts from industry which include the tenet that physicians should not accept gifts if they are given in relation to the physician's prescribing practices. Doubtful cases include grants for traveling to medical
1612:
veteran and former
Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from California's 50th Congressional District resigned after pleading guilty to accepting at least $ 2.4 million in bribes and under-reporting his income for
1542:
another of the intangible right to honest services,' under the mail and wire fraud statutes. Prosecutors have always successfully prosecuted private company employees for breaching a fiduciary duty and taking bribes, under Honest services fraud.
1351:. However, in many European countries, a politician accepting money from a corporation whose activities fall under the sector they currently (or are campaigning to be elected to) regulate would be considered a criminal offence, for instance the "
1171:
the request or receipt , directly or indirectly, of any undue advantage, for himself or herself or for anyone else, or the acceptance of an offer or a promise of such an advantage, to act or refrain from acting in the exercise of his or her
1754:
Following are the rates of reported bribery per 100,000 persons in last available year according to the United
Nations. Comparisons between countries are difficult due to large differences in the fraction of unreported bribes.
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A grey area may exist when payments to smooth transactions are made. United States law is particularly strict in limiting the ability of businesses to pay for the awarding of contracts by foreign governments; however, the
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and scoring judges may be offered money, gifts, or other compensation to guarantee a specific outcome in an athletic or other sports competition. A well-known example of this manner of bribery in the sport would be the
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the promising, offering or giving by any person, directly or indirectly, of any undue advantage , for himself or herself or for anyone else, for him or her to act or refrain from acting in the exercise of his or her
1520:. The International Organization for Standardization introduced an international anti-bribery management system standard in 2016. In recent years, cooperation in enforcement action between countries has increased.
978:
Gifts of money or other items of value that are otherwise available to everyone on an equivalent basis, and not for dishonest purposes, are not bribery. Offering a discount or a refund to all purchasers is a legal
1740:, but stopped in 2011. Spokesperson Shubham Kaushik said the organisation "decided to discontinue the survey due to funding issues and to focus on issues that are more in line with our advocacy goals".
1218:
Recent evidence suggests that the act of bribery can have political consequences- with citizens being asked for bribes becoming less likely to identify with their country, region and/or tribal unit.
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of any item of value to influence the actions of an official, or other person, in charge of a public or legal duty and to incline the individual to act contrary to their duty and the known rules of
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Krivins, A. (2018). "The motivational peculiarities of bribe-takers". SHS Web Conf. Volume 40, 2018 - 6th
International Interdisciplinary Scientific Conference SOCIETY. HEALTH. WELFARE
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One must be careful of differing social and cultural norms when examining bribery. Expectations of when a monetary transaction is appropriate can differ from place to place. Political
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to win a contract, measured by the jump in stockmarket value when the contract was won. America's
Department of Justice found similarly high returns in cases it has prosecuted.
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or foreign commerce' with intent to 'promote, manage, establish, carry on, or facilitate the promotion, management, establishment or carrying on, of any unlawful activity'.
1207:
a developing nation not having the tax structure to pay civil servants an adequate salary. Nevertheless, most economists regard bribery as a bad thing because it encourages
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in the form of cash, for example, are considered criminal acts of bribery in some countries, while in the United States, provided they adhere to election law, are legal.
1677:, Republican, former congressman from Arizona's 1st district, found guilty of 17 counts including wire fraud, conspiracy, extortion, racketeering, and money laundering.
1488:, where the French judge in the pairs competition voted for the Russian skaters in order to secure an advantage for the French skaters in the ice dancing competition.
1014:
has a target to substantially reduce corruption and bribery of all forms as part of an international effort aimed at ensuring peace, justice, and strong institutions.
1645:, clothing retailer, was found guilty of making illegal payments and giving gifts to foreign officials in an attempt to circumvent customs inspections and paperwork.
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1568:, was arrested 6 October 2015 and charged, along with five others, in a criminal complaint involving receiving bribes from Macau casino and real estate developer
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it may be customary to offer expensive gifts to doctors and nurses for the delivery of service at any level of medical care in the non-private health sector.
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6246:
984:
discount specifically to that employee to influence them to look favorably on the electric utility's rate increase applications would be considered bribery.
975:. With regard to governmental operations, essentially, bribery is "Corrupt solicitation, acceptance, or transfer of value in exchange for official action."
1711:
house was on the trial for his part in the biggest bribery scandal in Ohio history on 24 January 2023. Prosecutors accused him of taking $ 60m in bribes as
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1007:, objects of value, advantage, or merely a promise to induce or influence the action, vote, or influence of a person in an official or public capacity.
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1558:, Republican, American Vice President who resigned from office in the aftermath of discovery that he took bribes while serving as Governor of Maryland.
205:
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1435:
Contracts based on or involving the payment or transfer of bribes ("corruption money", "secret commissions", "pots-de-vin", "kickbacks") are void.
1287:
may use bribery to solicit the standard expected level of medical care. For example, in many formerly Communist countries from what used to be the
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recommended that member countries cease to allow the tax-deductibility of bribes to foreign officials. This was followed by the signing of the
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4234:"Don't Pay for the Misdeeds of Others: Intro to Avoiding Third-Party FCPA Liability," 6 BNA White Collar Crime Report 33 (January 13, 2011)
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Breslin, Brigid; Doron Ezickson; John Kocoras (2010). "The Bribery Act 2010: raising the bar above the US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act".
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over others of comparable effectiveness. If the medicine is prescribed heavily, they may seek to reward the individual through gifts. The
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not to issue a ticket for speeding, a citizen seeking paperwork or utility line connections might bribe a functionary for faster service.
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Recent evidence suggests that demands for bribes can adversely impact citizen level of trust and engagement with the political process.
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1665:, Republican, former congressman from Ohio's 8th district, charged with delinquency of a minor and convicted of bribery and conspiracy.
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In some Spanish-speaking countries, bribes are referred to as "mordida" (literally, "bite"). In Arab countries, bribes may be called
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Additionally, bribes may be offered by cities in order to secure athletic franchises, or even competitions, as happened with the
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transaction; or in other cases, a bribe may be effectively extracted from the person paying it, although this is better known as
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1331:, organizations or individuals in return for making choices in the interests of those parties, or in anticipation of favorable
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1414:
Employees, managers, or salespeople of a business may offer money or gifts to a potential client in exchange for business.
987:
A bribe is an illegal or unethical gift or lobbying effort bestowed to influence the recipient's conduct. It may be money,
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1117:, for example, is considered bribery in some societies, while in others the two concepts may not be interchangeable.
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1495:. It is common practice for cities to "bid" against each other with stadiums, tax benefits, and licensing deals.
1283:
In countries offering state-subsidized or nationally funded healthcare where medical professionals are underpaid,
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Lewis, Mauree. (2000). Who is paying for healthcare in Eastern Europe and Central Asia? World Bank Publications.
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4415:"Does bribery in the home country promote or dampen firm exports?: Does Bribery Promote or Dampen Firm Exports?"
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1635:, Democrat, former congressman from South Carolina's 6th district, convicted of accepting a bribe in the FBI's
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5377:"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Corruption & Economic Crime, Category "Corruption: Bribery""
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with a commitment to anti-corruption to trade more ethically and benefit from compliance with the law.
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Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions, Annex 2; the
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4881:"OECD work on preventing corruption in sporting events and promoting responsible business conduct"
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1564:, former President of the United Nations General Assembly (2013-2014) and key negotiator for the
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5005:"New global framework for anti-bribery and corruption compliance programs Freshfields knowledge"
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4357:"Bribery as a Norm for Citizens Settling Problems in Government and Budget-Funded Organizations"
1629:, Republican, former congressman from California's 40th district, convicted of accepting bribes.
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4287:"Perceptions of bribery in Papua New Guinea's public sector: Agency and structural influences"
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1651:, former South Korean president was found guilty of accepting nearly $ 6 million bribes from
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investigations. At one point roughly half of members of parliament were under investigation.
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Giving money illegally or unethically to influence a person's behavior is a form of bribery.
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5101:"TI Business Principles for Countering Bribery. Available Online. Accessed on May 23, 2012"
4906:"The perpetuation of bribery–prone relationships: A study from Vietnamese public officials"
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5277:"Prosecutors accuse Ohio Republicans of taking $ 60m in bribes as corruption trial opens"
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Bribery would be less of a problem if it wasn't also a solid investment. A new paper by
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Corrupt solicitation, acceptance, or transfer of value in exchange for official action
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6166:
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5725:
5644:
5251:
4986:
4938:
4926:
4389:
4377:
4321:
4309:
4011:
2496:
1704:
1626:
1561:
1166:
1147:
1099:
4768:
Corruption trials expose roles of the "white gloves" who manage the ill-gotten gains
4662:
8249:
8177:
7883:
7821:
7718:
7294:
7004:
6975:
6862:
6792:
6782:
6762:
6541:
6474:
6211:
6102:
6052:
5923:
5859:
5720:
5034:"Anti-bribery and corruption: global enforcement and legislative developments 2017"
4918:
4650:
4491:
4427:
4369:
4301:
4101:
3295:
1749:
1694:
1517:
1462:
1417:
For example, in 2006, German prosecutors conducted a wide-ranging investigation of
1356:
1344:
1103:
1051:
996:
988:
5082:
4496:
4479:
4445:
8151:
8077:
7751:
7659:
7557:
7486:
7251:
6955:
6950:
6627:
6571:
5907:
5788:
5778:
5486:
5448:
5352:"Old Wall Street Journal report about corruption in Malaysia recirculates online"
5068:
4953:"Differences between the UK Bribery Act and the US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act"
4791:
4732:
4682:
4240:
4061:
3274:
1605:
1449:
1067:
126:
62:
5351:
1153:
In 2007, bribery was thought to be worth around one trillion dollars worldwide.
1139:
The forms that bribery take are numerous. For example, a motorist might bribe a
8161:
8156:
8126:
7948:
7642:
7496:
7009:
6965:
6882:
6505:
6469:
6398:
6393:
6293:
6241:
6176:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6002:
5984:
5943:
5831:
5745:
5639:
5597:
5443:
4373:
4026:
2286:
1360:
1114:
1055:
5164:"Spiro T. Agnew, Point Man for Nixon Who Resigned Vice Presidency, Dies at 77"
1623:, convicted of accepting bribes to manipulate outcomes of divorce proceedings.
1428:
Specialist consultancies have been set up to help multinational companies and
1038:
Many types of payments or favors may be fairly or unfairly labeled as bribes:
8243:
7893:
7791:
7597:
7547:
6929:
6872:
6515:
6201:
5656:
5458:
5255:
4990:
4930:
4538:"The Tribes that Bind: Attitudes to the Tribe and Tribal Leader in the Sudan"
4381:
4356:
4313:
4148:
4143:
4076:
4041:
3883:
2917:
1648:
1632:
1616:
1583:
1440:
1095:
107:
67:
6333:
8201:
8136:
7741:
7632:
7617:
6970:
6922:
6917:
6877:
6777:
6747:
6698:
6561:
6454:
6408:
6383:
6288:
6274:
6097:
4086:
4051:
3946:
3568:
1680:
1642:
1475:
1375:
1288:
1208:
1004:
964:
8224:
5083:"18 U.S. Code § 1503 - Influencing or injuring officer or juror generally"
4203:
7905:
7901:
7811:
7562:
7476:
6934:
6892:
6887:
6852:
6819:
6702:
6495:
5552:
5135:"United States – the Anti-Bribery and Anti-Corruption Review – Edition 6"
4829:
4685:
Ecomomist.com (from Print Edition). 02 Mar. 2013. Retrieved 02 Dec. 2014.
4579:
4243:(discussing bribery in the context of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act).
4066:
4056:
3972:
3757:
3547:
3400:
3253:
2391:
1929:
1688:
1683:(Italian for "city of bribes") was a huge bribery scandal in early 1990s
1656:
1587:
1569:
1555:
1348:
1212:
1165:(article 2 of the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption (ETS 173) of the
1091:
82:
77:
1421:
to determine if Siemens employees paid bribes in exchange for business.
8196:
7982:
7863:
7858:
7736:
7622:
7602:
7592:
7572:
7526:
7501:
7471:
7387:
7208:
Commission for the Prevention of Corruption of the Republic of Slovenia
6902:
6857:
6814:
6613:
6490:
6459:
6418:
6312:
6279:
6256:
6067:
5997:
5783:
5480:
5393:
4254:
4175:
3925:
3169:
2959:
2854:
2791:
2223:
1908:
1712:
1674:
1418:
1320:
1264:
1087:
97:
5750:
Attempting to choke, &c. in order to commit any indictable offence
8166:
8146:
8131:
8066:
7972:
7967:
7936:
7926:
7888:
7826:
7806:
7746:
7723:
6824:
6752:
6712:
6693:
6423:
6284:
6231:
6062:
6057:
6027:
4922:
4654:
4431:
4305:
4021:
3631:
3064:
2938:
2664:
2580:
1534:
1260:
1133:
1121:
1034:'s freezer in the August 2005 raid was shown to jurors on 8 July 2009
972:
7520:
5183:"John Ashe, Ex-Diplomat Accused in U.N. Corruption Case, Dies at 61"
4638:"Who bribes? Evidence from the United Nations' oil-for-food program"
1174:(article 3 of the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption (ETS 173)).
8086:
8056:
7977:
7921:
7873:
7848:
7830:
7766:
7731:
7704:
7686:
7681:
7664:
7627:
7607:
6897:
6867:
6637:
6449:
6439:
6403:
6264:
6226:
6130:
6032:
5492:
4046:
4036:
3799:
3673:
3652:
3589:
3442:
3358:
3148:
3022:
3001:
2622:
2433:
2349:
2328:
2202:
2139:
2118:
1950:
1336:
1079:
1039:
117:
87:
52:
4784:
4142:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
8186:
8028:
7994:
7962:
7931:
7878:
7853:
7801:
7781:
7776:
7756:
7691:
7676:
7587:
7552:
7412:
6809:
6464:
6378:
6151:
6120:
6012:
5968:
5808:
5758:
5592:
4976:
4903:
Nguyen, Thang V.; Doan, Minh H.; Tran, Nhung H. (December 2021).
3967:
3904:
3841:
3484:
3232:
3211:
3190:
3106:
2896:
2749:
2643:
2559:
2517:
2454:
2412:
2370:
2307:
2244:
2076:
1992:
1971:
1887:
1866:
1824:
1803:
1782:
1652:
1595:
1591:
1480:
1284:
1075:
968:
5069:"18 U.S. Code § 201 - Bribery of public officials and witnesses"
8091:
7916:
7786:
7647:
7481:
7137:
5864:
4071:
3820:
3736:
3610:
3505:
3421:
3337:
3127:
3085:
2875:
2833:
2770:
2707:
2601:
2538:
2475:
2265:
2055:
2013:
1636:
1402:
1332:
1211:
behaviour. A state where bribery has become a way of life is a
1140:
1063:
102:
1078:, inflated sale of an object or property, lucrative contract,
7816:
7761:
7713:
7444:
7097:
6757:
6582:
6566:
6017:
5992:
5242:"Former South Korean President Lee Indicted on Graft Charges"
3778:
3694:
3463:
3043:
2980:
2812:
2728:
2181:
2160:
2034:
1684:
5201:"House speaker says Cunningham faces 'serious consequences'"
8141:
7868:
6742:
6269:
5938:
5854:
3379:
3316:
2685:
1708:
1655:
in exchange for a presidential pardon for Samsung Chairman
1228:
1043:
7133:
Special Investigation Service of the Republic of Lithuania
1671:, former U.S. federal judge convicted of accepting bribes.
1299:
4580:"OECD Anti-corruption and integrity in the public sector"
4285:
Tiki, Samson; Luke, Belinda; Mack, Janet (October 2021).
1066:
fee/ticket, free food, free ad, free trip, free tickets,
1047:
7330:
International Association of Anti-Corruption Authorities
4774:, published 9 September 2013, accessed 17 September 2023
4446:"BBC NEWS – Business – African corruption 'on the wane'"
5223:"Ralph Lauren Corp. Agrees to Pay Fine in Bribery Case"
5129:
5127:
1701:
pleaded guilty to eight counts of attempted extortion.
7127:
Governance and Economic Management Assistance Program
7086:
Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)
4750:"OECD work on Money in Politics & Policy Capture"
7516:
7068:
Anti-corruption and Economic Malpractice Observatory
7269:
Citizen's Charter and Grievance Redressal Bill 2011
6187:
Assaulting a constable in the execution of his duty
5774:
Assaulting a constable in the execution of his duty
5124:
1378:relation can often be difficult to prove. See also
1366:
A grey area in these democracies is the so-called "
4904:
4636:
4413:
4355:
6182:Assault with intent to resist lawful apprehension
5769:Assault with intent to resist lawful apprehension
4635:Jeong, Yujin; Weiner, Robert J. (December 2012).
4412:Lee, Seung-Hyun; Weng, David H. (December 2013).
1719:
1715:to pass a million-dollar bailout for Firstenergy
1461:In addition, a survey conducted by auditing firm
8241:
5039:. Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer. January 2017.
4480:"The motivational peculiarities of bribe-takers"
1486:2002 Olympic Winter Games figure skating scandal
4676:"Let the Sunshine in." The Economist Newspaper.
4599:"Income from scams and bribes are also taxable"
7237:Central Steering Committee for Anti-Corruption
7104:Fiji Independent Commission Against Corruption
7035:UNCAC Coalition of Civil Society Organisations
4902:
4596:
4535:
4510:
7428:
6598:
6363:
6349:
5409:
925:
7340:United Nations Convention against Corruption
7320:Inter-American Convention Against Corruption
4284:
4161:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1347:, though it is sometimes referred to as the
1304:United Nations Convention against Corruption
156:United Nations Convention against Corruption
7378:Movement for Peace with Justice and Dignity
7213:Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission
7057:Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission
4634:
4518:. Bath Economic Research Papers, No 21/14.
4513:"Bribery and Identity: Evidence from Sudan"
4180:, Black's Law Dictionary, 4 November 2011,
7435:
7421:
7225:National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine
7121:Corruption Prevention and Combating Bureau
6605:
6591:
6356:
6342:
5416:
5402:
932:
918:
4495:
4201:
4022:ISO 37001 Anti-bribery management systems
1594:found guilty of accepting bribes to bowl
7155:Independent Corrupt Practices Commission
5736:Wounding or causing grievous bodily harm
5423:
5302:"Bribe Payers Index 2011 – Publications"
5180:
5063:
5061:
4147:
1576:Pakistan cricket spot-fixing controversy
1396:
1308:
1298:
1189:
1025:
943:
7197:Sierra Leone Anti-corruption Commission
7062:Anti-Corruption Commission (Bangladesh)
5328:"World's Most Bribery-Prone Businesses"
4857:
4855:
4543:. Bath Economic Research Papers 31/14.
4477:
4411:
4353:
14:
8242:
7285:Freedom of information laws by country
7202:Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau
5929:Preventing the lawful burial of a body
5741:Assault occasioning actual bodily harm
4719:
7416:
7149:Anti-Corruption Commission of Myanmar
7091:Commission Against Corruption (Macau)
7020:International Anti-Corruption Academy
6586:
6337:
5897:Incitement to ethnic or racial hatred
5397:
5274:
5239:
5058:
4911:Public Administration and Development
4898:
4896:
4894:
4836:. No. 2 June 2012. 2 June 2012.
4630:
4628:
4626:
4624:
4609:from the original on 14 February 2018
4294:Public Administration and Development
1169:). Passive bribery can be defined as
1156:As indicated on the pages devoted to
146:International Anti-Corruption Academy
7368:2012 Indian anti-corruption movement
7363:2011 Indian anti-corruption movement
7144:Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission
7074:National Anti-Corruption Observatory
5804:Offences Against the Person Act 1861
5369:
5325:
4852:
4796:
4407:
4405:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4349:
4347:
4345:
4343:
4341:
4339:
4337:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4280:
4278:
4276:
4274:
4184:from the original on October 1, 2015
1566:Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
1549:
1146:Bribery may also take the form of a
7290:The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013
7185:National Anticorruption Directorate
7179:Anti-Corruption General Directorate
4706:from the original on 16 April 2018.
1469:
1030:Photo of cash found in Congressman
136:International Anti-Corruption Court
24:
7442:
7015:Group of States Against Corruption
5181:Sengupta, Somini (June 23, 2016).
4891:
4621:
4259:United Nations and the Rule of Law
4121:Bung is British slang for a bribe.
4008:Group of States Against Corruption
1732:For comparison amongst countries,
1329:payoffs from powerful corporations
141:Group of States Against Corruption
25:
8281:
7191:Investigative Committee of Russia
5087:LII / Legal Information Institute
4597:PinoyMoneyTalk (8 January 2007).
4536:Hamilton, A.; Hudson, J. (2014).
4511:Hamilton, A.; Hudson, J. (2014).
4396:
4328:
4271:
4255:"Sustainable Development Goal 16"
4214:from the original on 8 March 2018
4208:LII / Legal Information Institute
151:International Anti-Corruption Day
8034:Perverting the course of justice
7519:
7510:
7458:. Not all types are listed here.
7383:Russian anti-corruption campaign
7373:Anti-austerity movement in Spain
7280:Foreign Extortion Prevention Act
6197:Encouraging or assisting a crime
6157:Perverting the course of justice
5578:Encouraging or assisting a crime
5275:Ariza, Mario (24 January 2023).
4985:(11). Sweet & Maxwell: 362.
4887:from the original on 2018-03-08.
4869:from the original on 2015-09-05.
4840:from the original on 2 June 2012
4756:from the original on 2018-03-14.
4726:Bribes for basic care in Romania
4586:from the original on 2018-03-05.
4568:from the original on 2015-09-05.
4550:from the original on 2015-02-06.
4525:from the original on 2014-05-02.
4456:from the original on 2009-04-22.
4354:Rimskii, Vladimir (2013-07-01).
4252:
4135:
3939:
3918:
3897:
3876:
3855:
3834:
3813:
3792:
3771:
3750:
3729:
3708:
3687:
3666:
3645:
3624:
3603:
3582:
3561:
3540:
3519:
3498:
3477:
3456:
3435:
3414:
3393:
3372:
3351:
3330:
3309:
3288:
3267:
3246:
3225:
3204:
3183:
3162:
3141:
3120:
3099:
3078:
3057:
3036:
3015:
2994:
2973:
2952:
2931:
2910:
2889:
2868:
2847:
2826:
2805:
2784:
2763:
2742:
2721:
2700:
2678:
2657:
2636:
2615:
2594:
2573:
2552:
2531:
2510:
2489:
2468:
2447:
2426:
2405:
2384:
2363:
2342:
2321:
2300:
2279:
2258:
2237:
2216:
2195:
2174:
2153:
2132:
2111:
2090:
2069:
2048:
2027:
2006:
1985:
1964:
1943:
1922:
1901:
1880:
1859:
1838:
1817:
1796:
1775:
1401:A campaign to prevent bribes in
1341:not illegal in the United States
1221:
206:Democratic Republic of the Congo
7772:Intellectual property violation
7219:Servicio de Vigilancia Aduanera
7080:National Supervisory Commission
6321:History of English criminal law
6212:Obstruction of a police officer
5875:Fear or provocation of violence
5344:
5319:
5294:
5268:
5233:
5215:
5193:
5174:
5156:
5093:
5075:
5046:from the original on 2017-09-05
5026:
5015:from the original on 2018-05-08
4997:
4970:
4959:from the original on 2018-03-09
4945:
4873:
4822:
4783:International principle of law
4777:
4760:
4742:
4710:
4688:
4669:
4590:
4572:
4554:
4529:
4504:
4471:
4115:
1012:Sustainable Development Goal 16
7167:Investigation Task Force Sweep
7161:National Accountability Bureau
6633:Corruption in local government
6621:Corruption in different fields
6612:
6222:Refusing to assist a constable
6038:Taking without owner's consent
4863:"OECD Anti-Bribery Convention"
4696:"About the House of Delegates"
4562:"OECD Anti Bribery Convention"
4460:
4438:
4246:
4232:See generally T. Markus Funk,
4226:
4195:
4168:
1720:Bribery in different countries
1621:New York Supreme Court Justice
1507:
1276:that double as tourist trips.
13:
1:
7275:Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
7173:Central Anticorruption Bureau
6242:Fabrication of false evidence
5954:Misconduct in a public office
5880:Harassment, alarm or distress
5454:Regulatory (lowered mens rea)
4128:
4003:Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
1743:
1527:
1514:Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
1498:
1204:Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
1194:Article II, Section 4 of the
1185:
1094:/backing, higher paying job,
7335:OECD Anti-Bribery Convention
7325:International asset recovery
7109:Central Vigilance Commission
6664:Corruption Perceptions Index
5959:Misfeasance in public office
5559:Ignorantia juris non excusat
5240:Jeong, Andrew (2018-04-09).
4643:Strategic Management Journal
4420:Strategic Management Journal
4108:
1430:small and medium enterprises
1269:American Medical Association
7:
7393:2017–2019 Romanian protests
6530:Related manipulation topics
6126:Cheating the public revenue
5918:Effecting a public mischief
5764:Assault with intent to rape
4497:10.1051/shsconf/20184001006
4202:LII Staff (6 August 2007).
3960:
1699:Massachusetts state senator
1392:
1294:
1263:to favor prescribing their
1257:Pharmaceutical corporations
1251:
10:
8286:
7797:Possessing stolen property
7398:2017–2018 Russian protests
7030:Transparency International
7005:Global Financial Integrity
6202:Escape from lawful custody
6088:Fraud by abuse of position
5754:Assault with intent to rob
5678:Category:Criminal defences
4374:10.2753/RUP1061-1940510401
4097:Transparency International
3716:St. Vincent and Grenadines
1747:
1734:Transparency International
1473:
1407:
1343:and forms a major part of
1196:United States Constitution
8211:
8176:
8076:
8043:
7992:
7946:
7840:
7702:
7536:
7508:
7464:
7451:
7358:2011 Azerbaijani protests
7348:
7308:
7259:
7250:
7043:
6997:
6988:
6943:
6845:
6835:Offshore financial centre
6686:
6677:
6656:
6638:Interest group corruption
6620:
6529:
6483:
6432:
6371:
6365:Manipulation (psychology)
6318:For obsolete aspects see
6307:
6255:
6139:
6111:
6053:Misappropriation of funds
5985:Offences against property
5983:
5845:
5817:
5687:
5667:Diminished responsibility
5606:
5568:
5540:
5472:
5431:
5009:knowledge.freshfields.com
4830:"You get who you pay for"
1353:Cash-for-questions affair
1106:(rise of position/rank).
8260:Organized crime activity
7896:(such as prohibition of
7300:Whistleblower protection
6788:Cryptocurrency and crime
6140:Offences against justice
5913:Outraging public decency
5837:Sexual Offences Act 2003
5638:inc. participation in a
5548:Lesser included offences
5504:Intention in English law
5499:Intention (criminal law)
4772:South China Morning Post
4362:Russian Politics and Law
4057:Money trail – Money loop
3884:United States of America
1707:, Former speaker of the
1512:The U.S. introduced the
1242:
1021:
6669:Economics of corruption
6445:Character assassination
5247:The Wall Street Journal
4239:March 16, 2014, at the
4158:Encyclopædia Britannica
4092:Principal–agent problem
1764:Reported annual bribes
1233:Anti-Bribery Convention
58:Economics of corruption
8270:White-collar criminals
8014:Miscarriage of justice
7295:UK Bribery Act of 2010
7051:Oficina Anticorrupción
6800:Noble cause corruption
6657:Measures of corruption
6257:Other common law areas
6207:Obstruction of justice
5949:Accessory (legal term)
5711:Corporate manslaughter
4484:SHS Web of Conferences
3993:Consciousness of guilt
3983:Charbonneau Commission
2098:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1459:
1405:
1335:, also referred to as
1325:campaign contributions
1317:
1306:
1198:
1111:campaign contributions
1035:
949:
578:Bosnia and Herzegovina
8009:Malfeasance in office
7454:Note: Crimes vary by
7025:Mo Ibrahim Foundation
6805:Professional courtesy
6768:Honest services fraud
6547:Internet manipulation
6433:Negative manipulation
6372:Positive manipulation
6172:Misprision of treason
6093:Conspiracy to defraud
6048:Handling stolen goods
5892:Public Order Act 1986
5847:Public order offences
5170:. September 19, 1996.
3998:Corruption by country
3527:Saint Kitts and Nevis
1748:Further information:
1446:
1400:
1312:
1302:
1193:
1128:("smoothing money").
1084:campaign contribution
1029:
947:
164:Corruption by country
113:State-corporate crime
93:Pyrrhic defeat theory
8265:Political corruption
8102:Cybersex trafficking
7864:Censorship violation
6989:Institutions dealing
6723:Conflict of interest
6648:Political corruption
6192:Harboring a fugitive
6162:Witness intimidation
6112:Forgery, personation
5731:Concealment of birth
5425:English criminal law
4808:Cambridge Dictionary
4478:Krivins, A. (2018).
4082:Political corruption
3988:Conflict of interest
3863:United Arab Emirates
1736:used to publish the
1669:Martin Thomas Manton
1493:2002 Winter Olympics
1454:Cambridge University
1384:political corruption
1372:conflict of interest
1158:political corruption
1032:William J. Jefferson
1010:The United Nations
34:Political corruption
7894:Illegal consumption
7568:Criminal negligence
6830:Offshore investment
6552:Market manipulation
6247:Rescuing a prisoner
6217:Wasting police time
5975:Dereliction of duty
5934:Breach of the peace
5652:Prevention of crime
5514:Criminal negligence
5326:Pentland, William.
4737:The Guardian Weekly
4102:UK Bribery Act 2010
1846:Antigua and Barbuda
1697:, Democrat, former
1663:Donald "Buz" Lukens
1259:may seek to entice
8097:Child sexual abuse
8062:Wildlife smuggling
8052:Cruelty to animals
7841:Against the public
7672:Negligent homicide
7583:False imprisonment
7538:Against the person
7231:Warioba Commission
7169:(Papua New Guinea)
6913:Regulatory capture
6718:Commercial bribery
6557:Media manipulation
6537:Crowd manipulation
6511:Influence-for-hire
6484:Other manipulation
6414:Predatory marriage
6313:English law portal
6299:Criminal procedure
5964:Abuse of authority
5794:False imprisonment
5645:Medical procedures
5473:Elements of crimes
5227:The New York Times
5187:The New York Times
5168:The New York Times
4790:2011-01-21 at the
4739:(March 26th 2008).
4731:2007-11-18 at the
4681:2017-10-22 at the
4603:pinoymoneytalk.com
4032:Kickback (bribery)
4017:Influence peddling
3978:Bribe Payers Index
1738:Bribe Payers Index
1610:United States Navy
1410:Commercial bribery
1406:
1380:influence peddling
1318:
1307:
1199:
1036:
950:
73:Influence peddling
40:Forms and concepts
8237:
8236:
8220:Wikimedia Commons
8178:Inchoate offenses
8122:Indecent exposure
7613:Human trafficking
7578:Domestic violence
7410:
7409:
7406:
7405:
7246:
7245:
6984:
6983:
6961:Election security
6908:Political scandal
6643:Police corruption
6580:
6579:
6521:Spin (propaganda)
6501:Good cop, bad cop
6331:
6330:
6237:Contempt of court
6167:Witness tampering
5885:intent aggravates
5870:Unlawful assembly
5726:Child destruction
5570:Inchoate offences
5432:Classes of crimes
5308:. 2 November 2011
5229:. April 22, 2013.
4810:. 7 February 2024
4702:. 15 April 2018.
4649:(12): 1363–1383.
4426:(12): 1472–1487.
4012:Council of Europe
3958:
3957:
1705:Larry Householder
1627:Andrew J. Hinshaw
1602:at certain times.
1562:John William Ashe
1550:Notable instances
1463:Ernst & Young
1316:in Washington, DC
1167:Council of Europe
1148:secret commission
1100:secret commission
942:
941:
909:
908:
216:Equatorial Guinea
16:(Redirected from
8277:
7884:Ethnic cleansing
7822:Trespass to land
7719:Arms trafficking
7529:
7524:
7523:
7514:
7437:
7430:
7423:
7414:
7413:
7257:
7256:
6995:
6994:
6976:Vote suppression
6863:Crony capitalism
6793:Hawala and crime
6783:Money laundering
6763:Graft (politics)
6743:Confidence trick
6684:
6683:
6678:Forms or aspects
6607:
6600:
6593:
6584:
6583:
6542:Confidence trick
6475:Social rejection
6358:
6351:
6344:
6335:
6334:
6103:Webcam blackmail
5924:disorderly house
5860:Violent disorder
5721:Unlawful killing
5689:Offences against
5527:Strict liability
5418:
5411:
5404:
5395:
5394:
5388:
5387:
5385:
5383:
5373:
5367:
5366:
5364:
5363:
5348:
5342:
5341:
5339:
5338:
5323:
5317:
5316:
5314:
5313:
5306:Transparency.org
5298:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5287:
5272:
5266:
5265:
5263:
5262:
5237:
5231:
5230:
5219:
5213:
5212:
5207:. Archived from
5197:
5191:
5190:
5178:
5172:
5171:
5160:
5154:
5153:
5151:
5150:
5141:. Archived from
5131:
5122:
5121:
5119:
5118:
5112:
5106:. Archived from
5105:
5097:
5091:
5090:
5079:
5073:
5072:
5065:
5056:
5055:
5053:
5051:
5045:
5038:
5030:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5020:
5001:
4995:
4994:
4974:
4968:
4967:
4965:
4964:
4949:
4943:
4942:
4923:10.1002/pad.1961
4908:
4900:
4889:
4888:
4877:
4871:
4870:
4859:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4845:
4826:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4815:
4800:
4794:
4781:
4775:
4764:
4758:
4757:
4746:
4740:
4723:
4717:
4714:
4708:
4707:
4692:
4686:
4673:
4667:
4666:
4655:10.1002/smj.1986
4640:
4632:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4614:
4594:
4588:
4587:
4576:
4570:
4569:
4558:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4542:
4533:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4517:
4508:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4475:
4469:
4464:
4458:
4457:
4452:. 10 July 2007.
4442:
4436:
4435:
4432:10.1002/smj.2075
4417:
4409:
4394:
4393:
4359:
4351:
4326:
4325:
4306:10.1002/pad.1913
4291:
4282:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4265:
4250:
4244:
4230:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4219:
4199:
4193:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4177:What is bribery?
4172:
4162:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4122:
4119:
3944:
3943:
3942:
3923:
3922:
3921:
3902:
3901:
3900:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3797:
3796:
3795:
3776:
3775:
3774:
3755:
3754:
3753:
3734:
3733:
3732:
3713:
3712:
3711:
3692:
3691:
3690:
3671:
3670:
3669:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3629:
3628:
3627:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3524:
3523:
3522:
3503:
3502:
3501:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3335:
3334:
3333:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3296:Northern Ireland
3293:
3292:
3291:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3104:
3103:
3102:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3041:
3040:
3039:
3020:
3019:
3018:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2894:
2893:
2892:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2789:
2788:
2787:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2683:
2682:
2681:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2578:
2577:
2576:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2473:
2472:
2471:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2431:
2430:
2429:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2389:
2388:
2387:
2368:
2367:
2366:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2305:
2304:
2303:
2284:
2283:
2282:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2011:
2010:
2009:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1758:
1757:
1750:Crime statistics
1695:Dianne Wilkerson
1518:Bribery Act 2010
1470:Sport corruption
1357:Cash for Honours
1345:campaign finance
1072:kickback/payback
993:rights in action
934:
927:
920:
902:Papua New Guinea
683:Northern Ireland
170:
169:
30:
29:
21:
8285:
8284:
8280:
8279:
8278:
8276:
8275:
8274:
8255:Corporate crime
8240:
8239:
8238:
8233:
8207:
8206:
8205:
8172:
8171:
8170:
8152:Sex trafficking
8078:Sexual offenses
8072:
8071:
8070:
8044:Against animals
8039:
8038:
8037:
7988:
7987:
7986:
7942:
7941:
7940:
7836:
7835:
7834:
7752:False pretenses
7698:
7697:
7696:
7660:Preterintention
7532:
7525:
7518:
7515:
7506:
7460:
7447:
7441:
7411:
7402:
7350:
7344:
7312:
7310:
7304:
7261:
7252:Anti-corruption
7242:
7039:
6991:with corruption
6990:
6980:
6956:Electoral fraud
6951:Ballot stuffing
6939:
6841:
6679:
6673:
6652:
6628:Corporate crime
6616:
6611:
6581:
6576:
6572:Undue influence
6525:
6479:
6428:
6367:
6362:
6332:
6327:
6303:
6251:
6135:
6113:
6107:
6023:Criminal damage
5979:
5908:Public nuisance
5841:
5819:Sexual offences
5813:
5789:Child abduction
5690:
5683:
5629:Loss of control
5602:
5564:
5536:
5468:
5427:
5422:
5392:
5391:
5381:
5379:
5375:
5374:
5370:
5361:
5359:
5350:
5349:
5345:
5336:
5334:
5324:
5320:
5311:
5309:
5300:
5299:
5295:
5285:
5283:
5273:
5269:
5260:
5258:
5238:
5234:
5221:
5220:
5216:
5199:
5198:
5194:
5179:
5175:
5162:
5161:
5157:
5148:
5146:
5139:The Law Reviews
5133:
5132:
5125:
5116:
5114:
5113:on June 2, 2013
5110:
5103:
5099:
5098:
5094:
5081:
5080:
5076:
5067:
5066:
5059:
5049:
5047:
5043:
5036:
5032:
5031:
5027:
5018:
5016:
5003:
5002:
4998:
4975:
4971:
4962:
4960:
4951:
4950:
4946:
4901:
4892:
4879:
4878:
4874:
4861:
4860:
4853:
4843:
4841:
4828:
4827:
4823:
4813:
4811:
4802:
4801:
4797:
4792:Wayback Machine
4782:
4778:
4766:Wang Xiangwei,
4765:
4761:
4748:
4747:
4743:
4733:Wayback Machine
4724:
4720:
4715:
4711:
4694:
4693:
4689:
4683:Wayback Machine
4674:
4670:
4633:
4622:
4612:
4610:
4595:
4591:
4578:
4577:
4573:
4560:
4559:
4555:
4547:
4540:
4534:
4530:
4522:
4515:
4509:
4505:
4476:
4472:
4465:
4461:
4444:
4443:
4439:
4410:
4397:
4352:
4329:
4289:
4283:
4272:
4263:
4261:
4251:
4247:
4241:Wayback Machine
4231:
4227:
4217:
4215:
4200:
4196:
4187:
4185:
4174:
4173:
4169:
4151:, ed. (1911). "
4136:
4134:
4131:
4126:
4125:
4120:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4062:Organized crime
4010:(GRECO) of the
3963:
3940:
3938:
3919:
3917:
3898:
3896:
3877:
3875:
3856:
3854:
3835:
3833:
3814:
3812:
3793:
3791:
3772:
3770:
3751:
3749:
3730:
3728:
3709:
3707:
3688:
3686:
3667:
3665:
3646:
3644:
3625:
3623:
3604:
3602:
3583:
3581:
3562:
3560:
3541:
3539:
3520:
3518:
3499:
3497:
3478:
3476:
3457:
3455:
3436:
3434:
3415:
3413:
3394:
3392:
3373:
3371:
3352:
3350:
3331:
3329:
3310:
3308:
3289:
3287:
3275:North Macedonia
3268:
3266:
3247:
3245:
3226:
3224:
3205:
3203:
3184:
3182:
3163:
3161:
3142:
3140:
3121:
3119:
3100:
3098:
3079:
3077:
3058:
3056:
3037:
3035:
3016:
3014:
2995:
2993:
2974:
2972:
2953:
2951:
2932:
2930:
2911:
2909:
2890:
2888:
2869:
2867:
2848:
2846:
2827:
2825:
2806:
2804:
2785:
2783:
2764:
2762:
2743:
2741:
2722:
2720:
2701:
2699:
2679:
2677:
2658:
2656:
2637:
2635:
2616:
2614:
2595:
2593:
2574:
2572:
2553:
2551:
2532:
2530:
2511:
2509:
2490:
2488:
2469:
2467:
2448:
2446:
2427:
2425:
2406:
2404:
2385:
2383:
2364:
2362:
2343:
2341:
2322:
2320:
2301:
2299:
2280:
2278:
2259:
2257:
2238:
2236:
2217:
2215:
2196:
2194:
2175:
2173:
2154:
2152:
2133:
2131:
2112:
2110:
2091:
2089:
2070:
2068:
2049:
2047:
2028:
2026:
2007:
2005:
1986:
1984:
1965:
1963:
1944:
1942:
1923:
1921:
1902:
1900:
1881:
1879:
1860:
1858:
1839:
1837:
1818:
1816:
1797:
1795:
1776:
1774:
1765:
1752:
1746:
1722:
1606:Duke Cunningham
1552:
1530:
1510:
1501:
1478:
1472:
1450:Raghavendra Rau
1412:
1395:
1297:
1254:
1245:
1224:
1188:
1068:sweetheart deal
1024:
938:
782:Central America
678:North Macedonia
127:Anti-corruption
63:Electoral fraud
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8283:
8273:
8272:
8267:
8262:
8257:
8252:
8235:
8234:
8232:
8227:
8222:
8217:
8212:
8209:
8208:
8204:
8199:
8194:
8189:
8184:
8183:
8182:
8180:
8174:
8173:
8169:
8164:
8162:Sexual slavery
8159:
8157:Sexual assault
8154:
8149:
8144:
8139:
8134:
8129:
8124:
8119:
8114:
8109:
8104:
8099:
8094:
8089:
8084:
8083:
8082:
8080:
8074:
8073:
8069:
8064:
8059:
8054:
8049:
8048:
8047:
8045:
8041:
8040:
8036:
8031:
8026:
8021:
8016:
8011:
8006:
8001:
8000:
7999:
7997:
7990:
7989:
7985:
7980:
7975:
7970:
7965:
7960:
7955:
7954:
7953:
7951:
7944:
7943:
7939:
7934:
7929:
7924:
7919:
7914:
7909:
7891:
7886:
7881:
7879:Hostage-taking
7876:
7871:
7866:
7861:
7856:
7851:
7846:
7845:
7844:
7842:
7838:
7837:
7833:
7824:
7819:
7814:
7809:
7804:
7799:
7794:
7789:
7784:
7779:
7774:
7769:
7764:
7759:
7754:
7749:
7744:
7739:
7734:
7729:
7726:
7721:
7716:
7711:
7710:
7709:
7707:
7700:
7699:
7695:
7694:
7689:
7684:
7679:
7674:
7669:
7668:
7667:
7657:
7656:
7655:
7645:
7640:
7630:
7625:
7620:
7615:
7610:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7590:
7585:
7580:
7575:
7570:
7565:
7560:
7555:
7550:
7544:
7543:
7542:
7540:
7534:
7533:
7531:
7530:
7509:
7507:
7505:
7504:
7499:
7494:
7489:
7484:
7479:
7474:
7468:
7466:
7462:
7461:
7452:
7449:
7448:
7440:
7439:
7432:
7425:
7417:
7408:
7407:
7404:
7403:
7401:
7400:
7395:
7390:
7385:
7380:
7375:
7370:
7365:
7360:
7354:
7352:
7346:
7345:
7343:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7316:
7314:
7306:
7305:
7303:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7265:
7263:
7254:
7248:
7247:
7244:
7243:
7241:
7240:
7234:
7228:
7222:
7216:
7210:
7205:
7199:
7194:
7188:
7182:
7176:
7170:
7164:
7158:
7152:
7146:
7141:
7135:
7130:
7124:
7118:
7112:
7106:
7101:
7095:
7094:
7093:
7088:
7077:
7071:
7065:
7059:
7054:
7047:
7045:
7041:
7040:
7038:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7010:Global Witness
7007:
7001:
6999:
6992:
6986:
6985:
6982:
6981:
6979:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6966:Gerrymandering
6963:
6958:
6953:
6947:
6945:
6941:
6940:
6938:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6926:
6925:
6915:
6910:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6890:
6885:
6883:Ghost soldiers
6880:
6875:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6855:
6849:
6847:
6843:
6842:
6840:
6839:
6838:
6837:
6832:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6797:
6796:
6795:
6790:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6740:
6739:
6738:
6733:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6696:
6690:
6688:
6681:
6675:
6674:
6672:
6671:
6666:
6660:
6658:
6654:
6653:
6651:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6624:
6622:
6618:
6617:
6610:
6609:
6602:
6595:
6587:
6578:
6577:
6575:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6533:
6531:
6527:
6526:
6524:
6523:
6518:
6513:
6508:
6506:Indoctrination
6503:
6498:
6493:
6487:
6485:
6481:
6480:
6478:
6477:
6472:
6470:Smear campaign
6467:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6436:
6434:
6430:
6429:
6427:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6399:Disinformation
6396:
6394:Child grooming
6391:
6386:
6381:
6375:
6373:
6369:
6368:
6361:
6360:
6353:
6346:
6338:
6329:
6328:
6326:
6325:
6316:
6308:
6305:
6304:
6302:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6261:
6259:
6253:
6252:
6250:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6177:Jury tampering
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6143:
6141:
6137:
6136:
6134:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6117:
6115:
6109:
6108:
6106:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6083:Fraud Act 2006
6080:
6078:Theft Act 1978
6075:
6073:Theft Act 1968
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6003:Cheating (law)
6000:
5995:
5989:
5987:
5981:
5980:
5978:
5977:
5972:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5944:Forcible entry
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5888:
5887:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5851:
5849:
5843:
5842:
5840:
5839:
5834:
5832:Sexual assault
5829:
5823:
5821:
5815:
5814:
5812:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5748:
5746:Common assault
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5695:
5693:
5685:
5684:
5682:
5681:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5648:
5647:
5642:
5640:sporting event
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5610:
5608:
5604:
5603:
5601:
5600:
5598:Common purpose
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5574:
5572:
5566:
5565:
5563:
5562:
5555:
5550:
5544:
5542:
5538:
5537:
5535:
5534:
5529:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5489:
5484:
5476:
5474:
5470:
5469:
5467:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5435:
5433:
5429:
5428:
5421:
5420:
5413:
5406:
5398:
5390:
5389:
5368:
5343:
5318:
5293:
5267:
5232:
5214:
5211:on 2012-09-03.
5192:
5173:
5155:
5123:
5092:
5074:
5057:
5025:
4996:
4979:Company Lawyer
4969:
4944:
4917:(5): 244–256.
4890:
4872:
4851:
4821:
4795:
4776:
4759:
4741:
4718:
4709:
4687:
4668:
4620:
4589:
4571:
4553:
4528:
4503:
4470:
4459:
4437:
4395:
4327:
4300:(4): 217–227.
4270:
4245:
4225:
4194:
4166:
4165:
4164:
4163:
4149:Chisholm, Hugh
4130:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4027:Jury tampering
4024:
4019:
4014:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3956:
3955:
3952:
3949:
3935:
3934:
3931:
3928:
3914:
3913:
3910:
3907:
3893:
3892:
3889:
3886:
3872:
3871:
3868:
3865:
3851:
3850:
3847:
3844:
3830:
3829:
3826:
3823:
3809:
3808:
3805:
3802:
3788:
3787:
3784:
3781:
3767:
3766:
3763:
3760:
3746:
3745:
3742:
3739:
3725:
3724:
3721:
3718:
3704:
3703:
3700:
3697:
3683:
3682:
3679:
3676:
3662:
3661:
3658:
3655:
3641:
3640:
3637:
3634:
3620:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3599:
3598:
3595:
3592:
3578:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3557:
3556:
3553:
3550:
3536:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3515:
3514:
3511:
3508:
3494:
3493:
3490:
3487:
3473:
3472:
3469:
3466:
3452:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3431:
3430:
3427:
3424:
3410:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3389:
3388:
3385:
3382:
3368:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3347:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3326:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3284:
3283:
3280:
3277:
3263:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3242:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3214:
3200:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3179:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3158:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3137:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3116:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3095:
3094:
3091:
3088:
3074:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3053:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3032:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3004:
2990:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2969:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2948:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2927:
2926:
2923:
2920:
2906:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2885:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2864:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2843:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2822:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2801:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2780:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2759:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2738:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2717:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2696:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2674:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2653:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2632:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2590:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2548:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2527:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2506:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2485:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2464:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2443:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2422:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2401:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2338:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2317:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2296:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2287:Czech Republic
2275:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2254:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2212:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2065:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1939:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1897:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1876:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1855:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1762:
1745:
1742:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1702:
1692:
1678:
1672:
1666:
1660:
1646:
1640:
1630:
1624:
1614:
1603:
1573:
1559:
1551:
1548:
1529:
1526:
1509:
1506:
1500:
1497:
1474:Main article:
1471:
1468:
1408:Main article:
1394:
1391:
1368:revolving door
1361:United Kingdom
1296:
1293:
1253:
1250:
1244:
1241:
1223:
1220:
1187:
1184:
1141:police officer
1023:
1020:
940:
939:
937:
936:
929:
922:
914:
911:
910:
907:
906:
905:
904:
899:
894:
886:
885:
881:
880:
879:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
825:
824:
820:
819:
818:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
784:
783:
779:
778:
777:
776:
771:
766:
758:
757:
753:
752:
751:
750:
748:United Kingdom
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
593:Czech Republic
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
557:
556:
552:
551:
550:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
346:
345:
341:
340:
339:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
175:
174:
166:
165:
161:
160:
159:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
130:
129:
123:
122:
121:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
42:
41:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8282:
8271:
8268:
8266:
8263:
8261:
8258:
8256:
8253:
8251:
8248:
8247:
8245:
8231:
8228:
8226:
8223:
8221:
8218:
8216:
8213:
8210:
8203:
8200:
8198:
8195:
8193:
8190:
8188:
8185:
8181:
8179:
8175:
8168:
8165:
8163:
8160:
8158:
8155:
8153:
8150:
8148:
8145:
8143:
8140:
8138:
8135:
8133:
8130:
8128:
8125:
8123:
8120:
8118:
8115:
8113:
8112:Homosexuality
8110:
8108:
8105:
8103:
8100:
8098:
8095:
8093:
8090:
8088:
8085:
8081:
8079:
8075:
8068:
8065:
8063:
8060:
8058:
8055:
8053:
8050:
8046:
8042:
8035:
8032:
8030:
8027:
8025:
8022:
8020:
8017:
8015:
8012:
8010:
8007:
8005:
8002:
7998:
7996:
7991:
7984:
7981:
7979:
7976:
7974:
7971:
7969:
7966:
7964:
7961:
7959:
7956:
7952:
7950:
7945:
7938:
7935:
7933:
7930:
7928:
7925:
7923:
7920:
7918:
7915:
7913:
7912:Miscegenation
7910:
7907:
7903:
7899:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7882:
7880:
7877:
7875:
7872:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7862:
7860:
7857:
7855:
7852:
7850:
7847:
7843:
7839:
7832:
7828:
7825:
7823:
7820:
7818:
7815:
7813:
7810:
7808:
7805:
7803:
7800:
7798:
7795:
7793:
7792:Pickpocketing
7790:
7788:
7785:
7783:
7780:
7778:
7775:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7758:
7755:
7753:
7750:
7748:
7745:
7743:
7740:
7738:
7735:
7733:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7722:
7720:
7717:
7715:
7712:
7708:
7706:
7701:
7693:
7690:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7673:
7670:
7666:
7663:
7662:
7661:
7658:
7654:
7651:
7650:
7649:
7646:
7644:
7641:
7638:
7634:
7631:
7629:
7626:
7624:
7621:
7619:
7616:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7606:
7604:
7601:
7599:
7598:Home invasion
7596:
7594:
7591:
7589:
7586:
7584:
7581:
7579:
7576:
7574:
7571:
7569:
7566:
7564:
7561:
7559:
7556:
7554:
7551:
7549:
7548:Assassination
7546:
7545:
7541:
7539:
7535:
7528:
7522:
7517:
7513:
7503:
7500:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7488:
7485:
7483:
7480:
7478:
7475:
7473:
7470:
7469:
7467:
7463:
7459:
7457:
7450:
7446:
7438:
7433:
7431:
7426:
7424:
7419:
7418:
7415:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7355:
7353:
7347:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7317:
7315:
7309:International
7307:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7270:
7267:
7266:
7264:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7249:
7238:
7235:
7232:
7229:
7226:
7223:
7220:
7217:
7215:(South Korea)
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7192:
7189:
7186:
7183:
7180:
7177:
7174:
7171:
7168:
7165:
7162:
7159:
7156:
7153:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7128:
7125:
7122:
7119:
7116:
7113:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7099:
7096:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7075:
7072:
7069:
7066:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7052:
7049:
7048:
7046:
7042:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7006:
7003:
7002:
7000:
6998:International
6996:
6993:
6987:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6948:
6946:
6942:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6930:State capture
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6873:Elite capture
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6709:
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6689:
6685:
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6680:of corruption
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6516:Interrogation
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5657:Lawful excuse
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5145:on 2018-04-16
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4188:September 30,
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4144:public domain
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4077:Point shaving
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4042:Legal plunder
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1649:Lee Myung-Bak
1647:
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1633:John Jenrette
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1617:Gerald Garson
1615:
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1597:
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1584:Mohammad Amir
1581:
1580:Mohammad Asif
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1441:The Economist
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1314:Demonstration
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1222:Tax treatment
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1096:stock options
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823:South America
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774:United States
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
761:
760:
759:
756:North America
755:
754:
749:
746:
744:
741:
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736:
734:
731:
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244:
242:
239:
237:
236:Guinea-Bissau
234:
232:
229:
227:
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217:
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209:
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128:
125:
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119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
108:State capture
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
79:
76:
74:
71:
69:
68:Elite capture
66:
64:
61:
59:
56:
54:
51:
49:
46:
45:
44:
43:
39:
38:
35:
32:
31:
19:
8202:Solicitation
8137:Prostitution
8127:Masturbation
7958:Lèse-majesté
7947:Against the
7742:Embezzlement
7633:Manslaughter
7618:Intimidation
7456:jurisdiction
7453:
7140:(Madagascar)
7064:(Bangladesh)
6971:Vote pairing
6923:Rent-setting
6918:Rent-seeking
6878:Failed state
6778:Match fixing
6748:Embezzlement
6727:Corporation
6707:
6699:Black market
6562:Nudge theory
6455:Intimidation
6409:Love bombing
6388:
6384:Brainwashing
6319:
6311:
6146:
6114:and cheating
6098:Fare evasion
5707:Manslaughter
5676:
5672:Intoxication
5614:Self-defence
5557:
5509:Recklessness
5491:
5479:
5380:. Retrieved
5371:
5360:. Retrieved
5358:. 2022-07-26
5355:
5346:
5335:. Retrieved
5331:
5321:
5310:. Retrieved
5305:
5296:
5284:. Retrieved
5281:The Guardian
5280:
5270:
5259:. Retrieved
5245:
5235:
5226:
5217:
5209:the original
5204:
5195:
5186:
5176:
5167:
5158:
5147:. Retrieved
5143:the original
5138:
5115:. Retrieved
5108:the original
5095:
5086:
5077:
5048:. Retrieved
5028:
5017:. Retrieved
5008:
4999:
4982:
4978:
4972:
4961:. Retrieved
4947:
4914:
4910:
4875:
4842:. Retrieved
4833:
4824:
4812:. Retrieved
4807:
4798:
4779:
4771:
4762:
4744:
4721:
4712:
4700:ama-assn.org
4699:
4690:
4671:
4646:
4642:
4611:. Retrieved
4602:
4592:
4574:
4556:
4531:
4506:
4487:
4483:
4473:
4462:
4449:
4440:
4423:
4419:
4365:
4361:
4297:
4293:
4262:. Retrieved
4258:
4253:Doss, Eric.
4248:
4228:
4216:. Retrieved
4207:
4197:
4186:, retrieved
4176:
4170:
4156:
4117:
4087:Price fixing
4052:Match fixing
3947:Vatican City
3569:Saudi Arabia
1753:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1681:Tangentopoli
1643:Ralph Lauren
1590:, Pakistani
1544:
1540:
1531:
1522:
1511:
1502:
1490:
1479:
1476:Match fixing
1460:
1447:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1427:
1423:
1416:
1413:
1388:
1376:quid pro quo
1365:
1319:
1289:Eastern Bloc
1282:
1278:
1255:
1246:
1237:
1229:OECD Council
1225:
1217:
1209:rent seeking
1200:
1180:
1176:
1170:
1161:
1155:
1152:
1145:
1138:
1130:
1125:
1119:
1108:
1037:
1016:
1009:
995:, property,
986:
977:
952:
951:
532:Turkmenistan
301:South Africa
291:Sierra Leone
47:
8107:Fornication
8024:Obstruction
8004:Compounding
7812:Tax evasion
7563:Child abuse
7477:Misdemeanor
7313:and efforts
7311:instruments
7262:enforcement
7204:(Singapore)
7117:(Indonesia)
7053:(Argentina)
6935:State crime
6893:Mafia state
6888:Kleptocracy
6853:Clientelism
6820:Tax evasion
6703:Grey market
6496:Gaslighting
5715:Infanticide
5553:Concurrence
4814:13 February
4368:(4): 8–24.
4067:Pay to Play
3973:Bid rigging
3758:Switzerland
3548:Saint Lucia
3401:Philippines
3254:New Zealand
2392:El Salvador
1766:per 100,000
1689:Mani pulite
1657:Lee Kun-hee
1588:Salman Butt
1570:Ng Lap Seng
1556:Spiro Agnew
1508:Legislation
1321:Politicians
1274:conventions
1213:kleptocracy
1126:Schmiergeld
1092:sponsorship
897:New Zealand
800:El Salvador
790:Costa Rica
738:Switzerland
673:Netherlands
502:South Korea
492:Philippines
482:North Korea
352:Afghanistan
306:South Sudan
83:Mafia state
78:Kleptocracy
8244:Categories
8215:WikiSource
8197:Incitement
8192:Conspiracy
8067:Bestiality
8019:Misprision
7983:Subversion
7937:War crimes
7932:Usurpation
7859:Corruption
7737:Cybercrime
7623:Kidnapping
7603:Hate crime
7593:Harassment
7573:Defamation
7527:Law portal
7502:Corruption
7492:Indictable
7472:Infraction
7388:Yo Soy 132
7233:(Tanzania)
7163:(Pakistan)
7076:(Cameroon)
6903:Plutocracy
6858:Coronelism
6815:Slush fund
6614:Corruption
6491:Entrapment
6460:Mind games
6419:Propaganda
6068:Cybercrime
5998:Dishonesty
5922:Keeping a
5799:Harassment
5784:Kidnapping
5691:the person
5583:Conspiracy
5481:Actus reus
5464:Common law
5444:Either way
5439:Indictable
5362:2023-03-03
5356:Fact Check
5337:2023-03-03
5312:2023-03-03
5286:24 January
5261:2018-04-09
5149:2018-04-15
5117:2013-04-20
5019:2018-03-09
4963:2018-03-09
4264:2020-09-25
4129:References
3926:Uzbekistan
3170:Montenegro
2960:Luxembourg
2855:Kyrgyzstan
2792:Kazakhstan
2224:Costa Rica
1909:Azerbaijan
1744:Statistics
1713:corruption
1675:Rick Renzi
1639:operation.
1592:cricketers
1528:Businesses
1499:Prevention
1419:Siemens AG
1349:money loop
1339:. This is
1327:and other
1186:Government
1163:functions.
1088:fundraiser
997:preferment
965:soliciting
959:, giving,
668:Montenegro
658:Luxembourg
537:Uzbekistan
517:Tajikistan
457:Kazakhstan
452:Kyrgyzstan
402:East Timor
372:Bangladesh
362:Azerbaijan
98:Slush fund
8225:Wikiquote
8167:Voyeurism
8147:Pederasty
8132:Obscenity
7973:Secession
7968:Espionage
7927:Terrorism
7889:Smuggling
7827:Vandalism
7807:Smuggling
7747:Extortion
7724:Blackmail
7637:corporate
7443:Types of
7351:movements
7271:(pending)
7239:(Vietnam)
7227:(Ukraine)
7187:(Romania)
7181:(Romania)
7157:(Nigeria)
7151:(Myanmar)
7129:(Liberia)
7100:(Croatia)
7070:(Burundi)
6944:Elections
6825:Tax haven
6753:Extortion
6713:Collusion
6694:Baksheesh
6424:Seduction
6232:Espionage
6063:Extortion
6058:Blackmail
6043:Deception
6028:Squatting
5624:Necessity
5588:Accessory
5541:Doctrines
5532:Omissions
5523:Vicarious
5519:Corporate
5487:Causation
5459:Statutory
5382:17 August
5256:0099-9660
4991:0144-1027
4939:239567859
4931:0271-2075
4490:: 01006.
4450:bbc.co.uk
4390:197656271
4382:1061-1940
4322:236221436
4314:0271-2075
4204:"Bribery"
4109:Footnotes
3632:Singapore
3065:Mauritius
2939:Lithuania
2688:(Central)
2665:Indonesia
2581:Guatemala
1619:, former
1535:ISO 26000
1438:In 2012,
1359:" in the
1172:functions
1134:extortion
1122:baksheesh
1104:promotion
1058:, favor,
1005:emolument
1001:privilege
973:integrity
961:receiving
892:Australia
876:Venezuela
831:Argentina
815:Nicaragua
653:Lithuania
507:Sri Lanka
497:Singapore
417:Indonesia
261:Mauritius
8230:Wikinews
8087:Adultery
8057:Poaching
7993:Against
7978:Sedition
7922:Regicide
7874:Genocide
7849:Apostasy
7831:Mischief
7767:Gambling
7732:Burglary
7705:property
7703:Against
7687:Stabbing
7682:Stalking
7665:Homicide
7628:Menacing
7608:Homicide
7260:Laws and
7193:(Russia)
7175:(Poland)
7123:(Latvia)
7082:(China)
7044:National
6898:Nepotism
6868:Cronyism
6773:Kickback
6450:Coercion
6440:Bullying
6404:Flattery
6294:Evidence
6275:Property
6265:Contract
6227:Sedition
6131:Uttering
6033:Trespass
6008:Burglary
5906:Causing
5902:Nuisance
5699:Homicide
5662:Insanity
5607:Defences
5493:Mens rea
5205:NC Times
5041:Archived
5013:Archived
4957:Archived
4885:Archived
4867:Archived
4838:Archived
4788:Archived
4754:Archived
4729:Archived
4704:Archived
4679:Archived
4663:54034648
4607:Archived
4584:Archived
4566:Archived
4545:Archived
4520:Archived
4454:Archived
4237:Archived
4212:Archived
4182:archived
4047:Lobbying
4037:Largitio
3961:See also
3800:Thailand
3674:Slovenia
3653:Slovakia
3590:Scotland
3443:Portugal
3359:Paraguay
3149:Mongolia
3023:Maldives
3002:Malaysia
2623:Honduras
2434:Eswatini
2350:Dominica
2329:Djibouti
2203:Colombia
2140:Cameroon
2119:Bulgaria
1951:Barbados
1598:against
1596:no-balls
1481:Referees
1393:Business
1337:lobbying
1323:receive
1295:Politics
1285:patients
1252:Medicine
1080:donation
1060:discount
957:offering
861:Paraguay
851:Colombia
810:Honduras
723:Slovenia
718:Slovakia
698:Portugal
583:Bulgaria
522:Thailand
487:Pakistan
467:Malaysia
387:Cambodia
336:Zimbabwe
316:Tanzania
226:Ethiopia
191:Cameroon
186:Botswana
118:Throffer
88:Nepotism
53:Cronyism
8250:Bribery
8187:Attempt
8029:Perjury
7995:justice
7963:Treason
7906:smoking
7902:alcohol
7869:Dueling
7854:Begging
7802:Robbery
7782:Looting
7777:Larceny
7757:Forgery
7728:Bribery
7692:Torture
7677:Robbery
7635: (
7588:Frameup
7558:Battery
7553:Assault
7487:Summary
7465:Classes
7349:Protest
7221:(Spain)
7111:(India)
6810:Scandal
6708:Bribery
6687:General
6465:Mobbing
6389:Bribery
6379:Big lie
6289:estates
6152:Perjury
6147:Bribery
6121:Forgery
6013:Robbery
5971:of oath
5969:Perjury
5809:Treason
5779:Battery
5759:Robbery
5634:Consent
5593:Attempt
5449:Summary
5050:9 March
4153:Bribery
4146::
3968:Ambitus
3905:Uruguay
3842:Ukraine
3485:Romania
3233:Namibia
3212:Myanmar
3191:Morocco
3107:Moldova
2897:Lebanon
2750:Jamaica
2644:Hungary
2560:Grenada
2518:Germany
2497:Georgia
2455:Finland
2413:Estonia
2371:Ecuador
2308:Denmark
2245:Croatia
2077:Bolivia
1993:Belgium
1972:Belarus
1930:Bahamas
1888:Austria
1867:Armenia
1825:Andorra
1804:Algeria
1783:Albania
1761:Country
1653:Samsung
1600:England
1444:noted:
1355:" and "
1261:doctors
1115:Tipping
1076:funding
969:honesty
955:is the
953:Bribery
884:Oceania
871:Uruguay
856:Ecuador
836:Bolivia
743:Ukraine
703:Romania
663:Moldova
633:Ireland
628:Iceland
623:Hungary
613:Germany
603:Finland
598:Denmark
588:Croatia
573:Belgium
568:Austria
563:Albania
542:Vietnam
472:Myanmar
462:Lebanon
407:Georgia
367:Bahrain
357:Armenia
321:Tunisia
296:Somalia
286:Senegal
281:Nigeria
271:Namibia
266:Morocco
251:Liberia
246:Lesotho
221:Eritrea
201:Comoros
48:Bribery
8117:Incest
8092:Bigamy
7917:Piracy
7904:, and
7787:Payola
7653:felony
7648:Murder
7643:Mayhem
7497:Hybrid
7482:Felony
7138:BIANCO
6285:Trusts
5865:Affray
5703:Murder
5619:Duress
5332:Forbes
5254:
4989:
4937:
4929:
4844:2 June
4804:"bung"
4661:
4388:
4380:
4320:
4312:
4140:
4072:Payola
3945:
3924:
3903:
3882:
3861:
3840:
3821:Turkey
3819:
3798:
3777:
3756:
3737:Sweden
3735:
3714:
3693:
3672:
3651:
3630:
3611:Serbia
3609:
3588:
3567:
3546:
3525:
3506:Russia
3504:
3483:
3462:
3441:
3422:Poland
3420:
3399:
3378:
3357:
3338:Panama
3336:
3315:
3294:
3273:
3252:
3231:
3210:
3189:
3168:
3147:
3128:Monaco
3126:
3105:
3086:Mexico
3084:
3063:
3042:
3021:
3000:
2979:
2958:
2937:
2916:
2895:
2876:Latvia
2874:
2853:
2834:Kosovo
2832:
2811:
2790:
2771:Jordan
2769:
2748:
2727:
2708:Israel
2706:
2684:
2663:
2642:
2621:
2602:Guyana
2600:
2579:
2558:
2539:Greece
2537:
2516:
2495:
2476:France
2474:
2453:
2432:
2411:
2390:
2369:
2348:
2327:
2306:
2285:
2266:Cyprus
2264:
2243:
2222:
2201:
2180:
2159:
2138:
2117:
2096:
2075:
2056:Bhutan
2054:
2033:
2014:Belize
2012:
1991:
1970:
1949:
1928:
1907:
1886:
1865:
1844:
1823:
1802:
1781:
1637:Abscam
1403:Zambia
1333:policy
1064:waived
981:rebate
841:Brazil
769:Mexico
764:Canada
733:Sweden
713:Serbia
708:Russia
693:Poland
688:Norway
648:Latvia
643:Kosovo
618:Greece
608:France
555:Europe
527:Turkey
447:Kuwait
442:Jordan
432:Israel
397:Cyprus
382:Brunei
377:Bhutan
331:Zambia
326:Uganda
256:Malawi
181:Angola
173:Africa
103:Simony
18:Bribed
7949:state
7898:drugs
7817:Theft
7762:Fraud
7714:Arson
7445:crime
7098:USKOK
6846:State
6758:Fraud
6736:Shell
6731:Dummy
6567:Shill
6323:table
6280:Wills
6018:Theft
5993:Arson
5111:(PDF)
5104:(PDF)
5044:(PDF)
5037:(PDF)
4935:S2CID
4659:S2CID
4613:8 May
4548:(PDF)
4541:(PDF)
4523:(PDF)
4516:(PDF)
4386:S2CID
4318:S2CID
4290:(PDF)
4218:8 May
3954:2022
3933:2021
3912:2022
3891:2022
3870:2021
3849:2020
3828:2014
3807:2022
3786:2018
3779:Syria
3765:2022
3744:2022
3723:2022
3702:2022
3695:Spain
3681:2022
3660:2022
3639:2022
3618:2022
3597:2022
3576:2019
3555:2021
3534:2022
3513:2020
3492:2022
3471:2021
3464:Qatar
3450:2022
3429:2022
3408:2019
3387:2022
3366:2022
3345:2022
3324:2022
3303:2022
3282:2022
3261:2021
3240:2021
3219:2020
3198:2022
3177:2022
3156:2021
3135:2016
3114:2020
3093:2022
3072:2021
3051:2022
3044:Malta
3030:2017
3009:2021
2988:2022
2981:Macau
2967:2022
2946:2022
2925:2016
2904:2017
2883:2022
2862:2021
2841:2021
2820:2022
2813:Kenya
2799:2020
2778:2022
2757:2022
2736:2022
2729:Italy
2715:2022
2694:2021
2672:2022
2651:2022
2630:2022
2609:2022
2588:2021
2567:2022
2546:2022
2525:2022
2504:2019
2483:2022
2462:2022
2441:2021
2420:2022
2399:2022
2378:2022
2357:2022
2336:2018
2315:2022
2294:2022
2273:2022
2252:2022
2231:2022
2210:2022
2189:2016
2182:China
2168:2022
2161:Chile
2147:2020
2126:2022
2105:2022
2084:2022
2063:2020
2042:2017
2035:Benin
2021:2022
2000:2021
1979:2019
1958:2022
1937:2022
1916:2021
1895:2022
1874:2019
1853:2022
1832:2019
1811:2021
1790:2022
1769:Year
1685:Italy
1613:2004.
1265:drugs
1243:Trade
1102:, or
1022:Forms
989:goods
963:, or
846:Chile
805:Haiti
728:Spain
638:Italy
547:Yemen
512:Syria
477:Nepal
437:Japan
412:India
392:China
311:Sudan
276:Niger
241:Kenya
231:Ghana
211:Egypt
8142:Rape
6287:and
6270:Tort
5939:Rout
5855:Riot
5827:Rape
5384:2024
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