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Compressed tea

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1230: 50: 3658: 1668: 1367: 107: 1717:(formerly Yachou-fu) in Sichuan province. The bricks were produced in five different qualities and valued accordingly. The kind of brick which was most commonly used as currency in the late 19th and early 20th century was that of the third quality which the Tibetans called "brgyad pa" ("eighth"), because at one time it was worth eight 1254:
to better preserve their form so they could withstand physical use as currency. Newly formed tea bricks were then left to cure, dry, and age prior to being sold or traded. Tea bricks were preferred in Asian trade prior to the 19th century, since they were more compact and less susceptible to physical
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which they mix with their tea. Brick tea comprises not only what we call tea leaves, but also the coarser leaves and some of the twigs of the shrub, as well as the leaves and fruit of other plants and trees (the alder, for instance). This amalgam is steamed, weighed, and compressed into hard bricks,
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To produce a tea brick, ground or whole tea is first steamed, then placed into one of a number of types of press and compressed into a solid form. Such presses may leave an intended imprint on the tea, such as an artistic design or simply the pattern of the cloth with which the tea was pressed. Many
2094:, Der Primitivgeldsammler. Europäische Vereinigung zum Erforschen, Sammeln und Bewahren von ursprünglichen und außergewöhnlichen Geldformen (European Association for the Research, Collection and Preservation of Original and Curious Money), No. 75, Rüsselsheim. This article was also published in the 1335:
The brick tea is packaged either in the courtyard or in the street outside, and it is quite a complicated process. When the coolies bring it in from Ya'an, it has to be repacked before being consigned upcountry, for in a coolie's load the standard subunit is four bricks lashed together, and these
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Wolfgang Bertsch, 2006 The Use of Tea Bricks as Currency among the Tibetans (- Der Gebrauch von Teeziegeln als Zahlungsmittel bei den Tibetern" Der Primitivgeldsammler), Europäische Vereinigung zum Erforschen, Sammeln und Bewahren von ursprünglichen und außergewöhnlichen Geldformen (European
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teas, as well as for souvenirs and novelty items, though most compressed teas produced in modern times are usually made from whole leaves. The compressed tea can take various traditional forms, many of them still being produced. A dome-shaped nugget of 100g (standard size) is simply called
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Due to their density and toughness tea bricks were consumed after they were broken into small pieces and boiled. Traditionally, in the Tang Dynasty, they were consumed being ground to a fine powder. The legacy of using tea bricks in powdered form can be seen in modern
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In ancient China, compressed teas were usually made with thoroughly dried and ground tea leaves that were pressed into various bricks or other shapes, although partially dried and whole leaves were also used. Some tea bricks were also mixed with binding agents such as
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the tea brick and destroy any mold or insect infestation that may have occurred when the bricks were stored uncovered in warehouses and storerooms or in covered jars underground. Toasting also imparted a pleasant flavor to the resulting
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to some extent. Tea bricks that are made from old tea leaves and stems can accumulate large amounts of this element, which can make them unsafe for consumption in large quantities or over prolonged periods. Use of such teas has led to
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which are packed up in coarse matting in subunits of four. These rectangular parcels weigh between twenty-two and twenty-six pounds—the quality of the tea makes a slight difference to the weight—and are carried to Kangting by coolies.
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powdered tea bricks are moistened with rice water in pressing to assure that the tea powder sticks together. The pressed blocks of tea are then left to dry in storage until a suitable degree of moisture has evaporated.
1281:), which is translated several ways, sometimes as "bird's nest tea" or "bowl tea". A small dome-shaped nugget with a dimple underneath just enough to make one pot or cup of tea is called a 1221:, are still commonly found in bricks, discs, and other pressed forms. Tea bricks can be made into beverages like tea or eaten as food, and were also used in the past as a form of currency. 1451:
type teas are flaked, chipped, or broken and directly steeped after thorough rinsing; the process of toasting, grinding, and whisking to make tea from tea bricks has become uncommon.
1443:: The powdered tea was mixed into hot water and frothed with a whisk before serving. The color and patterns formed by the powdered tea were enjoyed while the mixture was being drunk. 1327:
Although the Chinese regard it as an inferior product, greatly esteemed by the Tibetans for powerful flavor, which harmonizes particularly well with that of the rancid
1706:. The tea could not only be used as money and eaten as food in times of hunger but also brewed as allegedly beneficial medicine for treating coughs and colds. Until 1698:. This is quite similar to the use of salt bricks as currency in parts of Africa. Tea bricks were in fact the preferred form of currency over metallic coins for the 1655:
and central Asia, a mixture of ground tea bricks, grain flours and boiling water is eaten directly. It has been suggested that tea eaten whole provides needed
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Cao, J.; Zhao, Y.; Liu, J. (1997). "Brick tea consumption as the cause of dental fluorosis among children from Mongol, Kazak and Yugu populations in China".
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Cao, Jin; Zhao, Yan; Liu, Jianwei; Xirao, Ruoden; Danzeng, Sangbu; Daji, Dawei; Yan, Yu (2003). "Brick tea fluoride as a main source of adult fluorosis".
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Rosthorn, Arthur de (1895): On the Tea Cultivation in Western Ssuch´uan and the Trade with Tibet via Tachienlu. Luzac & Co., London, 1895.
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would be the wrong shape for animal transport. So they are first cut in two, then put together in lots of three, leaving what they call a
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in the past as much as in modern times. In Tibet pieces of tea are broken from tea bricks, and boiled overnight in water, sometimes with
1299:; the first word meaning "small") which usually weighs 3g–5g. A larger piece around 357g, which may be a disc with a dimple, is called 1455: 1207:
leaves that have been packed in molds and pressed into block form. This was the most commonly produced and used form of tea in ancient
1950: 1911: 1489: "cake tea"), was the most commonly produced and consumed type of tea in pre-modern Korea. Pressed tea made into the shape of 2175:
National Palace Museum Exhibition Brochure "Empty Vessels, Replenished Minds: the Culture, Practice and Art of Tea" Taiwan 2002
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Cao, J.; Zhao, Y.; Liu, J.W. (1998). "Safety evaluation and fluorine concentration of pu'er brick tea and bianxiao brick tea".
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is called Pah. Individual portions of the mixture are kneaded in a small bowl, formed into balls and eaten. Some cities of the
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The Use of Tea Bricks as Currency among the Tibetans ("Der Gebrauch von Teeziegeln als Zahlungsmittel bei den Tibetern")
3579: 1742:, a form of fluoride poisoning that affects the bones and teeth, in areas of high brick tea consumption such as Tibet. 2218: 93: 71: 64: 3702: 2261: 2016: 1071: 929: 807: 665: 543: 401: 279: 137: 947: 683: 419: 155: 1883: 3682: 3385: 3204: 1648:, where concentrated tea is mixed with grain flour. However, the tea may or may not be made of tea bricks. 1682:
Due to the high value of tea in many parts of Asia, tea bricks were used as a form of currency throughout
3219: 3186: 1829: 1426:: A piece was broken from the tea brick and usually first toasted over a fire. This was probably done to 2099: 2735: 2833: 2802: 2791: 17: 1215:. Although tea bricks are less commonly produced in modern times, many post-fermented teas, such as 3330: 3214: 1989: 58: 3574: 3300: 3209: 3113: 3108: 3103: 3026: 2908: 2551: 2043:
Association for the Research, Collection and Preservation of Original and Curious Money), No. 75
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damage than loose leaf tea. This was important during transportation over land by
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Yishi, Chen; Fanzhou, Chen (1990). "A Survey of Export of Yunnan Tea for Tibet".
1309:, literally "biscuit tea" or "cake tea"). A large, flat, square brick is called 2234: 1806:. Translated by Peter Fleming. E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc., U.S.A., pp. 83-84. 1769: 3609: 3141: 3136: 3095: 2969: 2868: 2664: 2571: 2403: 2385: 2335: 2288: 1718: 1260: 1003: 739: 475: 211: 1782: 3676: 3244: 2990: 2863: 2858: 2745: 2702: 2556: 2488: 2428: 2247: 1725:. Bricks of this standard were also exported by Tibet to Bhutan and Ladakh. 1294: 1291: 1288: 3692: 3661: 3634: 3624: 3619: 3599: 3528: 3498: 3432: 2903: 2710: 2659: 2641: 2606: 2511: 2458: 2448: 2413: 2074: 1707: 1695: 1608: 1584: 1427: 1408: 1212: 989: 725: 461: 197: 2239: 2154: 2125: 3437: 3318: 3148: 2878: 2843: 2781: 2771: 2669: 2621: 2586: 2438: 2423: 2365: 3614: 3591: 3370: 3355: 3335: 2958: 2913: 2893: 2853: 2848: 2838: 2828: 2679: 2636: 2591: 2541: 2521: 2493: 2468: 2370: 2355: 1624: 1328: 2566: 1710:, tea bricks were still used as a form of edible currency in Siberia. 1419:
In ancient China the use of tea bricks involved three separate steps:
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according to the shape and size, are blocks of whole or finely ground
3604: 3483: 3478: 3457: 3447: 3442: 3422: 3259: 2976: 2898: 2651: 2546: 2531: 2503: 2483: 2463: 2315: 2307: 1721:(standard silver coin of Tibet which weighs about 5.4 grams) in 1384: 1200: 1196: 38: 3452: 3417: 3402: 3390: 3323: 3313: 3308: 3279: 3269: 3264: 3249: 2963: 2725: 2536: 2473: 2380: 2340: 2320: 1734: 1714: 1691: 1656: 1652: 1491: 1437:: The toasted tea brick was broken up and ground to a fine powder. 3639: 3518: 3493: 3473: 3412: 3274: 2918: 2601: 2596: 2561: 1703: 1397: 31: 2164:
Tibet Studies. Journal of the Tibetan Academy of Social Sciences
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Tea bricks are still currently manufactured for drinking, as in
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tea. Individual leaves can be seen on the surface of the brick.
112: 1667: 37:"Block tea" redirects here. For the encryption algorithm, see 2581: 1722: 1699: 1687: 1683: 1641: 1619:. The resulting concentrated tea infusion is then mixed with 1612: 1371: 1247: 1243: 1208: 1108: 1040: 844: 776: 580: 512: 316: 248: 1344:, which are bound for remote destinations, perhaps even for 106: 2997: 1852:"Historycity about Coastal inflow of tteok-tea to Jeon-nam" 1672: 1616: 1126: 862: 598: 334: 2180:
Jordan, Reinhold (1975). "Ein Beitrag zum Teeziegelgeld".
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Tea bricks for Tibet were mainly produced in the area of
1884:"Taste the slow life with these Korean food specialties" 1158: 894: 630: 366: 2196:
Sigler, O. Phares (January 1950). "Brick Tea Money".
1008: 994: 744: 730: 480: 466: 216: 202: 1090: 1076: 826: 812: 562: 548: 298: 284: 1793:. E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc., U.S.A., pp. 59-60. 1607:Tea bricks are used as a form of food in parts of 1233:Porters laden with "brick tea" in a 1908 photo by 1395:as well as the pulverized tea leaves used in the 3674: 2052: 1133: 1131: 1115: 1113: 869: 867: 851: 849: 605: 603: 587: 585: 341: 339: 323: 321: 2255: 1402: 1378: 1314: 1304: 1286: 1276: 954: 952: 936: 934: 690: 688: 672: 670: 426: 424: 408: 406: 162: 160: 144: 142: 2161: 1578: 1572: 1562: 1556: 1542: 1536: 1522: 1516: 1502: 1480: 1474: 1460: 1045: 1031: 781: 767: 517: 503: 253: 239: 2269: 1548: 1528: 1508: 1486: 1466: 2262: 2248: 2132: 2103: 1623:, cream or milk and a little salt to make 3590: 3197: 1867: 1815: 1809: 94:Learn how and when to remove this message 1943: 1767: 1666: 1365: 1228: 105: 57:This article includes a list of general 1904: 1876: 14: 3675: 2195: 2179: 1763: 1761: 1759: 2243: 1964:National Institute of Korean Language 1925:National Institute of Korean Language 1816:Cheong, Kyoung; Cho, Hee-sun (2006). 2208: 1856:Journal of North-East Asian Cultures 1849: 43: 1959:Standard Korean Language Dictionary 1920:Standard Korean Language Dictionary 1843: 1756: 1583:), named after its birthplace, the 1495:, the coins with holes, was called 1411:and some people in Hunan province. 24: 3580:Tea Research and Extension Station 1662: 63:it lacks sufficient corresponding 25: 3714: 2235:Tea Money of China. Ken Bressett. 2228: 1733:All tea plant tissues accumulate 1728: 3657: 3656: 48: 2894:Afternoon/High tea/Evening meal 2046: 2036: 2009: 1627:, a staple of Tibetan cuisine. 1469: "cake tea"), also called 1982: 1869:10.17949/jneac.1.42.201503.006 1796: 1776: 1659:normally lacking in the diet. 1579: 1573: 1563: 1557: 1543: 1537: 1523: 1517: 1503: 1481: 1475: 1461: 1361: 1159: 1134: 1116: 1091: 1077: 1009: 995: 955: 953: 937: 935: 895: 870: 852: 827: 813: 745: 731: 691: 689: 673: 671: 631: 606: 588: 563: 549: 481: 467: 427: 425: 409: 407: 367: 342: 324: 299: 285: 217: 203: 163: 161: 145: 143: 27:Tea leaves pressed into blocks 13: 1: 2198:Numismatic Scrapbook Magazine 2147:10.1016/S0278-6915(97)00049-5 2118:10.1016/S0278-6915(98)00087-8 2067:10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00285-5 1822:Journal of Korean Tea Society 1768:Bressett, Ken (August 2001). 1745: 1235:Ernest Henry "Chinese" Wilson 1224: 2135:Food and Chemical Toxicology 2106:Food and Chemical Toxicology 2098:and is available as website: 2055:Food and Chemical Toxicology 1750: 1671:A brick of tea presented to 7: 1414: 1393:Japanese matcha tea powders 1348:, are sewn up in yakhides. 1319:, literally "square tea"). 10: 3719: 2084: 1551: "green moss coin"). 1447:In modern times bricks of 36: 29: 3652: 3466: 3346: 3288: 3237: 3122: 3094: 3009: 2951: 2886: 2877: 2816: 2803:Strobilanthes tonkinensis 2734: 2701: 2678: 2650: 2502: 2394: 2306: 2297: 2284: 2090:Bertsch, Wolfgang (2006) 1850:Jung, Seo-Kyeong (2015). 1403: 1379: 1315: 1305: 1287: 1277: 1170: 1152: 1147: 1143: 1132: 1125: 1114: 1107: 1102: 1084: 1070: 1065: 1061: 1053: 1046: 1039: 1032: 1025: 1020: 1002: 988: 981: 976: 972: 964: 946: 928: 923: 919: 914: 906: 888: 883: 879: 868: 861: 850: 843: 838: 820: 806: 801: 797: 789: 782: 775: 768: 761: 756: 738: 724: 717: 712: 708: 700: 682: 664: 659: 655: 650: 642: 624: 619: 615: 604: 597: 586: 579: 574: 556: 542: 537: 533: 525: 518: 511: 504: 497: 492: 474: 460: 453: 448: 444: 436: 418: 400: 395: 391: 386: 378: 360: 355: 351: 340: 333: 322: 315: 310: 292: 278: 273: 269: 261: 254: 247: 240: 233: 228: 210: 196: 189: 184: 180: 172: 154: 136: 131: 127: 122: 3545:Teas of related species 3386:Hong Kong–style milk tea 3331:Epigallocatechin gallate 1952: 1913: 930:Traditional Chinese 666:Traditional Chinese 402:Traditional Chinese 138:Traditional Chinese 30:Not to be confused with 3575:Lipton Institute of Tea 2909:East Asian tea ceremony 1828:(3): 71. Archived from 1602: 1531: "money tea"), or 948:Simplified Chinese 684:Simplified Chinese 564:pyŏktol-ch'a / chŏnch'a 420:Simplified Chinese 156:Simplified Chinese 78:more precise citations. 3703:Alternative currencies 3169:Consumption by country 1679: 1387: 1359: 1238: 1237:, an explorer botanist 550:byeokdol-cha / jeoncha 117: 110:A compressed brick of 2767:English afternoon tea 1802:Migot, André (1955). 1670: 1644:have food similar to 1593:South Jeolla Province 1369: 1325: 1232: 109: 3541:List of Chinese teas 2022:Slow Food Foundation 1995:Slow Food Foundation 1770:"Tea Money of China" 1511: "money tea"), 1383:), made of powdered 1092:tŏngi-ch'a / tanch'a 1072:Revised Romanization 828:ttŏkch'a / pyŏngch'a 814:tteokcha / byeongcha 808:Revised Romanization 632:hicha, tōcha, sencha 544:Revised Romanization 280:Revised Romanization 3683:Currencies of China 2964:Teahouse or tearoom 2211:Chinese tea culture 2209:Wang, Ling (2003). 1889:Korea JungAng Daily 1630:The tea mixed with 1078:deongi-cha / dancha 3564:Camellia taliensis 1680: 1388: 1239: 1205:post-fermented tea 118: 3670: 3669: 3648: 3647: 3557:Camellia sasanqua 3550:Camellia japonica 3233: 3232: 3090: 3089: 2812: 2811: 2787:Maghrebi mint tea 2577:Huangshan Maofeng 2276:Camellia sinensis 2017:"Borim Backmocha" 1892:. 24 October 2010 1569:Borim-baengmo-cha 1174: 1173: 1166: 1165: 1098: 1097: 1086:McCune–Reischauer 1016: 1015: 983:Standard Mandarin 910: 909: 902: 901: 834: 833: 822:McCune–Reischauer 752: 751: 719:Standard Mandarin 646: 645: 638: 637: 570: 569: 558:McCune–Reischauer 488: 487: 455:Standard Mandarin 382: 381: 374: 373: 306: 305: 294:McCune–Reischauer 224: 223: 191:Standard Mandarin 104: 103: 96: 16:(Redirected from 3710: 3660: 3659: 3588: 3587: 3366:Burmese milk tea 3301:Phenolic content 3195: 3194: 2884: 2883: 2777:Lapsang souchong 2552:Lu'an Melon Seed 2304: 2303: 2264: 2257: 2250: 2241: 2240: 2224: 2205: 2189: 2171: 2158: 2129: 2079: 2078: 2050: 2044: 2040: 2034: 2033: 2031: 2029: 2013: 2007: 2006: 2004: 2002: 1986: 1980: 1979: 1977: 1975: 1970:on 20 March 2017 1966:. Archived from 1947: 1941: 1940: 1938: 1936: 1931:on 20 March 2017 1927:. Archived from 1908: 1902: 1901: 1899: 1897: 1880: 1874: 1873: 1871: 1847: 1841: 1840: 1838: 1837: 1813: 1807: 1800: 1794: 1789:. Translated by 1780: 1774: 1773: 1765: 1702:of Mongolia and 1638:Fukui prefecture 1582: 1581: 1576: 1575: 1566: 1565: 1560: 1559: 1550: 1546: 1545: 1540: 1539: 1530: 1526: 1525: 1520: 1519: 1510: 1506: 1505: 1488: 1484: 1483: 1478: 1477: 1468: 1464: 1463: 1406: 1405: 1382: 1381: 1357: 1318: 1317: 1308: 1307: 1298: 1297: 1280: 1279: 1162: 1161: 1145: 1144: 1139: 1138: 1137: 1136: 1121: 1120: 1119: 1118: 1094: 1093: 1080: 1079: 1063: 1062: 1049: 1048: 1035: 1034: 1012: 1011: 998: 997: 974: 973: 960: 959: 958: 957: 942: 941: 940: 939: 912: 911: 898: 897: 896:heicha, mochicha 881: 880: 875: 874: 873: 872: 857: 856: 855: 854: 830: 829: 816: 815: 799: 798: 785: 784: 771: 770: 748: 747: 734: 733: 710: 709: 696: 695: 694: 693: 678: 677: 676: 675: 648: 647: 634: 633: 617: 616: 611: 610: 609: 608: 593: 592: 591: 590: 566: 565: 552: 551: 535: 534: 521: 520: 507: 506: 484: 483: 470: 469: 446: 445: 432: 431: 430: 429: 414: 413: 412: 411: 384: 383: 370: 369: 353: 352: 347: 346: 345: 344: 329: 328: 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1753: 1748: 1731: 1719:Tibetan tangkas 1665: 1663:Use as currency 1605: 1595:, is a popular 1417: 1407:) eaten by the 1364: 1358: 1355:Tibetan Marches 1352: 1227: 1154:Revised Hepburn 1054:Literal meaning 965:Literal meaning 890:Revised Hepburn 790:Literal meaning 701:Literal meaning 626:Revised Hepburn 526:Literal meaning 437:Literal meaning 362:Revised Hepburn 262:Literal meaning 218:chin3-ya1-ch'a2 176:tight press tea 173:Literal meaning 100: 89: 83: 80: 70:Please help to 69: 53: 49: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3716: 3706: 3705: 3700: 3695: 3690: 3685: 3668: 3667: 3665: 3664: 3653: 3650: 3649: 3646: 3645: 3643: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3596: 3594: 3585: 3584: 3583: 3582: 3577: 3569: 3568: 3567: 3560: 3553: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3532: 3531: 3523: 3522: 3521: 3516: 3511: 3506: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3481: 3470: 3468: 3464: 3463: 3461: 3460: 3455: 3450: 3445: 3440: 3435: 3430: 3425: 3420: 3415: 3410: 3405: 3400: 3399: 3398: 3388: 3383: 3378: 3373: 3368: 3363: 3358: 3352: 3350: 3344: 3343: 3341: 3340: 3339: 3338: 3333: 3328: 3327: 3326: 3316: 3311: 3303: 3298: 3296:Health effects 3292: 3290: 3286: 3285: 3283: 3282: 3277: 3272: 3267: 3262: 3257: 3255:Compressed tea 3252: 3247: 3245:Flowering teas 3241: 3239: 3235: 3234: 3231: 3230: 3228: 3227: 3222: 3217: 3212: 3207: 3201: 3199: 3192: 3191: 3190: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3171: 3166: 3161: 3160: 3159: 3151: 3146: 3145: 3144: 3142:Decaffeination 3134: 3128: 3126: 3120: 3119: 3117: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3100: 3098: 3092: 3091: 3088: 3087: 3085: 3084: 3079: 3074: 3069: 3064: 3059: 3054: 3049: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3029: 3024: 3019: 3013: 3011: 3007: 3006: 3004: 3003: 3002: 3001: 2994: 2987: 2973: 2970:Cha chaan teng 2966: 2961: 2955: 2953: 2949: 2948: 2946: 2945: 2944: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2922: 2921: 2906: 2901: 2896: 2890: 2888: 2881: 2875: 2874: 2872: 2871: 2866: 2861: 2856: 2851: 2846: 2841: 2836: 2831: 2826: 2820: 2818: 2814: 2813: 2810: 2809: 2807: 2806: 2799: 2794: 2789: 2784: 2779: 2774: 2769: 2764: 2753: 2742: 2740: 2738:flavoured teas 2732: 2731: 2729: 2728: 2723: 2718: 2713: 2707: 2705: 2699: 2698: 2696: 2695: 2690: 2684: 2682: 2676: 2675: 2673: 2672: 2667: 2665:Baihao Yinzhen 2662: 2656: 2654: 2648: 2647: 2645: 2644: 2639: 2634: 2629: 2627:Mengding Ganlu 2624: 2619: 2614: 2609: 2604: 2599: 2594: 2589: 2584: 2579: 2574: 2572:Taiping houkui 2569: 2564: 2559: 2554: 2549: 2544: 2539: 2534: 2529: 2524: 2519: 2514: 2508: 2506: 2500: 2499: 2497: 2496: 2491: 2486: 2481: 2476: 2471: 2466: 2461: 2456: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2436: 2431: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2406: 2400: 2398: 2392: 2391: 2389: 2388: 2383: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2358: 2353: 2348: 2343: 2338: 2333: 2328: 2323: 2318: 2312: 2310: 2301: 2295: 2294: 2292: 2291: 2285: 2282: 2281: 2267: 2266: 2259: 2252: 2244: 2238: 2237: 2230: 2229:External links 2227: 2226: 2225: 2219: 2206: 2193: 2190: 2177: 2172: 2159: 2130: 2112:(12): 1061–3. 2101: 2086: 2083: 2081: 2080: 2045: 2035: 2008: 1981: 1942: 1903: 1875: 1842: 1808: 1795: 1775: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1747: 1744: 1730: 1729:Health effects 1727: 1664: 1661: 1604: 1601: 1445: 1444: 1438: 1432: 1416: 1413: 1363: 1360: 1350: 1261:Tea Horse Road 1226: 1223: 1177:Compressed tea 1172: 1171: 1168: 1167: 1164: 1163: 1156: 1150: 1149: 1148:Transcriptions 1141: 1140: 1129: 1123: 1122: 1111: 1105: 1104: 1100: 1099: 1096: 1095: 1088: 1082: 1081: 1074: 1068: 1067: 1066:Transcriptions 1059: 1058: 1055: 1051: 1050: 1043: 1037: 1036: 1029: 1023: 1022: 1018: 1017: 1014: 1013: 1006: 1000: 999: 992: 986: 985: 979: 978: 977:Transcriptions 970: 969: 966: 962: 961: 950: 944: 943: 932: 926: 925: 921: 920: 917: 916: 908: 907: 904: 903: 900: 899: 892: 886: 885: 884:Transcriptions 877: 876: 865: 859: 858: 847: 841: 840: 836: 835: 832: 831: 824: 818: 817: 810: 804: 803: 802:Transcriptions 795: 794: 791: 787: 786: 779: 773: 772: 765: 759: 758: 754: 753: 750: 749: 742: 736: 735: 728: 722: 721: 715: 714: 713:Transcriptions 706: 705: 702: 698: 697: 686: 680: 679: 668: 662: 661: 657: 656: 653: 652: 644: 643: 640: 639: 636: 635: 628: 622: 621: 620:Transcriptions 613: 612: 601: 595: 594: 583: 577: 576: 572: 571: 568: 567: 560: 554: 553: 546: 540: 539: 538:Transcriptions 531: 530: 527: 523: 522: 515: 509: 508: 501: 495: 494: 490: 489: 486: 485: 478: 472: 471: 464: 458: 457: 451: 450: 449:Transcriptions 442: 441: 438: 434: 433: 422: 416: 415: 404: 398: 397: 393: 392: 389: 388: 380: 379: 376: 375: 372: 371: 364: 358: 357: 356:Transcriptions 349: 348: 337: 331: 330: 319: 313: 312: 308: 307: 304: 303: 296: 290: 289: 282: 276: 275: 274:Transcriptions 267: 266: 263: 259: 258: 251: 245: 244: 237: 231: 230: 226: 225: 222: 221: 214: 208: 207: 200: 194: 193: 187: 186: 185:Transcriptions 178: 177: 174: 170: 169: 158: 152: 151: 140: 134: 133: 129: 128: 125: 124: 123:Compressed tea 102: 101: 56: 54: 47: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3715: 3704: 3701: 3699: 3696: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3680: 3678: 3663: 3655: 3654: 3651: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3597: 3595: 3593: 3589: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3572: 3571:Tea research 3570: 3566: 3565: 3561: 3559: 3558: 3554: 3552: 3551: 3547: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3530: 3527: 3526: 3524: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3476: 3475: 3472: 3471: 3469: 3465: 3459: 3456: 3454: 3451: 3449: 3446: 3444: 3441: 3439: 3436: 3434: 3431: 3429: 3426: 3424: 3421: 3419: 3416: 3414: 3411: 3409: 3406: 3404: 3401: 3397: 3396:Arnold Palmer 3394: 3393: 3392: 3389: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3374: 3372: 3369: 3367: 3364: 3362: 3361:Builder's tea 3359: 3357: 3354: 3353: 3351: 3345: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3325: 3322: 3321: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3306: 3304: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3293: 3291: 3287: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3268: 3266: 3265:ISO procedure 3263: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3248: 3246: 3243: 3242: 3240: 3236: 3226: 3225:United States 3223: 3221: 3218: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3203: 3202: 3200: 3196: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3174: 3172: 3170: 3167: 3165: 3162: 3158: 3155: 3154: 3152: 3150: 3147: 3143: 3140: 3139: 3138: 3135: 3133: 3130: 3129: 3127: 3121: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3101: 3099: 3097: 3093: 3083: 3080: 3078: 3075: 3073: 3070: 3068: 3065: 3063: 3060: 3058: 3055: 3053: 3050: 3048: 3045: 3043: 3040: 3038: 3035: 3033: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3014: 3012: 3008: 3000: 2999: 2995: 2993: 2992: 2991:Sukiya-zukuri 2988: 2986: 2985: 2981: 2980: 2979: 2978: 2974: 2972: 2971: 2967: 2965: 2962: 2960: 2957: 2956: 2954: 2950: 2942: 2939: 2937: 2934: 2932: 2929: 2927: 2924: 2920: 2917: 2916: 2915: 2912: 2911: 2910: 2907: 2905: 2902: 2900: 2897: 2895: 2892: 2891: 2889: 2885: 2882: 2880: 2876: 2870: 2867: 2865: 2862: 2860: 2857: 2855: 2852: 2850: 2847: 2845: 2842: 2840: 2837: 2835: 2832: 2830: 2827: 2825: 2822: 2821: 2819: 2815: 2805: 2804: 2800: 2798: 2795: 2793: 2790: 2788: 2785: 2783: 2780: 2778: 2775: 2773: 2770: 2768: 2765: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2751: 2747: 2744: 2743: 2741: 2739: 2733: 2727: 2724: 2722: 2719: 2717: 2714: 2712: 2709: 2708: 2706: 2704: 2703:Fermented tea 2700: 2694: 2691: 2689: 2686: 2685: 2683: 2681: 2677: 2671: 2668: 2666: 2663: 2661: 2658: 2657: 2655: 2653: 2649: 2643: 2640: 2638: 2635: 2633: 2630: 2628: 2625: 2623: 2620: 2618: 2615: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2603: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2593: 2590: 2588: 2585: 2583: 2580: 2578: 2575: 2573: 2570: 2568: 2565: 2563: 2560: 2558: 2555: 2553: 2550: 2548: 2545: 2543: 2540: 2538: 2535: 2533: 2530: 2528: 2525: 2523: 2520: 2518: 2515: 2513: 2510: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2501: 2495: 2492: 2490: 2487: 2485: 2482: 2480: 2477: 2475: 2472: 2470: 2467: 2465: 2462: 2460: 2457: 2455: 2452: 2450: 2447: 2445: 2442: 2440: 2437: 2435: 2432: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2410: 2407: 2405: 2402: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2393: 2387: 2384: 2382: 2379: 2377: 2374: 2372: 2369: 2367: 2364: 2362: 2359: 2357: 2354: 2352: 2349: 2347: 2346:Golden Monkey 2344: 2342: 2339: 2337: 2334: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2314: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2305: 2302: 2296: 2290: 2287: 2286: 2283: 2278: 2277: 2272: 2265: 2260: 2258: 2253: 2251: 2246: 2245: 2242: 2236: 2233: 2232: 2222: 2220:967-978-778-8 2216: 2212: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2194: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2178: 2176: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2141:(8): 827–33. 2140: 2136: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2102: 2100: 2097: 2096:Tibet Journal 2093: 2089: 2088: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2061:(4): 535–42. 2060: 2056: 2049: 2039: 2024: 2023: 2018: 2012: 1997: 1996: 1991: 1985: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1960: 1955: 1946: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1921: 1916: 1907: 1891: 1890: 1885: 1879: 1870: 1865: 1861: 1858:(in Korean). 1857: 1853: 1846: 1832:on 2017-03-20 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1812: 1805: 1799: 1792: 1791:Peter Fleming 1788: 1784: 1779: 1771: 1764: 1762: 1760: 1755: 1743: 1741: 1736: 1726: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1711: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1677: 1674: 1669: 1660: 1658: 1654: 1649: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1634: 1628: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1600: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1570: 1554: 1534: 1533:cheongtaejeon 1514: 1500: 1499: 1494: 1493: 1472: 1458: 1457: 1452: 1450: 1442: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1422: 1421: 1420: 1412: 1410: 1400: 1399: 1394: 1386: 1376: 1373: 1368: 1356: 1353:André Migot, 1349: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1333: 1330: 1324: 1320: 1312: 1302: 1296: 1293: 1290: 1284: 1274: 1269: 1264: 1262: 1258: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1236: 1231: 1222: 1220: 1219: 1214: 1211:prior to the 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1169: 1157: 1155: 1151: 1146: 1142: 1130: 1128: 1124: 1112: 1110: 1106: 1103:Japanese name 1101: 1089: 1087: 1083: 1075: 1073: 1069: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1044: 1042: 1038: 1030: 1028: 1024: 1019: 1007: 1005: 1001: 993: 991: 987: 984: 980: 975: 971: 967: 963: 951: 949: 945: 933: 931: 927: 922: 918: 913: 905: 893: 891: 887: 882: 878: 866: 864: 860: 848: 846: 842: 839:Japanese name 837: 825: 823: 819: 811: 809: 805: 800: 796: 792: 788: 780: 778: 774: 766: 764: 760: 755: 743: 741: 737: 729: 727: 723: 720: 716: 711: 707: 703: 699: 687: 685: 681: 669: 667: 663: 658: 654: 649: 641: 629: 627: 623: 618: 614: 607:ひちゃ、とうちゃ、せんちゃ 602: 600: 596: 584: 582: 578: 575:Japanese name 573: 561: 559: 555: 547: 545: 541: 536: 532: 528: 524: 516: 514: 510: 502: 500: 496: 491: 482:ch'uan1-ch'a2 479: 477: 473: 465: 463: 459: 456: 452: 447: 443: 439: 435: 423: 421: 417: 405: 403: 399: 394: 390: 385: 377: 365: 363: 359: 354: 350: 338: 336: 332: 320: 318: 314: 311:Japanese name 309: 297: 295: 291: 283: 281: 277: 272: 268: 264: 260: 252: 250: 246: 238: 236: 232: 227: 215: 213: 209: 201: 199: 195: 192: 188: 183: 179: 175: 171: 159: 157: 153: 141: 139: 135: 130: 126: 121: 115: 114: 108: 98: 95: 87: 77: 73: 67: 66: 60: 55: 46: 45: 40: 33: 19: 3625:Koththamalli 3600:Cannabis tea 3562: 3555: 3548: 3529:Tea classics 3433:Shahi haleeb 3254: 3153:Cultivation 3132:Leaf grading 3125:distribution 2996: 2989: 2982: 2975: 2968: 2904:Tasseography 2801: 2642:Tamaryokucha 2512:Anji bai cha 2479:Shui Jin Gui 2454:Huang Meigui 2449:Huangjin Gui 2409:Ban Tian Yao 2274: 2213:. Pelanduk. 2210: 2201: 2197: 2185: 2181: 2170:(1): 154–67. 2167: 2163: 2138: 2134: 2109: 2105: 2095: 2091: 2058: 2054: 2048: 2038: 2026:. Retrieved 2020: 2011: 1999:. Retrieved 1993: 1984: 1972:. Retrieved 1968:the original 1957: 1945: 1933:. Retrieved 1929:the original 1918: 1906: 1894:. Retrieved 1887: 1878: 1859: 1855: 1845: 1834:. Retrieved 1830:the original 1825: 1821: 1811: 1803: 1798: 1786: 1783:Migot, André 1778: 1732: 1712: 1708:World War II 1696:Central Asia 1681: 1651:In parts of 1650: 1645: 1631: 1629: 1609:Central Asia 1606: 1596: 1585:Borim temple 1568: 1552: 1532: 1512: 1496: 1490: 1470: 1454: 1453: 1448: 1446: 1440: 1434: 1423: 1418: 1409:Hakka people 1396: 1389: 1375:mǐ zhūan chá 1374: 1354: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1334: 1329:yak's butter 1326: 1321: 1310: 1300: 1282: 1272: 1267: 1265: 1240: 1216: 1213:Ming Dynasty 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1175: 1010:t'uan2-ch'a2 990:Hanyu Pinyin 924:Chinese name 726:Hanyu Pinyin 660:Chinese name 462:Hanyu Pinyin 396:Chinese name 300:kohyŏng-ch'a 286:gohyeong-cha 198:Hanyu Pinyin 132:Chinese name 111: 90: 81: 62: 3698:Tea culture 3525:Literature 3438:Suutei tsai 3319:Flavan-3-ol 3238:Preparation 3027:Azerbaijani 2782:Masala chai 2772:Jasmine tea 2736:Blended or 2424:Da Hong Pao 2419:Bu Zhi Chun 2351:Jin Jun Mei 1676:Nicholas II 1370:A brick of 1362:Consumption 1283:xiǎo tuóchá 1193:tea nuggets 1021:Korean name 757:Korean name 746:ping3-ch'a2 493:Korean name 368:kin'atsucha 229:Korean name 84:August 2008 76:introducing 3688:Korean tea 3677:Categories 3610:Dried lime 3592:Herbal tea 3371:Butter tea 3356:Bubble tea 3347:Tea-based 3336:Theaflavin 3305:Compounds 3205:Bangladesh 3198:By country 3182:Chittagong 3137:Processing 3077:Senegalese 3010:By country 2959:Tea garden 2869:Vietnamese 2824:Australian 2680:Yellow tea 2592:Kamairicha 2522:Baimao Hou 2494:Tieguanyin 2404:Bai Jiguan 2396:Oolong tea 2386:Yingdehong 2336:Darjeeling 2204:(1): 81–4. 1951:"jeoncha" 1836:2017-03-21 1746:References 1625:butter tea 1225:Production 1181:tea bricks 1004:Wade–Giles 740:Wade–Giles 476:Wade–Giles 212:Wade–Giles 59:references 3605:Chamomile 3458:Yuenyeung 3448:Teh tarik 3443:Sweet tea 3423:Noon chai 3260:Decoction 3220:Sri Lanka 3173:Auctions 3164:Companies 3082:Taiwanese 3067:Pakistani 3047:Hong Kong 3042:Dominican 3032:Brazilian 3022:Argentine 2977:Chashitsu 2936:Taiwanese 2899:Tea party 2859:Taiwanese 2750:Lady Grey 2746:Earl Grey 2660:Bai Mudan 2652:White tea 2587:Kabusecha 2557:Gunpowder 2547:Genmaicha 2532:Biluochun 2504:Green tea 2489:Tieluohan 2484:Shui Xian 2429:Dong ding 2308:Black tea 2300:varieties 2182:Die Münze 1990:"Don Tea" 1912:"doncha" 1751:Citations 1740:fluorosis 1599:variety. 1589:Jangheung 1553:Borim-cha 1471:byeongcha 1431:beverage. 1385:black tea 1201:green tea 1197:black tea 1189:tea lumps 1185:tea cakes 1179:, called 871:へいちゃ、もちちゃ 529:brick tea 440:brick tea 387:Tea brick 265:solid tea 39:Block TEA 18:Brick tea 3662:Category 3499:Strainer 3467:See also 3453:Thai tea 3418:Milk tea 3403:Jagertee 3391:Iced tea 3324:Catechin 3314:Theanine 3309:Caffeine 3280:Tea lady 3270:Steeping 3250:Infusion 3187:Guwahati 3157:Diseases 3057:Japanese 3017:American 2941:Ryukyuan 2926:Japanese 2726:Kombucha 2607:Longjing 2537:Chun Mee 2474:Ruan zhi 2459:Jin Xuan 2414:Baozhong 2341:Dianhong 2075:12615125 2028:21 March 2001:21 March 1974:20 March 1935:20 March 1896:20 March 1785:(1955). 1735:fluorine 1692:Mongolia 1657:roughage 1653:Mongolia 1597:tteokcha 1492:yeopjeon 1456:Tteokcha 1441:Whisking 1435:Grinding 1428:sanitize 1424:Toasting 1415:Beverage 1351:—  1257:caravans 1057:lump tea 1047:덩이茶 / 團茶 1033:덩이차 / 단차 968:lump tea 915:Tea lump 793:cake tea 704:cake tea 651:Tea cake 519:甓돌茶 / 磚茶 505:벽돌차 / 전차 468:zhuānchá 204:jǐnyāchá 3640:Rooibos 3620:Guayusa 3519:Tea set 3494:Infuser 3474:Teaware 3413:Lei cha 3275:Tea bag 3149:Tasting 3096:History 3072:Russian 3062:Mexican 3037:Chinese 2919:Yum cha 2914:Chinese 2887:Customs 2879:Culture 2864:Turkish 2844:Chinese 2834:British 2817:General 2757:English 2670:Shoumei 2637:Shincha 2617:Maojian 2602:Kukicha 2597:Konacha 2567:Hōjicha 2562:Gyokuro 2444:Gaoshan 2439:Fo Shou 2366:Nilgiri 2298:Common 2289:History 2155:9350228 2126:9862647 2085:Sources 1704:Siberia 1513:jeoncha 1398:lei cha 1311:fāngchá 1301:bǐngchá 1259:on the 996:tuánchá 783:떡茶 / 餠茶 769:떡차 / 병차 732:bǐngchá 72:improve 32:teacake 3630:Kuding 3615:Ginger 3536:Coffee 3514:Gaiwan 3509:Teapot 3504:Teacup 3489:Chawan 3408:Kahwah 3376:Chifir 3349:drinks 3289:Health 3215:Rwanda 3177:London 3052:Indian 2984:Mizuya 2931:Korean 2854:Nepali 2849:Korean 2839:Ceylon 2829:Arabic 2721:Lahpet 2716:Doncha 2711:Pu-erh 2632:Sencha 2612:Matcha 2542:Dafang 2527:Bancha 2517:Aracha 2469:Rougui 2376:Tibeti 2371:Sikkim 2361:Keemun 2356:Kangra 2331:Congou 2326:Ceylon 2217:  2153:  2124:  2073:  1700:nomads 1694:, and 1678:, 1891 1646:tsampa 1633:tsampa 1621:butter 1577:; 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Index

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pu-erh
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