38:
322:
703:
1275:
538:
504:, Mr Vyner, Mr Lloyd, Mr Herbert, and Count de Boyl, was captured at Oropos, near Marathon, and a ransom of ÂŁ25,000 was demanded. Lord and Lady Muncaster were set at liberty to seek for the ransom, but the Greek government sent troops in pursuit of the brigands, and the other prisoners were then murdered.
469:. The salt monopoly and the excessive preservation of the game were so oppressive that the peasantry were provoked to violent resistance and to brigandage. The offenders enjoyed a large measure of public sympathy, and were warned or concealed by the population, even when they were not actively supported.
916:
it would be going much too far to say that the absence of an efficient police is the sole cause of brigandage in countries not subject to foreign invasion, or where the state is not very feeble. But there have been times and countries in which the law and its administration have been so far regarded
87:
Bad administration and suitable terrain encourage the development of brigands. Historical examples of brigands (often called so by their enemies) have existed in territories of France, Greece and the
Balkans, India, Italy, Mexico and Spain, as well as certain regions of the United States.
725:, have produced the bandits whose achievements form the subject of popular ballads, such as Francisco Esteban El Guapo (Francis Stephen, the Buck or Dandy), Pedranza, &c. Jose Maria, called El Tempranillo (The Early Bird), was a liberal in the rising against
162:) or as brigands (who can be tried under civilian law as common criminals) depends on whether the detainees "respect the laws and customs of war" and whether they operate within a chain of command and are "not persons acting on their own responsibility".
487:
has never been without its brigand hero, because industry has been stagnant, family feuds persist, and the government has never quite succeeded in persuading the people to support the law. The brigand is always a hero to at least one faction of
769:, armed his farm-servants and resisted the attacks of the brigands. With the help of neighbouring country gentlemen he formed a strong band, known as the Mossos (Boys) of Veciana, the precedent of current Catalan police, the
596:. Sciarrae allowed them to pass unharmed out of his reverence for poets and poetry. Mangone was finally taken and beaten to death with hammers at Naples. He and his like are the heroes of much popular verse, written in
917:
as enemies by people who were not themselves criminals, that all who defied them have been sure of a measure of sympathy. Then and there it was that brigandage has flourished, and has been difficult to extirpate.
84:
are brigands, liable to be tried under civilian laws as common criminals. However, on occasions brigands are not mere malefactors, but may be rebels against a state or union perceived as the enemy.
937:"in a less degree, the possession of convenient hiding-places. A country of mountain and forest is favourable to the brigand. The highlands of Scotland supplied a safe refuge to the 'gentlemen
408:, and built themselves huts, from which they sallied forth with sword and pistol to bid passengers stand". The Gubbings (so called in contempt from the trimmings and refuse of fish) infested
569:
Until the middle of the 19th century Italy was divided into small states; therefore, the brigand who was closely pursued in one could flee to another. Thus it was that Marco
Sciarra of the
554:
733:. He was finally bought off by the government and took a commission to suppress the other brigands. Jose Maria was at last shot by one of them, whom he was endeavouring to arrest.
627:, every successive revolutionary disturbance saw a recrudescence of brigandage down to the unification of 1860–1861. The source of the trouble was the supporters of brigands (like
706:
176:
In certain conditions the brigand has not been a mere malefactor. Brigandage may be, and not infrequently has been, the last resort of a people subject to invasion.
746:, it began in the strife of the peasants against the feudal exactions of the landlords. It had its traditional hero, Roc Guinart, who figures in the second part of
643:(maintainers) – great men, corrupt officials, political parties, and the peasants who were terrorized, or who profited by selling the brigands food and clothes.
252:) had some claim to believe themselves the representatives of their people against oppressors. The only approach to an attempt to maintain order was the
158:
using irregular tactics. Upon capture by the victorious side, whether the capturing power has to recognize them as soldiers (who must be treated as
792:
1287:
650:
and the Rev. John Cruger Murray
Aynsley, were captured and held for ransom; Aynsley was released shortly thereafter. Möens found that the
592:
Marco
Sciarra was the follower and imitator of Benedetto Mangone, who was documented to have stopped a party of travellers which included
773:. The brigands combined to get rid of him by making an attack on the town of Valls, but were repulsed with great loss. The government of
1296:
589:, whence he communicated with his friends at home and paid them occasional visits. On one such visit he was led into a trap and slain.
404:, when "a fraternity of plunderers, thirty in number according to the lowest estimate, squatted near Waltham Cross under the shades of
42:
227:
442:
soldiers who pillaged the country. The second were ruffians who forced their victims to pay ransom by holding their feet in fires.
507:
In the Balkan peninsula, under
Turkish rule, brigandage continued to exist in connection with Christian revolt against the Turks.
762:
501:
1212:
80:
via French from
Italian as early as 1400. Under the laws of war, soldiers acting on their own recognizance without operating in
1249:
Bando: Encyclopedia of
Ephemera: A Guide to the Fragmentary Documents of Everyday Life for the Collector, Curator and Historian
1237:
1171:
1050:
37:
368:
193:, which maintained the national resistance against the French from 1808 to 1814, were called brigands by their enemies. "
654:
of the brigands among the peasants charged famine prices for food, and extortionate prices for clothes and cartridges.
1256:
1218:
573:, when hard pressed by the Spanish viceroy of Naples – just before and after 1600 – could cross the border of the
180:
1022:
564:
171:
815:
there was a considerable amount of a certain kind of brigandage, in early days, when the travel routes to the
754:
647:
387:(raiders). The great haunts of brigands in Europe have been central and southern Italy and parts of Spain.
986:
II. 27 I. 85 Ther ys no steryng of none evyl doers, saf byonde the rivere of Sayne..of certains brigaunts."
1060:
154:
Towards the end of wars, irreconcilables may refuse to accept the loss of their cause, and may continue
1211:
286:
1032:
757:(1700–1714) greatly stimulated Catalan brigandage. A country gentleman named Pere Veciana, hereditary
476:
979:
963:
31:
17:
982:
second edition, 1989. "Brigand.2" first recorded usage of the word was by "H. LUTTRELL in Ellis
726:
472:
401:
816:
787:
823:. Such outlaws, when captured, were often dealt with in an extra-legal manner by groups of
770:
269:
8:
966:
second edition, 1989. "Brigandage" The first recorded usage of the word was by " Holland
828:
636:
310:
306:
690:
In
Slovenia the brigands (called RokovnjaÄŤi) were active especially in the mountainous
675:
360:
187:
1347:
1252:
1233:
1167:
844:
774:
722:
624:
446:
325:
602:
The most beautiful history of the life and death of Pietro
Mancino, chief of Banditi
1357:
1352:
341:
276:
81:
879:
489:
260:. In fact the armatole tended to act more as allies than enemies of the klephts.
159:
58:
1362:
938:
832:
694:
region in the 18th and 19th century. They were suppressed by the army in 1853.
691:
628:
593:
557:
294:
281:
224:
600:
beginning with the traditional epic invocation to the muse. A fine example is
537:
521:
or brigands of India were of the same stamp as their
European colleagues. The
272:
and to a lesser degree, terrain that permits easy escape from the incumbents.
1341:
1291:
1281:
1195:
859:
812:
714:
405:
336:
gave cover to the outlaws, who were flatteringly portrayed in the ballads of
268:
The conditions which favor the development of brigandage may be summed up as
253:
209:
205:
47:
1300:. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 563–566.
438:
around the time of the revolution. The first were large bands of discharged
430:
885:
667:
574:
290:
190:
109:
796:
748:
742:
249:
155:
321:
298:
1207:
895:
820:
702:
632:
353:
337:
105:
1182:
854:
795:, about 1844, brigandage has been well kept down. At the close of the
553:
942:
824:
800:
737:
718:
450:
439:
413:
349:
302:
117:"trooper, skirmisher, foot soldier". The Italian word is from a verb
1190:. American Law Division CRS Report for Congress, Order Code RL31367.
546:
462:
417:
364:
198:
1280:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
777:
then commissioned Veciana to raise a special corps of police, the
864:
679:
582:
570:
542:
526:
522:
517:
480:
345:
333:
220:
123:
62:
1223:. Vol. 2. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 627–628.
890:
874:
869:
849:
663:
586:
348:
gave the Corsican brigand many advantages, just as the bush of
237:
232:
213:
202:
143:
139:
1038:
766:
671:
466:
409:
372:
184:
1184:
Treatment of "Battlefield Detainees" in the War on Terrorism
1228:
Lieber, Francis; Lieber, Hartigan; Shelly, Richard (1983).
578:
458:
70:
305:, Irish guerrillas of a later generation, fought for King
1091:
1089:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
753:
The revolt against the house of Austria in 1640 and the
256:
in order to repress the klephts. They were hence called
254:
permission given to part of the population to carry arms
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
970:
XXXVIII. xlv. 1011e, A privat brigandage and robberie."
1128:
1101:
1066:
1010:
989:
882:, Bedouin military expeditions in pre-Islamic times
713:In Spain brigandage was common in and south of the
449:, the royal government was defied by the troops of
1326:S. Soteropoulos (trans. by the Rev. J. O. Bagdon)
1227:
1140:
1056:
297:. Their contemporaries in Ireland became known as
646:In the Campagna in 1866, two English travellers,
1339:
835:, who were active during the late 18th century.
785:was always a Veciana. Since the organization of
709:, legendary Spanish brigand of the 19th century.
27:Life and practice of highway robbery and plunder
293:tied up many English soldiers of the occupying
412:for a generation from their headquarters near
30:"Brigand" redirects here. For other uses, see
577:and return on a favourable opportunity. When
313:and on his defeat degenerated into brigands.
434:, or Skinners, in the 15th century, and the
721:. In Andalusia, the Sierra Morena, and the
1307:Lives and Exploits of Banditti and Robbers
781:. For five generations the colonel of the
585:combined against him he took service with
43:Italian Brigands Surprised by Papal Troops
608::"Io canto li ricatti, e il fiero ardire
495:
1246:
1194:
1134:
1016:
701:
552:
536:
500:In 1870 an English party, consisting of
320:
36:
1321:English Travellers and Italian Brigands
761:(military and civil lieutenant) of the
615:(Pietro Mancino that great outlawed man
104:) was introduced as early as 1400, via
14:
1340:
1285:
1122:
1095:
1004:
946:
922:
390:
69:, a person who is typically part of a
1180:
1161:
1044:
1028:
941:,' who carried off the cattle of the
811:In relatively unsettled parts of the
729:, 1820–1823, then a smuggler, then a
717:. It reached its greatest heights in
1314:Resena Historica de la Guardia Civil
1181:Elsea, Jennifer (13 January 2005) .
635:, the most famous outlaw during the
76:The word brigand entered English as
1213:"Möens, William John Charles"
1206:
1146:
799:in 1874 a few bands again infested
475:writing in the 1911 edition of the
465:haunted the king's preserves round
289:(1639–1651), policing the Scottish
24:
612:Del gran Pietro Mancino fuoruscito
73:and lives by pillage and robbery.
25:
1374:
639:) received from various kinds of
525:were more than brigands, and the
142:by proclamation, see the article
1273:
1230:Lieber's Code and the Law of War
1219:Dictionary of National Biography
1057:Lieber, Lieber & Shelly 1983
806:
375:, were the homes of the Italian
201:who was tried as a brigand by a
181:Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
121:"to brawl, fight" (whence also
973:
957:
931:
908:
565:Brigandage in the Two Sicilies
179:The Calabrians who fought for
172:Brigandage in the Two Sicilies
149:
13:
1:
1155:
195:It is you who are the thieves
165:
740:, where brigands are called
91:
57:is the life and practice of
7:
1166:. Temple University Press.
838:
831:. A notable example is the
685:
445:In the years preceding the
279:supplied a theatre for the
10:
1379:
1247:Rickards, Maurice (2000).
1232:. Transaction Publishers.
648:William John Charles Möens
618:I sing, and all his rage.)
562:
395:
316:
287:Wars of the Three Kingdoms
197:", was the defense of the
169:
29:
1328:The Brigands of the Morea
1251:. Routledge. p. 39.
980:Oxford English Dictionary
964:Oxford English Dictionary
707:Jose MarĂa el Tempranillo
657:
428:In France there were the
423:
263:
901:
697:
532:
510:
32:Brigand (disambiguation)
1312:Eugenio de la Iglesia,
1297:Encyclopædia Britannica
1286:Hannay, David (1911). "
763:archbishop of Tarragona
549:, photographed in 1862.
529:were a religious sect.
502:Lord and Lady Muncaster
477:Encyclopædia Britannica
461:-sellers, and gangs of
383:(member of a gang) and
230:, the brigands (called
65:. It is practiced by a
1202:. Penguin. p. 25.
1162:Axinn, Sidney (2008).
928:
710:
621:
560:
550:
496:Greece and the Balkans
453:and brigands known as
329:
51:
914:
779:Esquadra de Catalunya
755:War of the Succession
705:
670:made incursions into
606:
556:
540:
400:England was ruled by
324:
40:
829:vigilance committees
682:" ended brigandage.
208:during the reign of
1302:The article cites:
637:Italian unification
391:Historical examples
363:, the mountains of
328:and his robber band
711:
676:American Civil War
561:
551:
379:, and the Spanish
330:
311:Revolution of 1688
270:bad administration
52:
1239:978-0-913750-25-4
1173:978-1-59213-958-3
1047:, CRS-17, CRS-29.
845:Banditry in Chile
819:were infested by
771:Mossos d'Esquadra
723:Serrania de Ronda
678:. In Mexico the "
625:Kingdom of Naples
447:French Revolution
416:, on the edge of
326:Xaver Hohenleiter
282:gentlemen reivers
96:The English word
16:(Redirected from
1370:
1301:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1262:
1243:
1224:
1221:(2nd supplement)
1215:
1203:
1191:
1189:
1177:
1164:A Moral Military
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1144:
1138:
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1120:
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1036:
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1014:
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935:
929:
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604:, which begins:
541:A small band of
479:stated that in "
342:Maquis shrubland
277:Scottish Marches
221:Balkan peninsula
160:prisoners of war
82:chain of command
21:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1338:
1337:
1330:(London, 1868).
1323:(London, 1866).
1316:(Madrid, 1898).
1309:(London, 1837).
1305:Mr McFarlane's
1274:
1272:
1259:
1240:
1187:
1174:
1158:
1153:
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1129:
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949:, p. 564).
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927:
921:
913:
909:
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880:Ghazi (warrior)
841:
809:
793:Duke of Ahumada
765:in the town of
700:
688:
660:
567:
535:
513:
498:
457:, unauthorized
426:
398:
393:
332:The forests of
319:
266:
174:
168:
152:
138:a man declared
94:
59:highway robbery
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1376:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1334:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1324:
1319:W.J.C. Moens,
1317:
1310:
1292:Chisholm, Hugh
1264:
1263:
1257:
1244:
1238:
1225:
1210:, ed. (1912).
1204:
1196:Hobsbawm, Eric
1192:
1178:
1172:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1149:, p. 627.
1139:
1127:
1125:, p. 565.
1100:
1098:, p. 564.
1065:
1049:
1037:
1021:
1009:
1007:, p. 563.
988:
972:
955:
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930:
919:
906:
905:
903:
900:
899:
898:
893:
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867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
840:
837:
833:Harpe brothers
808:
805:
699:
696:
692:Upper Carniola
687:
684:
659:
656:
629:Carmine Crocco
620:
619:
616:
613:
594:Torquato Tasso
558:Carmine Crocco
534:
531:
512:
509:
497:
494:
455:faux saulniers
425:
422:
397:
394:
392:
389:
352:concealed the
318:
315:
295:New Model Army
265:
262:
167:
164:
151:
148:
93:
90:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1375:
1364:
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1329:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1283:
1282:public domain
1271:
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1269:
1268:
1260:
1258:0-415-92648-3
1254:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1222:
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1214:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1186:
1185:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1159:
1148:
1143:
1137:, p. 25.
1136:
1135:Hobsbawm 1985
1131:
1124:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
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1062:
1058:
1053:
1046:
1041:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1019:, p. 39.
1018:
1017:Rickards 2000
1013:
1006:
1001:
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997:
995:
993:
985:
981:
976:
969:
965:
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948:
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934:
925:, p. 563
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918:
911:
907:
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868:
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860:Social bandit
858:
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851:
848:
846:
843:
842:
836:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
817:American West
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813:United States
807:United States
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788:Guardia Civil
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764:
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752:
750:
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739:
734:
732:
728:
727:Ferdinand VII
724:
720:
716:
715:Sierra Morena
708:
704:
695:
693:
683:
681:
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406:Epping Forest
403:
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347:
344:and hills of
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291:moss-troopers
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210:Joachim Murat
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173:
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137:
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126:
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113:from Italian
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89:
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83:
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72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
49:
48:Horace Vernet
46:, painted by
45:
44:
39:
33:
19:
1335:
1327:
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1313:
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1199:
1183:
1163:
1142:
1130:
1052:
1040:
1024:
1012:
983:
975:
967:
959:
945:landlords" (
933:
915:
910:
886:Free company
810:
786:
782:
778:
758:
747:
741:
735:
730:
712:
689:
668:Juan Cortina
661:
651:
645:
640:
622:
607:
601:
597:
591:
575:papal states
568:
516:
514:
506:
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484:
473:David Hannay
471:
454:
444:
435:
429:
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384:
380:
376:
358:
340:. The dense
331:
285:. After the
280:
274:
267:
257:
245:
241:
231:
218:
194:
178:
175:
153:
135:
131:
129:
122:
118:
114:
108:
101:
97:
95:
86:
77:
75:
66:
54:
53:
41:
1267:Attribution
1208:Lee, Sidney
1123:Hannay 1911
1096:Hannay 1911
1005:Hannay 1911
984:Orig. Lett.
947:Hannay 1911
923:Hannay 1911
797:Carlist War
749:Don Quixote
674:before the
652:manuténgoli
641:manuténgoli
598:ottava rima
402:William III
385:salteadores
156:hostilities
150:Laws of war
1342:Categories
1288:Brigandage
1156:References
1059:, p.
1045:Elsea 2005
1031:, p.
1029:Axinn 2008
896:Bushranger
825:vigilantes
821:highwaymen
633:Basilicata
563:See also:
436:Chauffeurs
431:Écorcheurs
410:Devonshire
381:bandoleros
354:bushranger
338:Robin Hood
309:after the
183:, and the
170:See also:
166:Resistance
106:Old French
55:Brigandage
943:Sassenach
827:known as
801:Catalonia
743:bandolers
738:Catalonia
731:bandolero
719:Andalusia
490:Corsicans
451:smugglers
440:mercenary
414:Brent Tor
361:Apennines
350:Australia
303:Rapparees
199:Calabrian
188:irregular
92:Etymology
1348:Banditry
1198:(1985).
1147:Lee 1912
920:—
839:See also
783:esquadra
775:Philip V
686:Slovenia
666:brigand
547:Bisaccia
543:brigands
523:Pindaris
463:poachers
418:Dartmoor
365:Calabria
307:James II
299:"tories"
258:armatoli
246:haydutzi
223:, under
115:brigante
102:brigaunt
18:Brigands
1358:Robbery
1353:Outlaws
1294:(ed.).
1284::
1200:Bandits
939:reavers
865:Thuggee
855:Cangaço
791:by the
680:Rurales
664:Mexican
623:In the
583:viceroy
571:Abruzzi
518:dacoits
481:Corsica
396:England
377:banditi
369:Sierras
346:Corsica
334:England
317:Terrain
248:by the
242:hayduks
236:by the
233:klephts
225:Ottoman
219:In the
185:Spanish
132:bandito
124:brigade
119:brigare
110:brigand
98:brigant
78:brigant
67:brigand
63:plunder
1290:". In
1278:
1255:
1236:
1170:
891:Hajduk
875:Shifta
870:Piracy
850:Outlaw
658:Mexico
587:Venice
485:maquis
424:France
367:, the
264:Causes
238:Greeks
214:Naples
203:French
191:levies
144:Bandit
140:outlaw
130:For a
100:(also
1363:Theft
1188:(PDF)
902:Notes
767:Valls
759:balio
698:Spain
672:Texas
631:from
545:from
533:Italy
527:Thugs
511:India
467:Paris
373:Spain
250:Slavs
136:bando
1253:ISBN
1234:ISBN
1168:ISBN
968:Livy
662:The
581:and
579:pope
515:The
483:the
459:salt
359:The
275:The
240:and
228:rule
71:gang
61:and
736:In
492:."
371:of
301:.
244:or
212:in
134:or
127:).
1344::
1216:.
1103:^
1068:^
1061:95
1033:89
991:^
803:.
420:.
356:.
216:.
146:.
1261:.
1242:.
1176:.
1063:.
1035:.
751:.
50:.
34:.
20:)
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